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Lista de candidatos sometidos a examen:
1) nouns (*)
(*) Términos presentes en el nuestro glosario de lingüística

1) Candidate: nouns


Is in goldstandard

1
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines313 - : Verbs are often created from English verbs or nouns using Romanian verbal classifiers, like derivative suffixes: -a: forcasta (cf . forecast), targheta^[32]8 (cf. target), printa (cf. print); -iza: sponsoriza (cf. sponsor), globaliza (cf. global / globalize), computeriza (cf. computer / computerise), -ui^[33]9: a brandui (cf. brand), a bipui (cf. the interjection bip), a chatui (cf. chat), a serui (cf. share), a zipui (cf. zip) or inflectional suffixes: downloadati fisierul [download the file]: femeia care îl body-guard-eaza pe N. [the woman that *body-guards N.] (GALR, 2005). The affix-(a)re is specialized for abstract nouns, and is used as a means of completing the lexical family of the loanword: auditare, forcastare, printare, targhetare, etc.

2
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines317 - : “[…] which personalize social actors, represent them as human beings, as realized by personal or possesives pronouns, proper names, or nouns (and sometimes adjectives, as, for example, in ‘the maternal care’, whose meaning include the feature ‘human’” (Van Leeuwen, 2008: 46 ).

3
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines317 - : “[…] represented by others means, for instance, by abstract nouns or by concrete nouns whose meaning do not include the semantic feature ‘human’” (Van Leeuwen, 2008: 46 ).

4
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines488 - : Gender is a grammatical category that divides nouns into two distinct classes: ‘masculine’ for male nouns, and ‘feminine’ for female nouns, with ‘neuter’ a third possible group for nouns that are neither . Gender is often referred to using the more specific term ‘grammatical gender,’ to distinguish it from the ‘natural gender’ typically determined by biological sex. Thus, although girls are biologically female, the German word for girl, Mädchen, is grammatically neuter (^[52]Matthews, 2014).

5
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines509 - : Temporal nouns: Towards a classification according to abstraction degrees

6
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines509 - : The traditional classification between concrete and abstract nouns, although questioned (Bosque & Demonte, 1999), continues to be used by numerous authors from different theoretical perspectives (among the most current, García Meseguer, 2007; Battaner, 2017). We start from the hypothesis that nouns cannot be classified as concrete or abstract, but that there is a continuum between both poles. In the present work, we analyze the resemantizations of a subtype of abstract nouns, the temporal nouns (García Meseguer, 2007) or second-order nouns (Lyons, 1977; Schmid, 2000), as ‘tijeretazo’, with the meaning of ‘cut of economic or human resources towards a sector or company’ and ‘blindaje’, with the sense of ‘action and effect of protecting something’, documented in the Argentine written press, with the purpose of analyzing the continuum observed in the class of temporal abstract nouns, from a generation model of lexical meaning: the Generative Lexicon (Pustejovsky, 1995, 2011 ). According to this

7
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines510 - : The aim of this paper is to determine which noun classes may function as resumptives in Spanish syntax, which are their lexical properties and in which way the relation is established between the resumptive noun and the head of the relative clause. Assuming that resumption may involve several categories, relational and part-whole nouns are analyzed in terms of the Generative Lexicon Theory put forth in Pustejovsky (1991, 1995, 1998): lexical representations, hierarchically structured, account for the information which classifies the noun as either relational or part-whole denoting and which enables the noun to function as resumptive if its Qualia Structure allows for an agreement relation with the antecedent . Similarities between the two noun classes are established, some data is presented regarding their syntactic behaviour and context-sensitive lexical representations are proposed in order to provide a theoretical explanation of the information allegedly encoded within the lexical entry

8
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines511 - : The main objective of this research is to analyze -from a diachronic perspective- the productivity of the processes of noun formation in Mapudungun, based on the hypothesis that the processes observed in periods of less contact with Spanish will exhibit greater linguistic genuineness than those found in periods where contact is more intense. For this purpose, we analyzed the formation process of 2,779 nouns, classified into three groups according to their primary source of record: early period, composed of 274 units documented in Valdivia (1606 ); intermediate period, comprising 855 units documented in Febrés ([1765] 1882); and recent period, which includes 1,650 units documented in Augusta (1916). The analysis reveals that certain processes remain highly productive across the periods (compounding and derivation), others lose productivity (syntactic conversion, semantic changes and borrowing), and others remain unproductive over time (onomatopoeia, reduplication, syntagmatic compounding,

