# Tatatag: a semantic typing machine

https://tecling.com/textagram
Version: August 8, 2025: This version works with English and Spanish

Result for text extracleancorp/extra-clean-file-75.txt.tag

## Text without annotations

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( 1868 ; 1874-1880 ) " Disraeli " redirects here . For other uses , see Disraeli ( disambiguation ) . The Right Honourable The Earl of Beaconsfield KG PC DL JP FRS Disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait Prime Minister of the United Kingdom In office 20 February 1874 - 21 April 1880 Monarch Victoria Preceded by William Ewart Gladstone Succeeded by William Ewart Gladstone In office 27 February 1868 - 1 December 1868 Monarch Victoria Preceded by The Earl of Derby Succeeded by William Ewart Gladstone Leader of the Opposition In office 21 April 1880 - 19 April 1881 Monarch Victoria Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone Preceded by Marquess of Hartington Succeeded by The Marquess of Salisbury In office 1 December 1868 - 17 February 1874 Monarch Victoria Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone Preceded by William Ewart Gladstone Succeeded by William Ewart Gladstone Chancellor of the Exchequer In office 6 July 1866 - 29 February 1868 Prime Minister The Earl of Derby Preceded by William Ewart Gladstone Succeeded by George Ward Hunt In office 26 February 1858 - 11 June 1859 Prime Minister The Earl of Derby Preceded by Sir George Cornewall Lewis Succeeded by William Ewart Gladstone In office 27 February 1852 - 17 December 1852 Prime Minister The Earl of Derby Preceded by Sir Charles Wood , 3rd Baronet Succeeded by William Ewart Gladstone Personal details Born Benjamin D' Israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 December 1804 Bloomsbury , Middlesex , England Died 19 April 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) Mayfair , London , England Political party Conservative Other political affiliations Young England ( 1840s ) Spouse Mary Anne Evans ​ ​ ( m. 1839 ; died 1872 ) ​ Parents * Isaac D' Israeli * Maria Basevi Signature Cursive signature in ink Writing career Notable works List * * Vivian Grey * Popanilla * The Young Duke * Contarini Fleming * Ixion in Heaven * The Wondrous Tale of Alroy * The Rise of Iskander * The Infernal Marriage * Henrietta Temple * Venetia * Coningsby * Sybil * Tancred * Lothair * Endymion Benjamin Disraeli , 1st Earl of Beaconsfield ( 21 December 1804 - 19 April 1881 ) was a British statesman , Conservative politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party , defining its policies and its broad outreach . Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " Tory democracy " . He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the British Empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among British voters . He is the only British prime minister to have been born Jewish . Disraeli was born in Bloomsbury , at that time a part of Middlesex . His father left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; Benjamin became an Anglican at the age of 12 . After several unsuccessful attempts , Disraeli entered the House of Commons in 1837 . In 1846 , Prime Minister Robert Peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the Corn Laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons , becoming a major figure in the party . When Lord Derby , the party leader , thrice formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s , Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons . Upon Derby 's retirement in 1868 , Disraeli became prime minister briefly before losing that year 's general election . He returned to the Opposition before leading the party to a majority in the 1874 general election . He maintained a close friendship with Queen Victoria who , in 1876 , elevated him to the peerage as Earl of Beaconsfield . Disraeli 's second term was dominated by the Eastern question — the slow decay of the Ottoman Empire and the desire of other European powers , such as Russia , to gain at its expense . Disraeli arranged for the British to purchase a major interest in the Suez Canal Company in Egypt . In 1878 , faced with Russian victories against the Ottomans , he worked at the Congress of Berlin to obtain peace in the Balkans at terms favourable to Britain and unfavourable to Russia , its longstanding enemy . This diplomatic victory established Disraeli as one of Europe 's leading statesmen . World events thereafter moved against the Conservatives . Controversial wars in Afghanistan and South Africa undermined his public support . He angered farmers by refusing to reinstitute the Corn Laws in response to poor harvests and cheap imported grain . With Gladstone conducting a massive speaking campaign , the Liberals defeated Disraeli 's Conservatives at the 1880 general election . In his final months , Disraeli led the Conservatives in Opposition . Disraeli wrote novels throughout his career , beginning in 1826 , and published his last completed novel , Endymion , shortly before he died at the age of 76 . Early life Childhood Disraeli was born on 21 December 1804 at 6 King 's Road , Bedford Row , Bloomsbury , London , the second child and eldest son of Isaac D' Israeli , a literary critic and historian , and Maria ( Miriam ) , née Basevi . The family was mostly from Italy , of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background . He also had some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors . He later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand Portuguese and Venetian descent ; in fact , Isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on Disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including Isaac Cardoso , as well as members of the Goldsmids , the Mocattas and the Montefiores . Historians differ on Disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : Bernard Glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of England 's ruling elite ; Sarah Bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . Three portraits ; a man and two women Disraeli 's father , mother and sister — Isaac , Maria and Sarah Disraeli 's siblings were Sarah , Naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , Ralph and James ( " Jem " ) . He was close to his sister and on affectionate but more distant terms with his surviving brothers . Details of his schooling are sketchy . From the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in Islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . Two years later or so— the exact date has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder to Rev John Potticary 's school at Blackheath . Following a quarrel in 1813 with the Bevis Marks Synagogue , his father renounced Judaism and had the four children baptised into the Church of England in July and August 1817 . Isaac D'Israeli had never taken religion very seriously but had remained a conforming member of the synagogue . Isaac 's father , Benjamin , was a prominent and devout member ; it was probably out of respect for him that Isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813 . After Benjamin senior died in 1816 , Isaac felt free to leave the congregation following a second dispute . Isaac 's friend Sharon Turner , a solicitor , convinced him that although he could comfortably remain unattached to any formal religion it would be disadvantageous to the children if they did so . Turner stood as godfather when Benjamin was baptised , aged twelve , on 31 July 1817 . Conversion enabled Disraeli to contemplate a career in politics . There had been Members of Parliament ( MPs ) from Jewish families since Sampson Gideon in 1770 . However , until the Jews Relief Act 1858 , MPs were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a Christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . It is not known whether Disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to Winchester College , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . His two younger brothers were sent there , and it is not clear why Isaac chose to send his eldest son to a much less prestigious school . The boy evidently held his mother responsible for the decision ; Bradford speculates that " Benjamin 's delicate health and his obviously Jewish appearance may have had something to do with it . " The school chosen for him was run by Eliezer Cogan at Higham Hill in Walthamstow . He began there in the autumn term of 1817 ; he later recalled his education : I was at school for two or three years under the Revd . Dr Cogan , a Greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the A schylus of Bishop Blomfield , & was himself the Editor of the Greek Gnostic poets . After this I was with a private tutor for two years in my own County , & my education was severely classical . Too much so ; in the pride of boyish erudition , I edited the Idonisian Eclogue of Theocritus , wh . was privately printed . This was my first production : puerile pedantry . 1820s In November 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , Disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— Swain , Stevens , Maples , Pearse and Hunt—in the City of London . T F Maples was not only the young Disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in-law : Isaac and Maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for Benjamin . A friendship developed , but there was no romance . The firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer R W Davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . Although biographers including Robert Blake and Bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with Disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . He recalled : I had some scruples , for even then I dreamed of Parliament . My father 's refrain always was ' Philip Carteret Webb ' , who was the most eminent solicitor of his boyhood and who was an MP . It would be a mistake to suppose that the two years and more that I was in the office of our friend were wasted . I have often thought , though I have often regretted the University , that it was much the reverse . A young man of vaguely Semitic appearance , with long and curly black hair Portrait of Benjamin Disraeli by Francis Grant . Disraeli as a young man—a retrospective portrayal painted in 1852 The year after joining Maples ' firm , Benjamin changed his surname from D' Israeli to Disraeli . His reasons are unknown , but the biographer Bernard Glassman surmises that it was to avoid being confused with his father . Disraeli 's sister and brothers adopted the new version of the name ; Isaac and his wife retained the older form . Disraeli toured Belgium and the Rhine Valley with his father in the summer of 1824 . He later wrote that while travelling on the Rhine he decided to abandon his position : " I determined when descending those magical waters that I would not be a lawyer . " On their return to England he left the solicitors , at the suggestion of Maples , with the aim of qualifying as a barrister . He enrolled as a student at Lincoln 's Inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , Nathaniel Basevy , and then those of Benjamin Austen , who persuaded Isaac that Disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . He had made a tentative start : in May 1824 he submitted a manuscript to his father 's friend , the publisher John Murray , but withdrew it before Murray could decide whether to publish it . Released from the law , Disraeli did some work for Murray , but turned most of his attention to speculative dealing on the stock exchange . There was at the time a boom in shares in South American mining companies . Spain was losing its South American colonies in the face of rebellions . At the urging of George Canning the British government recognised the new independent governments of Argentina ( 1824 ) , Colombia and Mexico ( both 1825 ) . With no money of his own , Disraeli borrowed money to invest . He became involved with the financier J. D . Powles , who was prominent among those encouraging the mining boom . In 1825 , Disraeli wrote three anonymous pamphlets for Powles , promoting the companies . The pamphlets were published by John Murray , who invested heavily in the boom . John Murray and J. G. Lockhart Murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with The Times . In 1825 Disraeli convinced him that he should proceed . The new paper , The Representative , promoted the mines and those politicians who supported them , particularly Canning . Disraeli impressed Murray with his energy and commitment to the project , but he failed in his key task of persuading the eminent writer John Gibson Lockhart to edit the paper . After that , Disraeli 's influence on Murray waned , and to his resentment he was sidelined in the affairs of The Representative . The paper survived only six months , partly because the mining bubble burst in late 1825 , and partly because , according to Blake , the paper was " atrociously edited " . The bursting of the mining bubble was ruinous for Disraeli . By June 1825 he and his business partners had lost £7,000 . Disraeli could not pay off the last of his debts from this debacle until 1849 . He turned to writing , motivated partly by his desperate need for money , and partly by a wish for revenge on Murray and others by whom he felt slighted . There was a vogue for what was called " silver-fork fiction " — novels depicting aristocratic life , usually by anonymous authors , read by the aspirational middle classes . Disraeli 's first novel , Vivian Grey , published anonymously in four volumes in 1826-27 , was a thinly veiled re-telling of the affair of The Representative . It sold well , but caused much offence in influential circles when the authorship was discovered . Disraeli , then just 23 , did not move in high society , as the numerous solecisms in his book made obvious . Reviewers were sharply critical on these grounds of both the author and the book . Murray and Lockhart , men of great influence in literary circles , believed that Disraeli had caricatured them and abused their confidence—an accusation denied by the author but repeated by many of his biographers . In later editions Disraeli made many changes , softening his satire , but the damage to his reputation proved long-lasting . Disraeli 's biographer Jonathan Parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that Disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " He had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " He was still living with his parents in London , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , Isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before Disraeli sought wider horizons . 1830-1837 Together with his sister 's fiancé , William Meredith , Disraeli travelled widely in southern Europe and beyond in 1830-31 . The trip was financed partly by another high society novel , The Young Duke , written in 1829-30 . The tour was cut short suddenly by Meredith 's death from smallpox in Cairo in July 1831 . Despite this tragedy , and the need for treatment for a sexually transmitted disease on his return , Disraeli felt enriched by his experiences . He became , in Parry 's words , " aware of values that seemed denied to his insular countrymen . The journey encouraged his self-consciousness , his moral relativism , and his interest in Eastern racial and religious attitudes . " Blake regards the tour as one of the formative experiences of Disraeli 's career : " he impressions that it made on him were life-lasting . They conditioned his attitude toward some of the most important political problems which faced him in his later years— especially the Eastern Question ; they also coloured many of his novels . " Disraeli wrote two novels in the aftermath of the tour . Contarini Fleming ( 1832 ) was avowedly a self-portrait . It is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and Mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . As Parry observes , the book ends on a political note , setting out Europe 's progress " from feudal to federal principles " . The Wondrous Tale of Alroy the following year portrayed the problems of a medieval Jew in deciding between a small , exclusively Jewish state and a large empire embracing all . Two men and two women Friends and allies of Disraeli in the 1830s : clockwise from top left — Croker , Lyndhurst , Henrietta Sykes and Lady Londonderry After these novels were published , Disraeli declared that he would " write no more about myself " . He had already turned his attention to politics in 1832 , during the great crisis over the Reform Bill . He contributed to an anti- Whig pamphlet edited by John Wilson Croker and published by Murray entitled England and France : or a cure for Ministerial Gallomania . The choice of a Tory publication was regarded as strange by Disraeli 's friends and relatives , who thought him more of a Radical . Indeed , he had objected to Murray about Croker 's inserting " high Tory " sentiment : Disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of Reform can issue from my pen . " Moreover , at the time Gallomania was published , Disraeli was electioneering in High Wycombe in the Radical interest . Disraeli 's politics at the time were influenced both by his rebellious streak and his desire to make his mark . At that time , British politics were dominated by the aristocracy , with a few powerful commoners . The Whigs derived from the coalition of Lords who had forced through the Bill of Rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . The Tories tended to support King and Church and sought to thwart political change . A small number of Radicals , generally from northern constituencies , were the strongest advocates of continuing reform . In the early 1830s the Tories and the interests they represented appeared to be a lost cause . The other great party , the Whigs , were anathema to Disraeli : " Toryism is worn out & I cannot condescend to be a Whig . " There was a by-election and a general election in 1832 ; Disraeli unsuccessfully stood as a Radical at High Wycombe in each . Disraeli 's political views embraced certain Radical policies , particularly electoral reform , and also some Tory ones , including protectionism . He began to move in Tory circles . In 1834 he was introduced to the former Lord Chancellor , Lord Lyndhurst , by Henrietta Sykes , wife of Sir Francis Sykes . She was having an affair with Lyndhurst and began another with Disraeli . Disraeli and Lyndhurst took an immediate liking to each other . Lyndhurst was an indiscreet gossip with a fondness for intrigue ; this appealed greatly to Disraeli , who became his secretary and go-between . In 1835 Disraeli stood for the last time as a Radical , again unsuccessfully contesting High Wycombe . Two men of Victorian appearance Opponents of Disraeli : O' Connell and Labouchere In April 1835 , Disraeli fought a by-election at Taunton as a Tory candidate . The Irish MP Daniel O'Connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought Disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at Taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to Disraeli as : a reptile ... just fit now , after being twice discarded by the people , to become a Conservative . He possesses all the necessary requisites of perfidy , selfishness , depravity , want of principle , etc. , which would qualify him for the change . His name shows that he is of Jewish origin . I do not use it as a term of reproach ; there are many most respectable Jews . But there are , as in every other people , some of the lowest and most disgusting grade of moral turpitude ; and of those I look upon Mr . Disraeli as the worst . Disraeli 's public exchanges with O'Connell , extensively reproduced in The Times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old O'Connell 's son ( which resulted in Disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that O'Connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . Disraeli was highly gratified by the dispute , which propelled him to general public notice for the first time . He did not defeat the incumbent Whig member , Henry Labouchere , but the Taunton constituency was regarded as unwinnable by the Tories . Disraeli kept Labouchere 's majority down to 170 , a good showing that put him in line for a winnable seat in the near future . With Lyndhurst 's encouragement Disraeli turned to writing propaganda for his newly adopted party . His Vindication of the English Constitution , was published in December 1835 . It was couched in the form of an open letter to Lyndhurst , and in Bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that Disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of Tory policies . The following year he wrote a series of satires on politicians of the day , which he published in The Times under the pen-name " Runnymede " . His targets included the Whigs , collectively and individually , Irish nationalists , and political corruption . One essay ended : The English nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering Papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the Peers . The House of Lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the Whig oligarchs , their tools the Dissenters , and their masters the Irish priests . In the mean time , the Whigs bawl that there is a " collision ! " It is true there is a collision , but it is not a collision between the Lords and the People , but between the Ministers and the Constitution . Disraeli was elected to the exclusively Tory Carlton Club in 1836 , and was also taken up by the party 's leading hostess , Lady Londonderry . In June 1837 William IV died , the young Queen Victoria succeeded him , and parliament was dissolved . On the recommendation of the Carlton Club , Disraeli was adopted as a Tory parliamentary candidate at the ensuing general election . Parliament Back-bencher In the election in July 1837 , Disraeli won a seat in the House of Commons as one of two members , both Tory , for the constituency of Maidstone . The other was Wyndham Lewis , who helped finance Disraeli 's election campaign , and who died the following year . In the same year Disraeli published a novel , Henrietta Temple , which was a love story and social comedy , drawing on his affair with Henrietta Sykes . He had broken off the relationship in late 1836 , distraught that she had taken yet another lover . His other novel of this period is Venetia , a romance based on the characters of Shelley and Byron , written quickly to raise much-needed money . Disraeli made his maiden speech in Parliament on 7 December 1837 . He followed O'Connell , whom he sharply criticised for the latter 's " long , rambling , jumbling , speech " . He was shouted down by O'Connell 's supporters . After this unpromising start Disraeli kept a low profile for the rest of the parliamentary session . He was a loyal supporter of the party leader Sir Robert Peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the Chartist movement that most Tories did not share . A portrait of a young woman with elaborately styled brown hair , tied up with a blue bow Mary Anne Lewis c. 1820-30 In 1839 Disraeli married Mary Anne Lewis , the widow of Wyndham Lewis . Twelve years Disraeli 's senior , Mary Lewis had a substantial income of £5,000 a year . His motives were generally assumed to be mercenary , but the couple came to cherish one another , remaining close until she died more than three decades later . " Dizzy married me for my money " , his wife said later , " But , if he had the chance again , he would marry me for love . " Finding the financial demands of his Maidstone seat too much , Disraeli secured a Tory nomination for Shrewsbury , winning one of the constituency 's two seats at the 1841 general election , despite serious opposition , and heavy debts which opponents seized on . The election was a massive defeat for the Whigs across the country , and Peel became prime minister . Disraeli hoped , unrealistically , for ministerial office . Though disappointed at being left on the back benches , he continued his support for Peel in 1842 and 1843 , seeking to establish himself as an expert on foreign affairs and international trade . Although a Tory ( or Conservative , as some in the party now called themselves ) Disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of Chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . After Disraeli won widespread acclaim in March 1842 for worsting Lord Palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new Tory MPs , with whom he formed the Young England group . They held that the landed interests should use their power to protect the poor from exploitation by middle-class businessmen . Disraeli hoped to forge a paternalistic Tory-Radical alliance , but he was unsuccessful . Before the Reform Act 1867 , the working class did not possess the vote and therefore had little political power . Although Disraeli forged a personal friendship with John Bright , a leading Radical , Disraeli was unable to persuade Bright to sacrifice his distinct position for parliamentary advancement . When Disraeli attempted to secure a Tory-Radical cabinet in 1852 , Bright refused . Four men Clockwise from top left : Bright , Peel , Bentinck and Stanley Disraeli gradually became a sharp critic of Peel 's government , often deliberately taking contrary positions . The young MP attacked his leader as early as 1843 . However , the best known of these stances were over the Maynooth Grant in 1845 and the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 . The President of the Board of Trade , William Gladstone , resigned from the cabinet over the Maynooth Grant . The Corn Laws imposed a tariff on imported wheat , protecting British farmers from foreign competition , but making the cost of bread artificially high . Peel hoped that the repeal of the Corn Laws and the resultant influx of cheaper wheat into Britain would relieve the condition of the poor , and in particular the Great Famine caused by successive failure of potato crops in Ireland . The first months of 1846 were dominated by a battle in Parliament between the free traders and the protectionists over the repeal of the Corn Laws , with the latter rallying around Disraeli and Lord George Bentinck . An alliance of free-trade Conservatives ( the " Peelites " ) , Radicals , and Whigs carried repeal , and the Conservative Party split : the Peelites moved towards the Whigs , while a " new " Conservative Party formed around the protectionists , led by Disraeli , Bentinck , and Lord Stanley ( later Lord Derby ) . The split in the Tory party over the repeal of the Corn Laws had profound implications for Disraeli 's political career : almost every Tory politician with experience of office followed Peel , leaving the rump bereft of leadership . In Blake 's words , " found himself almost the only figure on his side capable of putting up the oratorical display essential for a parliamentary leader . " The Duke of Argyll wrote that Disraeli " was like a subaltern in a great battle where every superior officer was killed or wounded " . If the Tory Party could muster the electoral support necessary to form a government , then Disraeli now seemed to be guaranteed high office , but with a group of men who possessed little or no official experience and who , as a group , remained personally hostile to Disraeli . In the event the Tory split soon had the party out of office , not regaining power until 1852 . The Conservatives would not again have a majority in the House of Commons until 1874 . Bentinck and the leadership Peel successfully steered the repeal of the Corn Laws through Parliament and was then defeated by an alliance of his enemies on the issue of Irish law and order ; he resigned in June 1846 . The Tories remained split , and the Queen sent for Lord John Russell , the Whig leader . In the 1847 general election , Disraeli stood , successfully , for the Buckinghamshire constituency . The new House of Commons had more Conservative than Whig members , but the depth of the Tory schism enabled Russell to continue to govern . The Conservatives were led by Bentinck in the Commons and Stanley in the Lords . Four men Clockwise from top left : Russell , Rothschild , Manners and Granby In 1847 a small political crisis removed Bentinck from the leadership and highlighted Disraeli 's differences with his own party . In that year 's general election , Lionel de Rothschild had been returned for the City of London . As a practising Jew he could not take the oath of allegiance in the prescribed Christian form , and therefore could not take his seat . Lord John Russell , the Whig leader who had succeeded Peel as prime minister , proposed in the Commons that the oath should be amended to permit Jews to enter Parliament . Disraeli spoke in favour of the measure , arguing that Christianity was " completed Judaism " , and asking the House of Commons " Where is your Christianity if you do not believe in their Judaism ? " Russell and Disraeli 's future rival Gladstone thought this brave ; the speech was badly received by his own party . The Tories and the Anglican establishment were hostile to the bill . With the exception of Disraeli , every member of the future protectionist cabinet then in Parliament voted against the measure . The measure was voted down . In the aftermath of the debate Bentinck resigned the leadership and was succeeded by Lord Granby ; Disraeli 's speech , thought by many of his own party to be blasphemous , ruled him out for the time being . While these intrigues played out , Disraeli was working with the Bentinck family to secure the necessary financing to purchase Hughenden Manor , in Buckinghamshire . The possession of a country house and incumbency of a county constituency were regarded as essential for a Tory with leadership ambitions . Disraeli and his wife alternated between Hughenden and several homes in London for the rest of their marriage . The negotiations were complicated by Bentinck 's sudden death on 21 September 1848 , but Disraeli obtained a loan of £25,000 from Bentinck 's brothers Lord Henry Bentinck and Lord Titchfield . Within a month of his appointment Granby resigned the leadership in the Commons and the party functioned without a leader in the Commons for the rest of the session . At the start of the next session , affairs were handled by a triumvirate of Granby , Disraeli , and John Charles Herries— indicative of the tension between Disraeli and the rest of the party , who needed his talents but mistrusted him . This confused arrangement ended with Granby 's resignation in 1851 ; Disraeli effectively ignored the two men regardless . Chancellor of the Exchequer First Derby government Main article : Who ? Who ? ministry A stately-looking gentleman in a dark suit , sitting with a book The Earl of Derby , Prime Minister 1852 , 1858-59 , 1866-68 In March 1851 , Lord John Russell 's government was defeated over a bill to equalise the county and borough franchises , mostly because of divisions among his supporters . He resigned , and the Queen sent for Stanley , who felt that a minority government could do little and would not last long , so Russell remained in office . Disraeli regretted this , hoping for an opportunity , however brief , to show himself capable in office . Stanley , in contrast , deprecated his inexperienced followers as a reason for not assuming office : " These are not names I can put before the Queen . " At the end of June 1851 , Stanley succeeded to the title of Earl of Derby . The Whigs were wracked by internal dissensions during the second half of 1851 , much of which Parliament spent in recess . Russell dismissed Lord Palmerston from the cabinet , leaving the latter determined to deprive the Prime Minister of office . Palmerston did so within weeks of Parliament 's reassembly on 4 February 1852 , his followers combining with Disraeli 's Tories to defeat the government on a Militia Bill , and Russell resigned . Derby had either to take office or risk damage to his reputation , and he accepted the Queen 's commission as prime minister . Palmerston declined any office ; Derby had hoped to have him as Chancellor of the Exchequer . Disraeli , his closest ally , was his second choice and accepted , though disclaiming any great knowledge in the financial field . Gladstone refused to join the government . Disraeli may have been attracted to the office by the £5,000 annual salary , which would help pay his debts . Few of the new cabinet had held office before ; when Derby tried to inform the Duke of Wellington of the names of the ministers , the old Duke , who was somewhat deaf , inadvertently branded the new government by incredulously repeating " Who ? Who ? " In the following weeks , Disraeli served as Leader of the House ( with Derby as prime minister in the Lords ) and as Chancellor . He wrote regular reports on proceedings in the Commons to Victoria , who described them as " very curious " and " much in the style of his books " . Parliament was prorogued on 1 July 