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Lista de candidatos sometidos a examen:
1) expression (*)
(*) Términos presentes en el nuestro glosario de lingüística

1) Candidate: expression


Is in goldstandard

1
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines192 - : Castel (2004) proposes a text grammar which (a) treats field properties as belonging to a stratum lower than the genre stratum but higher than the lexicogrammatical stratum, and (b) defines field preferences that alter semantic feature probabilities in SNRs. This text grammar associates, with each terminal genre feature, a pair made up of a selection expression headed by the feature [field_entity], and a linguistic structure as in Diagram 10, where SU is a variable ranging over syntactic units:

2
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines192 - : By elaborating on this higher stratum system network rule treatment of field properties, RedACTe could add tenor and mode systems so that Diagram 11 would be generated instead of Diagram 10, where [register_entity] heads a selection expression composed of field, tenor and mode features:

3
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines209 - : “There is a constant interplay between these two overarching characteristics of academic speech, which is by nature an information-rich genre, but in which interaction between the participants is also of paramount importance, and the formulaic expression identified here serve to highlight these dual pragmatic features” (Simpson, 2004: 60 ).

4
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines295 - : As the three register variables (field, tenor and mode) do not have their own forms of expression (words or structures), they have to make use of the lexico-grammatical structures from language, and this is done in two ways: first, by making certain linguistic choices much more likely than others, so that when we read or hear a text certain patterns start to emerge in a non-random way, in what Martin calls 'probabilistic realization': "these patterns represent a particular register choice telling us it's there" (Martin, 2001: 157 ). Second, the register categories take over a small number of linguistic choices as their own, in what Martin calls 'indexical realization', that is, certain linguistic choices, once made by the text producer, lead the hearer/reader to immediately identify the register in which the text is being produced. However, linguistic realizations should not be taken as register variables. Field, tenor and mode are register categories, whereas lexico-grammatical items are

5
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines336 - : “The term function is used in the mathematical sense: f(X) = Y. …Formally, a Lexical Function f is a function that associates with a given lexical expression L, which is the argument, or keyword, of f, a set {Li} of lexical expressions – the value of f – that express, contingent on L, a specific meaning associated with f:

6
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines416 - : In our formalism, a relation phrase is limited to be either a single verb (e.g., estudia ‘studies’) or a verb immediately followed by dependent words until a preposition (e.g., atrae la atención de ‘attracts attention of’ or nació en ‘was born in’) optionally followed by infinitive (e.g., sirven bien para acentuar ‘serve well to emphasize’). The corresponding formal grammar expression for a verb phrase is:

7
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines416 - : the word soldada, which in this sentence is an adjective (‘soldered’), was tagged as a noun (‘soldier’). Consequently, the left argument could not be matched by the expression (2) and the extracted tuple was affected by underspecification of the argument:

8
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines426 - : Local deixis, also called place or spatial deixis, stands for “the linguistic expression of the speaker’s perception of his position in three-dimensional space” (Fillmore, 1997: 27), denoting “the relationship of objects to a speaker”, or “how a speaker is situated in physical space” (Simpson, 1993: 13 ).

9
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines450 - : The linguistic expression of appraisal in judicial decisions: A contrastive study in French and Spanish

10
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines453 - : If we saturate X with conceptual material denoting a neutral or non-beneficial action, the construction can either override such a meaning (thus turning it into something beneficial), or, if the result of such an override clashes strongly with what is socio-culturally acceptable, a seriously infelicitous expression may arise:

11
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines474 - : A series of devices are presented below for the expression of verbal politeness, which will be observed throughout this study (^[28]Níkleva, 2011, ^[29]2015):

12
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines481 - : 2. Oral expression: to express oneself clearly, correctly and fluently when delivering OPs (with acceptable pronunciation, stress, and intonation and with very few grammatical errors, incorrect or excessive use of spoken emphasis, fillers, repetitions, pauses, and false starts );