9
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines514 - : Labelling nouns: A study of cohesive labels in research articles in English and Spanish

10
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines577 - : In response to RQ1: ‘What grammatical features characterise the genre of crowdfunding project proposals and what are the functions of these features in communicating meaning?’, the findings of the present study indicate that these proposals rely heavily on the use of phrasal patterns, being noun phrases the most frequent phrase type (almost half of all phrase types coded in the corpus). The fact that both the online and the expanded texts of the proposals were built upon “more nominal than verbal” patterns (^[110]Biber & Gray, 2010) suggests that nouns are core linguistic features in this genre. The presence of nouns, an “especially common grammar feature in academic prose” (^[111]Biber & Gray, 2016: 318 ), indicates that one function of nominal patterns is to provide information about the science being crowdfunded. As a further exploration, the constructs of tokens, types and type-token ratio (TTR) of each of the proposals ([112]Table 1), and the average means of these constructs in the

11
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines599 - : The full list of nouns (Appendix II) shows notable differences among their numbers in each corpus: 61 in Engineering, 35 in Medicine and 85 in Linguistics . These figures may be related to the size of the corpora, with Medicine being the smallest. However, the similar size of the Engineering and Linguistics corpora and a distinct number of nouns combining with ‘show’ reveal certain differences. These differences can be explained by a higher frequency of this verb in Linguistics, but also the specificity of the field. As has been mentioned previously (^[123]Hyland, 1998a), writers in humanities/social sciences may tend to use a more personal writing style, but may also use more synonymous words to avoid repetition (e.g. participants-persons-speakers, and so forth).

12
paper corpusSignosTxtLongLines600 - : For the purpose of this article, I have labelled the use of first person pronouns and their corresponding possessive pronouns ‘explicit’, as the most visible devices, whereas the use of words such as ‘the author(s)’ or ‘the researcher(s)’ has been term indirect devices. Implicit self-mention devices roughly correspond to the so-called ‘abstract rhetors’ (^[136]Thompson & Thetela 1995) which can be considered a “depersonalizing strategy” (^[137]Sancho-Guinda, 2015) or nouns which “designate inanimate or collective referents and relieve the authors of agency” (^[138]Sancho-Guinda, 2015: 139 ). ^[139]Hyland (1998) suggest that these devices occur with judgmental and speculative lexical verbs and indicate that the action can be achieved without human intervention^[140]^4.

Evaluando al candidato nouns:


1) lexical: 7 (*)
2) abstract: 6
4) proposals: 4 (*)
5) gender: 4 (*)
6) documented: 4
7) feature: 3
13) classes: 3
14) patterns: 3 (*)
16) verbs: 3 (*)
17) processes: 3
18) concrete: 3 (*)
19) periods: 3

nouns
Lengua: eng
Frec: 133
Docs: 39
Nombre propio: / 133 = 0%
Coocurrencias con glosario: 6
Puntaje: 6.813 = (6 + (1+5.55458885167764) / (1+7.06608919045777)));
Candidato aceptado