1852 as the Tories could not govern for long as a minority ; Disraeli hoped that they would gain a majority of about 40 . Instead , the election later that month had no clear winner , and the Derby government held to power pending the meeting of Parliament . Budget Disraeli 's task as Chancellor was to devise a budget which would satisfy the protectionist elements who supported the Tories , without uniting the free-traders against it . His proposed budget , which he presented to the Commons on 3 December , lowered the taxes on malt and tea , provisions designed to appeal to the working class . To make his budget revenue-neutral , as funds were needed to provide defences against the French , he doubled the house tax and continued the income tax . Disraeli 's overall purpose was to enact policies which would benefit the working classes , making his party more attractive to them . Although the budget did not contain protectionist features , the Opposition was prepared to destroy it— and Disraeli 's career as Chancellor—in part out of revenge for his actions against Peel in 1846 . MP Sidney Herbert predicted that the budget would fail because " Jews make no converts " . A middle-aged man in Victorian clothes Gladstone in the 1850s Disraeli delivered the budget on 3 December 1852 , and prepared to wind up the debate for the government on 16 December—it was customary for the Chancellor to have the last word . A massive defeat for the government was predicted . Disraeli attacked his opponents individually , and then as a force : " I face a Coalition ... This , too , I know , that England does not love coalitions . " His speech of three hours was quickly seen as a parliamentary masterpiece . As MPs prepared to divide , Gladstone rose to his feet and began an angry speech , despite the efforts of Tory MPs to shout him down . The interruptions were fewer , as Gladstone gained control of the House , and in the next two hours painted a picture of Disraeli as frivolous and his budget as subversive . The government was defeated by 19 votes , and Derby resigned four days later . He was replaced by the Peelite Earl of Aberdeen , with Gladstone as his Chancellor . Because of Disraeli 's unpopularity among the Peelites , no party reconciliation was possible while he remained Tory leader in the Commons . Opposition With the fall of the government , Disraeli and the Conservatives returned to the Opposition benches . Disraeli would spend three-quarters of his 44-year parliamentary career in Opposition . Derby was reluctant to seek to unseat the government , fearing a repetition of the Who ? Who ? Ministry and knowing that shared dislike of Disraeli was part of what had formed the governing coalition . Disraeli , on the other hand , was anxious to return to office . In the interim , Disraeli , as Conservative leader in the Commons , opposed the government on all major measures . In June 1853 Disraeli was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Oxford . He had been recommended for it by Lord Derby , the university 's Chancellor . The start of the Crimean War in 1854 caused a lull in party politics ; Disraeli spoke patriotically in support . The British military efforts were marked by bungling , and in 1855 a restive Parliament considered a resolution to establish a committee on the conduct of the war . The Aberdeen government made this a motion of confidence ; Disraeli led the Opposition to defeat the government , 305 to 148 . Aberdeen resigned , and the Queen sent for Derby , who to Disraeli 's frustration refused to take office . Palmerston was deemed essential to any Whig ministry , and he would not join any he did not head . The Queen reluctantly asked Palmerston to form a government . Under Palmerston , the war went better , and was ended by the Treaty of Paris in early 1856 . Disraeli was early to call for peace but had little influence on events . When a rebellion broke out in India in 1857 , Disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the British East India Company . After peace was restored , and Palmerston in early 1858 brought in legislation for direct rule of India by the Crown , Disraeli opposed it . Many Conservative MPs refused to follow him , and the bill passed the Commons easily . Palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the Orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the French Emperor Napoleon III by an Italian revolutionary with a bomb made in Birmingham . At the request of the French ambassador , Palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . He was defeated by 19 votes on the second reading , with many Liberals crossing the aisle against him . He immediately resigned , and Lord Derby returned to office . Second Derby government Main article : Second Derby-Disraeli ministry Derby took office at the head of a purely " Conservative " administration , not in coalition . He again offered a place to Gladstone , who declined . Disraeli was once more leader of the House of Commons and returned to the Exchequer . As in 1852 , Derby led a minority government , dependent on the division of its opponents for survival . As Leader of the House , Disraeli resumed his regular reports to Queen Victoria , who had requested that he include what she " could not meet in newspapers " . During its brief life of just over a year , the Derby government proved moderately progressive . The Government of India Act 1858 ended the role of the East India Company in governing the subcontinent . The Thames Purification Bill funded the construction of much larger sewers for London . Disraeli had supported efforts to allow Jews to sit in Parliament with a bill passed through the Commons allowing each house of Parliament to determine what oaths its members should take . This was grudgingly agreed to by the House of Lords , with a minority of Conservatives joining with the Opposition to pass it . In 1858 , Baron Lionel de Rothschild became the first MP to profess the Jewish faith . Faced with a vacancy , Disraeli and Derby tried yet again to bring Gladstone , still nominally a Conservative MP , into the government , hoping to strengthen it . Disraeli wrote a personal letter to Gladstone , asking him to place the good of the party above personal animosity : " Every man performs his office , and there is a Power , greater than ourselves , that disposes of all this . " In response , Gladstone denied that personal feelings played any role in his decisions then and previously whether to accept office , while acknowledging that there were differences between him and Derby " broader than you may have supposed " . The Tories pursued a Reform Bill in 1859 , which would have resulted in a modest increase to the franchise . The Liberals were healing the breaches between those who favoured Russell and the Palmerston loyalists , and in late March 1859 , the government was defeated on a Russell-sponsored amendment . Derby dissolved Parliament , and the ensuing general election resulted in modest Tory gains , but not enough to control the Commons . When Parliament assembled , Derby 's government was defeated by 13 votes on an amendment to the Address from the Throne . He resigned , and the Queen reluctantly sent for Palmerston again . Opposition and third term as Chancellor Main article : Third Derby-Disraeli ministry After Derby 's second ejection from office , Disraeli faced dissension within Conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to Derby— the former prime minister warned Disraeli of some MPs seeking his removal from the front bench . Among the conspirators were Lord Robert Cecil , a Conservative MP who would a quarter century later become prime minister as Lord Salisbury ; he wrote that having Disraeli as leader in the Commons decreased the Conservatives ' chance of holding office . When Cecil 's father objected , Lord Robert stated , " I have merely put into print what all the country gentlemen were saying in private . " A young man with dark hair and huge sideburns Lord Robert Cecil , Disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor Disraeli led a toothless Opposition in the Commons—seeing no way of unseating Palmerston , Derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . Disraeli kept himself informed on foreign affairs , and on what was going on in cabinet , thanks to a source within it . When the American Civil War began in 1861 , Disraeli said little publicly , but like most Englishmen expected the South to win . Less reticent were Palmerston , Gladstone , and Russell , whose statements in support of the South contributed to years of hard feelings in the United States . In 1862 , Disraeli met Prussian Count Otto von Bismarck and said of him , " be careful about that man , he means what he says " . The party truce ended in 1864 , with Tories outraged over Palmerston 's handling of the territorial dispute between the German Confederation and Denmark known as the Schleswig-Holstein Question . Disraeli had little help from Derby , who was ill , but he united the party enough on a no-confidence vote to limit the government to a majority of 18— Tory defections and absentees kept Palmerston in office . Despite rumours about Palmerston 's health as he turned 80 , he remained personally popular , and the Liberals increased their margin in the July 1865 general election . In the wake of the poor election results , Derby predicted to Disraeli that neither of them would ever hold office again . Political plans were thrown into disarray by Palmerston 's death on 18 October 1865 . Russell became prime minister again , with Gladstone clearly the Liberal Party 's leader-in-waiting , and as Leader of the House Disraeli 's direct opponent . One of Russell 's early priorities was a Reform Bill , but the proposed legislation that Gladstone announced on 12 March 1866 divided his party . The Conservatives and the dissident Liberals repeatedly attacked Gladstone 's bill , and in June finally defeated the government ; Russell resigned on 26 June . The dissidents were unwilling to serve under Disraeli in the House of Commons , and Derby formed a third Conservative minority government , with Disraeli again as Chancellor . Tory Democrat : the 1867 Reform Act It was Disraeli 's belief that if given the vote British people would use it instinctively to put their natural and traditional rulers , the gentlemen of the Conservative Party , into power . Responding to renewed agitation for popular suffrage , Disraeli persuaded a majority of the cabinet to agree to a Reform bill . With what Derby cautioned was " a leap in the dark " , Disraeli had outflanked the Liberals who , as the supposed champions of Reform , dared not oppose him . In the absence of a credible party rival and for fear of having an election called on the issue , Conservatives felt obliged to support Disraeli despite their misgivings . There were Tory dissenters , most notably Lord Cranborne ( as Robert Cecil was by then known ) who resigned from the government and spoke against the bill , accusing Disraeli of " a political betrayal which has no parallel in our Parliamentary annals " . Even as Disraeli accepted Liberal amendments ( although pointedly refusing those moved by Gladstone ) that further lowered the property qualification , Cranborne was unable to lead an effective rebellion . Disraeli gained wide acclaim and became a hero to his party for the " marvellous parliamentary skill " with which he secured the passage of Reform in the Commons . From the Liberal benches too there was admiration . MP for Nottingham Bernal Ostborne declared : I have always thought the Chancellor of Exchequer was the greatest Radical in the House . He has achieved what no other man in the country could have done . He has lugged up that great omnibus full of stupid , heavy , country gentlemen--I only say ' stupid ' in the parliamentary sense--and has converted these Conservative into Radical Reformers . The Reform Act 1867 passed that August . It extended the franchise by 938,427 men—an increase of 88% —by giving the vote to male householders and male lodgers paying at least £10 for rooms . It eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as Liverpool and Manchester . Prime Minister ( 1868 ) First term Main articles : First premiership of Benjamin Disraeli and First Disraeli ministry Derby had long had attacks of gout which left him bedbound , unable to deal with politics . As the new session of Parliament approached in February 1868 , he was unable to leave his home but was reluctant to resign , as at 68 he was much younger than either Palmerston or Russell at the end of their premierships . Derby knew that his " attacks of illness would , at no distant period , incapacitate me from the discharge of my public duties " ; doctors had warned him that his health required his resignation . In late February , with Parliament in session and Derby absent , he wrote to Disraeli asking for confirmation that " you will not shrink from the additional heavy responsibility " . Reassured , he wrote to the Queen , resigning and recommending Disraeli as " only he could command the cordial support , en masse , of his present colleagues " . Disraeli went to Osborne House on the Isle of Wight , where the Queen asked him to form a government . The monarch wrote to her daughter , Prussian Crown Princess Victoria , " Mr . Disraeli is Prime Minister ! A proud thing for a man 'risen from the people ' to have obtained ! " The new prime minister told those who came to congratulate him , " I have climbed to the top of the greasy pole . " First government , February-December 1868 Four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes Clockwise from top left : Chelmsford , Cairns , Hunt and Manning The Conservatives remained a minority in the House of Commons and the passage of the Reform Bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . Disraeli 's term as prime minister , which began in February 1868 , would therefore be short unless the Conservatives won the general election . He made only two major changes in the cabinet : he replaced Lord Chelmsford as Lord Chancellor with Lord Cairns and brought in George Ward Hunt as Chancellor of the Exchequer . Derby had intended to replace Chelmsford once a vacancy in a suitable sinecure developed . Disraeli was unwilling to wait , and Cairns , in his view , was a far stronger minister . Disraeli 's first premiership was dominated by the heated debate over the Church of Ireland . Although Ireland was largely Roman Catholic , the Church of England represented most landowners . It remained the established church and was funded by direct taxation , which was greatly resented by the Catholics and Presbyterians . An initial attempt by Disraeli to negotiate with Archbishop Manning the establishment of a Catholic university in Dublin foundered in March when Gladstone moved resolutions to disestablish the Irish Church altogether . The proposal united the Liberals under Gladstone 's leadership , while causing divisions among the Conservatives . The Conservatives remained in office because the new electoral register was not yet ready ; neither party wished a poll under the old roll . Gladstone began using the Liberal majority in the Commons to push through resolutions and legislation . Disraeli 's government survived until the December general election , at which the Liberals were returned to power with a majority . In its short life , the first Disraeli government passed noncontroversial laws . It ended public executions , and the Corrupt Practices Act did much to end electoral bribery . It authorised an early version of nationalisation , having the Post Office buy up the telegraph companies . Amendments to the school law , the Scottish legal system , and the railway laws were passed . In addition , the Public Health ( Scotland ) Act instituted sanitary inspectors and medical officers . According to one study , " better sanitation was enforced throughout Scotland . " Disraeli sent the successful expedition against Tewodros II of Ethiopia under Sir Robert Napier . Opposition leader ; 1874 election Disraeli circa 1870 Given Gladstone 's majority in the Commons , Disraeli could do little but protest as the government advanced legislation ; he chose to await Liberal mistakes . He used this leisure time to write a new novel , Lothair ( 1870 ) . A work of fiction by a former prime minister was a novelty for Britain , and the book became a bestseller . By 1872 there was dissent in the Conservative ranks over the failure to challenge Gladstone . This was quieted as Disraeli took steps to assert his leadership , and as divisions among the Liberals became clear . Public support for Disraeli was shown by cheering at a thanksgiving service in 1872 on the recovery of the Prince of Wales from illness , while Gladstone was met with silence . Disraeli had supported the efforts of party manager John Eldon Gorst to put the administration of the Conservative Party on a modern basis . On Gorst 's advice , Disraeli gave a speech to a mass meeting in Manchester that year . To roaring approval , he compared the Liberal front bench to " a range of exhausted volcanoes... But the situation is still dangerous . There are occasional earthquakes and ever and again the dark rumbling of the sea . " Gladstone , Disraeli stated , dominated the scene and " alternated between a menace and a sigh " . At his first departure from 10 Downing Street in 1868 , Disraeli had Victoria make his wife Mary Anne Viscountess Beaconsfield in her own right in lieu of a peerage for himself . Through 1872 the eighty-year-old peeress had stomach cancer . She died on 15 December . Urged by a clergyman to turn her thoughts to Jesus Christ in her final days , she said she could not : " You know Dizzy is my J.C. " In 1873 , Gladstone brought forward legislation to establish a Catholic university in Dublin . This divided the Liberals , and on 12 March an alliance of Conservatives and Irish Catholics defeated the government by three votes . Gladstone resigned , and the Queen sent for Disraeli , who refused to take office . Without a general election , a Conservative government would be another minority ; Disraeli wanted the power a majority would bring and felt he could gain it later by leaving the Liberals in office now . Gladstone 's government struggled on , beset by scandal and unimproved by a reshuffle . As part of that change , Gladstone took on the office of Chancellor , leading to questions as to whether he had to stand for re-election on taking on a second ministry— until the 1920s , MPs becoming ministers had to seek re-election . In January 1874 , Gladstone called a general election , convinced that if he waited longer , he would do worse at the polls . Balloting was spread over two weeks , beginning on 1 February . As the constituencies voted , it became clear that the result would be a Conservative majority , the first since 1841 . In Scotland , where the Conservatives were perennially weak , they increased from seven seats to nineteen . Overall , they won 350 seats to 245 for the Liberals and 57 for the Irish Home Rule League . Disraeli became prime minister for the second time . Prime Minister ( 1874-1880 ) Second term Main articles : Second premiership of Benjamin Disraeli and Second Disraeli ministry Two gentlemen , the second bearded Derby ( top ) and Northcote Disraeli 's cabinet of twelve , with six peers and six commoners , was the smallest since Reform . Of the peers , five of them had been in Disraeli 's 1868 cabinet ; the sixth , Lord Salisbury , was reconciled to Disraeli after negotiation and became Secretary of State for India . Lord Stanley ( who had succeeded his father , the former prime minister , as Earl of Derby ) became Foreign Secretary and Sir Stafford Northcote the Chancellor . In August 1876 , Disraeli was elevated to the House of Lords as Earl of Beaconsfield and Viscount Hughenden . The Queen had offered to ennoble him as early as 1868 ; he had then declined . She did so again in 1874 , when he fell ill at Balmoral , but he was reluctant to leave the Commons for a house in which he had no experience . Continued ill health during his second premiership caused him to contemplate resignation , but his lieutenant , Derby , was unwilling , feeling that he could not manage the Queen . For Disraeli , the Lords , where the debate was less intense , was the alternative to resignation . Five days before the end of the 1876 session of Parliament , on 11 August , Disraeli was seen to linger and look around the chamber before departing . Newspapers reported his ennoblement the following morning . In addition to the viscounty bestowed on Mary Anne Disraeli , the earldom of Beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on Edmund Burke in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . The name Beaconsfield , a town near Hughenden , was given to a minor character in Vivian Grey . Disraeli made various statements about his elevation , writing to Selina , Lady Bradford on 8 August 1876 , " I am quite tired of that place " but when asked by a friend how he liked the Lords , replied , " I am dead ; dead but in the Elysian fields . " Domestic policy Legislation Under the stewardship of Richard Assheton Cross , the Home Secretary , Disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the Artisans ' and Labourers ' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . Also enacted were the Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict . c. 63 ) , and the Elementary Education Act 1876 ( 39 & 40 Vict . c. 70 ) . Disraeli 's government introduced a new Factory Act meant to protect workers , the Conspiracy , and Protection of Property Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the Employers and Workmen Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . The Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . The Employers and Workmen Act 1875 , according to one study , " finally placed employers and employed on an equal footing before the law " . The Conspiracy , and Protection of Property Act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . As a result of these social reforms the Liberal-Labour MP Alexander Macdonald told his constituents in 1879 , " The Conservative party have done more for the working classes in five years than the Liberals have in fifty . " Civil Service Disraeli 's failure to appoint Samuel Wilberforce as Bishop of London may have cost him votes in the 1868 election . Gladstone in 1870 had sponsored an Order in Council , introducing competitive examination into the Civil Service , diminishing the political aspects of government hiring . Disraeli did not agree , and while he did not seek to reverse the order , his actions often frustrated its intent . For example , Disraeli made political appointments to positions previously given to career civil servants . He was backed by his party , hungry for office and its emoluments after almost thirty years with only brief spells in government . Disraeli gave positions to hard-up Conservative leaders , even—to Gladstone 's outrage— creating one office at £2,000 per year . Nevertheless , Disraeli made fewer peers ( only 22 , including one of Victoria 's sons ) than had Gladstone ( 37 during his just over five years in office ) . As he had in government posts , Disraeli rewarded old friends with clerical positions , making Sydney Turner , son of a good friend of Isaac D' Israeli , Dean of Ripon . He favoured Low church clergymen in promotion , disliking other movements in Anglicanism for political reasons . In this , he came into disagreement with the Queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband Albert preferred Broad church teachings . One controversial appointment had occurred shortly before the 1868 election . When the position of Archbishop of Canterbury fell vacant , Disraeli reluctantly agreed to the Queen 's preferred candidate , Archibald Tait , the Bishop of London . To fill Tait 's vacant see , Disraeli was urged by many people to appoint Samuel Wilberforce , the former Bishop of Winchester . Disraeli disliked Wilberforce and instead appointed John Jackson , the Bishop of Lincoln . Blake suggested that , on balance , these appointments cost Disraeli more votes than they gained him . Foreign policy Disraeli always considered foreign affairs to be the most critical and interesting part of statesmanship . Nevertheless , his biographer Robert Blake doubts that his subject had specific ideas about foreign policy when he took office in 1874 . He had rarely travelled abroad ; since his youthful tour of the Middle East in 1830-1831 , he had left Britain only for his honeymoon and three visits to Paris , the last of which was in 1856 . As he had criticised Gladstone for a do-nothing foreign policy , he most probably contemplated what actions would reassert Britain 's place in Europe . His brief first premiership , and the first year of his second , gave him little opportunity to make his mark in foreign affairs . Suez Portrait of Disraeli published in 1873 Refer to caption New Crowns for Old depicts Disraeli as Abanazar from the pantomime Aladdin , offering Victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . Disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an Imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on Queen Victoria the title " Empress of India " . The Suez Canal , opened in 1869 , cut weeks and thousands of miles off the sea journey between Britain and India ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships using the canal were British . In the event of another rebellion in India or a Russian invasion , the time saved at Suez might be crucial . Built by French interests , 56 % of the stocks in the canal remained in their hands , while 44 % of the stock belonged to Isma 'il Pasha , the Khedive of Egypt . He was notorious for his profligate spending . The canal was losing money , and an attempt by Ferdinand de Lesseps , builder of the canal , to raise the tolls had fallen through when the Khedive had threatened military force to prevent it , and had also attracted Disraeli 's attention . The Khedive governed Egypt under the Ottoman Empire ; as in the Crimea , the issue of the Canal raised the Eastern Question of what to do about the decaying empire governed from Constantinople . With much of the pre-canal trade and communications between Britain and India passing through the Ottoman Empire , Britain had done its best to prop up the Ottomans against the threat that Russia would take Constantinople , cutting those communications , and giving Russian ships unfettered access to the Mediterranean . The French might also threaten those lines . Britain had had the opportunity to purchase shares in the canal but had declined to do so . Disraeli sent the Liberal MP Nathan Rothschild to Paris to enquire about buying de Lesseps 's shares . On 14 November 1875 , the editor of the Pall Mall Gazette , Frederick Greenwood , learned from London banker Henry Oppenheim that the Khedive was seeking to sell his shares in the Suez Canal Company to a French firm . Greenwood quickly told Lord Derby , the Foreign Secretary , who notified Disraeli . The Prime Minister moved immediately to secure the shares . On 23 November , the Khedive offered to sell the shares for 100,000,000 francs . Rather than seek the aid of the Bank of England , Disraeli borrowed funds from Lionel de Rothschild , who took a commission on the deal . The banker 's capital was at risk as Parliament could have refused to ratify the transaction . The contract for purchase was signed at Cairo on 25 November and the shares deposited at the British consulate the following day . Disraeli told the Queen , " it is settled ; you have it , madam ! " The public saw the venture as a daring statement of British dominance of the seas . Sir Ian Malcolm described the Suez Canal share purchase as " the greatest romance of Mr . Disraeli 's romantic career " . In the following decades , the security of the Suez Canal became a major concern of British foreign policy . Under Gladstone , Britain took control of Egypt in 1882 . A later Foreign Secretary , Lord Curzon , described the canal in 1909 as " the determining influence of every considerable movement of British power to the east and south of the Mediterranean " . Royal Titles Act Main article : Royal Titles Act 1876 Although initially curious about Disraeli when he entered Parliament in 1837 , Victoria came to detest him over his treatment of Peel . Over time , her dislike softened , especially as Disraeli took pains to cultivate her . He told Matthew Arnold , " Everybody likes flattery ; and , when you come to royalty , you should lay it on with a trowel " . Disraeli 's biographer , Adam Kirsch , suggests that Disraeli 's obsequious treatment of his queen was part flattery , part belief that this was how a queen should be addressed by a loyal subject , and part awe that a middle-class man of Jewish birth should be the companion of a monarch . By the time of his second premiership , Disraeli had built a strong relationship with Victoria , probably closer to her than any of her prime ministers except her first , Lord Melbourne . When Disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to Richard Aldous in his book on the rivalry between Disraeli and Gladstone , " Victoria and Disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " Victoria had long wished to have an imperial title , reflecting Britain 's expanding domain . She was irked when Tsar Alexander II held a higher rank than her as an emperor , and was appalled that her daughter , the Prussian Crown Princess , would outrank her when her husband came to the throne . She also saw an imperial title as proclaiming Britain 's increased stature in the world . The title " Empress of India " had been used informally for some time and she wished to have that title formally bestowed on her . The Queen prevailed upon Disraeli to introduce a Royal Titles Bill , and also told of her intent to open Parliament in person , which during this time she did only when she wanted something from legislators . Disraeli was cautious in response , as careful soundings of MPs brought a negative reaction , and he declined to place such a proposal in the Queen 's Speech . Once the desired bill was finally prepared , Disraeli 's handling of it was not adept . He neglected to notify either the Prince of Wales or the Opposition and was met by irritation from the prince and a full-scale attack from the Liberals . An old enemy of Disraeli , former Liberal Chancellor Robert Lowe , alleged during the debate in the Commons that two previous prime ministers had refused to introduce such legislation for the Queen . Gladstone immediately stated that he was not one of them , and the Queen gave Disraeli leave to quote her saying she had never approached a prime minister with such a proposal . According to Blake , Disraeli " in a brilliant oration of withering invective proceeded to destroy Lowe " , who apologised and never held office again . Disraeli said of Lowe that he was the only person in London with whom he would not shake hands : " he is in the mud and there I leave him . " Fearful of losing , Disraeli was reluctant to bring the bill to a vote in the Commons , but when he did it passed with a majority of 75 . Once the bill was formally enacted , Victoria began signing her letters " Victoria R & I " ( Latin : Regina et Imperatrix , Queen and Empress ) . According to Aldous , the bill " shattered Disraeli 's authority in the House of Commons " . Balkans and Bulgaria Cavalry wielding sabres fight men with guns on foot Fight in Bulgaria during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 In July 1875 Serb populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina , then provinces of the Ottoman Empire , revolted against the Turks , alleging religious persecution and poor administration . The following January , Sultan Abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by Hungarian statesman Julius Andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in Serbia and Bulgaria . The Turks suppressed the Bulgarian uprising harshly , and when reports of these actions escaped , Disraeli and Derby stated in Parliament that they did not believe them . Disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the Ottomans since " Oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . Gladstone , who had left the Liberal leadership and retired from public life , was appalled by reports of atrocities in Bulgaria , and in August 1876 , penned a hastily written pamphlet arguing that the Turks should be deprived of Bulgaria because of what they had done there . He sent a copy to Disraeli , who called it " vindictive and ill-written ... of all the Bulgarian horrors perhaps the greatest " . Gladstone 's pamphlet became an immense best-seller and rallied the Liberals to urge that the Ottoman Empire should no longer be a British ally . Disraeli wrote to Lord Salisbury on 3 September , " Had it not been for these unhappy ' atrocities ' , we should have settled a peace very