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Update: February 24, 2023 The new version of Termout.org is now online, so this web site is now obsolete and will soon be dismantled. |
Lista de candidatos sometidos a examen:
1) message (*)
(*) Términos presentes en el nuestro glosario de lingüística
1) Candidate: message
Is in goldstandard
1
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines313 - : One sees that at the beginning of his message, the manager uses the new employee's full name (first name and surname), but when describing the activities and past results he uses only the first name, i.e., Silviu. In the ending paragraph, the manager sets a trend by using again the first name, suggesting that other company employees should use an informal form of address. The message is followed by some replies from employees showing that they rapidly took the covert piece of advice from the manager and referred to the new employee by his first name:
2
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines313 - : In the messages presented above, our attention was captured by the forms of address: if in message 1, the sender used a group form of address and in message 3, she used the first name - both of them informal forms of address- in message 2, the sender used a formal form of address . This may show that the second addressee was an older person. Showing respect and deference to older persons when addressing them is still common practice today in Romania. With regard to this example, it means that the sender has selected from a variety of forms of address only those that will present her as a respectful person, yet having authority.
3
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines313 - : Although these are individual messages, one sees that they are linked, all of them addressing the same issue: preparing for the arrival of a new employee . At the end of the message, the sender no longer uses both English and Romanian for the ending formula, but only English.
4
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines313 - : Although the noun 'colleague' focuses on the idea of fellowship and membership in the same professional category, the use of the adjective 'esteemed' turns the salutation formula into a more formal one than its counterpart, dear 'colleague'. If we take a closer look at the content of the message that follows the salutation formula, we see that it is about serious actions that need to be taken: it may be an invitation to a formal meeting (the University Senate, a new programme that offers funding opportunities ), the sender may draw attention to what should be done ('I have to remind you that…').
5
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines313 - : Some women who work in an all-female company or institution may feel offended if they are addressed by a masculine form. For example, in a farewell message, we can see that the sender of the message was aware of the fact that his audience was made up exclusively of women and he chose a relevant form of address:
6
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines400 - : Tables 1-5 make explicit a functional distinction between the ‘meanings’ some forms necessarily express in every context and the ‘messages’ some of them may implicitly convey in a specific context. For instance, the feature ‘feminine’ is a ‘meaning’ of the clitics la and las in any context, but it is an implicit message conveyed by the clitic le in an example like (3):
7
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines421 - : The photograph is the most salient element of the composition due to its size and to the message it conveys: the politician appears foregrounded, the background is blurred but lighter than the one in the previous poster ; the fact that he is the only social actor represented contributes to emphasizing the candidate. Ahern looks directly at the audience, which is a clear way of interacting with them and requesting an answer or rather an action from them: their vote for Fianna Fáil. This can be considered a demand image (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006), which contrasts with the one presented in the previous poster. Ahern looks less serious and more relaxed and sure than in the last poster. Moreover, the posture of his hands shows that he is a confident leader who is willing to continue doing things for Ireland. In this sense it is outstanding that, although he is also wearing smart clothes (a shirt and a tie), on this occasion he has taken off his jacket, making thus his image as a politician more
8
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines454 - : Linguistic similarity at the structural level was measured in terms of a similar use of verb tense (^[84]Scissors et al., 2009) or, as ^[85]Bunz and Campbell (2004) suggest, measured by converging to structural elements such as salutation and closing remarks. In this study, full similarity was considered to occur when the message followed the following pattern: initial greetings and age, symptoms, effect of treatment, current situation plus uncertainty about health situation, request for advice, and some sort of farewell . As the common structure in all the groups studied, Example 1, a post from Mumsnet, could broadly exemplify this model:
9
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines454 - : Lastly, we must discuss addressivity, a factor that may enhance accommodation at the structural level. Addressivity (^[102]Werry, 1996), whereby a message is prefaced by the nickname of the intended addressee, is important in online fora and social media such as Twitter to clarify to whom the message is addressed. For instance, in Twitter addressivity is performed by the inclusion of @, a convention to address a post to a particular user (^[103]Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil et al., 2011) which markedly reinforces the conversational style of online writing (^[104]Honeycutt & Herring, 2009). In the fora studied, and especially in the support groups not run by official institutions, there is some addressivity both in English and Spanish because participants need to clarify to whom the advice in their message is directed. The percentage of messages addressed to one participant in men’s fora is not significant: only 2% of the messages include the name of the intended addressee . However, in women’s
10
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines454 - : fora there is some addressivity because it seems participants need to clarify to whom their message is directed, although the percentage of messages related to one particular participant is not very high: 26% in Mumsnet and 23 .8% in Diario femenino. Only 7% of the messages in the NHS forum are directed to a specific member of the online community. There is no addressivity in the Spanish forum of the Asociación menopausia because all the messages are submitted to be answered by doctors.
11
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines474 - : Among hedging strategies, the students introduce apologies for not accenting words when they send email from a mobile telephone or for possible spelling mistakes due to their state of mind, as in this message where a student informs that she cannot take the exam the next day because of the death of a family member:
12
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines529 - : Hence, with methodical planning and implementation, service-learning programs have the potential to meaningfully connect heritage language learners from the classroom to the community. The excerpt below is from a student’s (labeled as Student 8 below) final reflective paper in Introduction to Spanish Translation. This extract truly grasps the final message of how educators have the power to transform classrooms into challenging and welcoming environments, encourage learners to express themselves, connect with others, and promote dignity and pride among all:
Evaluando al candidato message:
2) sender: 6 (*)
3) addressivity: 6
5) address: 5
9) fora: 4
11) structural: 3
12) advice: 3
14) manager: 3
15) formal: 3
18) online: 3
19) salutation: 3
20) clarify: 3
message
Lengua: eng
Frec: 98
Docs: 29
Nombre propio: / 98 = 0%
Coocurrencias con glosario: 1
Frec. en corpus ref. en eng: 142
Puntaje: 1.842 = (1 + (1+5.4262647547021) / (1+6.62935662007961)));
Rechazado: muy común;
Referencias bibliográficas encontradas sobre cada término
(Que existan referencias dedicadas a un término es también indicio de terminologicidad.)| message |
: Kalyanam, K. & Zweben, M. (2005). The perfect message at the perfect moment. Harvard Business Review, 83(11), 112. : Rabab’ah, G. & Seedhouse, P. (2004). Communication strategies and message transmission with Arab learners of English in Jordan. Annual Review of Education, Communication and Language Sciences [on line]. Retrieved from: : Váradi, T. (1973). Strategies of target language communication: Message adjustment. Paper presented at the VI |