13
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines481 - : Was viewing videos of their OPs helpful? In what aspects had they made progress because of the VASR experience? All 14 students expressed the view that viewing videos of their own OPs was helpful. As shown in [165]Table 5, they attributed their progress in the use of non-verbal elements (mentioned 13 times) and oral expression (mentioned 7 times) to their experience of viewing videos of their OPs, as can be seen from their answers to the question:

14
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines534 - : The second issue concerning the perceived inexistence of an association between poetry and the expression of culture, as expressed by three informants, seems to respond to a misperception on the part of the respondents of what poetry is: ‘Poetry deals with general feelings and not with any specific culture’, as one of the trainees put it . This negative comment may stem from the belief that poetry is associated exclusively with the expression of lyricism, which, considering the variety and types of poetry available, is not the case. It also reflects the assumption that feelings are homogeneously expressed across different cultures, which, once again, does not correspond with reality.

15
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines534 - : The positive perception of poetry as a means of encouraging the expression of personal opinions and feelings (item 14) was reported by five participants in terms of the personal enrichment they obtain when given the chance to compare their own emotions with those of others’: ‘Poets express what they feel through their poems and I like knowing how other people feel about topics like love, happiness or death and comparing them with my own . I find it enriching’. When justifying the ability of poetry to help understand the emotions of others’ (item 15), three informants emphasized their empathy with the universality of poetic themes: ‘Since poetry deals with general topics which I have experienced myself, I find it easy to relate to what the poet is feeling’. The negative comments reported for these two items (2 for item 14 and 3 for item 15), once again, stemmed from the perceived difficulty of poetic topics, in this case their metaphorical nature or their multivocality. The following comment

16
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines559 - : expression:

17
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines565 - : ^6Cita completa: “Intersubjectivity is the explicit expression of the SP/ W’s [speaker/writer] attention to the ‘self ’ of the addressee/ reader in both an epistemic sense (paying attention to their presumed attitudes to the content of what is said), and in a more social sense (paying attention to their ‘face’ or ‘image needs’ associated with social stance and identity)” (^[189]Traugott, 2003: 18, citado en ^[190]De Cock 2013: 14 ).

18
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines567 - : The general aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of the linguistic expression of mitigation in the management of the family role face during a period of the Spanish social history: from the late nineteenth century to the sixties of the twentieth century . To this end, a corpus study of selected plays of the period is carried out, focusing on the directive speech acts uttered by characters that play family roles. The analysis is carried out following a mixed methodology that provides, on the one hand, the quantification of the frequency of the different linguistic mitigation strategies and the factors with which they are linked; on the other hand, the qualitative analysis allows to connect the behavior of the mitigation procedures with the face needs and the social effects generated. In order to do this, the interpretation is based on the sociological context of the moment. The results suggest that forms of address, justifying structures, indirect formulation and impersonalization

19
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines588 - : The role of Graduation in the expression of opinions: An analysis of student and professional texts on Spanish-American literature

20
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines595 - : Halliday, M.A.K. ([1979] 2002). Modes of meanings and modes of expression: Types of grammatical structure and their determination by different semantic function . En J. Webster (Ed.), On Grammar. Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday (pp.196-218). Londres: Continuum. [ [222]Links ]

21
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines598 - : In this study, a tripartite categorisation of modality following the taxonomy described here is used, and it includes epistemic, deontic and dynamic modality. These types of modality can be adverbs (‘probably’, ‘perhaps’), verbs (‘can’, ‘could’, ‘must’, ‘shall’, ‘would’) and matrices (‘It is probable that P’, where P is the proposition hedged) (see ^[77]Hyland, 1998, 2004). Our focus here will be on modal verbs, specifically on the so-called central modals. In English, there are nine central modal verbs, as noted by ^[78]Biber et al. (1999): ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’, ‘might’, ‘shall’, ‘should’, ‘will’, ‘would’ and ‘must’ (see ^[79]Denison, 1993; ^[80]Biber et al., 1999). ^[81]Biber et al. (1999) establish a relationship between pairs of modals according to a grammatical value based on the expression of time: can and could, may and might, shall and should, will and would . However, despite this usage, the past tense forms of these verbs have diff