honourable to England and satisfactory to Europe . Now we are obliged to work from a new point of departure , and dictate to Turkey , who has forfeited all sympathy . " In spite of this , Disraeli 's policy favoured Constantinople and Ottoman territorial integrity . Four men International delegates at the Constantinople Conference : clockwise from top left , Saffet Pasha ( Turkey ) , General Ignatieff ( Russia ) , Lord Salisbury ( Britain ) and the Comte de Chaudordy ( France ) Disraeli and the cabinet sent Salisbury as lead British representative to the Constantinople Conference , which met in December 1876 and January 1877 . In advance of the conference , Disraeli sent Salisbury private word to seek British military occupation of Bulgaria and Bosnia , and British control of the Ottoman Army . Salisbury ignored these instructions , which his biographer , Andrew Roberts deemed " ludicrous " . The conference failed to reach agreement with the Turks . Parliament opened in February 1877 , with Disraeli now in the Lords as Earl of Beaconsfield . He spoke only once there in the 1877 session on the Eastern Question , stating on 20 February that there was a need for stability in the Balkans , and that forcing Turkey into territorial concessions would not secure it . The Prime Minister wanted a deal with the Ottomans whereby Britain would temporarily occupy strategic areas to deter the Russians from war , to be returned on the signing of a peace treaty , but found little support in his cabinet , which favoured partition of the Ottoman Empire . As Disraeli , by then in poor health , continued to battle within the cabinet , Russia invaded Turkey on 21 April , beginning the Russo-Turkish War . Congress of Berlin Main article : Congress of Berlin The Russians pushed through Ottoman territory and by December 1877 had captured the strategic Bulgarian town of Plevna . The war divided the British , but the Russian success caused some to forget the atrocities and call for intervention on the Turkish side . Others hoped for further Russian successes . The fall of Plevna was a major story for weeks , and Disraeli 's warnings that Russia was a threat to British interests in the eastern Mediterranean were deemed prophetic . The jingoistic attitude of many Britons increased Disraeli 's political support , and the Queen showed her favour by visiting him at Hughenden — the first time she had visited the country home of her prime minister since the Melbourne ministry . At the end of January 1878 , the Ottoman Sultan appealed to Britain to save Constantinople . Amid war fever in Britain , the government asked Parliament to vote £6,000,000 to prepare the Army and Navy for war . Gladstone opposed the measure , but less than half his party voted with him . Popular opinion was with Disraeli , though some thought him too soft for not immediately declaring war on Russia . A map . See description Bulgaria as constituted under the San Stefano treaty and as divided at Berlin With the Russians close to Constantinople , the Turks yielded and in March 1878 , signed the Treaty of San Stefano , conceding a Bulgarian state covering a large part of the Balkans . It would be initially Russian-occupied and many feared that it would give them a client state close to Constantinople . Other Ottoman possessions in Europe would become independent ; additional territory was to be ceded directly to Russia . This was unacceptable to the British , who protested , hoping to get the Russians to agree to attend an international conference which German Chancellor Bismarck proposed to hold at Berlin . The cabinet discussed Disraeli 's proposal to position Indian troops at Malta for possible transit to the Balkans and call out reserves . Derby resigned in protest , and Disraeli appointed Salisbury as Foreign Secretary . Amid British preparations for war , the Russians and Turks agreed to discussions at Berlin . In advance of the meeting , confidential negotiations took place between Britain and Russia in April and May 1878 . The Russians were willing to make changes to the big Bulgaria , but were determined to retain their new possessions , Bessarabia in Europe and Batum and Kars on the east coast of the Black Sea . To counterbalance this , Britain required a possession in the Eastern Mediterranean where it might base ships and troops and negotiated with the Ottomans for the cession of Cyprus . Once this was secretly agreed , Disraeli was prepared to allow Russia 's territorial gains . Refer to caption Disraeli ( right ) and Salisbury as Knights of the Garter , portrayed by John Tenniel in The Pas de deux ( From the Scène de Triomphe in the Grand Anglo-Turkish Ballet d'Action ) The Congress of Berlin was held in June and July 1878 , the central relationship in it that between Disraeli and Bismarck . In later years , the German chancellor would show visitors to his office three pictures on the wall : " the portrait of my Sovereign , there on the right that of my wife , and on the left , there , that of Lord Beaconsfield " . Disraeli caused an uproar in the congress by making his opening address in English , rather than in French , hitherto accepted as the international language of diplomacy . By one account , the British ambassador in Berlin , Lord Odo Russell , hoping to spare the delegates Disraeli 's very poor French accent , told Disraeli that the congress was hoping to hear a speech in English by one of its masters . Disraeli left much of the detailed work to Salisbury , concentrating his efforts on making it as difficult as possible for the broken-up big Bulgaria to reunite . Disraeli intended that Batum be demilitarised , but the Russians obtained their preferred language , and in 1886 , fortified the town . Nevertheless , the Cyprus Convention ceding the island to Britain was announced during the congress , and again made Disraeli a sensation . Disraeli gained agreement that Turkey should retain enough of its European possessions to safeguard the Dardanelles . By one account , when met with Russian intransigence , Disraeli told his secretary to order a special train to return them home to begin the war . Czar Alexander II later described the congress as " a European coalition against Russia , under Bismarck " . The Treaty of Berlin was signed on 13 July 1878 at the Radziwill Palace in Berlin . Disraeli and Salisbury returned home to heroes ' receptions . At the door of 10 Downing Street , Disraeli received flowers sent by the Queen . There , he told the gathered crowd , " Lord Salisbury and I have brought you back peace— but a peace I hope with honour . " The Queen offered him a dukedom , which he declined , though accepting the Garter , as long as Salisbury also received it . In Berlin , word spread of Bismarck 's admiring description of Disraeli , " Der alte Jude , das ist der Mann ! " In the weeks after Berlin , Disraeli and the cabinet considered calling a general election to capitalise on the public applause he and Salisbury had received . Parliaments were then for a seven-year term , and it was the custom not to go to the country until the sixth year unless forced to by events . Only four and a half years had passed and they did not see any clouds on the horizon that might forecast Conservative defeat if they waited . This decision not to seek re-election has often been cited as a great mistake by Disraeli . Blake , however , pointed out that results in local elections had been moving against the Conservatives , and doubted if Disraeli missed any great opportunity by waiting . Afghanistan to Zululand Main articles : Second Anglo-Afghan War and Anglo-Zulu War A depiction of the Battle of Kandahar , fought in 1880 . Britain 's victory in the Second Anglo-Afghan War proved a boost to Disraeli 's government . As successful invasions of India generally came through Afghanistan , the British had observed and sometimes intervened there since the 1830s , hoping to keep the Russians out . In 1878 the Russians sent a mission to Kabul ; it was not rejected by the Afghans , as the British had hoped . The British proposed to send their own mission , insisting that the Russians be sent away . The Viceroy of India Lord Lytton concealed his plans to issue this ultimatum from Disraeli , and when the Prime Minister insisted he take no action , went ahead anyway . When the Afghans made no answer , Lord Cranbrook as Secretary of State for War , ordered the advance against them in the Second Anglo-Afghan War . Under Lord Roberts , the British easily defeated them and installed a new ruler , leaving a mission and garrison in Kabul . British policy in South Africa was to encourage federation between the British-run Cape Colony and Natal , and the Boer republics , the Transvaal ( annexed by Britain in 1877 ) and the Orange Free State . The governor of Cape Colony , Sir Bartle Frere , believing that the federation could not be accomplished until the native tribes acknowledged British rule , made demands on the Zulu and their king , Cetewayo , which they were certain to reject . As Zulu troops could not marry until they had washed their spears in blood , they were eager for combat . Frere did not send word to the cabinet of what he had done until the ultimatum was about to expire . Disraeli and the cabinet reluctantly backed him , and in early January 1879 resolved to send reinforcements . Before they could arrive , on 22 January , a Zulu impi ( army ) , moving with great speed and endurance , destroyed a British encampment in South Africa in the Battle of Isandlwana . Over a thousand British and colonial troops were killed . Word of the defeat did not reach London until 12 February . Disraeli wrote the next day , " the terrible disaster has shaken me to the centre " . He reprimanded Frere , but left him in charge , attracting fire from all sides . Disraeli sent General Sir Garnet Wolseley as High Commissioner and Commander in Chief , and Cetewayo and the Zulus were crushed at the Battle of Ulundi on 4 July 1879 . On 8 September 1879 Sir Louis Cavagnari , in charge of the mission in Kabul , was killed with his entire staff by rebelling Afghan soldiers . Roberts undertook a successful punitive expedition against the Afghans over the next six weeks. 1880 election Main article : 1880 United Kingdom general election In December 1878 , Gladstone was offered the Liberal nomination for Edinburghshire , a constituency popularly known as Midlothian . The small Scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the Conservative Duke of Buccleuch and the Liberal Earl of Rosebery . The Earl , a friend of both Disraeli and Gladstone who would succeed the latter after his final term as prime minister , had journeyed to the United States to view politics there , and was convinced that aspects of American electioneering techniques could be translated to Britain . On his advice , Gladstone accepted the offer in January 1879 , and later that year began his Midlothian campaign , speaking not only in Edinburgh , but across Britain , attacking Disraeli , to huge crowds . Conservative chances of re-election were damaged by the poor weather , and consequent effects on agriculture . Four consecutive wet summers through 1879 had led to poor harvests . In the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the United States , grain prices remained low . Other European nations , faced with similar circumstances , opted for protection , and Disraeli was urged to reinstitute the Corn Laws . He declined , stating that he regarded the matter as settled . Protection would have been highly unpopular among the newly enfranchised urban working classes , as it would raise their cost of living . Amid an economic slump generally , the Conservatives lost support among farmers . Disraeli 's health continued to fail through 1879 . Owing to his infirmities , Disraeli was 45 minutes late for the Lord Mayor 's Dinner at the Guild hall in November , at which it is customary that the Prime Minister speaks . Though many commented on how healthy he looked , it took him great effort to appear so , and when he told the audience he expected to speak to the dinner again the following year , attendees chuckled . Gladstone was then in the midst of his campaign . Despite his public confidence , Disraeli recognised that the Conservatives would probably lose the next election and was already contemplating his Resignation Honours . Despite this pessimism , Conservatives hopes were buoyed in early 1880 with successes in by-elections the Liberals had expected to win , concluding with victory in Southwark , normally a Liberal stronghold . The cabinet had resolved to wait before dissolving Parliament ; in early March they reconsidered , agreeing to go to the country as soon as possible . Parliament was dissolved on 24 March ; the first borough constituencies began voting a week later . Disraeli took no public part in the electioneering , it being deemed improper for peers to make speeches to influence Commons elections . This meant that the chief Conservatives— Disraeli , Salisbury , and India Secretary Lord Cranbrook— would not be heard from . The election was thought likely to be close . Once returns began to be announced , it became clear that the Conservatives were decisively beaten . The final result gave the Liberals an absolute majority of about 50 . Final months , death , and memorials Disraeli refused to cast blame for the defeat , which he understood was likely to be final for him . He wrote to Lady Bradford that it was just as much work to end a government as to form one , without any of the fun . Queen Victoria was bitter at his departure . Among the honours he arranged before resigning as Prime Minister on 21 April 1880 was one for his private secretary , Montagu Corry , who became Baron Rowton . A death mask resembling Disraeli Disraeli 's death mask A grave Disraeli 's tomb at Hughenden Returning to Hughenden , Disraeli brooded over his electoral dismissal , but also resumed work on Endymion , which he had begun in 1872 and laid aside before the 1874 election . The work was rapidly completed and published by November 1880 . He carried on a correspondence with Victoria , with letters passed through intermediaries . When Parliament met in January 1881 , he served as Conservative leader in the Lords , attempting to serve as a moderating influence on Gladstone 's legislation . Because of his asthma and gout , Disraeli went out as little as possible , fearing more serious episodes of illness . In March , he fell ill with bronchitis , and emerged from bed only for a meeting with Salisbury and other Conservative leaders on the 26th . As it became clear that this might be his final sickness , friends and opponents alike came to call . Disraeli declined a visit from the Queen , saying , " She would only ask me to take a message to Albert . " Almost blind , when he received the last letter from Victoria of which he was aware on 5 April , he held it momentarily , then had it read to him by Lord Barrington , a Privy Councillor . One card , signed " A Workman " , delighted its recipient : " Do n't die yet , we ca n't do without you . " Despite the gravity of Disraeli 's condition , the doctors concocted optimistic bulletins for public consumption . Prime Minister Gladstone called several times to enquire about his rival 's condition , and wrote in his diary , " May the Almighty be near his pillow . " There was intense public interest in Disraeli 's struggles for life . Disraeli had customarily taken the sacrament at Easter ; when this day was observed on 17 April , there was discussion among his friends and family if he should be given the opportunity , but those against , fearing that he would lose hope , prevailed . On the morning of the following day , Easter Monday , he became incoherent , then comatose . Disraeli 's last confirmed words before dying at his home at 19 Curzon Street in the early morning of 19 April were " I had rather live but I am not afraid to die " . The anniversary of Disraeli 's death was for some years commemorated in the United Kingdom as Primrose Day . Despite having been offered a state funeral by Queen Victoria , Disraeli 's executors decided against a public procession and funeral , fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour . The chief mourners at the service at Hughenden on 26 April were his brother Ralph and nephew Coningsby , to whom Hughenden would eventually pass ; Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy , Viscount Cranbrook , despite most of Disraeli 's former cabinet being present , was notably absent in Italy . Queen Victoria was prostrated with grief , and considered ennobling Ralph or Coningsby as a memorial to Disraeli ( without children , his titles became extinct with his death ) , but decided against it on the ground that their means were too small for a peerage . Protocol forbade her attending Disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when Elizabeth II attended the rites for the former prime minister Sir Winston Churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . A statue on a podium Statue of Disraeli in Parliament Square , London Disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the Church of St Michael and All Angels which stands in the grounds of his home , Hughenden Manor . There is also a memorial to him in the chancel in the church , erected in his honour by Queen Victoria . His literary executor was his private secretary , Lord Rowton . The Disraeli vault also contains the body of Sarah Brydges Willyams , the wife of James Brydges Willyams of St Mawgan . Disraeli carried on a long correspondence with Mrs . Willyams , writing frankly about political affairs . At her death in 1865 , she left him a large legacy , which helped clear his debts . His will was proved in April 1882 at £84,019 18 s. 7 d. ( roughly equivalent to £10,705,647 in 2023 ) . Disraeli has a memorial in Westminster Abbey , erected by the nation on the motion of Gladstone in his memorial speech on Disraeli in the House of Commons . Gladstone had absented himself from the funeral , with his plea of the press of public business met with public mockery . His speech was widely anticipated , if only because his dislike for Disraeli was well known . In the event , the speech was a model of its kind , in which he avoided comment on Disraeli 's politics while praising his personal qualities . Legacy Disraeli 's literary and political career interacted over his lifetime and fascinated Victorian Britain , making him " one of the most eminent figures in Victorian public life " , and occasioned a large output of commentary . Critic Shane Leslie noted three decades after his death that " Disraeli 's career was a romance such as no Eastern vizier or Western plutocrat could tell . He began as a pioneer in dress and an aesthete of words ... Disraeli actually made his novels come true . " Literary The cover of a book , entitled " Sybil ; or , the Two Nations " Title page of first edition of Sybil ( 1845 ) Disraeli 's novels are his main literary achievement . They have from the outset divided critical opinion . The writer R. W. Stewart observed that there have always been two criteria for judging Disraeli 's novels— political and artistic . The critic Robert O' Kell , concurring , writes , " It is after all , even if you are a Tory of the staunchest blue , impossible to make Disraeli into a first-rate novelist . And it is equally impossible , no matter how much you deplore the extravagances and improprieties of his works , to make him into an insignificant one . " Disraeli 's early " silver fork " novels Vivian Grey ( 1826 ) and The Young Duke ( 1831 ) featured romanticised depictions of aristocratic life ( despite his ignorance of it ) with character sketches of well-known public figures lightly disguised . In some of his early fiction Disraeli also portrayed himself and what he felt to be his Byronic dual nature : the poet and the man of action . His most autobiographical novel was Contarini Fleming ( 1832 ) , an avowedly serious work that did not sell well . The critic William Kuhn suggests that Disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of Victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what Kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . Of the other novels of the early 1830s , Alroy is described by Blake as " profitable but unreadable " , and The Rise of Iskander ( 1833 ) and The Infernal Marriage and Ixion in Heaven ( 1834 ) made little impact . Henrietta Temple ( 1837 ) was Disraeli 's next major success . It draws on the events of his affair with Henrietta Sykes to tell the story of a debt-ridden young man torn between a mercenary loveless marriage and a passionate love at first sight for the eponymous heroine . Venetia ( 1837 ) was a minor work , written to raise much-needed cash . In the 1840s Disraeli wrote a trilogy of novels with political themes . Coningsby attacks the evils of the Whig Reform Bill of 1832 and castigates the leaderless conservatives for not responding . Sybil ; or , The Two Nations ( 1845 ) reveals Peel 's betrayal over the Corn Laws . These themes are expanded in Tancred ( 1847 ) . With Coningsby ; or , The New Generation ( 1844 ) , Disraeli , in Blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that England 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " Sybil ; or , The Two Nations was less idealistic than Coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . The last was Tancred ; or , The New Crusade ( 1847 ) , promoting the Church of England 's role in reviving Britain 's flagging spirituality . Disraeli often wrote about religion , for he was a strong promoter of the Church of England . He was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the Church of England over to the Pope . He consequently was a strong supporter of the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 which allowed the archbishops to go to court to stop the ritualists . Lothair was " Disraeli 's ideological Pilgrim 's Progress " , It tells a story of political life with particular regard to the roles of the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches . It reflected anti-Catholicism of the sort that was popular in Britain , and which fueled support for Italian unification ( " Risorgimento " ) . Endymion , despite having a Whig as hero , is a last exposition of the author 's economic policies and political beliefs . Disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character St Barbe in Endymion is widely seen as a parody of Thackeray , who had offended Disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in Punch as " Codlingsby " . Disraeli left an unfinished novel in which the priggish central character , Falconet , is unmistakably a caricature of Gladstone . Blake commented that Disraeli " produced an epic poem , unbelievably bad , and a five-act blank verse tragedy , if possible worse . Further he wrote a discourse on political theory and a political biography , the Life of Lord George Bentinck , which is excellent ... remarkably fair and accurate . " Political Part of a series on One-nation conservatism Principles * Class collaboration * Conservatism * Muscular liberalism * Noblesse oblige * Paternalism * Pragmatism * Social policy * Responsibility * Subsidiarity * Welfare state People * Disraeli * Burke * Churchill ( Lord Randolph ) * Churchill ( Winston ) * Baldwin * Macmillan * Butler * Howard * Cameron * May * Osborne * Johnson * Sunak Documents * Sybil , or The Two Nations * Coningsby , or The New Generation * Industrial Charter Organisations * Conservative Party * Tory Reform Group * Bright Blue * One Nation Conservatives caucus * Conservatism portal * icon Politics portal * flag United Kingdom portal * v * t * e Portrait of Benjamin Disraeli by John Everett Millais , 1881 In the years after Disraeli 's death , as Salisbury began his reign of more than twenty years over the Conservatives , the party emphasised the late leader 's " One Nation " views , that the Conservatives at root shared the beliefs of the working classes , with the Liberals the party of the urban élite . The memory of Disraeli was used by the Conservatives to appeal to the working classes , with whom he was said to have had a rapport . This aspect of his policies has been re-evaluated by historians in the 20th and 21st centuries . In 1972 B. H. Abbott stressed that it was not Disraeli but Lord Randolph Churchill who invented the term " Tory democracy " , though it was Disraeli who made it an essential part of Conservative policy and philosophy . In 2007 Parry wrote , " The tory democrat myth did not survive detailed scrutiny by professional historical writing of the 1960s demonstrated that Disraeli had very little interest in a programme of social legislation and was very flexible in handling parliamentary reform in 1867 . " Despite this , Parry sees Disraeli , rather than Peel , as the founder of the modern Conservative party . The Conservative politician and writer Douglas Hurd wrote in 2013 , " was not a one-nation Conservative— and this was not simply because he never used the phrase . He rejected the concept in its entirety . " Disraeli 's enthusiastic propagation of the British Empire has also been seen as appealing to working-class voters . Before his leadership of the Conservative Party , imperialism was the province of the Liberals , most notably Palmerston . Disraeli made the Conservatives the party that most loudly supported both the Empire and military action to assert its primacy . This came about in part because Disraeli 's own views stemmed that way , in part because he saw advantage for the Conservatives , and partially in reaction against Gladstone , who disliked the expense of empire . Blake argued that Disraeli 's imperialism " decisively orientated the Conservative party for many years to come , and the tradition which he started was probably a bigger electoral asset in winning working-class support during the last quarter of the century than anything else " . Some historians have commented on a romantic impulse behind Disraeli 's approach to Empire and foreign affairs : Abbott writes , " To the mystical Tory concepts of Throne , Church , Aristocracy and People , Disraeli added Empire . " Others have identified a strongly pragmatic aspect to his policies . Gladstone 's biographer Philip Magnus contrasted Disraeli 's grasp of foreign affairs with that of Gladstone , who " never understood that high moral principles , in their application to foreign policy , are more often destructive of political stability than motives of national self-interest . " In Parry 's view , Disraeli 's foreign policy " can be seen as a gigantic castle in the air ( as it was by Gladstone ) , or as an overdue attempt to force the British commercial classes to awaken to the realities of European politics . " During his lifetime , Disraeli 's opponents , and sometimes even his friends and allies , questioned whether he sincerely held the views he propounded , or whether they were adopted by him as politically essential and lacked conviction . Lord John Manners , in 1843 at the time of Young England , wrote , " could I only satisfy myself that D'Israeli believed all that he said , I should be more happy : his historical views are quite mine , but does he believe them ? " Paul Smith , in his journal article on Disraeli 's politics , argues that Disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the British political pantheon . " External videos video icon Booknotes interview with Stanley Weintraub on Disraeli : A Biography , February 6 , 1994 , C-SPAN Stanley Weintraub , in his biography of Disraeli , points out that his subject did much to advance Britain towards the 20th century , carrying one of the two great Reform Acts of the 19th despite the opposition of his Liberal rival , Gladstone . He helped preserve constitutional monarchy by drawing the Queen out of mourning into a new symbolic national role and created the climate for what became ' Tory democracy ' . He articulated an imperial role for Britain that would last into World War II and brought an intermittently self-isolated Britain into the concert of Europe . Frances Walsh comments on Disraeli 's multifaceted public life : The debate about his place in the Conservative pantheon has continued since his death . Disraeli fascinated and divided contemporary opinion ; he was seen by many , including some members of his own party , as an adventurer and a charlatan and by others as a far-sighted and patriotic statesman . As an actor on the political stage he played many roles : Byronic hero , man of letters , social critic , parliamentary virtuoso , squire of Hughenden , royal companion , European statesman . His singular and complex personality has provided historians and biographers with a particularly stiff challenge . Historian Llewellyn Woodward has evaluated Disraeli : Disraeli 's political ideas have not stood the test of time. ... His detachment from English prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of Metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in Europe . The imperialism of his later years was equally superficial : an interpretation of politics without economics . Disraeli liked to think of himself in terms of pure intellect , but his politics were more personal than intellectual in character . He had far-reaching schemes but little administrative ability , and there was some foundation for Napoleon Ill 's judgement that he was ' like all literary men , from Chateaubriand to Guizot , ignorant of the world'.... In spite of these faults . . . Disraeli 's courage , quickness of wit , capacity for affection , and freedom from sordid motives earned him his position . His ambition was of the nobler sort . He brought politics nearer to poetry , or , at all events , to poetical prose , than any English politician since Burke . Historical writers have often played Disraeli and Gladstone against each other as great rivals . Roland Quinault , however , cautions not to exaggerate the confrontation : they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers . Indeed initially they were both loyal to the Tory party , the Church and the landed interest . Although their paths diverged over the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 and later over fiscal policy more generally , it was not until the later 1860s that their differences over parliamentary reform , Irish and Church policy assumed great partisan significance . Even then their personal relations remained fairly cordial until their dispute over the Eastern Question in the later 1870s . Role of his Jewishness Further information : History of the Jews in England By 1882 , 46,000 Jews lived in England , and by 1890 , Jewish emancipation was complete . Since 1858 , Parliament has never been without practicing Jewish members . The first Jewish Lord Mayor of London , Sir David Salomons , was elected in 1855 , followed by the 1858 emancipation of the Jews . On 26 July 1858 , Lionel de Rothschild was allowed to sit in the House of Commons when the hitherto specifically Christian oath of office was changed . Disraeli , a baptised Christian of Jewish parentage , was already an MP , as the mandated oath of office presented no barrier to him . In 1884 Nathan Mayer Rothschild , 1st Baron Rothschild , became the first Jewish member of the British House of Lords ; Disraeli was already a member . As a leader of the Conservative Party , which had ties to the landed aristocracy , Disraeli used his Jewish ancestry to claim an aristocratic heritage of his own . His biographer Jonathan Parry argues : Disraeli convinced himself ( wrongly ) that he derived from the Sephardi aristocracy of Iberian Jews driven from Spain at the end of the fifteenth century . . ..Presenting himself as Jewish symbolized Disraeli 's uniqueness when he was fighting for respect , and explained his set-backs . Presenting Jewishness as aristocratic and religious legitimized his claim to understand the perils facing modern England and to offer ' national ' solutions to them . English toryism was ' copied from the mighty prototype ' ( Coningsby , bk 4 , chap. 15 ) . Disraeli was thus able to square his Jewishness with his equally deep attachment to England and her history . Todd Endelman points out that " The link between Jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that Victorian political cartoonists regularly drew Benjamin Disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his Jewishness . " He adds , " Before the 1990s...few biographers of Disraeli or historians of Victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of Jewishness . " According to Michael Ragussis : What began in the 1830s as scattered anti-Semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his Jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-Semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that Disraeli was a crypto-Jew . Popular culture Disraeli , the first person caricatured in the London magazine Vanity Fair , 30 January 1869 . Caricatures led to a rapid increase in demand for the