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Lista de candidatos sometidos a examen:
1) deictic (*)
(*) Términos presentes en el nuestro glosario de lingüística
1) Candidate: deictic
Is in goldstandard
1
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : The realization of deixis in speech / writing deixis is done through the use of special ‘linguistic pointers’ (Werth, 1999) called ‘deictic expressions’, also classified as ‘indexical expressions’ (Adetunji, 2006), ‘shifters’ (Jakobson, 1957), or ‘textual references’ (Halliday & Hasan, 1976). One of the main points here is the fact that their referents cannot be identified without an understanding of their actual context (Zupnik, 1994). In the case of person deixis, its indexical symbols belong to the grammatical category of personal pronouns, while the most obvious local deictic terms are the adverbs of place here / there and the demonstratives this / these and that / those, which are “the purest indicators of directionality and location” (Simpson, 1993: 13 ). In this regard, the first words in each pair indicate proximal perspective as they express physical proximity to the speaker, while the second words take a distal perspective as they denote a certain distance from the location o
2
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : f the speaker. The same is applied to the deictic adverbs of time now and then. Mainly, the deictic now reflects proximal perspective meaning “at the time at which the speaker is speaking”, while its distal pair then “indicates that the events referred to took place at a time anterior to the time of speaking” (Simpson, 1993: 14 ).
3
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : Consequently, the resolving of deictic expressions is performed by means of ‘deictic anchorage’, the term introduced by the Norwegian psychologist Ragnar Rommetveit in 1968. It consists in the contextualization of a deictic item through the establishing of cohesive ties between this item and the context in which it is used, as Mulderrig (2012: 708) puts:
4
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : Starting with the deictic centre I and finishing with the distant they, this scale shows “the movement from the proximal to the distal” (Adentunji, 2006: 180 ) in the use of pronominal references in political context. In his study of speeches by Casper Weinberger, (former United States Defense Secretary), Urban (1988) focuses on the use of the first-person plural pronoun we by defining its six different uses:
5
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : Similar approach was taken in the study of personal deixis in Spanish political-electoral debate between Felipe González and José María Aznar during the 1993 general elections (Arroyo, 2000). As a result, the author discovers two major personal deictic references: the presidential I and the partisan we:
6
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : Thus, the present study departs from a corpus analysis of deictic items and reference chains found in this speech. Among the deictic items under scrutiny, stand out personal references (e.g., nosotros (we) / Ustedes (you, plural) / ellos (they)), demonstratives and locatives, particularly, time and space anchors, like binaries este / ese (this / that), and acá / allá (here / there). These seem to play a role in reconfiguring or disambiguating rhetorical space thereby (dis)connecting the addressees with the message of political kind (Cramer, 2010). Regarding the first group of deictic items, i.e., personal references, Yang (2011: 129) distinguishes between their deictic and social roles, claiming that:
7
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : As has been claimed at the beginning of this paper, the present study departs from the concept of rhetorical space (rather than rhetoric per se) and its definition through deixis following Werth’s approach (Werth, 1999; Gavins, 2005; 2007). In this case, the study is done merely through the linguistic analysis of the deictic references, “whose meaning is not encoded intrinsically, but instead depends on the context of utterance in order to ‘anchor’ the meaning” (Mulderrig, 2012: 708 ). This, in its turn, is believed to play the main role in the construction of rhetorical space. In other words, this paper departs from the representative notion of political discourse, rather than from its decision-making and action counterparts, leaving, thus, aside the argumentative and reasoning facets of the analysis, and concentrating on the way political actors represent or construct the reality (Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012) in a certain context[27]^[3].
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paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : According to Yang (2011: 129), “a text, whether in its written or oral realization, is closely related to the concepts of space and time”, and “every utterance token is spatio-temporary unique, being spoken or written at a particular place and at a particular time. Thus, the second set of analyses deals with the spatial (or local) and time adverbial deictic references based on two-level ‘distance’ range with the speaker as a referent point, or ‘the centre of conceptualization’ (Yang, 2011): distal vs . proximal, where proximal pole is considered to be more close to the speaker and the distal one – closer to the addressee (Stawarska, 2008; Cornish, 2011):
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paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : Thus, the following set of deictic demonstratives and adverbs of place was selected from the corpus:
Evaluando al candidato deictic:
2) references: 7 (*)
4) deixis: 5 (*)
5) proximal: 5 (*)
6) distal: 5
9) speaker: 4 (*)
12) context: 4
13) werth: 3
15) demonstratives: 3
16) adverbs: 3 (*)
17) perspective: 3
18) departs: 3
19) expressions: 3 (*)
20) rhetorical: 3 (*)
deictic
Lengua: eng
Frec: 49
Docs: 7
Nombre propio: / 49 = 0%
Coocurrencias con glosario: 7
Puntaje: 8.009 = (7 + (1+5.70043971814109) / (1+5.64385618977472)));
Candidato aceptado
Referencias bibliográficas encontradas sobre cada término
(Que existan referencias dedicadas a un término es también indicio de terminologicidad.)| deictic |
: Levelt, W. J., Richardson, G. & La Heij, W. (1985). Pointing and voicing in deictic expressions. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 133-164. : The deictic 3^rd person pronominal reference is characterized by its exclusive character, i.e., it does not explicitly include possible audience of Bachelet’s speech, and it is directed to, or speak about, ‘third parties’ or ‘others’ (Nikitina, 2012). : The problem of inclusion / exclusion of personal deictic pronouns in political discourse has been fully covered by Rees (1983) in his pronominal scale: |