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Lista de candidatos sometidos a examen:
1) postpositions (*)
(*) Términos presentes en el nuestro glosario de lingüÃstica
1) Candidate: postpositions
Is in goldstandard
1
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt288 - : Kamsá exhibits nominal marking that lies somewhere along a spectrum connecting case suffixes and postpositions-not meeting all the criteria for either category. There is no core argument case marking in the language (i.e., no overt marking for nominative or accusative arguments). There is also no case marking for the semantic goal in a sentence; that is to say, what would be an indirect object in some languages does not have any special oblique marker in Kamsá. However, there are various oblique case markers, which are distinct from postpositions in that they are not separate words: they are bound morphemes that fulfill common semantic functions found in oblique case markers (e .g., signaling instrumental, comitative, possessive, or allative thematic relations). By «case» I do not mean to imply any theoretical definition of «Case», but rather just a description of bound oblique marking that signals various thematic relations. They could also possibly be analyzed as clitics rather than
2
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : POSTPOSITIONS IN MUNDURUKU (TUPI): FORMAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES^[26]^*
3
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : Postpositions share with nouns and verbs some morphosyntactic properties, such as person marking, which occurs by means of a clitic pronou^[30]^1:
4
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : Regarding specifically the expression of non-co-referential third person, postpositions have greater affinity with alienable nouns. Both have the same personal marking: «ce=». While inalienable nouns (and a few postpositions) mark the third person with a prefix (nominal subclass I) or by means of the alternation of the initial consonant of the root of [d]/[n] for [t] (nominal subclass ii), alienable nouns and the majority of the postpositions indicate the third person by the clitic «ce=»:
5
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : Next, we will present a summarized table of the postpositions identified in our research and their respective meanings:
6
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : The example 5c illustrates the use of a clitic personal marker as a complement of the postposition «teg̃», something common among the postpositions in Munduruku:
7
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : In the example 8a, the PP «[i-kug̃]» 'in him' provides the information that the sand fleas were in contact with the person's body. In this same sentence, right after the use of «kug̃», two other locative postpositions were used: «be» 'punctual locative' («[[jei] be] » 'in the foot' ) and «tag̃» 'diffuse locative' («[[soat] tag̃]» 'everywhere', «[[ijebit] tag̃]» 'in his whole body'). Let us see another example with «kug̃» :
8
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : The postposition «wi», indicating direction, can be combined with other postpositions, such as «be» 'in' (example 13e), «tag̃» 'for' (example 13f), «xe» 'near' (example 13g), «tog̃» 'under' (example 13h) and «jeje» 'on' (example 13i):
9
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : The last three postpositions presented previously inflect with the 3^rd person prefix «i-»: «ibima, ibuje, ibuye» . This occurs when the clauses correlated by them are not in the same sentence, and the postposition is not in the same clause it refers to:
10
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : Postpositions can be nominalized to function as a verb argument (example 23a):
11
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : Another possible grammatical relation for nominalized postpositions is to be a nominal predicate in an equative predication, as in the example 23b below:
12
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : Some inalienable nouns can form a postpositive locution with postpositions. An example of that is the noun «diot» 'under' that appears below, forming a locution with the postpositions «pe» 'in' «kay» 'for' and «tag̃-wi» 'for-from':
13
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt260 - : The conditional value taken on by the temporal postposition «bima» 'when' (cf. example 18c and discussions) and the causal value taken on by the also temporal postposition «buje» 'after' (cf. example 19b and discussion) are examples of pragmatic inference (invited inference) according to ^[147]Geis & Zwicky (1971) and ^[148]Traugott & Dasher (2002), for whom these ambiguous uses are at the base of grammaticalization and (inter)subjectivization processes. These postpositions also allow us to highlight their grammaticalization in another perspective: their use as subordinators (cf . section 2.17). Ultimately, this topic and the other topics highlighted here in these final considerations may and should be a matter of future research.
Evaluando al candidato postpositions:
2) marking: 7
5) nominal: 4 (*)
6) oblique: 4
7) nouns: 4 (*)
9) clitic: 3 (*)
12) locative: 3 (*)
13) sentence: 3 (*)
postpositions
Lengua: eng
Frec: 49
Docs: 3
Nombre propio: 2 / 49 = 4%
Coocurrencias con glosario: 5
Puntaje: 5.882 = (5 + (1+4.85798099512757) / (1+5.64385618977472)));
Candidato aceptado
Referencias bibliográficas encontradas sobre cada término
(Que existan referencias dedicadas a un término es también indicio de terminologicidad.)| postpositions |
: Cómo citar este artÃculo: Gomes, D. M. (2019). Postpositions in Munduruku (Tupi): Formal and Functional Features. Forma y Función, 32(2), 109-150. doi: [180]http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/fyf.v32n2.80817 |