magazine . In 1929 , actor George Arliss won the Oscar for personifying Disraeli 's " paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship " . Historian Michael Diamond asserts that for British music hall patrons in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia and pride in empire " were reflected in the halls ' most popular political heroes : all were Conservatives and Disraeli stood out above all , even decades after his death , while Gladstone was used as a villain . Film historian Roy Armes has argued that historical films helped maintain the political status quo in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment viewpoint that emphasized the greatness of monarchy , empire , and tradition . The films created " a facsimile world where existing values were invariably validated by events in the film and where all discord could be turned into harmony by an acceptance of the status quo " . Steven Fielding has argued that Disraeli was an especially popular film hero : " historical dramas favoured Disraeli over Gladstone and , more substantively , promulgated an essentially deferential view of democratic leadership . " Stage and screen actor George Arliss was known for his portrayals of Disraeli , winning the Academy Award for Best Actor for 1929 's Disraeli . Fielding says Arliss " personified the kind of paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship that appealed to a significant proportion of the cinema audience ... Even workers attending Labour party meetings deferred to leaders with an elevated social background who showed they cared . " John Gielgud portrayed Disraeli in 1941 , in Thorold Dickinson 's morale-boosting film The Prime Minister , which followed the politician from the age of 30 to that of 70 . Alec Guinness portrayed him in The Mudlark ( 1950 ) . Ian McShane starred in the four-part 1978 ATV miniseries Disraeli : Portrait of a Romantic , written by David Butler . Presented in the U.S. on PBS 's Masterpiece Theatre in 1980 , it was nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series . Richard Pasco played Disraeli in the ITV series Number 10 in 1983 . In the 1997 film Mrs Brown , Disraeli was played by Antony Sher . Works Part of a series on Conservatism Variants * Authoritarian * Corporatist * Cultural * Fiscal * Green * Liberal * Libertarian * Moderate * National * Paternalistic * Populist * Pragmatic * Progressive * Reactionary * Religious * Social * Traditionalist * Ultra Principles * Ancestral worship * Authority + Traditional * Balance of power * Class collaboration * Collective identity * Cultural heritage * Cultural values * Culture of life + Pro-Life * Discipline * Duty * Elitism + Aristocracy + Meritocracy + Noblesse oblige * Ethical order * Familialism * Family as a state model * Family values * Fundamentalism * Gender roles + Complementarianism + Essentialism * Historism * Honour * Imperialism * Law and order * Loyalty * Maternalism * Monarchism + Royalism * Moral absolutism * Natalism * Nationalism * Natural law * Norms + Customs + Mores * Ordered liberty * Organicism * Organised religion * Orthodoxy * Patriotism * Peace through strength * Property rights * Public morality * Rule of law * Social hierarchy * Social institutions * Social order * Sovereignty * State religion * Stewardship * Subsidiarity * Tradition Intellectuals * Johnson * Hume * Burke * More * Maistre * Bonald * Chateaubriand * Czartoryski * Coleridge * Karamzin * Savigny * Carlyle * Ranke * Newman * Tocqueville * Dostoevsky * Taine * Le Bon * Nordau * Belloc * Iorga * Chesterton * Spengler * Jabotinsky * Ilyin * Savarkar * Schmitt * Eliot * Mannheim * Jünger * Evola * Strauss * Röpke * Gadamer * Freyre * Voegelin * Oakeshott * Burnham * Lefebvre * Qutb * Kuehnelt-Leddihn * Gómez Dávila * Kirk * Solzhenitsyn * Koselleck * Mishima * Buckley * Sowell * Mansfield * Scruton * Hoppe * Dugin * Peterson Politicians * Adams * Pitt * Canning * Metternich * Disraeli * Bismarck * Salisbury * Dmowski * Mannerheim * Baldwin * Maurras * Horthy * Metaxas * Churchill * Adenauer * De Gasperi * Chiang * Salazar * De Gaulle * Dollfuss * Franco * Khomeini * Reagan * Powell * Pinochet * Marcos * Park * Smith * Reza Shah * Suharto * Lee * Zia * Vajpayee * Thatcher * Kohl * Fujimori * Bush * Trump * Kaczyński * Netanyahu * Modi * Putin * Abe * Bolsonaro * Orbán * Meloni Religion * Christian democracy * Christian right * Confucianism * Hindutva * Islamism * Jewish conservatism + Religious Zionism * Theravada Buddhism * Traditionalist Catholicism + Integralism + Ultramontanism * Traditionalist School Personal variants * Berlusconism * Bukelism * Cameronism * Chiangism * Erdoğanism * Francoism * Fujimorism * Gaullism * Janismo * Kaczyzm * Maurrassisme * Mellismo * Metaxism * Powellism * Pinochetism * Putinism * Qutbism + Khomeinism * Reaganism * Sarkozysm * Thatcherism * Trumpism * Ziaism National variants * Australia * Austria * Bangladesh * Belgium * Belize * Brazil * Canada * Chile * China + Hong Kong * Colombia * Cuba * Denmark * Finland * France * Germany * Greece * Guatemala * Hungary * Iceland * India * Iran * Israel * Italy * Japan * Luxembourg * Malaysia * Mexico * Netherlands * New Zealand * Norway * Pakistan * Panama * Peru * Poland * Russia * Serbia * Singapore * Sweden * Switzerland * South Korea * Taiwan * Turkey * Ukraine * United Kingdom * United States Related ideologies * Agrarianism * Clerical fascism * Communitarianism * Conservative liberalism * Corporatism * Ordoliberalism Related topics * Anti-communism + White Terror * Anti-gender movement * Anti-immigration * Black conservatism + US * Catholic social teaching * Clericalism * Conservative feminism * Conservative socialism * Conservative wave * Hispanic conservatism + US * LGBT conservatism * NatCon * Nativism * Para-fascism * Patriarchy + Patriarchalism * Radical right + Europe + US * Right realism * Right-wing politics + Alt + Authoritarianism + Centre + Dictatorship + Far + New * Small-c conservative * Toryism * Conservatism portal * icon Politics portal * v * t * e Novels * Vivian Grey ( 1826 , revised 1853 ) * Popanilla ( 1828 ) * The Young Duke ( 1831 , revised 1853 ) * Contarini Fleming ( 1832 ) * Ixion in Heaven ( 1832-33 ) * The Wondrous Tale of Alroy ( 1833 ) - heavily revised as Alroy : A Romance ( 1846 and 1871 ) * The Rise of Iskander ( 1833 ) * The Infernal Marriage ( unfinished ; 1834 ) * A Year at Hartlebury , or The Election - with Sarah Disraeli ( 1834 ) * Henrietta Temple ( 1837 ) * Venetia ( 1837 ) * Lothair ( 1870 ) * Endymion ( 1880 ) * Falconet ( unfinished , 1881 ; posthumously published in 1905 ) Young England Trilogy 1 . Coningsby , or the New Generation ( 1844 ) 2 . Sybil , or The Two Nations ( 1845 ) 3. Tancred , or the New Crusade ( 1847 ) Poetry * The Revolutionary Epick ( 1834 ) Drama * The Tragedy of Count Alarcos ( 1839 ) Non-fiction * An Inquiry into the Plans , Progress , and Policy of the American Mining Companies ( 1825 ) * Lawyers and Legislators : or , Notes , on the American Mining Companies ( 1825 ) * The present state of Mexico ( 1825 ) * England and France , or a Cure for the Ministerial Gallomania ( 1832 ) * What Is He ? ( 1833 ) * The Vindication of the English Constitution ( 1835 ) * The Letters of Runnymede ( 1836 ) * Lord George Bentinck ( 1852 ) Arms CAPTION : Coat of arms of Benjamin Disraeli Crest Issuant from a wreath of oak Proper a castle triple-towered Argent . Escutcheon Per saltire Gules and Argent a castle triple-towered in chief Argent two lions rampant in fess Sable and an eagle displayed in base Or . Supporters Dexter an eagle Or sinister a lion Or each gorged with a collar Gules and pendent therefrom an escutcheon of the last charged with a tower Argent . Motto Forti Nihili Difficile Notes and references

Recall: 89.83%

## Annotated text

prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] of the united kingdom [PLACE] ( 1868 ; 1874-1880 ) " disraeli [PERSON] " redirects here . for other uses [USE] , see [PERSON] disraeli [PERSON] ( disambiguation [ACT] ) . the right honourable the earl [PERSON] of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli [PERSON] in old age [PROPERTY] , wearing a double-breasted suit [TENDENCY] , bow tie [PERSON] and hat 1878 portrait prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] [HUMAN ROLE] of the united kingdom [PLACE] in office [PLACE] 20 february [PERIOD] 1874 - 21 april [PERIOD] 1880 monarch [PERSON] victoria [PLACE] preceded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] succeeded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] in office [PLACE] 27 february [PERIOD] 1868 - 1 december [PERIOD] 1868 monarch [PERSON] victoria [PLACE] preceded by the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] succeeded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] leader [PERSON] of the opposition [EVENT] in office [PLACE] 21 april [PERIOD] 1880 - 19 april [PERIOD] 1881 monarch [PERSON] victoria [PLACE] prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] william ewart gladstone [PERSON] preceded by marquess [PERSON] of hartington [PLACE] succeeded by the marquess [PERSON] of salisbury [PERSON] in office [PLACE] 1 december [PERIOD] 1868 - 17 february [PERIOD] 1874 monarch [PERSON] victoria [PLACE] prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] william ewart gladstone [PERSON] preceded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] succeeded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer [AMOUNT] in office [PLACE] 6 july [PERIOD] 1866 - 29 february [PERIOD] 1868 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] preceded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] succeeded by george ward hunt [PERSON] in office [PLACE] 26 february [PERIOD] 1858 - 11 june [PERIOD] 1859 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] preceded by sir george [PERSON] cornewall lewis [PERSON] succeeded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] in office [PLACE] 27 february [PERIOD] 1852 - 17 december [PERIOD] 1852 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] preceded by sir charles wood [WOOD] , 3rd baronet [PERSON] succeeded by william ewart gladstone [PERSON] personal details [PERSON] born benjamin [PERSON] d' israeli [PERSON] ( 1804-12-21) 21 december [PERIOD] 1804 bloomsbury [PLACE] , middlesex [PLACE] , england [PLACE] died 19 april [PERIOD] 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair [PERSON] , london [PLACE] , england [PLACE] political party conservative [PERSON] other political affiliations young england [PLACE] [PERSON] ( 1840s ) spouse mary anne evans ​ ​ [PERSON] ( m. 1839 ; died 1872 ) ​ parents [PERSON] * isaac d' israeli [PERSON] * maria basevi [UNKNOWN] signature cursive signature [PLACE] in ink writing [UNKNOWN] career [NUMBER] notable works list [LOCATION] * * vivian grey [PERSON] * popanilla [UNKNOWN] * the young duke [PERSON] * contarini [PERSON] fleming * ixion [UNKNOWN] in heaven [PERSON] * the wondrous tale [PERSON] of alroy [PERSON] * the rise [PERSON] of iskander [PERSON] * the infernal marriage [EVENT] * henrietta temple [PERSON] * venetia [PERSON] * coningsby [UNKNOWN] * sybil [PERSON] * tancred [PERSON] * lothair [PERSON] * endymion benjamin disraeli [PERSON] [PERSON] , 1st earl [PERSON] of beaconsfield [PLACE] ( 21 december [PERIOD] 1804 - 19 april [PERIOD] 1881 ) was a british [UNKNOWN] statesman [PERSON] , conservative [PERSON] politician [PERSON] and writer [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] twice served as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] of the united kingdom [PLACE] . he played a central role [ROLE] in the creation [EVENT] of the modern conservative party [FORCE] , defining its policies [RULE] and its broad outreach [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] is remembered for his influential voice [DECISION] in world affairs [PLACE] , his political battles [PERSON] with the liberal party leader [PERSON] william ewart gladstone [PERSON] [PERSON] , and his one-nation conservatism [ATTITUDE] or " tory democracy [QUALITY] " . he made the conservatives [UNKNOWN] the party [FORCE] most identified with the british empire [STATE] and military action [ACTION] to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters [PERSON] . he is the only british prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] [HUMAN ROLE] to have been born jewish [UNKNOWN] . disraeli [PERSON] was born in bloomsbury [PLACE] , at that time [PERIOD] a part of middlesex [PLACE] . his father [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] judaism [CONCEPT] after a dispute [DISPUTE] at his synagogue [ACTIVITY] ; benjamin [PERSON] became an anglican [UNKNOWN] at the age [PROPERTY] of 12 . after several unsuccessful attempts [ACTION] , disraeli [PERSON] entered the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] in 1837 . in 1846 , prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] robert peel [PERSON] split [PLACE] the party [FORCE] over his proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] to repeal [ACT] the corn laws [PERSON] , which involved ending the tariff [PERSON] on imported grain [QUANTITY] . disraeli [PERSON] clashed with peel [PERSON] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] , becoming a major figure [FIGURE] in the party [FORCE] . when lord derby [PERSON] , the party leader [PERSON] , thrice formed governments [GOVERNMENT] in the 1850s and 1860s , disraeli [PERSON] served as chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer [AMOUNT] and leader [PERSON] of the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] . upon derby [PERSON] 's retirement [ACT] in 1868 , disraeli [PERSON] became prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] briefly before losing [PROCESS] that year [PERIOD] 's general election [POWER] . he returned to the opposition [EVENT] before leading the party [FORCE] to a majority [PROPERTY] in the 1874 general election [POWER] . he maintained a close friendship [RELATIONSHIP] with queen victoria [PLACE] who [UNKNOWN] , in 1876 , elevated him to the peerage [COLLECTION] as earl [PERSON] of beaconsfield [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] 's second [PERSON] term [TERM] was dominated by the eastern question [QUESTION] — the slow decay [PROCESS] of the ottoman empire [STATE] and the desire [EVENT] of other european powers [POWER] , such as russia [PLACE] , to gain at its expense [ACT] . disraeli [PERSON] arranged for the british [UNKNOWN] to purchase [AMOUNT] a major interest [ELEMENT] in the suez canal [PERSON] company [INSTITUTION] in egypt [PLACE] . in 1878 , faced with russian victories [CONDITION] against the ottomans [PLACE] , he worked at the congress [ACTIVITY] of berlin [PLACE] to obtain peace [EVENT] in the balkans [UNKNOWN] at terms [TERM] favourable to britain [PLACE] and unfavourable to russia [PLACE] , its longstanding enemy [PERSON] . this diplomatic victory [PERSON] established disraeli [PERSON] as one of europe [PLACE] 's leading statesmen [PERSON] . world events [PLACE] thereafter moved against the conservatives [UNKNOWN] . controversial wars [EVENT] in afghanistan [PLACE] and south africa [PLACE] undermined his public [UNKNOWN] support [ACT] . he angered farmers [PERSON] by refusing to reinstitute the corn laws [PERSON] in response [ACT] to poor [UNKNOWN] harvests [UNKNOWN] and cheap imported grain [QUANTITY] . with gladstone [PERSON] conducting a massive speaking campaign [PERSON] , the liberals [PERSON] defeated disraeli [PERSON] 's conservatives [UNKNOWN] at the 1880 general election [POWER] . in his final months [PERIOD] , disraeli [PERSON] led the conservatives [UNKNOWN] in opposition [EVENT] . disraeli [PERSON] wrote novels [UNKNOWN] throughout his career [NUMBER] , beginning in 1826 , and published his last [UNKNOWN] completed novel [EVENT] , endymion [PERSON] , shortly before he died at the age [PROPERTY] of 76 . early life childhood disraeli [PERSON] was born on 21 december [PERIOD] 1804 at 6 king [PERSON] 's road [PLACE] , bedford row [PERSON] , bloomsbury [PLACE] , london [PLACE] , the second [PERSON] child [PERSON] and eldest son [PERSON] of isaac d' israeli [PERSON] , a literary critic and historian , and maria [PLACE] ( miriam [PERSON] ) , née basevi [UNKNOWN] . the family [HUMAN GROUP] was mostly from italy [PLACE] , of sephardic jewish [UNKNOWN] mercantile background [INFORMATION] . he also had some ashkenazi [PERSON] jewish [UNKNOWN] ancestors [WORD] . he later romanticised his origins [PERSON] , claiming his father [PERSON] 's family [HUMAN GROUP] was of grand portuguese [UNKNOWN] and venetian descent [PLACE] ; in fact [UNKNOWN] , isaac [PLACE] 's family [HUMAN GROUP] was of no great distinction [SOUND] , but on disraeli [PERSON] 's mother [PERSON] 's side [PLACE] , in which he took no interest [ELEMENT] , there were some distinguished forebears [UNKNOWN] , including isaac cardoso [PERSON] , as well as members [PERSON] of the goldsmids [UNKNOWN] , the mocattas [UNKNOWN] and the montefiores [UNKNOWN] . historians [PERSON] differ on disraeli [PERSON] 's motives [POWER] for rewriting his family history [UNIT] : bernard glassman [PERSON] argues [UNKNOWN] that it was intended to give him status [STATUS] comparable to that of england [PLACE] 's ruling elite [PERSON] ; sarah bradford [PERSON] believes " his dislike of the commonplace [STATEMENT] would not allow him to accept the facts [UNKNOWN] of his birth [CONDITION] as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . three portraits [IMAGE] ; a man [PERSON] and two women disraeli [PERSON] 's father [PERSON] , mother [PERSON] and sister [PERSON] — isaac [PLACE] , maria [PLACE] and sarah disraeli [PERSON] 's siblings [PERSON] were sarah [PERSON] , naphtali [PERSON] ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph [PERSON] and james [PERSON] ( " jem [PERSON] " ) . he was close to his sister [PERSON] and on affectionate but more [PLACE] distant terms [TERM] with his surviving brothers [PERSON] . details [PERSON] of his schooling [PROCESS] are sketchy . from the age [PROPERTY] of about six he was a day boy [PERSON] at a dame school [INSTITUTION] in islington [PLACE] , which one of his biographers [PERSON] described as " for those days [PERIOD] a very high-class establishment [EVENT] " . two years [PERIOD] later or so— the exact date [RESULT] has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder [PERSON] to rev john potticary [PERSON] 's school [INSTITUTION] at blackheath [UNKNOWN] . following a quarrel [DISPUTE] in 1813 with the bevis marks synagogue [ACTIVITY] , his father [PERSON] renounced judaism [CONCEPT] and had the four children [PERSON] baptised into the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] in july [PERIOD] and august [PERIOD] 1817 . isaac d'israeli [PERSON] had never taken religion [UNKNOWN] very seriously but had remained a conforming member [PERSON] of the synagogue [ACTIVITY] . isaac [PLACE] 's father [PERSON] , benjamin [PERSON] , was a prominent [ACT] and devout member [PERSON] ; it was probably out of respect [EVENT] for him that isaac [PLACE] did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities [STATUS] in 1813 . after benjamin senior [PERSON] died in 1816 , isaac [PLACE] felt free to leave the congregation [ENTITY] following a second [PERSON] dispute [DISPUTE] . isaac [PLACE] 's friend sharon turner [PERSON] , a solicitor [PERSON] , convinced him that although he could comfortably remain unattached to any formal religion [UNKNOWN] it would be disadvantageous to the children [PERSON] if they did so . turner [PERSON] stood as godfather [PERSON] when benjamin [PERSON] was baptised , aged twelve , on 31 july [PERIOD] 1817 . conversion [SPEECH ACT] enabled disraeli [PERSON] to contemplate a career [NUMBER] in politics [ACTION] . there had been members [PERSON] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] ( mps [UNKNOWN] ) from jewish [UNKNOWN] families [INSTANCE] since sampson gideon [PERSON] in 1770 . however , until the jews relief act [ACT] 1858 , mps [UNKNOWN] were required to take the oath [ASSET] of allegiance [STATE] " on the true faith [PERSON] of a christian [PERSON] " , necessitating at least nominal conversion [SPEECH ACT] . it is not known whether disraeli [PERSON] formed any ambition [EVENT] for a parliamentary career [NUMBER] at the time [PERIOD] of his baptism [ACT] , but there is no doubt [STATE] that he bitterly regretted his parents [PERSON] ' decision [DECISION] not to send him to winchester college [INSTITUTION] , one of the great public [UNKNOWN] schools [UNKNOWN] which consistently provided recruits [UNKNOWN] to the political elite [PERSON] . his two younger brothers [PERSON] were sent there , and it is not clear why isaac [PLACE] chose to send his eldest son [PERSON] to a much less prestigious school [INSTITUTION] . the boy [PERSON] evidently held his mother [PERSON] responsible for the decision [DECISION] ; bradford [PERSON] speculates that " benjamin [PERSON] 's delicate health [PROPERTY] and his obviously jewish [UNKNOWN] appearance [PERSON] may [PERIOD] have had something to do with it . " the school chosen [UNKNOWN] for him was run by eliezer cogan [PERSON] at higham hill [HILL] in walthamstow [UNKNOWN] . he began there in the autumn term [TERM] of 1817 ; he later recalled his education [PROCESS] : i was at school [INSTITUTION] for two or three years [PERIOD] under the revd [UNKNOWN] . dr cogan [PERSON] , a greek scholar [PERSON] of eminence [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] had contributed notes [UNKNOWN] to the a schylus [UNKNOWN] of bishop blomfield [PERSON] , & was himself the editor [PERSON] of the greek gnostic poets [UNKNOWN] . after this i was with a private [PERSON] tutor [INSTITUTION] for two years [PERIOD] in my own county [PLACE] , & my education [PROCESS] was severely classical . too much so ; in the pride [PERSON] of boyish erudition [ACT] , i edited the idonisian eclogue [UNKNOWN] of theocritus [PERSON] , wh . was privately printed . this was my first production [OCCURRENCE] : puerile pedantry [UNKNOWN] . 1820s in november [PERIOD] 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday [GROUP] , disraeli [PERSON] was articled as a clerk [PERSON] to a firm [INSTITUTION] of solicitors— swain [PERSON] , stevens [PERSON] , maples [PERSON] , pearse [PERSON] and hunt—in [UNKNOWN] the city [PLACE] of london [PLACE] . t f maples [PERSON] was not only the young disraeli [PERSON] 's employer [PERSON] and a friend [PERSON] of his father [PERSON] , but also his prospective father-in-law : isaac [PLACE] and maples [PERSON] considered that the latter [UNKNOWN] 's only daughter [PERSON] might be a suitable match [FORM] for benjamin [PERSON] . a friendship [RELATIONSHIP] developed , but there was no romance [PERSON] . the firm [INSTITUTION] had a large and profitable business [STATE] , and as the biographer r w davis [PERSON] observes , the clerkship [EVENT] was " the kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of secure [UNKNOWN] , respectable position [POSITION] that many fathers dream [PERSON] of for their children [PERSON] " . although biographers [PERSON] including robert blake [PERSON] and bradford comment [EVENT] that such a post [SEQUENCE] was incompatible with disraeli [PERSON] 's romantic and ambitious nature [NATURE] , he reportedly gave his employers [PERSON] satisfactory [PERSON] service [INSTITUTION] , and later professed to have learned much there . he recalled : i had some scruples [ACT] , for even then i dreamed of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . my father [PERSON] 's refrain [EVENT] always was ' philip carteret webb [PERSON] ' , who [UNKNOWN] was the most eminent solicitor [PERSON] of his boyhood [STATE] and who [UNKNOWN] was an mp . it would be a mistake [EVENT] to suppose that the two years [PERIOD] and more [PLACE] that i was in the office [PLACE] of our friend [PERSON] were wasted . i have often thought , though i have often regretted the university [INSTITUTION] , that it was much the reverse [PORTION] . a young man [PERSON] of vaguely semitic appearance [PERSON] , with long and curly black hair portrait [PERSON] of benjamin disraeli [PERSON] by francis grant [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] as a young man—a retrospective portrayal [RESULT] painted in 1852 the year [PERIOD] after joining maples [PERSON] ' firm [INSTITUTION] , benjamin [PERSON] changed his surname [PORTION] from d' israeli to disraeli [PERSON] . his reasons [EVENT] are unknown , but the biographer bernard glassman [PERSON] surmises that it was to avoid being confused with his father [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] 's sister [PERSON] and brothers [PERSON] adopted the new [PLACE] version [PERMISSION] of the name [NAME] ; isaac [PLACE] and his wife [PERSON] retained the older form [FORM] . disraeli [PERSON] toured belgium [PLACE] and the rhine valley [PERSON] with his father [PERSON] in the summer [PERSON] of 1824 . he later wrote that while travelling on the rhine [PERSON] he decided to abandon his position [POSITION] : " i determined when descending those magical waters [WATER] that i would not be a lawyer [PERSON] . " on their return [STATEMENT] to england [PLACE] he left [UNKNOWN] the solicitors [PERSON] , at the suggestion [SUGGESTION] of maples [PERSON] , with the aim [PERSON] of qualifying as a barrister [PERSON] . he enrolled as a student [PERSON] at lincoln [PERSON] 's inn [GOVERNMENT] and joined the chambers [NUMBER] of his uncle [PERSON] , nathaniel basevy [PERSON] , and then those of benjamin austen [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] persuaded isaac [PLACE] that disraeli [PERSON] would never make a barrister [PERSON] and should be allowed to pursue a literary career [NUMBER] . he had made a tentative start [UNKNOWN] : in may [PERIOD] 1824 he submitted a manuscript [EVENT] to his father [PERSON] 's friend [PERSON] , the publisher john murray [PERSON] [PERSON] , but withdrew it before murray [PERSON] could decide whether to publish it . released from the law [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] did some work [ACTIVITY] for murray [PERSON] , but turned most of his attention [ELEMENT] to speculative dealing on the stock exchange [RESULT] . there was at the time [PERIOD] a boom [PERSON] in shares [ACTION] in south american [PLACE] mining companies [UNKNOWN] . spain [PLACE] was losing [PROCESS] its south american [PLACE] colonies [SEQUENCE] in the face [PORTION] of rebellions [FORCE] . at the urging [UNKNOWN] of george [PERSON] canning the british government [GOVERNMENT] recognised the new [PLACE] independent governments [GOVERNMENT] of argentina [PLACE] ( 1824 ) , colombia [PLACE] and mexico [PLACE] ( both 1825 ) . with no money [MONEY] of his own , disraeli [PERSON] borrowed money [MONEY] to invest . he became involved with the financier j. d [UNKNOWN] . powles [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] was prominent [ACT] among those encouraging the mining boom [PERSON] . in 1825 , disraeli [PERSON] wrote three anonymous pamphlets [PERSON] for powles [PERSON] , promoting the companies [UNKNOWN] . the pamphlets [PERSON] were published by john murray [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] invested heavily in the boom [PERSON] . john murray [PERSON] and j. g. lockhart [PERSON] murray [PERSON] had ambitions [EVENT] to establish a new [PLACE] morning paper [PERSON] to compete with the times [UNKNOWN] . in 1825 disraeli [PERSON] convinced him that he should proceed . the new [PLACE] paper [PERSON] , the representative [EVENT] , promoted the mines [FORCE] and those politicians [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] supported them , particularly canning . disraeli [PERSON] impressed murray [PERSON] with his energy [ENERGY] and commitment [COMMITMENT] to the project [ACTION] , but he failed in his key task [AMOUNT] of persuading the eminent writer john gibson lockhart [PERSON] to edit the paper [PERSON] . after that , disraeli [PERSON] 's influence [POWER] on murray [PERSON] waned , and to his resentment [PERSON] he was sidelined in the affairs [PLACE] of the representative [EVENT] . the paper [PERSON] survived only six months [PERIOD] , partly because the mining bubble [PERIOD] burst in late [PERIOD] 1825 , and partly because , according to blake [PERSON] , the paper [PERSON] was " atrociously edited " . the bursting [ACTIVITY] of the mining bubble [PERIOD] was ruinous for disraeli [PERSON] . by june [PERIOD] 1825 he and his business partners [GROUP] had lost £7,000 . disraeli [PERSON] could not pay off the last [UNKNOWN] of his debts [MONEY] from this debacle [EVENT] until 1849 . he turned to writing [UNKNOWN] , motivated partly by his desperate need [UNKNOWN] for money [MONEY] , and partly by a wish [PERSON] for revenge [FORM] on murray [PERSON] and others [UNKNOWN] by whom he felt slighted . there was a vogue [EVENT] for what was called " silver-fork fiction [STATEMENT] " — novels [UNKNOWN] depicting aristocratic life [EVENT] , usually by anonymous authors [PERSON] , read by the aspirational middle classes [UNKNOWN] . disraeli [PERSON] 's first novel [EVENT] , vivian grey [PERSON] , published anonymously in four volumes [AMOUNT] in 1826-27 , was a thinly veiled re-telling of the affair [PLACE] of the representative [EVENT] . it sold well , but caused much offence [UNKNOWN] in influential circles [UNKNOWN] when the authorship [PROCESS] was discovered . disraeli [PERSON] , then just 23 , did not move in high society [INSTITUTION] , as the numerous solecisms [CONCEPT] in his book [ENTITY] made obvious . reviewers [PERSON] were sharply critical on these grounds [AMOUNT] of both the author [PERSON] and the book [ENTITY] . murray [PERSON] and lockhart [PERSON] , men [PERSON] of great influence [POWER] in literary circles [UNKNOWN] , believed that disraeli [PERSON] had caricatured them and abused their confidence—an accusation [AMOUNT] denied by the author [PERSON] but repeated by many of his biographers [PERSON] . in later editions disraeli [PERSON] made many changes [UNKNOWN] , softening his satire [DEVICE] , but the damage [EVENT] to his reputation [REPUTATION] proved long-lasting . disraeli [PERSON] 's biographer jonathan parry [PERSON] writes that the financial failure [STATE] and personal criticism [ACT] that disraeli [PERSON] suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger [CONCEPT] for a serious nervous crisis [EVENT] affecting him over the next four years [PERIOD] : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature [NATURE] , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " he was still living [PERSON] with his parents [PERSON] in london [PLACE] , but in search [ACTION] of the " change [UNKNOWN] of air [AIR] " recommended by the family [HUMAN GROUP] 's doctors [RESOURCE] , isaac [PLACE] took a succession [SUCCESSION] of houses [UNKNOWN] in the country [PLACE] and on the coast [EVENT] , before disraeli [PERSON] sought wider horizons [PLACE] . 