22
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines599 - : Scholars interested in boosting have provided a number of definitions. Traditionally boosting has been defined as involving the expression of varying degrees of commitment or seriousness of intention (^[59]Holmes, 1984) and as “communicative strategies for increasing the force of statements” (^[60]Hyland, 1998a: 350), to which ^[61]Peacock (2006: 65 ) added that it also serves to “emphasise certainty, strong commitment, conviction and accepted truth”. For Hyland (^[62]1998a: 353), boosters counterbalance and, in a way, contradict the use of hedges, which are so effective in the “conciliatory and defensive tactics” of the writers of research articles. Boosters, according to the same author, allow writers to express their conviction and at the same time, they limit the negotiating space available to the reader. For the purpose of this study, we will follow ^[63]Mur-Dueñas (2011: 3070), who defines boosters as:

23
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines600 - : On the contrary, the way researchers make use of the rest of the pragmatic functions is discipline and/or section sensitive. In the introductory parts, the explanation of procedures, the statement of results and the elaboration of arguments are three functions which researchers deploy with different frequencies from a statistical point of view. In the post-method sections, the explanation of procedures, the elaboration of arguments, the expression of limitations, contribution or applications and the signalling of future avenues for work, are enacted with varying different, and statistically significant frequencies, in the three disciplines analysed, as corroborated by the p values in the table below:

Evaluando al candidato expression:


1) linguistic: 9 (*)
2) poetry: 7
4) register: 6 (*)
7) stratum: 4
8) mode: 4
9) verbs: 4 (*)
10) attention: 4
11) tenor: 4
13) item: 4
14) martin: 3
15) feature: 3
16) diagram: 3 (*)
17) grammatical: 3 (*)
18) mitigation: 3 (*)
19) lexical: 3 (*)

expression
Lengua: eng
Frec: 133
Docs: 62
Nombre propio: / 133 = 0%
Coocurrencias con glosario: 7
Frec. en corpus ref. en eng: 129
Puntaje: 7.871 = (7 + (1+6.02236781302845) / (1+7.06608919045777)));
Rechazado: muy común;

Referencias bibliográficas encontradas sobre cada término

(Que existan referencias dedicadas a un término es también indicio de terminologicidad.)
expression
: Albelda, M. & Estellés, M. (en prensa). Mitigation revisited. An operative and integrated definition of the pragmatic concept, its strategic values and its linguistic expression. Journal of Pragmatics.
: Bowers, F. (1989). Linguistic aspects of legislative expression. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
: Caillies, A. & Butcher, K. (2007). Processing of idiomatic expression: Evidence for a new hybrid view. Methaphor and Symbol, 22, 79-108.
: ExtrHech processes coordinating conjunctions for verb relations and noun phrase arguments with a rule implemented according to the expression (3). For example:
: Fernández-Martín, A., Gutiérrez-García, A. & Gutiérrez-Calvo, M. (2013). A smile radiates outwards and biases the eye expression. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16(1), 1-11.
: Hale, K. & Keyser, S. (1993). On the argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations. En K. Hale & S. Keyser (Eds.), The view from building 20^th (pp. 53-109). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
: Massaro, T. M. (2011). Equality and freedom of expression: The hate speech dilemma. William and Mary Law Review, 32(2), 211-265.
: Munday, J. (2012b). The expression of attitude in translation. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 65,101-114.
: Perelman, L. (1991). The medieval art of letter writing: Rhetoric as institutional expression. In C. Bazerman & J. Paradis (Eds.), Textual Dynamics of the Professions (pp. 97-119). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
: Ruiz de Mendoza, F. & Luzondo, A. (2016). Figurative and non-figurative motion in the expression of result in English. Language and Cognition, 8, 32-58.
: Searle, J. (1979). Expression and meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
: Searle, J. (1979). Expression and meaning. Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: CUP.
: Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
: Song, G. & Wolff, P. (2003). Linking perceptual properties to the linguistic expression of causation. In M. Achard & S. Kemmer (Eds.), Language, culture and mind (pp. 237-250). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
: Van Dijk, T. (1985) Cognitive situation models in discourse production; The expression of ethnic situations in prejudices discourse. En J. Forgas (ed.), Language and social situations. London: Academic Press, 61-79.