Referencias bibliográficas encontradas sobre cada término

(Que existan referencias dedicadas a un término es también indicio de terminologicidad.)
nouns
: Aktas, R. & Cortés, V. (2008). Shell nouns as cohesive devices in published and ESL student writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(1), 3-14.
: Asudeh, A. (2005). Relational nouns, pronouns and resumption. Linguistics and Philosophy, 28, 375-446.
: Baker, M. (2003). Lexical Categories: Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives. Cambridge/ Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.
: Baker, M. (2004). Adjectives as neither nouns nor verbs. En M. Baker (Ed.), Lexical categories: Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives (pp. 190-263). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
: Benítez Castro, M. A. (2013). Formal, syntactic, semantic and textual features of English shell nouns. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
: Bergen, J. J. (1978). A simplified approach for teaching the gender of Spanish nouns. Hispania, 61(4), 865-876.
: Charles, M. (2003). ‘This mystery...’: A corpus-based study of the use of nouns to construct stance in theses from two contrasting disciplines. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 2(4), 313-326.
: Chen, H. & Lee, J. (1996). Identification and classification of proper nouns in Chinese texts. En T. Seely (Ed.), Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, Denmark (pp. 222-229). Copenhagen: Ministry of Research Denmark.
: Copestake, A. (1995). The representation of group denoting nouns in a lexical knowledge base. En P. Saint-Dizier & E. Viegas (Eds.), Computational lexical semantics (pp. 217-230). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
: Corbett, A.T. (1984) Pronominal adjectives and the disambiguation of anaphoric nouns. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 683-695.
: De Bruin, J. & Sha, R. (1988). The interpretation of relational nouns. En el 26 th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference (pp. 25-32). Morristown: Association of Computational Linguistics.
: Flowerdew, J. & Forest, R. W. (2015). Signalling nouns in English. A corpus-based discourse approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
: Flowerdew, J. (2003). Signalling nouns in discourse. English for Specific Purposes, 22(4), 329-346.
: Flowerdew, J. (2009). Use of signalling nouns in a learner corpus. En J. Flowerdew & M. Mahlberg (Eds.), Lexical cohesion and corpus linguistics (pp. 85-102). Ámsterdam: John Benjamins.
: Flowerdew, J. (2015). Revisiting metadiscourse: Conceptual and methodological issues concerning signalling nouns. Ibérica, 29, 15-34.
: Francis, G. (1986). Anaphoric nouns. Birmingham: English Language Research.
: Fábregas, A. & Marín, R. (2012). The role of Aktionsart in deverbal nouns: State nominalizations across languages. Journal of Linguistics, 8, 35-70.
: Irmen, L. J. (2007). What’s in a (role) name? Formal and conceptual aspects of comprehending personal nouns. Psycholinguist Research, 36, 431-456.
: Ivanic, R. (1991). Nouns in search of a context: A study of nouns with both open- and closed-system characteristics. Intenational Review of Applied Linguistics, 29(2), 93-114.
: Jiang, F. & Hyland, K. (2016). Nouns and academic interactions: A neglected feature of metadiscourse. Applied Linguistics, 37, 1-25.
: Jiang, F. & Hyland, K. (2017). Metadiscursive nouns: Interaction and cohesion in abstract moves. English for Specific Purposes, 46, 1-14.
: Langacker, R. (1987). Nouns and verbs. Language, 63(1), 5394.
: Mahlberg, M. (2005). English general nouns. A corpus theoretical approach. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins .
: Martin, F. (2010). Stage-level and individual level readings of quality nouns: A study in aspectual morpho-semantics. Ponencia presentada en Going Romance 23, Leiden.
: Martin, F. (2013). Stage level and individual level readings of dispositional nouns. En N. Hathout, F. Montermini & J. Tseng (Eds.), Morphology in Toulouse. Selected Proceedings of Décembrettes 7 (pp. 155-183). Munich: Lincom.
: McNally, L. & de Swart, H. (2011). Inflection and derivation: How adjectives and nouns refer to abstract objects. Proceedings of the 18th Amsterdam Colloquium, 425-434.
: Nazar, R. & Renau, I. (2016). A taxonomy of Spanish nouns, a statistical algorithm to generate it and its implementation in open source code. Ponencia presentada en el 10 th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16). European Language
: Paik, W., Liddy, E., Yu, E. & McKenna, M. (1993a). Interpretation of proper nouns for information retrieval. En M. Bates (Ed.), Proceedings of the ARPA workshop on human language technology, New Jersey, USA (pp. 1-5). San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
: Schmid, H. (2000). English abstract nouns as conceptual shells: From corpus to cognition. NuevaYork: Mouton de Gruyter.
: Schmid, H. J. (2018). Shell nouns in English. A personal roundup. Caplletra, 64, 109-128.
: Staroverov, P. (2007). Relational nouns and reciprocal plurality. En T. Friedman & M. Gibson (Eds.), Actas SALT 17 (pp. 300-316). Ithaca, Nueva York: Cornell University.
: ^[129]Ramakrishnan et al. (2004) present separately the F-score for nouns and verbs. In order to compare with our proposal, the average of both scores was computed.