1830-1837 together [UNKNOWN] with his sister [PERSON] 's fiancé [UNKNOWN] , william meredith [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] travelled widely in southern europe [PLACE] and beyond in 1830-31 . the trip [POSITION] was financed partly by another high society novel [EVENT] , the young duke [PERSON] , written in 1829-30 . the tour [EVENT] was cut short [PERMISSION] suddenly by meredith [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] from smallpox [PERSON] in cairo [PLACE] in july [PERIOD] 1831 . despite this tragedy [SITUATION] , and the need [UNKNOWN] for treatment [TREATMENT] for a sexually transmitted disease [DISEASE] on his return [STATEMENT] , disraeli [PERSON] felt enriched by his experiences [EFFECT] . he became , in parry [PERSON] 's words [WORD] , " aware of values [VALUE] that seemed denied to his insular countrymen [PERSON] . the journey [PERSON] encouraged his self-consciousness , his moral relativism [RULE] , and his interest [ELEMENT] in eastern [PLACE] racial and religious attitudes [ATTITUDE] . " blake [PERSON] regards the tour [EVENT] as one of the formative experiences [EFFECT] of disraeli [PERSON] 's career [NUMBER] : " he impressions [GARMENT] that it made on him were life-lasting . they conditioned his attitude [ATTITUDE] toward some of the most important political problems [EVENT] which faced him in his later years— especially the eastern question [QUESTION] ; they also coloured many of his novels [UNKNOWN] . " disraeli [PERSON] wrote two novels [UNKNOWN] in the aftermath [PLACE] of the tour [EVENT] . contarini [PERSON] fleming ( 1832 ) was avowedly a self-portrait . it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography [PERSON] " and depicts the conflicting elements [ELEMENT] of its hero [PERSON] 's character [FORCE] : the duality [ACT] of northern and mediterranean [PLACE] ancestry [PERSON] , the dreaming artist [PERSON] and the bold man [PERSON] of action [ACTION] . as parry [PERSON] observes , the book [ENTITY] ends on a political note [ABILITY] , setting out europe [PLACE] 's progress [ACTION] " from feudal [UNKNOWN] to federal principles [PERSON] " . the wondrous tale [PERSON] of alroy [PERSON] the following year [PERIOD] portrayed the problems [EVENT] of a medieval jew [PERSON] in deciding between a small [PERSON] , exclusively jewish [UNKNOWN] state [STATE] and a large empire [STATE] embracing all . two men [PERSON] and two women friends [PERSON] and allies [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] in the 1830s : clockwise [PERSON] from top [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] — croker [PERSON] , lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] , henrietta sykes [PERSON] and lady londonderry [PERSON] after these novels [UNKNOWN] were published , disraeli [PERSON] declared that he would " write no more [PLACE] about myself " . he had already turned his attention [ELEMENT] to politics [ACTION] in 1832 , during the great crisis [EVENT] over the reform bill [PERSON] . he contributed to an anti- whig [LIQUID] pamphlet [PERSON] edited by john wilson croker [PERSON] and published by murray entitled england [PLACE] and france [PLACE] : or a cure [ELEMENT] for ministerial gallomania [UNKNOWN] . the choice [EVENT] of a tory [PERSON] publication [ACTION] was regarded as strange by disraeli [PERSON] 's friends [PERSON] and relatives [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] thought him more [PLACE] of a radical [PERSON] . indeed , he had objected to murray [PERSON] about croker [PERSON] 's inserting " high tory [PERSON] " sentiment [EVENT] : disraeli [PERSON] remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse [UNKNOWN] to the general measure [MEASURE] of reform [AMOUNT] can issue [EVENT] from my pen [PLACE] . " moreover , at the time gallomania [UNKNOWN] was published , disraeli [PERSON] was electioneering [ACTIVITY] in high wycombe [PERSON] in the radical [PERSON] interest [ELEMENT] . disraeli [PERSON] 's politics [ACTION] at the time [PERIOD] were influenced both by his rebellious streak [PERSON] and his desire [EVENT] to make his mark [ORGANISATION] . at that time [PERIOD] , british politics [ACTION] were dominated by the aristocracy [SET] , with a few [UNKNOWN] powerful commoners [PERSON] . the whigs [LIQUID] derived from the coalition [GROUP] of lords [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] had forced through the bill [PERSON] of rights [UNKNOWN] 1689 and in some cases [STUDY] were their descendants [ELEMENT] . the tories [UNKNOWN] tended to support [ACT] king [PERSON] and church [PERSON] and sought to thwart political change [UNKNOWN] . a small [PERSON] number [NUMBER] of radicals [PERSON] , generally from northern constituencies [PLACE] , were the strongest advocates [PERSON] of continuing reform [AMOUNT] . in the early 1830s the tories [UNKNOWN] and the interests [ELEMENT] they represented appeared to be a lost cause [CAUSE] . the other great party [FORCE] , the whigs [LIQUID] , were anathema [PERSON] to disraeli [PERSON] : " toryism [CONCEPT] is worn out & i cannot condescend to be a whig [LIQUID] . " there was a by-election and a general election [POWER] in 1832 ; disraeli [PERSON] unsuccessfully stood as a radical [PERSON] at high wycombe [PERSON] in each . disraeli [PERSON] 's political views [PERSON] embraced certain radical [PERSON] policies [RULE] , particularly electoral reform [AMOUNT] , and also some tory [PERSON] ones [UNKNOWN] , including protectionism [SYSTEM] . he began to move in tory circles [UNKNOWN] . in 1834 he was introduced to the former lord chancellor [PERSON] , lord lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] , by henrietta sykes [PERSON] , wife [PERSON] of sir francis sykes [PERSON] . she was having an affair [PLACE] with lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] and began another with disraeli [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] and lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] took an immediate liking [LANGUAGE] to each other . lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] was an indiscreet gossip [PERSON] with a fondness [QUALITY] for intrigue [UNKNOWN] ; this appealed greatly to disraeli [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] became his secretary [PERSON] and go-between . in 1835 disraeli [PERSON] stood for the last [UNKNOWN] time [PERIOD] as a radical [PERSON] , again unsuccessfully contesting high wycombe [PERSON] . two men [PERSON] of victorian [PERSON] appearance opponents [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] : o' connell [PERSON] and labouchere [UNKNOWN] in april [PERIOD] 1835 , disraeli [PERSON] fought a by-election at taunton [PERSON] as a tory candidate [PERSON] . the irish [PERSON] mp daniel o'connell [UNKNOWN] , misled by inaccurate press reports [SYMBOL] , thought disraeli [PERSON] had slandered him while electioneering [ACTIVITY] at taunton [PERSON] ; he launched an outspoken attack [EVENT] , referring to disraeli [PERSON] as : a reptile [UNKNOWN] ... just fit now , after being twice discarded by the people [HUMAN GROUP] , to become a conservative [PERSON] . he possesses all the necessary requisites [UNKNOWN] of perfidy [UNKNOWN] , selfishness [QUALITY] , depravity [ACT] , want of principle [PERSON] , etc. , which would qualify him for the change [UNKNOWN] . his name [NAME] shows that he is of jewish [UNKNOWN] origin [PERSON] . i do not use [USE] it as a term [TERM] of reproach [CAUSE] ; there are many most respectable jews [PERSON] . but there are , as in every other people [HUMAN GROUP] , some of the lowest and most disgusting grade [PERSON] of moral turpitude [QUALITY] ; and of those i look upon mr . disraeli [PERSON] as the worst . disraeli [PERSON] 's public [UNKNOWN] exchanges [RESULT] with o'connell [UNKNOWN] , extensively reproduced in the times [UNKNOWN] , included a demand [EVENT] for a duel [PERSON] with the 60-year-old o'connell [UNKNOWN] 's son [PERSON] ( which resulted in disraeli [PERSON] 's temporary detention [RESOURCE] by the authorities [STATUS] ) , a reference [NUMBER] to " the inextinguishable [UNKNOWN] hatred with which shall pursue existence [ENTITY] " , and the accusation [AMOUNT] that o'connell [UNKNOWN] 's supporters [UNKNOWN] had a " princely revenue [MONEY] wrung from a starving race [RACE] of fanatical slaves [DEVICE] " . disraeli [PERSON] was highly gratified by the dispute [DISPUTE] , which propelled him to general public [UNKNOWN] notice [AMOUNT] for the first time [PERIOD] . he did not defeat [BODY] the incumbent whig member [PERSON] , henry [PERSON] labouchere [UNKNOWN] , but the taunton constituency [PLACE] was regarded as unwinnable by the tories [UNKNOWN] . disraeli [PERSON] kept labouchere [UNKNOWN] 's majority [PROPERTY] down to 170 , a good [UNKNOWN] showing [UNKNOWN] that put him in line [PERSON] for a winnable seat [PROPERTY] in the near future [VALUE] . with lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] 's encouragement disraeli [PERSON] turned to writing [UNKNOWN] propaganda [STATE] for his newly adopted party [FORCE] . his vindication [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the english constitution [PERSON] , was published in december [PERIOD] 1835 . it was couched in the form [FORM] of an open letter [PURPOSE] to lyndhurst [UNKNOWN] , and in bradford [PERSON] 's view [PERSON] encapsulates a political philosophy [STATE] that disraeli [PERSON] adhered to for the rest [NUMBER] of his life [EVENT] : the value [VALUE] of benevolent aristocratic government [GOVERNMENT] , a loathing [EVENT] of political dogma [RULE] , and the modernisation [UNKNOWN] of tory policies [RULE] . the following year [PERIOD] he wrote a series [SERIES] of satires [DEVICE] on politicians [PERSON] of the day [PERIOD] , which he published in the times [UNKNOWN] under the pen-name " runnymede [UNKNOWN] " . his targets [EVENT] included the whigs [LIQUID] , collectively and individually , irish [PERSON] nationalists [PERSON] , and political corruption [UNKNOWN] . one essay [PERSON] ended : the english [EVENT] nation [PERSON] , therefore , rallies [INCREASE] for rescue [TOOL] from the degrading plots [RESOURCE] of a profligate [PERSON] oligarchy [PERSON] , a barbarizing sectarianism [EVENT] , and a boroughmongering papacy [EVENT] , round their hereditary leaders [PERSON] — the peers [PERSON] . the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] , therefore , at this moment [PERIOD] represents everything [ACTIVITY] in the realm [PLACE] except the whig oligarchs [UNKNOWN] , their tools [TOOL] the dissenters [PERSON] , and their masters [PERSON] the irish [PERSON] priests [PERSON] . in the mean time [PERIOD] , the whigs bawl [INSTANCE] that there is a " collision [EVENT] ! " it is true there is a collision [EVENT] , but it is not a collision [EVENT] between the lords [PERSON] and the people [HUMAN GROUP] , but between the ministers [PERSON] and the constitution [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] was elected to the exclusively tory [PERSON] carlton club [INSTITUTION] in 1836 , and was also taken up by the party [FORCE] 's leading hostess [PERSON] , lady londonderry [PERSON] . in june [PERIOD] 1837 william iv died , the young queen victoria [PLACE] succeeded him , and parliament [HUMAN GROUP] was dissolved . on the recommendation [SUGGESTION] of the carlton club [INSTITUTION] , disraeli [PERSON] was adopted as a tory parliamentary candidate [PERSON] at the ensuing general election [POWER] . parliament [HUMAN GROUP] back-bencher in the election [POWER] in july [PERIOD] 1837 , disraeli [PERSON] won a seat [PROPERTY] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] as one of two members [PERSON] , both tory [PERSON] , for the constituency [PLACE] of maidstone [UNKNOWN] . the other was wyndham lewis [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] helped finance disraeli [PERSON] 's election campaign [PERSON] , and who [UNKNOWN] died the following year [PERIOD] . in the same year disraeli [PERSON] published a novel [EVENT] , henrietta temple [PERSON] , which was a love story [PERSON] and social comedy [UNKNOWN] , drawing on his affair [PLACE] with henrietta sykes [PERSON] . he had broken off the relationship [RELATIONSHIP] in late [PERIOD] 1836 , distraught that she had taken yet another lover . his other novel [EVENT] of this period [PERIOD] is venetia [PERSON] , a romance [PERSON] based on the characters [FORCE] of shelley [PERSON] and byron [PERSON] , written quickly to raise much-needed money [MONEY] . disraeli [PERSON] made his maiden speech [SPEECH] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] on 7 december [PERIOD] 1837 . he followed o'connell [UNKNOWN] , whom he sharply criticised for the latter [UNKNOWN] 's " long , rambling , jumbling , speech [SPEECH] " . he was shouted down by o'connell [UNKNOWN] 's supporters [UNKNOWN] . after this unpromising start disraeli [PERSON] kept a low [ABSTRACT ENTITY] profile [EVENT] for the rest [NUMBER] of the parliamentary session [PERIOD] . he was a loyal supporter [PERSON] of the party leader [PERSON] sir robert peel [PERSON] and his policies [RULE] , with the exception [STATEMENT] of a personal sympathy [EVENT] for the chartist movement [HUMAN GROUP] that most tories [UNKNOWN] did not share . a portrait [PERSON] of a young woman [PERSON] with elaborately styled brown hair [HAIR] , tied up with a blue bow mary anne lewis [PERSON] c. 1820-30 in 1839 disraeli [PERSON] married mary anne lewis [PERSON] , the widow [PERSON] of wyndham lewis [PERSON] . twelve years disraeli [PERSON] 's senior [PERSON] , mary lewis [PERSON] had a substantial income [DISEASE] of £5,000 a year [PERIOD] . his motives [POWER] were generally assumed to be mercenary , but the couple [GROUP] came to cherish one another , remaining close until she died more [PLACE] than three decades [UNKNOWN] later . " dizzy [DEVICE] married me for my money [MONEY] " , his wife [PERSON] said later , " but , if he had the chance [PERSON] again , he would marry me for love [PERSON] . " finding the financial demands [EVENT] of his maidstone seat [PROPERTY] too much , disraeli [PERSON] secured a tory [PERSON] nomination [DEVICE] for shrewsbury [PLACE] , winning one of the constituency [PLACE] 's two seats [PROPERTY] at the 1841 general election [POWER] , despite serious opposition [EVENT] , and heavy debts [MONEY] which opponents [PERSON] seized on . the election [POWER] was a massive defeat [BODY] for the whigs [LIQUID] across the country [PLACE] , and peel [PERSON] became prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] . disraeli [PERSON] hoped , unrealistically , for ministerial office [PLACE] . though disappointed at being left [UNKNOWN] on the back benches [ENTITY] , he continued his support [ACT] for peel [PERSON] in 1842 and 1843 , seeking to establish himself as an expert [PERSON] on foreign affairs [PLACE] and international trade [PERSON] . although a tory [PERSON] ( or conservative [PERSON] , as some in the party [FORCE] now called themselves ) disraeli [PERSON] was sympathetic to some of the aims [PERSON] of chartism [CONCEPT] , and argued for an alliance [STATE] between the landed aristocracy [SET] and the working class [UNKNOWN] against the increasing power [POWER] of the merchants [PERSON] and new [PLACE] industrialists [PERSON] in the middle class [UNKNOWN] . after disraeli [PERSON] won widespread acclaim [STATEMENT] in march [PERIOD] 1842 for worsting lord palmerston [UNKNOWN] in debate [STATE] , he was taken up by a small [PERSON] group [GROUP] of idealistic new [PLACE] tory mps [UNKNOWN] , with whom he formed the young england [PLACE] group [GROUP] . they held that the landed interests [ELEMENT] should use [USE] their power [POWER] to protect the poor [UNKNOWN] from exploitation [PERSON] by middle-class businessmen [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] hoped to forge a paternalistic [UNKNOWN] tory-radical alliance [STATE] , but he was unsuccessful . before the reform act [ACT] 1867 , the working class [UNKNOWN] did not possess the vote [EVENT] and therefore had little political power [POWER] . although disraeli [PERSON] forged a personal friendship [RELATIONSHIP] with john bright [PERSON] , a leading radical [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] was unable to persuade bright [PERSON] to sacrifice his distinct position [POSITION] for parliamentary advancement [AMOUNT] . when disraeli [PERSON] attempted to secure [UNKNOWN] a tory-radical cabinet [EVENT] in 1852 , bright [PERSON] refused . four men clockwise [PERSON] from top [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] : bright [PERSON] , peel [PERSON] , bentinck [PERSON] and stanley disraeli [PERSON] gradually became a sharp [PERSON] critic of peel [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] , often deliberately taking contrary positions [POSITION] . the young mp attacked his leader [PERSON] as early as 1843 . however , the best known of these stances [PROPERTY] were over the maynooth grant [PERSON] in 1845 and the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] in 1846 . the president [PERSON] of the board [NUMBER] of trade [PERSON] , william gladstone [PERSON] , resigned from the cabinet [EVENT] over the maynooth grant [PERSON] . the corn laws [PERSON] imposed a tariff [PERSON] on imported wheat [LIGHT] , protecting british [UNKNOWN] farmers [PERSON] from foreign competition [EVENT] , but making the cost [EVENT] of bread [PERSON] artificially high . peel [PERSON] hoped that the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] and the resultant influx [ACT] of cheaper wheat [LIGHT] into britain [PLACE] would relieve the condition [CONDITION] of the poor [UNKNOWN] , and in particular the great famine [DEFICIENCY] caused by successive failure [STATE] of potato crops [NUMBER] in ireland [PLACE] . the first months [PERIOD] of 1846 were dominated by a battle [PERSON] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] between the free traders [PERSON] and the protectionists [PERSON] over the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] , with the latter [UNKNOWN] rallying around disraeli [PERSON] and lord george [PERSON] bentinck [PERSON] . an alliance [STATE] of free-trade conservatives [UNKNOWN] ( the " peelites [UNKNOWN] " ) , radicals [PERSON] , and whigs [LIQUID] carried repeal [ACT] , and the conservative party [FORCE] split [PLACE] : the peelites [UNKNOWN] moved towards the whigs [LIQUID] , while a " new [PLACE] " conservative party [FORCE] formed around the protectionists [PERSON] , led by disraeli [PERSON] , bentinck [PERSON] , and lord stanley [PERSON] ( later lord derby [PERSON] ) . the split [PLACE] in the tory party [FORCE] over the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] had profound implications [PERSON] for disraeli [PERSON] 's political career [NUMBER] : almost every tory politician [PERSON] with experience [EFFECT] of office [PLACE] followed peel [PERSON] , leaving the rump bereft [PERSON] of leadership [PERSON] . in blake [PERSON] 's words [WORD] , " found himself almost the only figure [FIGURE] on his side capable [PLACE] of putting up the oratorical display [PERSON] essential for a parliamentary leader [PERSON] . " the duke [PERSON] of argyll [PERSON] wrote that disraeli [PERSON] " was like a subaltern [UNKNOWN] in a great battle [PERSON] where every superior officer [TERM] was killed or wounded " . if the tory party [FORCE] could muster the electoral support [ACT] necessary to form [FORM] a government [GOVERNMENT] , then disraeli [PERSON] now seemed to be guaranteed high office [PLACE] , but with a group [GROUP] of men [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] possessed little or no official experience [EFFECT] and who [UNKNOWN] , as a group [GROUP] , remained personally hostile to disraeli [PERSON] . in the event [EVENT] the tory [PERSON] split [PLACE] soon had the party [FORCE] out of office [PLACE] , not regaining power [POWER] until 1852 . the conservatives [UNKNOWN] would not again have a majority [PROPERTY] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] until 1874 . bentinck [PERSON] and the leadership peel [PERSON] successfully steered the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] through parliament [HUMAN GROUP] and was then defeated by an alliance [STATE] of his enemies [PERSON] on the issue [EVENT] of irish [PERSON] law [PERSON] and order [GARMENT] ; he resigned in june [PERIOD] 1846 . the tories [UNKNOWN] remained split [PLACE] , and the queen [PERSON] sent for lord john russell [PERSON] , the whig leader [PERSON] . in the 1847 general election [POWER] , disraeli [PERSON] stood , successfully , for the buckinghamshire constituency [PLACE] . the new [PLACE] house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] had more [PLACE] conservative [PERSON] than whig members [PERSON] , but the depth [AMOUNT] of the tory schism [PERSON] enabled russell [PERSON] to continue to govern . the conservatives [UNKNOWN] were led by bentinck [PERSON] in the commons [UNKNOWN] and stanley [PERSON] in the lords [PERSON] . four men clockwise [PERSON] from top [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] : russell [PERSON] , rothschild [PERSON] , manners [PERSON] and granby [PERSON] in 1847 a small [PERSON] political crisis [EVENT] removed bentinck [PERSON] from the leadership [PERSON] and highlighted disraeli [PERSON] 's differences [STATE] with his own party [FORCE] . in that year [PERIOD] 's general election [POWER] , lionel de rothschild [PERSON] had been returned for the city [PLACE] of london [PLACE] . as a practising jew [PERSON] he could not take the oath [ASSET] of allegiance [STATE] in the prescribed [UNKNOWN] christian [PERSON] form [FORM] , and therefore could not take his seat [PROPERTY] . lord john russell [PERSON] , the whig leader [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] had succeeded peel [PERSON] as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , proposed in the commons [UNKNOWN] that the oath [ASSET] should be amended to permit jews [PERSON] to enter parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . disraeli [PERSON] spoke in favour [PERSON] of the measure [MEASURE] , arguing that christianity [PERSON] was " completed judaism [CONCEPT] " , and asking the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] " where is your christianity [PERSON] if you do not believe in their judaism [CONCEPT] ? " russell [PERSON] and disraeli [PERSON] 's future [VALUE] rival gladstone [PERSON] thought this brave [PERSON] ; the speech [SPEECH] was badly received by his own party [FORCE] . the tories [UNKNOWN] and the anglican establishment [EVENT] were hostile to the bill [PERSON] . with the exception [STATEMENT] of disraeli [PERSON] , every member [PERSON] of the future [VALUE] protectionist cabinet [EVENT] then in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] voted against the measure [MEASURE] . the measure [MEASURE] was voted down . in the aftermath [PLACE] of the debate bentinck [PERSON] resigned the leadership [PERSON] and was succeeded by lord granby [PERSON] ; disraeli [PERSON] 's speech [SPEECH] , thought by many of his own party [FORCE] to be blasphemous , ruled him out for the time being [UNKNOWN] . while these intrigues [UNKNOWN] played out , disraeli [PERSON] was working with the bentinck family [HUMAN GROUP] to secure [UNKNOWN] the necessary financing [QUANTITY] to purchase [AMOUNT] hughenden manor [PERSON] , in buckinghamshire [PLACE] . the possession [STATE] of a country [PLACE] house [PLACE] and incumbency [ACT] of a county constituency [PLACE] were regarded as essential for a tory [PERSON] with leadership ambitions [EVENT] . disraeli [PERSON] and his wife [PERSON] alternated between hughenden [UNKNOWN] and several homes [PERSON] in london [PLACE] for the rest [NUMBER] of their marriage [EVENT] . the negotiations [PROCESS] were complicated by bentinck [PERSON] 's sudden death [EVENT] on 21 september [PERIOD] 1848 , but disraeli [PERSON] obtained a loan [PERSON] of £25,000 from bentinck [PERSON] 's brothers lord henry [PERSON] bentinck [PERSON] and lord titchfield [PERSON] . within a month [PERIOD] of his appointment granby [PERSON] resigned the leadership [PERSON] in the commons [UNKNOWN] and the party [FORCE] functioned without a leader [PERSON] in the commons [UNKNOWN] for the rest [NUMBER] of the session [PERIOD] . at the start [UNKNOWN] of the next session [PERIOD] , affairs [PLACE] were handled by a triumvirate [UNKNOWN] of granby [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] , and john charles [PERSON] herries— indicative of the tension [EMOTION] between disraeli [PERSON] and the rest [NUMBER] of the party [FORCE] , who [UNKNOWN] needed his talents [EVENT] but mistrusted him . this confused arrangement [ARRANGEMENT] ended with granby [PERSON] 's resignation [EVENT] in 1851 ; disraeli [PERSON] effectively ignored the two men [PERSON] regardless . chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer first derby government [GOVERNMENT] main article [ARTICLE] : who [UNKNOWN] ? who [UNKNOWN] ? ministry [INSTITUTION] a stately-looking gentleman [PERSON] in a dark [CONDITION] suit [TENDENCY] , sitting with a book [ENTITY] the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] , prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] 1852 , 1858-59 , 1866-68 in march [PERIOD] 1851 , lord john russell [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] was defeated over a bill [PERSON] to equalise the county [PLACE] and borough franchises [PERMISSION] , mostly because of divisions [PERSON] among his supporters [UNKNOWN] . he resigned , and the queen [PERSON] sent for stanley [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] felt that a minority government [GOVERNMENT] could do little and would not last [UNKNOWN] long , so russell [PERSON] remained in office [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] regretted this , hoping for an opportunity [OPPORTUNITY] , however brief , to show himself capable in office [PLACE] . stanley [PERSON] , in contrast [RESULT] , deprecated his inexperienced followers [METAL] as a reason [EVENT] for not assuming office [PLACE] : " these are not names [NAME] i can put before the queen [PERSON] . " at the end [UNKNOWN] of june [PERIOD] 1851 , stanley [PERSON] succeeded to the title [ACTION] of earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] . the whigs [LIQUID] were wracked by internal dissensions [CONDITION] during the second [PERSON] half [PLACE] of 1851 , much of which parliament [HUMAN GROUP] spent in recess [ACT] . russell [PERSON] dismissed lord palmerston [UNKNOWN] from the cabinet [EVENT] , leaving the latter [UNKNOWN] determined to deprive the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] of office [PLACE] . palmerston [UNKNOWN] did so within weeks [PERIOD] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] 's reassembly on 4 february [PERIOD] 1852 , his followers [METAL] combining with disraeli [PERSON] 's tories [UNKNOWN] to defeat [BODY] the government [GOVERNMENT] on a militia bill [PERSON] , and russell [PERSON] resigned . derby [PERSON] had either to take office [PLACE] or risk [STATEMENT] damage [EVENT] to his reputation [REPUTATION] , and he accepted the queen [PERSON] 's commission [INSTANCE] as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] . palmerston [UNKNOWN] declined any office [PLACE] ; derby [PERSON] had hoped to have him as chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer [AMOUNT] . disraeli [PERSON] , his closest [UNKNOWN] ally , was his second [PERSON] choice [EVENT] and accepted , though disclaiming any great knowledge [STATE] in the financial field [BALL] . gladstone [PERSON] refused to join the government [GOVERNMENT] . disraeli [PERSON] may [PERIOD] have been attracted to the office [PLACE] by the £5,000 annual salary [AMOUNT] , which would help [UNKNOWN] pay his debts [MONEY] . few [UNKNOWN] of the new [PLACE] cabinet [EVENT] had held office [PLACE] before ; when derby [PERSON] tried to inform the duke [PERSON] of wellington [PLACE] of the names [NAME] of the ministers [PERSON] , the old duke [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] was somewhat deaf [UNKNOWN] , inadvertently branded the new [PLACE] government [GOVERNMENT] by incredulously repeating " who [UNKNOWN] ? who [UNKNOWN] ? " in the following weeks [PERIOD] , disraeli [PERSON] served as leader [PERSON] of the house [PLACE] ( with derby [PERSON] as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] in the lords [PERSON] ) and as chancellor [PERSON] . he wrote regular reports [SYMBOL] on proceedings [ACTION] in the commons [UNKNOWN] to victoria [PLACE] , who [UNKNOWN] described them as " very curious " and " much in the style [STYLE] of his books [ENTITY] " . parliament [HUMAN GROUP] was prorogued on 1 july [PERIOD] 1852 as the tories [UNKNOWN] could not govern for long as a minority [GROUP] ; disraeli [PERSON] hoped that they would gain a majority [PROPERTY] of about 40 . instead , the election [POWER] later that month [PERIOD] had no clear winner [PERSON] , and the derby government [GOVERNMENT] held to power [POWER] pending the meeting [ACTIVITY] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . budget disraeli [PERSON] 's task [AMOUNT] as chancellor [PERSON] was to devise a budget [DOCUMENT PART] which would satisfy the protectionist elements [ELEMENT] who [UNKNOWN] supported the tories [UNKNOWN] , without uniting the free-traders against it . his proposed budget [DOCUMENT PART] , which he presented to the commons [UNKNOWN] on 3 december [PERIOD] , lowered the taxes [UNKNOWN] on malt [BEVERAGE] and tea [PERSON] , provisions [UNKNOWN] designed to appeal to the working class [UNKNOWN] . to make his budget [DOCUMENT PART] revenue-neutral , as funds [QUANTITY] were needed to provide defences [PERSON] against the french [PLACE] , he doubled the house tax [PLACE] and continued the income [DISEASE] tax [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] 's overall [GARMENT] purpose [PURPOSE] was to enact policies [RULE] which would benefit the working classes [UNKNOWN] , making his party [FORCE] more [PLACE] attractive to them . although the budget [DOCUMENT PART] did not contain protectionist features [ARTIFACT] , the opposition [EVENT] was prepared to destroy it— and disraeli [PERSON] 's career [NUMBER] as chancellor—in part [PART] out of revenge [FORM] for his actions [ACTION] against peel [PERSON] in 1846 . mp sidney herbert predicted that the budget [DOCUMENT PART] would fail because " jews [PERSON] make no converts [ABSTRACT ENTITY] " . a middle-aged man [PERSON] in victorian clothes [EVENT] gladstone [PERSON] in the 1850s disraeli [PERSON] delivered the budget [DOCUMENT PART] on 3 december [PERIOD] 1852 , and prepared to wind up the debate [STATE] for the government [GOVERNMENT] on 16 december—it [UNKNOWN] was customary for the chancellor [PERSON] to have the last [UNKNOWN] word [WORD] . a massive defeat [BODY] for the government [GOVERNMENT] was predicted . disraeli [PERSON] attacked his opponents [PERSON] individually , and then as a force [FORCE] : " i face [PORTION] a coalition [GROUP] ... this , too , i know , that england [PLACE] does not love [PERSON] coalitions [GROUP] . " his speech [SPEECH] of three hours [PERIOD] was quickly seen as a parliamentary masterpiece [UNKNOWN] . as mps [UNKNOWN] prepared to divide , gladstone [PERSON] rose to his feet [FOOT] and began an angry speech [SPEECH] , despite the efforts [ACTION] of tory mps [UNKNOWN] to shout him down . the interruptions [PERSON] were fewer , as gladstone [PERSON] gained control [GROUP] of the house [PLACE] , and in the next two hours [PERIOD] painted a picture [PICTURE] of disraeli [PERSON] as frivolous and his budget [DOCUMENT PART] as subversive . the government [GOVERNMENT] was defeated by 19 votes [EVENT] , and derby [PERSON] resigned four days [PERIOD] later . he was replaced by the peelite earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [PERSON] , with gladstone [PERSON] as his chancellor [PERSON] . because of disraeli [PERSON] 's unpopularity [PROPERTY] among the peelites [UNKNOWN] , no party reconciliation [UNKNOWN] was possible while he remained tory leader [PERSON] in the commons [UNKNOWN] . opposition [EVENT] with the fall [PERSON] of the government [GOVERNMENT] , disraeli [PERSON] and the conservatives [UNKNOWN] returned to the opposition benches [ENTITY] . disraeli [PERSON] would spend three-quarters of his 44-year parliamentary career [NUMBER] in opposition [EVENT] . derby [PERSON] was reluctant to seek to unseat the government [GOVERNMENT] , fearing a repetition [ACT] of the who [UNKNOWN] ? who [UNKNOWN] ? ministry [INSTITUTION] and knowing that shared dislike of disraeli [PERSON] was part of what had formed the governing coalition [GROUP] . disraeli [PERSON] , on the other hand [PERSON] , was anxious to return [STATEMENT] to office [PLACE] . in the interim [UNKNOWN] , disraeli [PERSON] , as conservative [PERSON] leader [PERSON] in the commons [UNKNOWN] , opposed the government [GOVERNMENT] on all major measures [MEASURE] . in june [PERIOD] 1853 disraeli [PERSON] was awarded an honorary degree [PROCESS] by the university [INSTITUTION] of oxford [INSTITUTION] . he had been recommended for it by lord derby [PERSON] , the university [INSTITUTION] 's chancellor [PERSON] . the start [UNKNOWN] of the crimean war [EVENT] in 1854 caused a lull [PERIOD] in party politics [ACTION] ; disraeli [PERSON] spoke patriotically in support [ACT] . the british [UNKNOWN] military efforts [ACTION] were marked by bungling , and in 1855 a restive parliament [HUMAN GROUP] considered a resolution [EVENT] to establish a committee [HUMAN GROUP] on the conduct [ACT] of the war [EVENT] . the aberdeen government [GOVERNMENT] made this a motion [REQUEST] of confidence [EMOTION] ; disraeli [PERSON] led the opposition [EVENT] to defeat [BODY] the government [GOVERNMENT] , 305 to 148 . aberdeen [PERSON] resigned , and the queen [PERSON] sent for derby [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] to disraeli [PERSON] 's frustration [PERSON] refused to take office [PLACE] . palmerston [UNKNOWN] was deemed essential to any whig ministry [INSTITUTION] , and he would not join any he did not head [HEAD] . the queen [PERSON] reluctantly asked palmerston [UNKNOWN] to form [FORM] a government [GOVERNMENT] . under palmerston [UNKNOWN] , the war [EVENT] went better , and was ended by the treaty [ARTIFACT] of paris [PLACE] in early 1856 . disraeli [PERSON] was early to call for peace [EVENT] but had little influence [POWER] on events [PLACE] . when a rebellion [FORCE] broke out in india [PLACE] in 1857 , disraeli [PERSON] took a keen interest [ELEMENT] , having been a member [PERSON] of a select committee [HUMAN GROUP] in 1852 which considered how best to rule [RULE] the subcontinent [PLACE] , and had proposed eliminating the governing role [ROLE] of the british east india [PLACE] company [INSTITUTION] . after peace [EVENT] was restored , and palmerston [UNKNOWN] in early 1858 brought in legislation [PERSON] for direct rule [RULE] of india [PLACE] by the crown [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] opposed it . many conservative [PERSON] mps [UNKNOWN] refused to follow him , and the bill [PERSON] passed the commons [UNKNOWN] easily . palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's grip [PERSON] on the premiership [POSITION] was weakened by his response [ACT] to the orsini affair [PLACE] , in which an attempt [ACTION] was made to assassinate the french emperor [PERSON] napoleon iii [PERSON] by an italian revolutionary [PERSON] with a bomb [BOMB] made in birmingham [PLACE] . at the request [REQUEST] of the french [PLACE] ambassador [ENTITY] , palmerston [UNKNOWN] proposed amending the conspiracy [DOCUMENT PART] to murder statute [PERSON] to make creating an infernal device [DEVICE] a felony [PERSON] . he was defeated by 19 votes [EVENT] on the second [PERSON] reading [PROPERTY] , with many liberals [PERSON] crossing the aisle [PLACE] against him . he immediately resigned , and lord derby [PERSON] returned to office [PLACE] . second [PERSON] derby government [GOVERNMENT] main article [ARTICLE] : second [PERSON] derby-disraeli ministry [INSTITUTION] derby [PERSON] took office [PLACE] at the head [HEAD] of a purely [UNKNOWN] " conservative [PERSON] " administration [PLACE] , not in coalition [GROUP] . he again offered a place [PLACE] to gladstone [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] declined . disraeli [PERSON] was once more [PLACE] leader [PERSON] of the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] and returned to the exchequer [AMOUNT] . as in 1852 , derby [PERSON] led a minority government [GOVERNMENT] , dependent [RESULT] on the division [PERSON] of its opponents [PERSON] for survival [FORM] . as leader [PERSON] of the house [PLACE] , disraeli [PERSON] resumed his regular reports [SYMBOL] to queen victoria [PLACE] , who [UNKNOWN] had requested that he include what she " could not meet in newspapers [UNKNOWN] " . during its brief life [EVENT] of just over a year [PERIOD] , the derby government [GOVERNMENT] proved moderately progressive . the government [GOVERNMENT] of india act [ACT] 1858 ended the role [ROLE] of the east india [PLACE] company [INSTITUTION] in governing the subcontinent [PLACE] . the thames purification bill [PERSON] funded the construction [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of much larger sewers [EVENT] for london [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] had supported efforts [ACTION] to allow jews [PERSON] to sit in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] with a bill [PERSON] passed through the commons [UNKNOWN] allowing each house [PLACE] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to determine what oaths its members [PERSON] should take . this was grudgingly agreed to by the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] , with a minority [GROUP] of conservatives [UNKNOWN] joining with the opposition [EVENT] to pass it . in 1858 , baron lionel de rothschild [PERSON] [PERSON] became the first mp to profess the jewish [UNKNOWN] faith [PERSON] . faced with a vacancy [QUANTITY] , disraeli [PERSON] and derby [PERSON] tried yet again to bring gladstone [PERSON] , still nominally a conservative [PERSON] mp , into the government [GOVERNMENT] , hoping to strengthen it . disraeli [PERSON] wrote a personal letter [PURPOSE] to gladstone [PERSON] , asking him to place [PLACE] the good [UNKNOWN] of the party [FORCE] above personal animosity [PROPERTY] : " every man [PERSON] performs his office [PLACE] , and there is a power [POWER] , greater than ourselves [UNKNOWN] , that disposes [PERSON] of all this . " in response [ACT] , gladstone [PERSON] denied that personal feelings [ACTIVITY] played any role [ROLE] in his decisions [DECISION] then and previously whether to accept office [PLACE] , while acknowledging that there were differences [STATE] between him and derby [PERSON] " broader than you may [PERIOD] have supposed " . the tories [UNKNOWN] pursued a reform bill [PERSON] in 1859 , which would have resulted in a modest increase [INCREASE] to the franchise [PERMISSION] . the liberals [PERSON] were healing the breaches [AMOUNT] between those who [UNKNOWN] favoured russell [PERSON] and the palmerston loyalists [PERSON] , and in late [PERIOD] march [PERIOD] 1859 , the government [GOVERNMENT] was defeated on a russell-sponsored amendment [EVENT] . derby [PERSON] dissolved parliament [HUMAN GROUP] , and the ensuing general election [POWER] resulted in modest tory gains [PERSON] , but not enough to control [GROUP] the commons [UNKNOWN] . when parliament [HUMAN GROUP] assembled , derby [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] was defeated by 13 votes [EVENT] on an amendment [EVENT] to the address [UNKNOWN] from the throne [EVENT] . he resigned , and the queen [PERSON] reluctantly sent for palmerston [UNKNOWN] again . opposition [EVENT] and third term [TERM] as chancellor main article [ARTICLE] : third derby-disraeli ministry [INSTITUTION] after derby [PERSON] 's second [PERSON] ejection [EVENT] from office [PLACE] , disraeli [PERSON] faced dissension [CONDITION] within conservative [PERSON] ranks [RANK] from those who [UNKNOWN] blamed him for the defeat [BODY] , or who [UNKNOWN] felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] warned disraeli [PERSON] of some mps [UNKNOWN] seeking his removal [ACT] from the front bench [ENTITY] . among the conspirators [PERSON] were lord robert cecil [PERSON] [PERSON] , a conservative [PERSON] mp who [UNKNOWN] would a quarter century [PERIOD] later become prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] as lord salisbury [PERSON] ; he wrote that having disraeli [PERSON] as leader [PERSON] in the commons [UNKNOWN] decreased the conservatives [UNKNOWN] ' chance [PERSON] of holding office [PLACE] . when cecil [PERSON] 's father [PERSON] objected , lord robert [PERSON] stated , " i have merely put into print [SPEECH ACT] what all the country [PLACE] gentlemen [PLACE] were saying in private [PERSON] . " a young man [PERSON] with dark [CONDITION] hair [HAIR] and huge [UNKNOWN] sideburns lord robert cecil [PERSON] [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] 's fierce opponent [PERSON] in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli [PERSON] led a toothless opposition [EVENT] in the commons—seeing [UNKNOWN] no way [UNKNOWN] of unseating palmerston [UNKNOWN] , derby [PERSON] privately agreed not to seek the government [GOVERNMENT] 's defeat [BODY] . disraeli [PERSON] kept himself informed on foreign affairs [PLACE] , and on what was going on in cabinet [EVENT] , thanks to a source [RANK] within it . when the american civil war [EVENT] began in 1861 , disraeli [PERSON] said little publicly , but like most englishmen [UNKNOWN] expected the south [PLACE] to win . less reticent [UNKNOWN] were palmerston [UNKNOWN] , gladstone [PERSON] , and russell [PERSON] , whose statements [STATEMENT] in support [ACT] of the south [PLACE] contributed to years [PERIOD] of hard feelings [ACTIVITY] in the united states [PLACE] . in 1862 , disraeli [PERSON] met prussian count otto von bismarck [FOOD] and said of him , " be careful about that man [PERSON] , he means what he says " . the party truce [AGREEMENT] ended in 1864 , with tories [UNKNOWN] outraged over palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's handling [AMOUNT] of the territorial dispute [DISPUTE] between the german confederation [STATE] and denmark [PLACE] known as the schleswig-holstein question [QUESTION] . disraeli [PERSON] had little help [UNKNOWN] from derby [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] was ill [PERSON] , but he united the party [FORCE] enough on a no-confidence vote [EVENT] to limit the government [GOVERNMENT] to a majority [PROPERTY] of 18— tory defections [PERSON] and absentees [EVENT] kept palmerston [UNKNOWN] in office [PLACE] . despite rumours [STATEMENT] about palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's health [PROPERTY] as he turned 80 , he remained personally popular , and the liberals [PERSON] increased their margin [GROUP] in the july [PERIOD] 1865 general election [POWER] . in the wake [PLACE] of the poor [UNKNOWN] election results [RESULT] , derby [PERSON] predicted to disraeli [PERSON] that neither of them would ever hold office [PLACE] again . political plans [UNKNOWN] were thrown into disarray [DEFICIENCY] by palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's death [EVENT] on 18 october [PERIOD] 1865 . russell [PERSON] became prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] again , with gladstone [PERSON] clearly the liberal party [FORCE] 's leader-in-waiting , and as leader [PERSON] of the house disraeli [PERSON] 's direct opponent [PERSON] . one of russell [PERSON] 's early priorities [PERSON] was a reform bill [PERSON] , but the proposed legislation [PERSON] that gladstone [PERSON] announced on 12 march [PERIOD] 1866 divided his party [FORCE] . the conservatives [UNKNOWN] and the dissident liberals [PERSON] repeatedly attacked gladstone [PERSON] 's bill [PERSON] , and in june [PERIOD] finally defeated the government [GOVERNMENT] ; russell [PERSON] resigned on 26 june [PERIOD] . the dissidents [PERSON] were unwilling to serve under disraeli [PERSON] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] , and derby [PERSON] formed a third conservative [PERSON] minority government [GOVERNMENT] , with disraeli [PERSON] again as chancellor [PERSON] . tory democrat [PERSON] : the 1867 reform act [ACT] it was disraeli [PERSON] 's belief [TRUST] that if given the vote british [UNKNOWN] people [HUMAN GROUP] would use [USE] it instinctively to put their natural and traditional [UNKNOWN] rulers [PLACE] , the gentlemen [PLACE] of the conservative party [FORCE] , into power [POWER] . responding to renewed agitation [PROPERTY] for popular suffrage [CONCLUSION] , disraeli [PERSON] persuaded a majority [PROPERTY] of the cabinet [EVENT] to agree to a reform bill [PERSON] . with what derby [PERSON] cautioned was " a leap [PERSON] in the dark [CONDITION] " , disraeli [PERSON] had outflanked the liberals [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] , as the supposed champions [PERSON] of reform [AMOUNT] , dared not oppose him . in the absence [ABSENCE] of a credible party rival [PERSON] and for fear [EMOTION] of having an election [POWER] called on the issue [EVENT] , conservatives [UNKNOWN] felt obliged to support [ACT] disraeli [PERSON] despite their misgivings [POSITION] . there were tory [PERSON] dissenters [PERSON] , most notably lord cranborne [UNKNOWN] ( as robert cecil [PERSON] was by then known ) who [UNKNOWN] resigned from the government [GOVERNMENT] and spoke against the bill [PERSON] , accusing disraeli [PERSON] of " a political betrayal [ACT] which has no parallel [PROPOSITION] in our parliamentary annals [UNKNOWN] " . even as disraeli [PERSON] accepted liberal amendments [EVENT] ( although pointedly refusing those moved by gladstone [PERSON] ) that further lowered the property qualification [DOCUMENT] , cranborne [UNKNOWN] was unable to lead an effective rebellion [FORCE] . disraeli [PERSON] gained wide acclaim [STATEMENT] and became a hero [PERSON] to his party [FORCE] for the " marvellous parliamentary skill [SKILL] " with which he secured the passage [EVENT] of reform [AMOUNT] in the commons [UNKNOWN] . from the liberal [PERSON] benches too there was admiration [EVENT] . mp for nottingham bernal ostborne [PERSON] declared : i have always thought the chancellor [PERSON] of exchequer [AMOUNT] was the greatest radical [PERSON] in the house [PLACE] . he has achieved what no other man [PERSON] in the country [PLACE] could have done . he has lugged up that great omnibus full of stupid , heavy , country [PLACE] gentlemen--i only say ' stupid ' in the parliamentary sense--and has converted these conservative [PERSON] into radical reformers [PERSON] . the reform act [ACT] 1867 passed that august [PERIOD] . it extended the franchise [PERMISSION] by 938,427 men—an increase [INCREASE] of 88% —by giving the vote [EVENT] to male householders [PERSON] and male lodgers [PERSON] paying at least £10 for rooms [ROOM] . it eliminated rotten boroughs [ESTATE] with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants [PLACE] , and granted constituencies [PLACE] to 15 unrepresented towns [ENTITY] , with extra representation [ACT] to large municipalities [EVENT] such as liverpool [PLACE] and manchester [PLACE] . prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] ( 1868 ) first term main articles [ARTICLE] : first premiership [POSITION] of benjamin disraeli [PERSON] and first disraeli [PERSON] ministry [INSTITUTION] derby [PERSON] had long had attacks [EVENT] of gout [CONDITION] which left [UNKNOWN] him bedbound [UNKNOWN] , unable to deal [SITUATION] with politics [ACTION] . as the new [PLACE] session [PERIOD] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] approached in february [PERIOD] 1868 , he was unable to leave his home [PLACE] but was reluctant to resign , as at 68 he was much younger than either palmerston [UNKNOWN] or russell [PERSON] at the end [UNKNOWN] of their premierships [POSITION] . derby [PERSON] knew that his " attacks [EVENT] of illness [ILLNESS] would , at no distant period [PERIOD] , incapacitate me from the discharge [AMOUNT] of my public [UNKNOWN] duties [ATTITUDE] " ; doctors [RESOURCE] had warned him that his health [PROPERTY] required his resignation [EVENT] . in late [PERIOD] february [PERIOD] , with parliament [HUMAN GROUP] in session [PERIOD] and derby [PERSON] absent [UNKNOWN] , he wrote to disraeli [PERSON] asking for confirmation [ACTION] that " you will not shrink from the additional heavy responsibility [RESPONSIBILITY] " . reassured [UNKNOWN] , he wrote to the queen [PERSON] , resigning and recommending disraeli [PERSON] as " only he could command the cordial support [ACT] , en masse [UNKNOWN] , of his present colleagues [PERSON] " . disraeli [PERSON] went to osborne house [PLACE] on the isle [PLACE] of wight [EVENT] , where the queen [PERSON] asked him to form [FORM] a government [GOVERNMENT] . the monarch [PERSON] wrote to her daughter [PERSON] , prussian crown [PERSON] princess victoria [PLACE] , " mr . disraeli [PERSON] is prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] ! a proud thing [ENTITY] for a man [PERSON] 'risen from the people [HUMAN GROUP] ' to have obtained ! " the new [PLACE] prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] told those who [UNKNOWN] came to congratulate him , " i have climbed to the top [PERSON] of the greasy pole [PERSON] . " first government [GOVERNMENT] , february-december 1868 four men [PERSON] , the second [PERSON] of whom wears a wig [HEAD] resembling that of a judge [PERSON] , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise [PERSON] from top [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] : chelmsford [PERSON] , cairns [PERSON] , hunt [PERSON] and manning the conservatives [UNKNOWN] remained a minority [GROUP] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] and the passage [EVENT] of the reform bill [PERSON] required the calling [PERSON] of a new [PLACE] election [POWER] once the new [PLACE] voting register [UNIT] had been compiled . disraeli [PERSON] 's term [TERM] as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , which began in february [PERIOD] 1868 , would therefore be short [PERMISSION] unless the conservatives [UNKNOWN] won the general election [POWER] . he made only two major changes [UNKNOWN] in the cabinet [EVENT] : he replaced lord chelmsford [PERSON] as lord chancellor [PERSON] with lord cairns [PERSON] and brought in george ward hunt [PERSON] as chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer [AMOUNT] . derby [PERSON] had intended to replace chelmsford [PERSON] once a vacancy [QUANTITY] in a suitable sinecure [POSITION] developed . disraeli [PERSON] was unwilling to wait , and cairns [PERSON] , in his view [PERSON] , was a far [UNKNOWN] stronger minister [HUMAN ROLE] . disraeli [PERSON] 's first premiership [POSITION] was dominated by the heated debate [STATE] over the church [PERSON] of ireland [PLACE] . although ireland [PLACE] was largely roman catholic [PERSON] , the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] represented most landowners [PERSON] . it remained the established church [PERSON] and was funded by direct taxation [MONEY] , which was greatly resented by the catholics [UNKNOWN] and presbyterians [UNKNOWN] . an initial attempt [ACTION] by disraeli [PERSON] to negotiate with archbishop [PERSON] manning the establishment [EVENT] of a catholic [PERSON] university [INSTITUTION] in dublin [PLACE] foundered in march [PERIOD] when gladstone [PERSON] moved resolutions [EVENT] to disestablish the irish church [PERSON] altogether . the proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] united the liberals [PERSON] under gladstone [PERSON] 's leadership [PERSON] , while causing divisions [PERSON] among the conservatives [UNKNOWN] . the conservatives [UNKNOWN] remained in office [PLACE] because the new [PLACE] electoral register [UNIT] was not yet ready ; neither party [FORCE] wished a poll [PERSON] under the old roll [PERSON] . gladstone [PERSON] began using the liberal [PERSON] majority [PROPERTY] in the commons [UNKNOWN] to push through resolutions [EVENT] and legislation [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] survived until the december general election [POWER] [POWER] , at which the liberals [PERSON] were returned to power [POWER] with a majority [PROPERTY] . in its short [PERMISSION] life [EVENT] , the first disraeli government [GOVERNMENT] passed noncontroversial laws [PERSON] . it ended public [UNKNOWN] executions [CONDITION] , and the corrupt practices act [ACT] did much to end [UNKNOWN] electoral bribery [EVENT] . it authorised an early version [PERMISSION] of nationalisation [ACT] , having the post office [PLACE] buy up the telegraph companies [UNKNOWN] . amendments [EVENT] to the school law [PERSON] , the scottish legal system [SYSTEM] , and the railway laws [PERSON] were passed . in addition [PERSON] , the public health [PROPERTY] ( scotland [PLACE] ) act [ACT] instituted sanitary inspectors [PERSON] and medical officers [TERM] . according to one study [STUDY] , " better sanitation [PLACE] was enforced throughout scotland [PLACE] . " disraeli [PERSON] sent the successful expedition [ACT] against tewodros [PERSON] ii of ethiopia [PLACE] under sir robert napier [PERSON] . opposition leader [PERSON] ; 1874 election [POWER] disraeli [PERSON] circa 1870 given gladstone [PERSON] 's majority [PROPERTY] in the commons [UNKNOWN] , disraeli [PERSON] could do little but protest [GROUP] as the government [GOVERNMENT] advanced legislation [PERSON] ; he chose to await liberal [PERSON] mistakes [EVENT] . he used this leisure time [PERIOD] to write a new [PLACE] novel [EVENT] , lothair [PERSON] ( 1870 ) . a work [ACTIVITY] of fiction [STATEMENT] by a former prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] was a novelty [EVENT] for britain [PLACE] , and the book [ENTITY] became a bestseller [COLLECTION] . by 1872 there was dissent in the conservative [PERSON] ranks [RANK] over the failure [STATE] to challenge [ACTION] gladstone [PERSON] . this was quieted as disraeli [PERSON] took steps [NAME] to assert his leadership [PERSON] , and as divisions [PERSON] among the liberals [PERSON] became clear . public [UNKNOWN] support [ACT] for disraeli [PERSON] was shown by cheering at a thanksgiving service [INSTITUTION] in 1872 on the recovery [DECISION] of the prince [PERSON] of wales [PLACE] from illness [ILLNESS] , while gladstone [PERSON] was met with silence [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] had supported the efforts [ACTION] of party manager john eldon gorst [PERSON] to put the administration [PLACE] of the conservative party [FORCE] on a modern basis [RESULT] . on gorst [PERSON] 's advice [DECISION] , disraeli [PERSON] gave a speech [SPEECH] to a mass [QUANTITY] meeting [ACTIVITY] in manchester [PLACE] that year [PERIOD] . to roaring approval [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , he compared the liberal [PERSON] front bench [ENTITY] to " a range [PARTICLE] of exhausted volcanoes... but the situation [SITUATION] is still dangerous . there are occasional earthquakes [OCCURRENCE] and ever and again the dark [CONDITION] rumbling of the sea [PLACE] . " gladstone [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] stated , dominated the scene [SET] and " alternated between a menace [PERSON] and a sigh [PERSON] " . at his first departure [EVENT] from 10 downing street [PLACE] in 1868 , disraeli [PERSON] had victoria [PLACE] make his wife mary anne viscountess [PERSON] beaconsfield [PLACE] in her own right [UNKNOWN] in lieu [PERSON] of a peerage [COLLECTION] for himself . through 1872 the eighty-year-old peeress [UNKNOWN] had stomach cancer [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . she died on 15 december [PERIOD] . urged by a clergyman [DEVICE] to turn her thoughts [AMOUNT] to jesus christ [PERSON] in her final days [PERIOD] , she said she could not : " you know dizzy [DEVICE] is my j.c. " in 1873 , gladstone [PERSON] brought forward legislation [PERSON] to establish a catholic [PERSON] university [INSTITUTION] in dublin [PLACE] . this divided the liberals [PERSON] , and on 12 march [PERIOD] an alliance [STATE] of conservatives [UNKNOWN] and irish catholics [UNKNOWN] defeated the government [GOVERNMENT] by three votes [EVENT] . gladstone [PERSON] resigned , and the queen [PERSON] sent for disraeli [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] refused to take office [PLACE] . without a general election [POWER] , a conservative [PERSON] government [GOVERNMENT] would be another minority [GROUP] ; disraeli [PERSON] wanted the power [POWER] a majority [PROPERTY] would bring and felt he could gain it later by leaving the liberals [PERSON] in office [PLACE] now . gladstone [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] struggled on , beset by scandal and unimproved by a reshuffle [INSTANCE] . as part of that change [UNKNOWN] , gladstone [PERSON] took on the office [PLACE] of chancellor [PERSON] , leading to questions [QUESTION] as to whether he had to stand for re-election on taking on a second [PERSON] ministry— until the 1920s , mps [UNKNOWN] becoming ministers [PERSON] had to seek re-election . in january [PERIOD] 1874 , gladstone [PERSON] called a general election [POWER] , convinced that if he waited longer , he would do worse at the polls [CONCLUSION] . balloting was spread over two weeks [PERIOD] , beginning on 1 february [PERIOD] . as the constituencies [PLACE] voted , it became clear that the result [RESULT] would be a conservative [PERSON] majority [PROPERTY] , the first since 1841 . in scotland [PLACE] , where the conservatives [UNKNOWN] were perennially weak , they increased from seven seats [PROPERTY] to nineteen . overall [GARMENT] , they won 350 seats [PROPERTY] to 245 for the liberals [PERSON] and 57 for the irish home [PLACE] rule [RULE] league [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] became prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] for the second [PERSON] time [PERIOD] . prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] ( 1874-1880 ) second [PERSON] term main articles [ARTICLE] : second [PERSON] premiership [POSITION] of benjamin disraeli [PERSON] and second disraeli [PERSON] ministry [INSTITUTION] two gentlemen [PLACE] , the second [PERSON] bearded derby [PERSON] ( top [PERSON] ) and northcote disraeli [PERSON] 's cabinet [EVENT] of twelve , with six peers [PERSON] and six commoners [PERSON] , was the smallest [PERSON] since reform [AMOUNT] . of the peers [PERSON] , five of them had been in disraeli [PERSON] 's 1868 cabinet [EVENT] ; the sixth [RESULT] , lord salisbury [PERSON] , was reconciled to disraeli [PERSON] after negotiation [PROCESS] and became secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for india [PLACE] . lord stanley [PERSON] ( who [UNKNOWN] had succeeded his father [PERSON] , the former prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , as earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] ) became foreign secretary [PERSON] and sir stafford northcote [PERSON] the chancellor [PERSON] . in august [PERIOD] 1876 , disraeli [PERSON] was elevated to the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] as earl [PERSON] of beaconsfield [PLACE] and viscount hughenden [UNKNOWN] . the queen [PERSON] had offered to ennoble him as early as 1868 ; he had then declined . she did so again in 1874 , when he fell ill [PERSON] at balmoral [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , but he was reluctant to leave the commons [UNKNOWN] for a house [PLACE] in which he had no experience [EFFECT] . continued ill [PERSON] health [PROPERTY] during his second [PERSON] premiership [POSITION] caused him to contemplate resignation [EVENT] , but his lieutenant [PERSON] , derby [PERSON] , was unwilling , feeling that he could not manage the queen [PERSON] . for disraeli [PERSON] , the lords [PERSON] , where the debate [STATE] was less intense , was the alternative [EVENT] to resignation [EVENT] . five days [PERIOD] before the end [UNKNOWN] of the 1876 session [PERIOD] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] , on 11 august [PERIOD] , disraeli [PERSON] was seen to linger [PERSON] and look around the chamber [PERSON] before departing . newspapers [UNKNOWN] reported his ennoblement [UNKNOWN] the following morning [PERSON] . in addition [PERSON] to the viscounty [UNKNOWN] bestowed on mary anne disraeli [PERSON] , the earldom [UNKNOWN] of beaconsfield [PLACE] was to have been bestowed on edmund burke [PERSON] in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . the name beaconsfield [PLACE] , a town [PLACE] near hughenden [UNKNOWN] , was given to a minor character [FORCE] in vivian grey [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] made various statements [STATEMENT] about his elevation [EVENT] , writing [UNKNOWN] to selina [PERSON] , lady bradford [PERSON] on 8 august [PERIOD] 1876 , " i am quite tired of that place [PLACE] " but when asked by a friend [PERSON] how he liked the lords [PERSON] , replied , " i am dead ; dead but in the elysian fields [BALL] . " domestic policy legislation [PERSON] under the stewardship [RANK] of richard assheton cross [PERSON] , the home secretary [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] 's new [PLACE] government [GOVERNMENT] enacted many reforms [PERSON] , including the artisans [PERSON] ' and labourers [UNKNOWN] ' dwellings improvement act [ACT] 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict [UNKNOWN] . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans [AGREEMENT] available to towns [ENTITY] and cities [SET] to construct working-class housing [ACQUISITION] . also enacted were the public health [PROPERTY] act [ACT] 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict [UNKNOWN] . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes [PERSON] , the sale [RESULT] of food [FOOD] and drugs act [ACT] 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict [UNKNOWN] . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education [PROCESS] act [ACT] 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict [UNKNOWN] . c. 70 ) . disraeli [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] introduced a new [PLACE] factory act [ACT] meant to protect workers [UNKNOWN] , the conspiracy [DOCUMENT PART] , and protection [ACT] of property act [ACT] 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict [UNKNOWN] . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing [PERSON] , and the employers [PERSON] and workmen act [ACT] 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict [UNKNOWN] . c. 90 ) to enable workers [UNKNOWN] to sue employers [PERSON] in the civil courts [EVENT] if they broke legal contracts [PERSON] . the sale [RESULT] of food [FOOD] and drugs act [ACT] 1875 prohibited the mixing [ACT] of injurious ingredients [TENDENCY] with articles [ARTICLE] of food [FOOD] or with drugs [DRUG] , and provision [UNKNOWN] was made for the appointment [DECISION] of analysts [PERSON] ; all tea [PERSON] " had to be examined by a customs [EVENT] official on importation [PERSON] , and when in the opinion [TRUST] of the analyst [PERSON] it was unfit for food [FOOD] , the tea [PERSON] had to be destroyed " . the employers [PERSON] and workmen act [ACT] 1875 , according to one study [STUDY] , " finally placed employers [PERSON] and employed on an equal [PERSON] footing before the law [PERSON] " . the conspiracy [DOCUMENT PART] , and protection [ACT] of property [PROPERTY] act [ACT] 1875 established the right [UNKNOWN] to strike by providing that " an agreement [AGREEMENT] or combination [ACT] by one or more [PLACE] persons [PERSON] to do , or procure [UNKNOWN] to be done , any act [ACT] in contemplation [STATE] or furtherance [ACT] of a trade dispute [DISPUTE] between employers [PERSON] and workmen [PERSON] , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy [DOCUMENT PART] if such act [ACT] committed by one person [PERSON] would not be punishable as a crime [EVENT] " . as a result [RESULT] of these social reforms [PERSON] the liberal-labour mp alexander macdonald told his constituents [PERSON] in 1879 , " the conservative party [FORCE] have done more [PLACE] for the working classes [UNKNOWN] in five years [PERIOD] than the liberals [PERSON] have in fifty [PERSON] . " civil service [INSTITUTION] disraeli [PERSON] 's failure [STATE] to appoint samuel wilberforce [PERSON] as bishop [PERSON] of london [PLACE] may [PERIOD] have cost [EVENT] him votes [EVENT] in the 1868 election [POWER] . gladstone [PERSON] in 1870 had sponsored an order [GARMENT] in council [HUMAN GROUP] , introducing competitive examination [PERIOD] into the civil service [INSTITUTION] , diminishing the political aspects [INSTANCE] of government [GOVERNMENT] hiring . disraeli [PERSON] did not agree , and while he did not seek to reverse [PORTION] the order [GARMENT] , his actions [ACTION] often frustrated its intent [STATE] . for example [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , disraeli [PERSON] made political appointments [DECISION] to positions [POSITION] previously given to career [NUMBER] civil servants [PERSON] . he was backed by his party [FORCE] , hungry [UNKNOWN] for office [PLACE] and its emoluments [INSTANCE] after almost thirty years [PERIOD] with only brief spells [LANGUAGE] in government [GOVERNMENT] . disraeli [PERSON] gave positions [POSITION] to hard-up conservative [PERSON] leaders [PERSON] , even—to gladstone [PERSON] 's outrage— creating one office [PLACE] at £2,000 per year [PERIOD] . nevertheless , disraeli [PERSON] made fewer peers [PERSON] ( only 22 , including one of victoria [PLACE] 's sons [PERSON] ) than had gladstone [PERSON] ( 37 during his just over five years [PERIOD] in office [PLACE] ) . as he had in government posts [UNKNOWN] , disraeli [PERSON] rewarded old friends [PERSON] with clerical positions [POSITION] , making sydney turner [PERSON] , son [PERSON] of a good [UNKNOWN] friend [PERSON] of isaac d' israeli [PERSON] , dean [PERSON] of ripon [PERSON] . he favoured low [ABSTRACT ENTITY] church [PERSON] clergymen [DEVICE] in promotion [RESULT] , disliking other movements [UNKNOWN] in anglicanism [CONCEPT] for political reasons [EVENT] . in this , he came into disagreement [EVENT] with the queen [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] out of loyalty [STATE] to her late [PERIOD] husband albert [PERSON] preferred broad church [PERSON] teachings [PERSON] . one controversial appointment [DECISION] had occurred shortly before the 1868 election [POWER] . when the position [POSITION] of archbishop [PERSON] of canterbury [PLACE] fell vacant [UNKNOWN] , disraeli [PERSON] reluctantly agreed to the queen [PERSON] 's preferred candidate [PERSON] , archibald tait [PERSON] , the bishop [PERSON] of london [PLACE] . to fill tait [PERSON] 's vacant [UNKNOWN] see [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] was urged by many people [HUMAN GROUP] to appoint samuel wilberforce [PERSON] , the former bishop [PERSON] of winchester [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] disliked wilberforce [PERSON] and instead appointed john jackson [PERSON] , the bishop [PERSON] of lincoln [PERSON] . blake [PERSON] suggested that , on balance [GARMENT] , these appointments [DECISION] cost [EVENT] disraeli [PERSON] more [PLACE] votes [EVENT] than they gained him . foreign policy disraeli [PERSON] always considered foreign affairs [PLACE] to be the most critical and interesting part of statesmanship [SKILL] . nevertheless , his biographer robert blake [PERSON] [PERSON] doubts that his subject [ABILITY] had specific ideas [ACT] about foreign policy [RULE] when he took office [PLACE] in 1874 . he had rarely travelled abroad ; since his youthful tour [EVENT] of the middle east [PLACE] in 1830-1831 , he had left [UNKNOWN] britain [PLACE] only for his honeymoon [ACT] and three visits [EVENT] to paris [PLACE] , the last [UNKNOWN] of which was in 1856 . as he had criticised gladstone [PERSON] for a do-nothing foreign policy [RULE] , he most probably contemplated what actions [ACTION] would reassert britain [PLACE] 's place [PLACE] in europe [PLACE] . his brief first premiership [POSITION] , and the first year [PERIOD] of his second [PERSON] , gave him little opportunity [OPPORTUNITY] to make his mark [ORGANISATION] in foreign affairs [PLACE] . suez portrait [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] published in 1873 refer [UNKNOWN] to caption new [PLACE] crowns [UNKNOWN] for old depicts disraeli [PERSON] as abanazar [UNKNOWN] from the pantomime aladdin [PERSON] , offering victoria [PLACE] an imperial crown [PERSON] in exchange [RESULT] for a royal one . disraeli [PERSON] cultivated a public [UNKNOWN] image [IMAGE] of himself as an imperialist [PERSON] with grand gestures [ACTION] such as conferring on queen victoria [PLACE] the title [ACTION] " empress [EVENT] of india [PLACE] " . the suez canal [PERSON] , opened in 1869 , cut weeks [PERIOD] and thousands [UNKNOWN] of miles [COLLECTION] off the sea journey [PERSON] between britain [PLACE] and india [PLACE] ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships [SHIP] using the canal [PERSON] were british [UNKNOWN] . in the event [EVENT] of another rebellion [FORCE] in india [PLACE] or a russian invasion [GROUP] , the time [PERIOD] saved at suez [PERSON] might be crucial . built by french [PLACE] interests [ELEMENT] , 56 % of the stocks [PERSON] in the canal [PERSON] remained in their hands [PERSON] , while 44 % of the stock [PERSON] belonged to isma [PERSON] 'il pasha [PERSON] , the khedive [UNKNOWN] of egypt [PLACE] . he was notorious for his profligate [PERSON] spending . the canal [PERSON] was losing [PROCESS] money [MONEY] , and an attempt [ACTION] by ferdinand de lesseps [PLACE] , builder [ARTIFACT] of the canal [PERSON] , to raise the tolls [INSTANCE] had fallen through when the khedive [UNKNOWN] had threatened military force [FORCE] to prevent it , and had also attracted disraeli [PERSON] 's attention [ELEMENT] . the khedive [UNKNOWN] governed egypt [PLACE] under the ottoman empire [STATE] ; as in the crimea [PLACE] , the issue [EVENT] of the canal [PERSON] raised the eastern question [QUESTION] of what to do about the decaying empire [STATE] governed from constantinople [UNKNOWN] . with much of the pre-canal trade [PERSON] and communications [UNKNOWN] between britain [PLACE] and india [PLACE] passing through the ottoman empire [STATE] , britain [PLACE] had done its best to prop up the ottomans [PLACE] against the threat [PERSON] that russia [PLACE] would take constantinople [UNKNOWN] , cutting those communications [UNKNOWN] , and giving russian ships [SHIP] unfettered access [OCCURRENCE] to the mediterranean [PLACE] . the french [PLACE] might also threaten those lines [PERSON] . britain [PLACE] had had the opportunity [OPPORTUNITY] to purchase [AMOUNT] shares [ACTION] in the canal [PERSON] but had declined to do so . disraeli [PERSON] sent the liberal mp nathan rothschild [PERSON] to paris [PLACE] to enquire about buying de lesseps [PLACE] 's shares [ACTION] . on 14 november [PERIOD] 1875 , the editor [PERSON] of the pall mall gazette [PERSON] , frederick greenwood [PERSON] , learned from london banker [PLACE] henry [PERSON] oppenheim [PERSON] that the khedive [UNKNOWN] was seeking to sell his shares [ACTION] in the suez canal [PERSON] company [INSTITUTION] to a french [PLACE] firm [INSTITUTION] . greenwood [PERSON] quickly told lord derby [PERSON] , the foreign secretary [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] notified disraeli [PERSON] . the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] moved immediately to secure [UNKNOWN] the shares [ACTION] . on 23 november [PERIOD] , the khedive [UNKNOWN] offered to sell the shares [ACTION] for 100,000,000 francs [ARTIFACT] . rather than seek the aid [QUANTITY] of the bank [PLACE] of england [PLACE] , disraeli [PERSON] borrowed funds [QUANTITY] from lionel de rothschild [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] took a commission [INSTANCE] on the deal [SITUATION] . the banker [PLACE] 's capital [PLACE] was at risk [STATEMENT] as parliament [HUMAN GROUP] could have refused to ratify the transaction [SUBSTANCE] . the contract [PERSON] for purchase [AMOUNT] was signed at cairo [PLACE] on 25 november [PERIOD] and the shares [ACTION] deposited at the british [UNKNOWN] consulate the following day [PERIOD] . disraeli [PERSON] told the queen [PERSON] , " it is settled ; you have it , madam [PERSON] ! " the public [UNKNOWN] saw the venture [PERSON] as a daring statement [STATEMENT] of british [UNKNOWN] dominance [PERSON] of the seas [QUANTITY] . sir ian malcolm [PERSON] described the suez canal [PERSON] share purchase [AMOUNT] as " the greatest romance [PERSON] of mr . disraeli [PERSON] 's romantic career [NUMBER] " . in the following decades [UNKNOWN] , the security [FORCE] of the suez canal [PERSON] became a major concern [PERSON] of british [UNKNOWN] foreign policy [RULE] . under gladstone [PERSON] , britain [PLACE] took control [GROUP] of egypt [PLACE] in 1882 . a later foreign secretary [PERSON] , lord curzon [PERSON] , described the canal [PERSON] in 1909 as " the determining influence [POWER] of every considerable movement [HUMAN GROUP] of british power [POWER] to the east [PLACE] and south [PLACE] of the mediterranean [PLACE] " . royal titles [ACTION] act [ACT] main article [ARTICLE] : royal titles [ACTION] act [ACT] 1876 although initially curious about disraeli [PERSON] when he entered parliament [HUMAN GROUP] in 1837 , victoria [PLACE] came to detest him over his treatment [TREATMENT] of peel [PERSON] . over time [PERIOD] , her dislike softened , especially as disraeli [PERSON] took pains [CONDITION] to cultivate her . he told matthew arnold [PERSON] , " everybody [UNKNOWN] likes flattery [ACT] ; and , when you come to royalty , you should lay it on with a trowel [TOOL] " . disraeli [PERSON] 's biographer [PERSON] , adam kirsch [PERSON] , suggests that disraeli [PERSON] 's obsequious treatment [TREATMENT] of his queen [PERSON] was part flattery [ACT] , part belief [TRUST] that this was how a queen [PERSON] should be addressed by a loyal subject [ABILITY] , and part awe that a middle-class man [PERSON] of jewish [UNKNOWN] birth [CONDITION] should be the companion [PERSON] of a monarch [PERSON] . by the time [PERIOD] of his second [PERSON] premiership [POSITION] , disraeli [PERSON] had built a strong relationship [RELATIONSHIP] with victoria [PLACE] , probably closer to her than any of her prime ministers [PERSON] except her first , lord melbourne [PERSON] . when disraeli [PERSON] returned as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] in 1874 and went to kiss hands [PERSON] , he did so literally , on one knee [STATE] ; according to richard aldous [PERSON] in his book [ENTITY] on the rivalry [PERSON] between disraeli [PERSON] and gladstone [PERSON] , " victoria [PLACE] and disraeli [PERSON] would exploit their closeness [PLACE] for mutual advantage [CONDITION] . " victoria [PLACE] had long wished to have an imperial title [ACTION] , reflecting britain [PLACE] 's expanding domain [LAND] . she was irked when tsar alexander ii [PERSON] held a higher rank [RANK] than her as an emperor [PERSON] , and was appalled that her daughter [PERSON] , the prussian crown [PERSON] princess [PERSON] , would outrank her when her husband [PERSON] came to the throne [EVENT] . she also saw an imperial title [ACTION] as proclaiming britain [PLACE] 's increased stature [PERSON] in the world [PLACE] . the title [ACTION] " empress [EVENT] of india [PLACE] " had been used informally for some time [PERIOD] and she wished to have that title [ACTION] formally bestowed on her . the queen [PERSON] prevailed upon disraeli [PERSON] to introduce a royal titles [ACTION] bill [PERSON] , and also told of her intent [STATE] to open parliament [HUMAN GROUP] in person [PERSON] , which during this time [PERIOD] she did only when she wanted something from legislators [UNKNOWN] . disraeli [PERSON] was cautious in response [ACT] , as careful soundings [ACTION] of mps [UNKNOWN] brought a negative reaction [PERSON] , and he declined to place [PLACE] such a proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] in the queen [PERSON] 's speech [SPEECH] . once the desired bill [PERSON] was finally prepared , disraeli [PERSON] 's handling [AMOUNT] of it was not adept [UNKNOWN] . he neglected to notify either the prince [PERSON] of wales [PLACE] or the opposition [EVENT] and was met by irritation [STATE] from the prince [PERSON] and a full-scale attack [EVENT] from the liberals [PERSON] . an old enemy [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] , former liberal chancellor [PERSON] robert lowe [PERSON] , alleged during the debate [STATE] in the commons [UNKNOWN] that two previous prime ministers [PERSON] had refused to introduce such legislation [PERSON] for the queen [PERSON] . gladstone [PERSON] immediately stated that he was not one of them , and the queen [PERSON] gave disraeli [PERSON] leave to quote her saying she had never approached a prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] with such a proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . according to blake [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] " in a brilliant oration [NUMBER] of withering invective proceeded to destroy lowe [PERSON] " , who [UNKNOWN] apologised and never held office [PLACE] again . disraeli [PERSON] said of lowe [PERSON] that he was the only person [PERSON] in london [PLACE] with whom he would not shake hands [PERSON] : " he is in the mud [MONEY] and there i leave him . " fearful of losing [PROCESS] , disraeli [PERSON] was reluctant to bring the bill [PERSON] to a vote [EVENT] in the commons [UNKNOWN] , but when he did it passed with a majority [PROPERTY] of 75 . once the bill [PERSON] was formally enacted , victoria [PLACE] began signing [EVENT] her letters [PURPOSE] " victoria r [PLACE] & i " ( latin [UNKNOWN] : regina et imperatrix [PERSON] , queen [PERSON] and empress [EVENT] ) . according to aldous [PERSON] , the bill [PERSON] " shattered disraeli [PERSON] 's authority [STATUS] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] " . balkans [UNKNOWN] and bulgaria cavalry [PLACE] wielding sabres [LIGHT] fight men [PERSON] with guns [DEVICE] on foot fight [PERSON] in bulgaria [PLACE] during the russo-turkish war [EVENT] of 1877-78 in july [PERIOD] 1875 serb populations in bosnia [PLACE] and herzegovina [PLACE] , then provinces [ENTITY] of the ottoman empire [STATE] , revolted against the turks [PLACE] , alleging religious persecution [ACT] and poor [UNKNOWN] administration [PLACE] . the following january [PERIOD] , sultan abdülaziz [UNKNOWN] agreed to reforms [PERSON] proposed by hungarian statesman [PERSON] julius andrássy [PERSON] , but the rebels [PERSON] , suspecting they might win their freedom [PERSON] , continued their uprising [ACT] , joined by militants [PERSON] in serbia [PLACE] and bulgaria [PLACE] . the turks [PLACE] suppressed the bulgarian uprising [ACT] harshly , and when reports [SYMBOL] of these actions [ACTION] escaped , disraeli [PERSON] and derby [PERSON] stated in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] that they did not believe them . disraeli [PERSON] called them " coffee-house babble [PLACE] " and dismissed allegations [ACT] of torture [PERSON] by the ottomans [PLACE] since " oriental people [HUMAN GROUP] usually terminate their connections [SET] with culprits [PERSON] in a more [PLACE] expeditious fashion [TENDENCY] " . gladstone [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] had left [UNKNOWN] the liberal [PERSON] leadership [PERSON] and retired from public [UNKNOWN] life [EVENT] , was appalled by reports [SYMBOL] of atrocities [ACT] in bulgaria [PLACE] , and in august [PERIOD] 1876 , penned a hastily written pamphlet [PERSON] arguing that the turks [PLACE] should be deprived of bulgaria [PLACE] because of what they had done there . he sent a copy [STYLE] to disraeli [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] called it " vindictive and ill-written ... of all the bulgarian horrors [STATE] perhaps the greatest " . gladstone [PERSON] 's pamphlet [PERSON] became an immense best-seller and rallied the liberals [PERSON] to urge that the ottoman empire [STATE] should no longer be a british [UNKNOWN] ally . disraeli [PERSON] wrote to lord salisbury [PERSON] on 3 september [PERIOD] , " had it not been for these unhappy ' atrocities [ACT] ' , we should have settled a peace [EVENT] very honourable to england [PLACE] and satisfactory [PERSON] to europe [PLACE] . now we are obliged to work [ACTIVITY] from a new [PLACE] point [PLACE] of departure [EVENT] , and dictate to turkey [PLACE] , who [UNKNOWN] has forfeited all sympathy [EVENT] . " in spite [EVENT] of this , disraeli [PERSON] 's policy [RULE] favoured constantinople [UNKNOWN] and ottoman territorial integrity [EVENT] . four men international [PERSON] delegates at the constantinople conference [ACT] : clockwise [PERSON] from top [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] , saffet pasha [PERSON] ( turkey [PLACE] ) , general ignatieff [PERSON] ( russia [PLACE] ) , lord salisbury [PERSON] ( britain [PLACE] ) and the comte de chaudordy [PERSON] ( france [PLACE] ) disraeli [PERSON] and the cabinet [EVENT] sent salisbury [PERSON] as lead british [UNKNOWN] representative [EVENT] to the constantinople conference [ACT] , which met in december [PERIOD] 1876 and january [PERIOD] 1877 . in advance [EVENT] of the conference [ACT] , disraeli [PERSON] sent salisbury [PERSON] private [PERSON] word [WORD] to seek british [UNKNOWN] military occupation [GROUP] of bulgaria [PLACE] and bosnia [PLACE] , and british control [GROUP] of the ottoman army [HUMAN GROUP] . salisbury [PERSON] ignored these instructions [ACT] , which his biographer [PERSON] , andrew roberts [PERSON] deemed " ludicrous " . the conference [ACT] failed to reach agreement [AGREEMENT] with the turks [PLACE] . parliament [HUMAN GROUP] opened in february [PERIOD] 1877 , with disraeli [PERSON] now in the lords [PERSON] as earl [PERSON] of beaconsfield [PLACE] . he spoke only once there in the 1877 session [PERIOD] on the eastern question [QUESTION] , stating on 20 february [PERIOD] that there was a need [UNKNOWN] for stability [CONDITION] in the balkans [UNKNOWN] , and that forcing turkey [PLACE] into territorial concessions [PERMISSION] would not secure [UNKNOWN] it . the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] wanted a deal [SITUATION] with the ottomans [PLACE] whereby britain [PLACE] would temporarily occupy strategic areas [PLACE] to deter the russians [UNKNOWN] from war [EVENT] , to be returned on the signing [EVENT] of a peace treaty [ARTIFACT] , but found little support [ACT] in his cabinet [EVENT] , which favoured partition [PLACE] of the ottoman empire [STATE] . as disraeli [PERSON] , by then in poor [UNKNOWN] health [PROPERTY] , continued to battle [PERSON] within the cabinet [EVENT] , russia [PLACE] invaded turkey [PLACE] on 21 april [PERIOD] , beginning the russo-turkish war [EVENT] . congress [ACTIVITY] of berlin main article [ARTICLE] : congress [ACTIVITY] of berlin [PLACE] the russians [UNKNOWN] pushed through ottoman territory [PLACE] and by december [PERIOD] 1877 had captured the strategic bulgarian town [PLACE] of plevna [UNKNOWN] . the war [EVENT] divided the british [UNKNOWN] , but the russian success [ACT] caused some to forget the atrocities [ACT] and call for intervention [ACTION] on the turkish side [PLACE] . others [UNKNOWN] hoped for further russian successes [UNKNOWN] . the fall [PERSON] of plevna [UNKNOWN] was a major story [PERSON] for weeks [PERIOD] , and disraeli [PERSON] 's warnings [PERSON] that russia [PLACE] was a threat [PERSON] to british [UNKNOWN] interests [ELEMENT] in the eastern mediterranean [PLACE] were deemed prophetic . the jingoistic attitude [ATTITUDE] of many britons [UNKNOWN] increased disraeli [PERSON] 's political support [ACT] , and the queen [PERSON] showed her favour [PERSON] by visiting him at hughenden [UNKNOWN] — the first time [PERIOD] she had visited the country [PLACE] home [PLACE] of her prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] since the melbourne ministry [INSTITUTION] . at the end [UNKNOWN] of january [PERIOD] 1878 , the ottoman sultan [PERSON] appealed to britain [PLACE] to save constantinople [UNKNOWN] . amid war [EVENT] fever in britain [PLACE] , the government [GOVERNMENT] asked parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to vote [EVENT] £6,000,000 to prepare the army [HUMAN GROUP] and navy [PERSON] for war [EVENT] . gladstone [PERSON] opposed the measure [MEASURE] , but less than half [PLACE] his party [FORCE] voted with him . popular opinion [TRUST] was with disraeli [PERSON] , though some thought him too soft for not immediately declaring war [EVENT] on russia [PLACE] . a map [UNKNOWN] . see [PERSON] description [ACT] bulgaria [PLACE] as constituted under the san stefano treaty [ARTIFACT] and as divided at berlin [PLACE] with the russians [UNKNOWN] close to constantinople [UNKNOWN] , the turks [PLACE] yielded and in march [PERIOD] 1878 , signed the treaty [ARTIFACT] of san stefano [PLACE] , conceding a bulgarian state [STATE] covering a large part of the balkans [UNKNOWN] . it would be initially russian-occupied and many feared that it would give them a client state [STATE] close to constantinople [UNKNOWN] . other ottoman possessions [STATE] in europe [PLACE] would become independent ; additional territory [PLACE] was to be ceded directly to russia [PLACE] . this was unacceptable to the british [UNKNOWN] , who [UNKNOWN] protested , hoping to get the russians [UNKNOWN] to agree to attend an international conference [ACT] which german chancellor [PERSON] bismarck [FOOD] proposed to hold at berlin [PLACE] . the cabinet [EVENT] discussed disraeli [PERSON] 's proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] to position [POSITION] indian troops [HUMAN GROUP] at malta [PLACE] for possible transit [DOCUMENT] to the balkans [UNKNOWN] and call out reserves [UNKNOWN] . derby [PERSON] resigned in protest [GROUP] , and disraeli [PERSON] appointed salisbury [PERSON] as foreign secretary [PERSON] . amid british [UNKNOWN] preparations [PERSON] for war [EVENT] , the russians [UNKNOWN] and turks [PLACE] agreed to discussions [EVENT] at berlin [PLACE] . in advance [EVENT] of the meeting [ACTIVITY] , confidential negotiations [PROCESS] took place [PLACE] between britain [PLACE] and russia [PLACE] in april [PERIOD] and may [PERIOD] 1878 . the russians [UNKNOWN] were willing to make changes [UNKNOWN] to the big bulgaria [PLACE] , but were determined to retain their new [PLACE] possessions [STATE] , bessarabia [UNKNOWN] in europe [PLACE] and batum [UNKNOWN] and kars [PLACE] on the east [PLACE] coast [EVENT] of the black sea [PLACE] . to counterbalance this , britain [PLACE] required a possession [STATE] in the eastern mediterranean [PLACE] where it might base [ABSTRACT ENTITY] ships [SHIP] and troops [HUMAN GROUP] and negotiated with the ottomans [PLACE] for the cession [EVENT] of cyprus [PLACE] . once this was secretly agreed , disraeli [PERSON] was prepared to allow russia [PLACE] 's territorial gains [PERSON] . refer [UNKNOWN] to caption disraeli [PERSON] ( right [UNKNOWN] ) and salisbury [PERSON] as knights [PERSON] of the garter [WORD] , portrayed by john tenniel [PERSON] in the pas de deux [PLACE] ( from the scène de triomphe [GAME] in the grand anglo-turkish ballet d'action ) the congress [ACTIVITY] of berlin [PLACE] was held in june [PERIOD] and july [PERIOD] 1878 , the central relationship [RELATIONSHIP] in it that between disraeli [PERSON] and bismarck [FOOD] . in later years [PERIOD] , the german chancellor [PERSON] would show visitors [PERSON] to his office [PLACE] three pictures [PICTURE] on the wall [RESOURCE] : " the portrait [PERSON] of my sovereign [PERSON] , there on the right [UNKNOWN] that of my wife [PERSON] , and on the left [UNKNOWN] , there , that of lord beaconsfield [PLACE] " . disraeli [PERSON] caused an uproar [SOUND] in the congress [ACTIVITY] by making his opening [EVENT] address [UNKNOWN] in english [EVENT] , rather than in french [PLACE] , hitherto [UNKNOWN] accepted as the international language [LANGUAGE] of diplomacy [BRANCH] . by one account [COLLECTION] , the british ambassador [ENTITY] in berlin [PLACE] , lord odo russell [PERSON] , hoping to spare the delegates disraeli [PERSON] 's very poor [UNKNOWN] french [PLACE] accent [PROCESS] , told disraeli [PERSON] that the congress [ACTIVITY] was hoping to hear a speech [SPEECH] in english [EVENT] by one of its masters [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] much of the detailed work [ACTIVITY] to salisbury [PERSON] , concentrating his efforts [ACTION] on making it as difficult as possible for the broken-up big bulgaria [PLACE] to reunite . disraeli [PERSON] intended that batum [UNKNOWN] be demilitarised , but the russians [UNKNOWN] obtained their preferred language [LANGUAGE] , and in 1886 , fortified the town [PLACE] . nevertheless , the cyprus convention [PLACE] ceding the island [PLACE] to britain [PLACE] was announced during the congress [ACTIVITY] , and again made disraeli [PERSON] a sensation [ACTION] . disraeli [PERSON] gained agreement [AGREEMENT] that turkey [PLACE] should retain enough of its european possessions [STATE] to safeguard the dardanelles [UNKNOWN] . by one account [COLLECTION] , when met with russian intransigence [EVENT] , disraeli [PERSON] told his secretary [PERSON] to order [GARMENT] a special train [TRAIN] to return [STATEMENT] them home [PLACE] to begin the war [EVENT] . czar alexander ii [PERSON] later described the congress [ACTIVITY] as " a european coalition [GROUP] against russia [PLACE] , under bismarck [FOOD] " . the treaty [ARTIFACT] of berlin [PLACE] was signed on 13 july [PERIOD] 1878 at the radziwill palace [PERSON] in berlin [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] and salisbury [PERSON] returned home [PLACE] to heroes [UNKNOWN] ' receptions [PERSON] . at the door [ACT] of 10 downing street [PLACE] , disraeli [PERSON] received flowers [ARTIFACT] sent by the queen [PERSON] . there , he told the gathered crowd [GROUP] , " lord salisbury [PERSON] and i have brought you back peace— but a peace [EVENT] i hope [EVENT] with honour [UNKNOWN] . " the queen [PERSON] offered him a dukedom [UNKNOWN] , which he declined , though accepting the garter [WORD] , as long as salisbury [PERSON] also received it . in berlin [PLACE] , word spread [FOOD] of bismarck [FOOD] 's admiring description [ACT] of disraeli [PERSON] , " der [PERSON] alte jude [PERSON] , das [UNKNOWN] ist der [PERSON] mann [PERSON] ! " in the weeks [PERIOD] after berlin [PLACE] , disraeli [PERSON] and the cabinet [EVENT] considered calling [PERSON] a general election [POWER] to capitalise on the public [UNKNOWN] applause he and salisbury [PERSON] had received . parliaments [ACT] were then for a seven-year term [TERM] , and it was the custom [QUANTITY] not to go to the country [PLACE] until the sixth year [PERIOD] unless forced to by events [PLACE] . only four and a half years [PERIOD] had passed and they did not see [PERSON] any clouds [SUBSTANCE] on the horizon [PLACE] that might forecast conservative [PERSON] defeat [BODY] if they waited . this decision [DECISION] not to seek re-election has often been cited as a great mistake [EVENT] by disraeli [PERSON] . blake [PERSON] , however , pointed out that results [RESULT] in local elections [POWER] had been moving against the conservatives [UNKNOWN] , and doubted if disraeli [PERSON] missed any great opportunity [OPPORTUNITY] by waiting . afghanistan [PLACE] to zululand main articles [ARTICLE] : second [PERSON] anglo-afghan war [EVENT] and anglo-zulu war [EVENT] a depiction [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the battle [PERSON] of kandahar [PLACE] , fought in 1880 . britain [PLACE] 's victory [PERSON] in the second [PERSON] anglo-afghan war [EVENT] proved a boost [PERSON] to disraeli [PERSON] 's government [GOVERNMENT] . as successful invasions [GROUP] of india [PLACE] generally came through afghanistan [PLACE] , the british [UNKNOWN] had observed and sometimes intervened there since the 1830s , hoping to keep the russians [UNKNOWN] out . in 1878 the russians [UNKNOWN] sent a mission [PERSON] to kabul [PLACE] ; it was not rejected by the afghans [EVENT] , as the british [UNKNOWN] had hoped . the british [UNKNOWN] proposed to send their own mission [PERSON] , insisting that the russians [UNKNOWN] be sent away . the viceroy [PERSON] of india lord lytton [PLACE] concealed his plans [UNKNOWN] to issue [EVENT] this ultimatum [EVENT] from disraeli [PERSON] , and when the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] insisted he take no action [ACTION] , went ahead anyway . when the afghans [EVENT] made no answer [PERSON] , lord cranbrook [PERSON] as secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for war [EVENT] , ordered the advance [EVENT] against them in the second [PERSON] anglo-afghan war [EVENT] . under lord roberts [PERSON] , the british [UNKNOWN] easily defeated them and installed a new [PLACE] ruler [PLACE] , leaving a mission [PERSON] and garrison [PERSON] in kabul [PLACE] . british [UNKNOWN] policy [RULE] in south africa [PLACE] was to encourage federation [HUMAN GROUP] between the british-run cape colony [PERSON] and natal [PERSON] , and the boer republics [PERSON] , the transvaal [UNKNOWN] ( annexed by britain [PLACE] in 1877 ) and the orange free state [STATE] . the governor [PERSON] of cape colony [PERSON] , sir bartle [PERSON] frere , believing that the federation [HUMAN GROUP] could not be accomplished until the native tribes [WORD] acknowledged british [UNKNOWN] rule [RULE] , made demands [EVENT] on the zulu [UNKNOWN] and their king [PERSON] , cetewayo [UNKNOWN] , which they were certain to reject . as zulu troops [HUMAN GROUP] could not marry until they had washed their spears [ACTION] in blood [STATE] , they were eager for combat [CONDITION] . frere did not send word [WORD] to the cabinet [EVENT] of what he had done until the ultimatum [EVENT] was about to expire . disraeli [PERSON] and the cabinet [EVENT] reluctantly backed him , and in early january [PERIOD] 1879 resolved to send reinforcements [PERMISSION] . before they could arrive , on 22 january [PERIOD] , a zulu impi [PERSON] ( army [HUMAN GROUP] ) , moving with great speed [STATE] and endurance [DISTANCE] , destroyed a british [UNKNOWN] encampment [ACT] in south africa [PLACE] in the battle [PERSON] of isandlwana [UNKNOWN] . over a thousand british [UNKNOWN] and colonial troops [HUMAN GROUP] were killed . word [WORD] of the defeat [BODY] did not reach london [PLACE] until 12 february [PERIOD] . disraeli [PERSON] wrote the next day [PERIOD] , " the terrible disaster [EVENT] has shaken me to the centre [UNKNOWN] " . he reprimanded frere , but left [UNKNOWN] him in charge [AMOUNT] , attracting fire [FIRE] from all sides [ENTITY] . disraeli [PERSON] sent general sir garnet wolseley [PERSON] as high commissioner [PERSON] and commander [PERSON] in chief [PERSON] , and cetewayo [UNKNOWN] and the zulus [UNKNOWN] were crushed at the battle [PERSON] of ulundi [UNKNOWN] on 4 july [PERIOD] 1879 . on 8 september [PERIOD] 1879 sir louis cavagnari , in charge [AMOUNT] of the mission [PERSON] in kabul [PLACE] , was killed with his entire staff [GOVERNMENT] by rebelling afghan soldiers [GROUP] . roberts [PERSON] undertook a successful punitive expedition [ACT] against the afghans [EVENT] over the next six weeks. 1880 election [POWER] main article : 1880 united kingdom general election [POWER] [PLACE] in december [PERIOD] 1878 , gladstone [PERSON] was offered the liberal [PERSON] nomination [DEVICE] for edinburghshire [PLACE] , a constituency [PLACE] popularly known as midlothian [UNKNOWN] . the small [PERSON] scottish electorate [PERSON] was dominated by two noblemen [UNKNOWN] , the conservative duke [PERSON] of buccleuch [UNKNOWN] and the liberal earl [PERSON] of rosebery [PERSON] . the earl [PERSON] , a friend [PERSON] of both disraeli [PERSON] and gladstone [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] would succeed the latter [UNKNOWN] after his final term [TERM] as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , had journeyed to the united states [PLACE] to view [PERSON] politics [ACTION] there , and was convinced that aspects [INSTANCE] of american [PLACE] electioneering [ACTIVITY] techniques [TECHNIQUE] could be translated to britain [PLACE] . on his advice [DECISION] , gladstone [PERSON] accepted the offer [OFFER] in january [PERIOD] 1879 , and later that year [PERIOD] began his midlothian campaign [PERSON] , speaking not only in edinburgh [PLACE] , but across britain [PLACE] , attacking disraeli [PERSON] , to huge [UNKNOWN] crowds [GROUP] . conservative [PERSON] chances [QUALITY] of re-election were damaged by the poor [UNKNOWN] weather [NUMBER] , and consequent effects [EFFECT] on agriculture [STUDY] . four consecutive wet summers [PERSON] through 1879 had led to poor [UNKNOWN] harvests [UNKNOWN] . in the past [PERIOD] , the farmer [PERSON] had the consolation [INSTANCE] of higher prices [AMOUNT] at such times [UNKNOWN] , but with bumper crops [NUMBER] cheaply transported from the united states [PLACE] , grain prices [AMOUNT] remained low [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . other european nations [PERSON] , faced with similar circumstances [EVENT] , opted for protection [ACT] , and disraeli [PERSON] was urged to reinstitute the corn laws [PERSON] . he declined , stating that he regarded the matter [PERSON] as settled . protection [ACT] would have been highly unpopular among the newly enfranchised urban working classes [UNKNOWN] , as it would raise their cost [EVENT] of living [PERSON] . amid an economic slump [ACTIVITY] generally , the conservatives [UNKNOWN] lost support [ACT] among farmers [PERSON] . disraeli [PERSON] 's health [PROPERTY] continued to fail through 1879 . owing to his infirmities [CONDITION] , disraeli [PERSON] was 45 minutes [PERIOD] late [PERIOD] for the lord mayor [HUMAN ROLE] 's dinner [FOOD] at the guild hall [PLACE] in november [PERIOD] , at which it is customary that the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] speaks . though many commented on how healthy he looked , it took him great effort [ACTION] to appear so , and when he told the audience [EVENT] he expected to speak to the dinner [FOOD] again the following year [PERIOD] , attendees [PERSON] chuckled . gladstone [PERSON] was then in the midst [PLACE] of his campaign [PERSON] . despite his public [UNKNOWN] confidence [EMOTION] , disraeli [PERSON] recognised that the conservatives [UNKNOWN] would probably lose the next election [POWER] and was already contemplating his resignation honours [UNKNOWN] . despite this pessimism [STATE] , conservatives [UNKNOWN] hopes [EVENT] were buoyed in early 1880 with successes [UNKNOWN] in by-elections the liberals [PERSON] had expected to win , concluding with victory [PERSON] in southwark [PLACE] , normally a liberal [PERSON] stronghold [PLACE] . the cabinet [EVENT] had resolved to wait before dissolving parliament [HUMAN GROUP] ; in early march [PERIOD] they reconsidered , agreeing to go to the country [PLACE] as soon as possible . parliament [HUMAN GROUP] was dissolved on 24 march [PERIOD] ; the first borough constituencies [PLACE] began voting a week [PERIOD] later . disraeli [PERSON] took no public [UNKNOWN] part in the electioneering [ACTIVITY] , it being deemed improper [UNKNOWN] for peers [PERSON] to make speeches [SPEECH] to influence [POWER] commons elections [POWER] . this meant that the chief [PERSON] conservatives— disraeli [PERSON] , salisbury [PERSON] , and india secretary [PERSON] lord [PERSON] cranbrook— would not be heard from . the election [POWER] was thought likely to be close . once returns [STATEMENT] began to be announced , it became clear that the conservatives [UNKNOWN] were decisively beaten . the final result [RESULT] gave the liberals [PERSON] an absolute majority [PROPERTY] of about 50 . final months [PERIOD] , death [EVENT] , and memorials disraeli [PERSON] refused to cast blame [PERSON] for the defeat [BODY] , which he understood was likely to be final for him . he wrote to lady bradford [PERSON] that it was just as much work [ACTIVITY] to end [UNKNOWN] a government [GOVERNMENT] as to form [FORM] one , without any of the fun [PERSON] . queen victoria [PLACE] was bitter at his departure [EVENT] . among the honours [UNKNOWN] he arranged before resigning as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] on 21 april [PERIOD] 1880 was one for his private [PERSON] secretary [PERSON] , montagu corry [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] became baron rowton [PERSON] . a death mask [PLACE] resembling disraeli disraeli [PERSON] 's death mask [PLACE] a grave disraeli [PERSON] 's tomb [PERSON] at hughenden [UNKNOWN] returning to hughenden [UNKNOWN] , disraeli [PERSON] brooded over his electoral dismissal [PERSON] , but also resumed work [ACTIVITY] on endymion [PERSON] , which he had begun in 1872 and laid aside before the 1874 election [POWER] . the work [ACTIVITY] was rapidly completed and published by november [PERIOD] 1880 . he carried on a correspondence [SIMILARITY] with victoria [PLACE] , with letters [PURPOSE] passed through intermediaries [PERSON] . when parliament [HUMAN GROUP] met in january [PERIOD] 1881 , he served as conservative [PERSON] leader [PERSON] in the lords [PERSON] , attempting to serve as a moderating influence [POWER] on gladstone [PERSON] 's legislation [PERSON] . because of his asthma [CONDITION] and gout [CONDITION] , disraeli [PERSON] went out as little as possible , fearing more [PLACE] serious episodes [EVENT] of illness [ILLNESS] . in march [PERIOD] , he fell ill [PERSON] with bronchitis [UNKNOWN] , and emerged from bed [UNKNOWN] only for a meeting [ACTIVITY] with salisbury [PERSON] and other conservative [PERSON] leaders [PERSON] on the 26th . as it became clear that this might be his final sickness [EMOTION] , friends [PERSON] and opponents [PERSON] alike came to call . disraeli [PERSON] declined a visit [EVENT] from the queen [PERSON] , saying , " she would only ask me to take a message [SPEECH ACT] to albert [PERSON] . " almost blind , when he received the last [UNKNOWN] letter [PURPOSE] from victoria [PLACE] of which he was aware on 5 april [PERIOD] , he held it momentarily , then had it read to him by lord barrington [PERSON] , a privy councillor [EVENT] . one card [GROUP] , signed " a workman [PERSON] " , delighted its recipient [PERSON] : " do n't die yet , we ca n't do without you . " despite the gravity [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] 's condition [CONDITION] , the doctors [RESOURCE] concocted optimistic bulletins [INFORMATION] for public [UNKNOWN] consumption [CONDITION] . prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] gladstone [PERSON] called several times [UNKNOWN] to enquire about his rival [PERSON] 's condition [CONDITION] , and wrote in his diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , " may [PERIOD] the almighty [UNKNOWN] be near his pillow [QUANTITY] . " there was intense public [UNKNOWN] interest [ELEMENT] in disraeli [PERSON] 's struggles [FORCE] for life [EVENT] . disraeli [PERSON] had customarily taken the sacrament [CAUSE] at easter [PERSON] ; when this day [PERIOD] was observed on 17 april [PERIOD] , there was discussion [EVENT] among his friends [PERSON] and family [HUMAN GROUP] if he should be given the opportunity [OPPORTUNITY] , but those against , fearing that he would lose hope [EVENT] , prevailed . on the morning [PERSON] of the following day [PERIOD] , easter monday [PERIOD] , he became incoherent , then comatose . disraeli [PERSON] 's last [UNKNOWN] confirmed words [WORD] before dying at his home [PLACE] at 19 curzon street [PLACE] in the early morning [PERSON] of 19 april [PERIOD] were " i had rather live but i am not afraid to die " . the anniversary [TIME PERIOD] of disraeli [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] was for some years [PERIOD] commemorated in the united kingdom [PLACE] as primrose day [PERIOD] . despite having been offered a state funeral [ACTION] by queen victoria [PLACE] , disraeli [PERSON] 's executors [PERSON] decided against a public [UNKNOWN] procession [STATE] and funeral [ACTION] , fearing that too large crowds [GROUP] would gather to do him honour [UNKNOWN] . the chief [PERSON] mourners [PERSON] at the service [INSTITUTION] at hughenden [UNKNOWN] on 26 april [PERIOD] were his brother ralph [PERSON] and nephew coningsby [UNKNOWN] , to whom hughenden [UNKNOWN] would eventually pass ; gathorne gathorne-hardy , viscount cranbrook [PERSON] , despite most of disraeli [PERSON] 's former cabinet [EVENT] being present , was notably absent [UNKNOWN] in italy [PLACE] . queen victoria [PLACE] was prostrated with grief [CONDITION] , and considered ennobling ralph [PERSON] or coningsby [UNKNOWN] as a memorial [STATEMENT] to disraeli [PERSON] ( without children [PERSON] , his titles [ACTION] became extinct with his death [EVENT] ) , but decided against it on the ground [AMOUNT] that their means were too small [PERSON] for a peerage [COLLECTION] . protocol [SET] forbade her attending disraeli [PERSON] 's funeral [ACTION] ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii [PERSON] attended the rites [EVENT] for the former prime minister sir winston [PERSON] churchill [PERSON] ) but she sent primroses [PLANT] ( " his favourite flowers [ARTIFACT] " ) to the funeral [ACTION] and visited the burial vault [PERSON] to place [PLACE] a wreath [BODY] four days [PERIOD] later . a statue [PERSON] on a podium statue [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] in parliament square [PLACE] , london disraeli [PERSON] is buried with his wife [PERSON] in a vault [PERSON] beneath the church [PERSON] of st michael [PLACE] and all angels [PLACE] which stands in the grounds [AMOUNT] of his home [PLACE] , hughenden manor [PERSON] . there is also a memorial [STATEMENT] to him in the chancel [SPACE] in the church [PERSON] , erected in his honour [UNKNOWN] by queen victoria [PLACE] . his literary executor [PERSON] was his private [PERSON] secretary [PERSON] , lord rowton [PERSON] . the disraeli vault [PERSON] also contains the body [BODY] of sarah brydges willyams [UNKNOWN] , the wife [PERSON] of james brydges willyams [UNKNOWN] of st mawgan [PLACE] . disraeli [PERSON] carried on a long correspondence [SIMILARITY] with mrs [UNKNOWN] . willyams [UNKNOWN] , writing [UNKNOWN] frankly about political affairs [PLACE] . at her death [EVENT] in 1865 , she left [UNKNOWN] him a large legacy [PERSON] , which helped clear his debts [MONEY] . his will was proved in april [PERIOD] 1882 at £84,019 18 s. 7 d. ( roughly equivalent to £10,705,647 in 2023 ) . disraeli [PERSON] has a memorial [STATEMENT] in westminster abbey [PERSON] , erected by the nation [PERSON] on the motion [REQUEST] of gladstone [PERSON] in his memorial speech [SPEECH] on disraeli [PERSON] in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] . gladstone [PERSON] had absented himself from the funeral [ACTION] , with his plea [STATEMENT] of the press [INSTITUTION] of public [UNKNOWN] business [STATE] met with public [UNKNOWN] mockery [PERSON] . his speech [SPEECH] was widely anticipated , if only because his dislike for disraeli [PERSON] was well known . in the event [EVENT] , the speech [SPEECH] was a model [STYLE] of its kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , in which he avoided comment [EVENT] on disraeli [PERSON] 's politics [ACTION] while praising his personal qualities [QUALITY] . legacy [PERSON] disraeli [PERSON] 's literary and political career [NUMBER] interacted over his lifetime [PERSON] and fascinated victorian britain [PLACE] , making him " one of the most eminent figures [FIGURE] in victorian [PERSON] public [UNKNOWN] life [EVENT] " , and occasioned a large output [ARTIFACT] of commentary [SPEECH ACT] . critic shane leslie [PERSON] noted three decades [UNKNOWN] after his death [EVENT] that " disraeli [PERSON] 's career [NUMBER] was a romance [PERSON] such as no eastern [PLACE] vizier [PLACE] or western plutocrat [PLACE] could tell . he began as a pioneer [UNKNOWN] in dress [SET] and an aesthete [PERSON] of words [WORD] ... disraeli [PERSON] actually made his novels [UNKNOWN] come true . " literary the cover of a book [ENTITY] , entitled " sybil [PERSON] ; or , the two nations [PERSON] " title page [DOCUMENT] of first edition [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of sybil [PERSON] ( 1845 ) disraeli [PERSON] 's novels [UNKNOWN] are his main literary achievement [ACT] . they have from the outset [EVENT] divided critical opinion [TRUST] . the writer r. w. stewart [PERSON] observed that there have always been two criteria [RULE] for judging disraeli [PERSON] 's novels— political and artistic . the critic robert o' kell [PERSON] , concurring , writes , " it is after all , even if you are a tory [PERSON] of the staunchest [PERSON] blue , impossible to make disraeli [PERSON] into a first-rate novelist [PERSON] . and it is equally impossible , no matter [PERSON] how much you deplore the extravagances [AMOUNT] and improprieties [CONDITION] of his works [UNKNOWN] , to make him into an insignificant one . " disraeli [PERSON] 's early " silver fork [HORSE] " novels vivian grey [PERSON] ( 1826 ) and the young duke [PERSON] ( 1831 ) featured romanticised depictions [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of aristocratic life [EVENT] ( despite his ignorance [CONDITION] of it ) with character [FORCE] sketches [SPEECH ACT] of well-known public [UNKNOWN] figures [FIGURE] lightly disguised . in some of his early fiction disraeli [PERSON] also portrayed himself and what he felt to be his byronic dual nature [NATURE] : the poet [PERSON] and the man [PERSON] of action [ACTION] . his most autobiographical novel [EVENT] was contarini [PERSON] fleming ( 1832 ) , an avowedly serious work [ACTIVITY] that did not sell well . the critic william kuhn [PERSON] suggests that disraeli [PERSON] 's fiction [STATEMENT] can be read as " the memoirs [ABSTRACT ENTITY] he never wrote " , revealing the inner life [EVENT] of a politician [PERSON] for whom the norms [STATE] of victorian [PERSON] public [UNKNOWN] life [EVENT] appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard [EVENT] to what kuhn [PERSON] sees as the author [PERSON] 's " ambiguous sexuality [EMOTION] " . of the other novels [UNKNOWN] of the early 1830s , alroy [PERSON] is described by blake [PERSON] as " profitable but unreadable " , and the rise [PERSON] of iskander [PERSON] ( 1833 ) and the infernal marriage [EVENT] and ixion [UNKNOWN] in heaven [PERSON] ( 1834 ) made little impact [ACTION] . henrietta temple [PERSON] ( 1837 ) was disraeli [PERSON] 's next major success [ACT] . it draws on the events [PLACE] of his affair [PLACE] with henrietta sykes [PERSON] to tell the story [PERSON] of a debt-ridden young man [PERSON] torn between a mercenary loveless marriage [EVENT] and a passionate love [PERSON] at first sight [CONCLUSION] for the eponymous heroine [PERSON] . venetia [PERSON] ( 1837 ) was a minor work [ACTIVITY] , written to raise much-needed cash [PERSON] . in the 1840s disraeli [PERSON] wrote a trilogy [SET] of novels [UNKNOWN] with political themes [AGREEMENT] . coningsby [UNKNOWN] attacks [EVENT] the evils [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the whig reform bill [PERSON] [PERSON] of 1832 and castigates the leaderless conservatives [UNKNOWN] for not responding . sybil [PERSON] ; or , the two nations [PERSON] ( 1845 ) reveals peel [PERSON] 's betrayal [ACT] over the corn laws [PERSON] . these themes [AGREEMENT] are expanded in tancred [PERSON] ( 1847 ) . with coningsby [UNKNOWN] ; or , the new generation [PLACE] ( 1844 ) , disraeli [PERSON] , in blake [PERSON] 's view [PERSON] , " infused the novel [EVENT] genre [UNKNOWN] with political sensibility [VALUE] , espousing the belief [TRUST] that england [PLACE] 's future [VALUE] as a world power [POWER] depended not on the complacent old guard [NUMBER] , but on youthful , idealistic politicians [PERSON] . " sybil [PERSON] ; or , the two nations [PERSON] was less idealistic than coningsby [UNKNOWN] ; the " two nations [PERSON] " of its sub-title referred to the huge [UNKNOWN] economic and social gap [PLACE] between the privileged few [UNKNOWN] and the deprived working classes [UNKNOWN] . the last [UNKNOWN] was tancred [PERSON] ; or , the new crusade [PLACE] ( 1847 ) , promoting the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] 's role [ROLE] in reviving britain [PLACE] 's flagging spirituality [INSTANCE] . disraeli [PERSON] often wrote about religion [UNKNOWN] , for he was a strong promoter [RANK] of the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] . he was troubled by the growth [INCREASE] of elaborate rituals [UNKNOWN] in the late [PERIOD] 19th century [PERIOD] , such as the use [USE] of incense [EVENT] and vestments [UNKNOWN] , and heard warnings [PERSON] to the effect [EFFECT] that the ritualists [PERSON] were going to turn control [GROUP] of the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] over to the pope [PERSON] . he consequently was a strong supporter [PERSON] of the public worship [PERSON] regulation [PERSON] act [ACT] 1874 which allowed the archbishops [PERSON] to go to court [EVENT] to stop the ritualists [PERSON] . lothair [PERSON] was " disraeli [PERSON] 's ideological pilgrim [PERSON] 's progress [ACTION] " , it tells a story [PERSON] of political life [EVENT] with particular regard [EVENT] to the roles [ROLE] of the anglican [UNKNOWN] and roman catholic churches [PERSON] . it reflected anti-catholicism of the sort [TENDENCY] that was popular in britain [PLACE] , and which fueled support [ACT] for italian unification [TERM] ( " risorgimento [UNKNOWN] " ) . endymion [PERSON] , despite having a whig [LIQUID] as hero [PERSON] , is a last [UNKNOWN] exposition [AGREEMENT] of the author [PERSON] 's economic policies [RULE] and political beliefs [TRUST] . disraeli [PERSON] continued to the last [UNKNOWN] to pillory his enemies [PERSON] in barely disguised caricatures [UNKNOWN] : the character st barbe [PERSON] in endymion [PERSON] is widely seen as a parody [EVENT] of thackeray [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] had offended disraeli [PERSON] more [PLACE] than thirty years [PERIOD] earlier by lampooning him in punch [PERSON] as " codlingsby [UNKNOWN] " . disraeli [PERSON] left [UNKNOWN] an unfinished novel [EVENT] in which the priggish central character [FORCE] , falconet [PERSON] , is unmistakably a caricature [PERSON] of gladstone [PERSON] . blake [PERSON] commented that disraeli [PERSON] " produced an epic poem [PERSON] , unbelievably bad , and a five-act blank verse tragedy [SITUATION] , if possible worse . further he wrote a discourse [QUANTITY] on political theory [COGNITIVE STATE] and a political biography [SEQUENCE] , the life [EVENT] of lord george [PERSON] bentinck [PERSON] , which is excellent ... remarkably fair and accurate . " political part of a series [SERIES] on one-nation conservatism [ATTITUDE] principles [PERSON] * class collaboration [PERSON] * conservatism [ATTITUDE] * muscular liberalism [BODY] * noblesse oblige [UNKNOWN] * paternalism [TREATMENT] * pragmatism [ACT] * social policy [RULE] * responsibility [RESPONSIBILITY] * subsidiarity [RULE] * welfare state people [HUMAN GROUP] * disraeli [PERSON] * burke [PERSON] * churchill [PERSON] ( lord randolph [PERSON] ) * churchill [PERSON] ( winston [PERSON] ) * baldwin [PERSON] * macmillan [PERSON] * butler [PERSON] * howard [PERSON] * cameron [PERSON] * may [PERIOD] * osborne [PERSON] * johnson [PERSON] * sunak documents [UNKNOWN] * sybil [PERSON] , or the two nations [PERSON] * coningsby [UNKNOWN] , or the new generation [PLACE] * industrial charter organisations [PERSON] * conservative party [FORCE] * tory reform [AMOUNT] group [GROUP] * bright blue [PERSON] * one nation conservatives [UNKNOWN] caucus [PERSON] * conservatism [ATTITUDE] portal * icon politics [ACTION] portal * flag united kingdom [PLACE] portal [PERSON] * v * t * e portrait [PERSON] of benjamin disraeli [PERSON] by john everett millais [PERSON] , 1881 in the years [PERIOD] after disraeli [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] , as salisbury [PERSON] began his reign [PLACE] of more [PLACE] than twenty years [PERIOD] over the conservatives [UNKNOWN] , the party [FORCE] emphasised the late [PERIOD] leader [PERSON] 's " one nation [PERSON] " views [PERSON] , that the conservatives [UNKNOWN] at root [ARTIFACT] shared the beliefs [TRUST] of the working classes [UNKNOWN] , with the liberals [PERSON] the party [FORCE] of the urban élite [PERSON] . the memory [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of disraeli [PERSON] was used by the conservatives [UNKNOWN] to appeal to the working classes [UNKNOWN] , with whom he was said to have had a rapport [RELATIONSHIP] . this aspect [INSTANCE] of his policies [RULE] has been re-evaluated by historians [PERSON] in the 20th and 21st centuries [PERIOD] . in 1972 b. h. abbott [PERSON] stressed that it was not disraeli [PERSON] but lord randolph churchill [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] invented the term [TERM] " tory democracy [QUALITY] " , though it was disraeli [PERSON] who [UNKNOWN] made it an essential part of conservative [PERSON] policy [RULE] and philosophy [STATE] . in 2007 parry [PERSON] wrote , " the tory [PERSON] democrat myth [COLLECTION] did not survive detailed scrutiny [ACT] by professional historical writing [UNKNOWN] of the 1960s demonstrated that disraeli [PERSON] had very little interest [ELEMENT] in a programme [UNKNOWN] of social legislation [PERSON] and was very flexible in handling [AMOUNT] parliamentary reform [AMOUNT] in 1867 . " despite this , parry [PERSON] sees disraeli [PERSON] , rather than peel [PERSON] , as the founder [PERSON] of the modern conservative party [FORCE] . the conservative [PERSON] politician [PERSON] and writer douglas hurd [PERSON] wrote in 2013 , " was not a one-nation conservative— and this was not simply because he never used the phrase [PHRASE] . he rejected the concept [CONCEPT] in its entirety [UNKNOWN] . " disraeli [PERSON] 's enthusiastic propagation [MONEY] of the british empire [STATE] has also been seen as appealing to working-class voters [PERSON] . before his leadership [PERSON] of the conservative party [FORCE] , imperialism [PLACE] was the province [PLACE] of the liberals [PERSON] , most notably palmerston [UNKNOWN] . disraeli [PERSON] made the conservatives [UNKNOWN] the party [FORCE] that most loudly supported both the empire [STATE] and military action [ACTION] to assert its primacy [COLLECTION] . this came about in part because disraeli [PERSON] 's own views [PERSON] stemmed that way [UNKNOWN] , in part because he saw advantage [CONDITION] for the conservatives [UNKNOWN] , and partially in reaction [PERSON] against gladstone [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] disliked the expense [ACT] of empire [STATE] . blake [PERSON] argued that disraeli [PERSON] 's imperialism [PLACE] " decisively orientated the conservative party [FORCE] for many years [PERIOD] to come , and the tradition [STYLE] which he started was probably a bigger electoral asset [ASSET] in winning working-class support [ACT] during the last [UNKNOWN] quarter [PLACE] of the century [PERIOD] than anything [ANYTHING] else " . some historians [PERSON] have commented on a romantic impulse [EVENT] behind disraeli [PERSON] 's approach [OPPORTUNITY] to empire [STATE] and foreign affairs [PLACE] : abbott [PERSON] writes , " to the mystical tory concepts [PERSON] of throne [EVENT] , church [PERSON] , aristocracy [SET] and people [HUMAN GROUP] , disraeli [PERSON] added empire [STATE] . " others [UNKNOWN] have identified a strongly pragmatic aspect [INSTANCE] to his policies [RULE] . gladstone [PERSON] 's biographer philip magnus [PERSON] contrasted disraeli [PERSON] 's grasp [EVENT] of foreign affairs [PLACE] with that of gladstone [PERSON] , who [UNKNOWN] " never understood that high moral principles [PERSON] , in their application [ACT] to foreign policy [RULE] , are more [PLACE] often destructive of political stability [CONDITION] than motives [POWER] of national self-interest . " in parry [PERSON] 's view [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] 's foreign policy [RULE] " can be seen as a gigantic castle [PERSON] in the air [AIR] ( as it was by gladstone [PERSON] ) , or as an overdue attempt [ACTION] to force [FORCE] the british [UNKNOWN] commercial classes [UNKNOWN] to awaken to the realities [PERSON] of european politics [ACTION] . " during his lifetime [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] 's opponents [PERSON] , and sometimes even his friends [PERSON] and allies [PERSON] , questioned whether he sincerely held the views [PERSON] he propounded , or whether they were adopted by him as politically essential and lacked conviction [ACT] . lord john manners [PERSON] , in 1843 at the time [PERIOD] of young england [PLACE] , wrote , " could i only satisfy myself that d'israeli [PERSON] believed all that he said , i should be more [PLACE] happy : his historical views [PERSON] are quite mine , but does he believe them ? " paul smith [PERSON] , in his journal article [ARTICLE] on disraeli [PERSON] 's politics [ACTION] , argues [UNKNOWN] that disraeli [PERSON] 's ideas [ACT] were coherently argued over a political career [NUMBER] of nearly half [PLACE] a century [PERIOD] , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag [UNKNOWN] of burglar [PERSON] 's tools [TOOL] for effecting felonious entry [PERSON] to the british [UNKNOWN] political pantheon [PERSON] . " external videos video [NUMBER] icon booknotes interview [PERSON] with stanley weintraub [PERSON] on disraeli [PERSON] : a biography [SEQUENCE] , february [PERIOD] 6 , 1994 , c-span stanley weintraub [PERSON] , in his biography [SEQUENCE] of disraeli [PERSON] , points out that his subject [ABILITY] did much to advance [EVENT] britain [PLACE] towards the 20th century [PERIOD] , carrying one of the two great reform acts [ACT] of the 19th despite the opposition [EVENT] of his liberal [PERSON] rival [PERSON] , gladstone [PERSON] . he helped preserve constitutional monarchy [PLACE] by drawing the queen [PERSON] out of mourning into a new [PLACE] symbolic national role [ROLE] and created the climate [STUDY] for what became ' tory democracy [QUALITY] ' . he articulated an imperial role [ROLE] for britain [PLACE] that would last [UNKNOWN] into world war [EVENT] ii and brought an intermittently self-isolated britain [PLACE] into the concert [AGREEMENT] of europe [PLACE] . frances [UNKNOWN] walsh comments [EVENT] on disraeli [PERSON] 's multifaceted public [UNKNOWN] life [EVENT] : the debate [STATE] about his place [PLACE] in the conservative [PERSON] pantheon [PERSON] has continued since his death [EVENT] . disraeli [PERSON] fascinated and divided contemporary opinion [TRUST] ; he was seen by many , including some members [PERSON] of his own party [FORCE] , as an adventurer [PERSON] and a charlatan [PERSON] and by others [UNKNOWN] as a far-sighted and patriotic statesman [PERSON] . as an actor [PERSON] on the political stage [STAGE] he played many roles [ROLE] : byronic hero [PERSON] , man [PERSON] of letters [PURPOSE] , social critic , parliamentary virtuoso [PERSON] , squire [PERSON] of hughenden [UNKNOWN] , royal companion [PERSON] , european statesman [PERSON] . his singular and complex personality [SET] has provided historians [PERSON] and biographers [PERSON] with a particularly stiff challenge [ACTION] . historian llewellyn woodward [PERSON] has evaluated disraeli [PERSON] : disraeli [PERSON] 's political ideas [ACT] have not stood the test [EFFECT] of time. ... his detachment [UNIT] from english [EVENT] prejudices [PERSON] did not give him any particular insight [COGNITIVE STATE] into foreign affairs [PLACE] ; as a young man [PERSON] he accepted the platitudes [STATEMENT] of metternich [PERSON] and failed to understand the meaning [PURPOSE] of the nationalist movements [UNKNOWN] in europe [PLACE] . the imperialism [PLACE] of his later years [PERIOD] was equally superficial : an interpretation [EVENT] of politics [ACTION] without economics [UNKNOWN] . disraeli [PERSON] liked to think of himself in terms [TERM] of pure intellect [FORM] , but his politics [ACTION] were more [PLACE] personal than intellectual in character [FORCE] . he had far-reaching schemes [CONDITION] but little administrative ability [ABILITY] , and there was some foundation [SUBSTANCE] for napoleon ill [PERSON] 's judgement [UNKNOWN] that he was ' like all literary men [PERSON] , from chateaubriand [PERSON] to guizot [PERSON] , ignorant of the world'.... in spite [EVENT] of these faults [QUANTITY] . . . disraeli [PERSON] 's courage [PERSON] , quickness [STATE] of wit [PLACE] , capacity [STATUS] for affection [EMOTION] , and freedom [PERSON] from sordid motives [POWER] earned him his position [POSITION] . his ambition [EVENT] was of the nobler sort [TENDENCY] . he brought politics nearer [PART] to poetry [ABILITY] , or , at all events [PLACE] , to poetical prose [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , than any english [EVENT] politician [PERSON] since burke [PERSON] . historical writers [PERSON] have often played disraeli [PERSON] and gladstone [PERSON] against each other as great rivals [GROUP] . roland quinault [PERSON] , however , cautions [ELEMENT] not to exaggerate the confrontation [ACT] : they were not direct antagonists [PERSON] for most of their political careers [NUMBER] . indeed initially they were both loyal to the tory party [FORCE] , the church [PERSON] and the landed interest [ELEMENT] . although their paths [PLACE] diverged over the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] in 1846 and later over fiscal policy [RULE] more [PLACE] generally , it was not until the later 1860s that their differences [STATE] over parliamentary reform [AMOUNT] , irish [PERSON] and church policy [RULE] assumed great partisan significance [PURPOSE] . even then their personal relations [RELATION] remained fairly cordial until their dispute [DISPUTE] over the eastern question [QUESTION] in the later 1870s . role [ROLE] of his jewishness [PROPERTY] further information [INFORMATION] : history [UNIT] of the jews [PERSON] in england [PLACE] by 1882 , 46,000 jews [PERSON] lived in england [PLACE] , and by 1890 , jewish [UNKNOWN] emancipation [ACT] was complete . since 1858 , parliament [HUMAN GROUP] has never been without practicing jewish [UNKNOWN] members [PERSON] . the first jewish [UNKNOWN] lord mayor [HUMAN ROLE] of london [PLACE] , sir david salomons [PERSON] , was elected in 1855 , followed by the 1858 emancipation [ACT] of the jews [PERSON] . on 26 july [PERIOD] 1858 , lionel de rothschild [PERSON] was allowed to sit in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] when the hitherto [UNKNOWN] specifically christian [PERSON] oath [ASSET] of office [PLACE] was changed . disraeli [PERSON] , a baptised christian [PERSON] of jewish [UNKNOWN] parentage [STATE] , was already an mp , as the mandated oath [ASSET] of office [PLACE] presented no barrier [ACT] to him . in 1884 nathan mayer rothschild [PERSON] , 1st baron rothschild [PERSON] , became the first jewish [UNKNOWN] member [PERSON] of the british house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] ; disraeli [PERSON] was already a member [PERSON] . as a leader [PERSON] of the conservative party [FORCE] , which had ties [PERSON] to the landed aristocracy [SET] , disraeli [PERSON] used his jewish [UNKNOWN] ancestry [PERSON] to claim an aristocratic heritage [UNKNOWN] of his own . his biographer jonathan parry [PERSON] argues [UNKNOWN] : disraeli [PERSON] convinced himself ( wrongly ) that he derived from the sephardi aristocracy [SET] of iberian jews [PERSON] driven from spain [PLACE] at the end [UNKNOWN] of the fifteenth century [PERIOD] . . ..presenting himself as jewish [UNKNOWN] symbolized disraeli [PERSON] 's uniqueness [STATE] when he was fighting for respect [EVENT] , and explained his set-backs . presenting jewishness [PROPERTY] as aristocratic and religious legitimized his claim to understand the perils [SITUATION] facing modern england [PLACE] and to offer [OFFER] ' national ' solutions [ACT] to them . english [EVENT] toryism [CONCEPT] was ' copied from the mighty prototype [DOCUMENT] ' ( coningsby [UNKNOWN] , bk 4 , chap. 15 ) . disraeli [PERSON] was thus able to square his jewishness [PROPERTY] with his equally deep attachment [STATE] to england [PLACE] and her history [UNIT] . todd endelman [PERSON] points out that " the link [ELEMENT] between jews [PERSON] and old clothes [EVENT] was so fixed in the popular imagination [ABILITY] that victorian [PERSON] political cartoonists [PERSON] regularly drew benjamin disraeli [PERSON] [PERSON] as an old clothes man [PERSON] in order [GARMENT] to stress his jewishness [PROPERTY] . " he adds [PERSON] , " before the 1990s...few biographers [PERSON] of disraeli [PERSON] or historians [PERSON] of victorian politics [ACTION] acknowledged the prominence [DISTANCE] of the antisemitism [CONCEPT] that accompanied his climb [FORCE] up the greasy pole [PERSON] or its role [ROLE] in shaping his own singular sense [EVENT] of jewishness [PROPERTY] . " according to michael ragussis [PERSON] : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks [ACT] aimed at him by the crowds [GROUP] in his early electioneering [ACTIVITY] became in the 1870s a kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of national scrutiny [ACT] of his jewishness [PROPERTY] — a scrutiny [ACT] that erupted into a kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of anti-semitic attack [EVENT] led by some of the most prominent [ACT] intellectuals [PERSON] and politicians [PERSON] of the time [PERIOD] and anchored in the charge [AMOUNT] that disraeli [PERSON] was a crypto-jew . popular culture disraeli [PERSON] , the first person [PERSON] caricatured in the london magazine [PLACE] vanity fair [PERSON] , 30 january [PERIOD] 1869 . caricatures [UNKNOWN] led to a rapid increase [INCREASE] in demand [EVENT] for the magazine [PLACE] . in 1929 , actor george [PERSON] arliss [PERSON] won the oscar [PERSON] for personifying disraeli [PERSON] 's " paternalistic [UNKNOWN] , kindly , homely statesmanship [SKILL] " . historian michael diamond [PERSON] asserts that for british music hall patrons [PERSON] in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia [EVENT] and pride [PERSON] in empire [STATE] " were reflected in the halls [PERSON] ' most popular political heroes [UNKNOWN] : all were conservatives [UNKNOWN] and disraeli [PERSON] stood out above all , even decades [UNKNOWN] after his death [EVENT] , while gladstone [PERSON] was used as a villain [PERSON] . film historian roy armes [PERSON] has argued that historical films [EVENT] helped maintain the political status [STATUS] quo in britain [PLACE] in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment [EVENT] viewpoint [POSITION] that emphasized the greatness [STATE] of monarchy [PLACE] , empire [STATE] , and tradition [STYLE] . the films [EVENT] created " a facsimile world [PLACE] where existing values [VALUE] were invariably validated by events [PLACE] in the film [ARTWORK] and where all discord [SOUND] could be turned into harmony [PERSON] by an acceptance [PURPOSE] of the status [STATUS] quo " . steven fielding [PERSON] has argued that disraeli [PERSON] was an especially popular film hero [PERSON] : " historical dramas [STATE] favoured disraeli [PERSON] over gladstone [PERSON] and , more [PLACE] substantively , promulgated an essentially deferential view [PERSON] of democratic leadership [PERSON] . " stage [STAGE] and screen actor george [PERSON] arliss [PERSON] [PERSON] was known for his portrayals [RESULT] of disraeli [PERSON] , winning the academy award [ACT] for best actor [PERSON] for 1929 's disraeli [PERSON] . fielding says arliss [PERSON] " personified the kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of paternalistic [UNKNOWN] , kindly , homely statesmanship [SKILL] that appealed to a significant proportion [STATEMENT] of the cinema audience [EVENT] ... even workers [UNKNOWN] attending labour party [FORCE] meetings [ACTIVITY] deferred to leaders [PERSON] with an elevated social background [INFORMATION] who [UNKNOWN] showed they cared . " john gielgud [PERSON] portrayed disraeli [PERSON] in 1941 , in thorold dickinson [PERSON] 's morale-boosting film [ARTWORK] the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , which followed the politician [PERSON] from the age [PROPERTY] of 30 to that of 70 . alec guinness [PERSON] portrayed him in the mudlark [UNKNOWN] ( 1950 ) . ian mcshane [PERSON] starred in the four-part 1978 atv miniseries disraeli [PERSON] : portrait [PERSON] of a romantic , written by david butler [PERSON] . presented in the u.s. on pbs [UNKNOWN] 's masterpiece [UNKNOWN] theatre in 1980 , it was nominated for the emmy award [ACT] for outstanding limited series [SERIES] . richard pasco [PLACE] played disraeli [PERSON] in the itv series [SERIES] number [NUMBER] 10 in 1983 . in the 1997 film mrs [UNKNOWN] brown [PERSON] , disraeli [PERSON] was played by antony sher [PERSON] . works [UNKNOWN] part of a series [SERIES] on conservatism variants [ABILITY] * authoritarian [PERSON] * corporatist * cultural * fiscal * green [PERSON] * liberal [PERSON] * libertarian * moderate * national * paternalistic [UNKNOWN] * populist * pragmatic * progressive * reactionary * religious * social * traditionalist * ultra principles [PERSON] * ancestral worship [PERSON] * authority [STATUS] + traditional [UNKNOWN] * balance [GARMENT] of power [POWER] * class collaboration [PERSON] * collective identity [PERSON] * cultural heritage [UNKNOWN] * cultural values [VALUE] * culture [PERSON] of life [EVENT] + pro-life * discipline [DISCIPLINE] * duty [ATTITUDE] * elitism [TRUST] + aristocracy [SET] + meritocracy [GROUP] + noblesse oblige [UNKNOWN] * ethical order [GARMENT] * familialism [CONCEPT] * family [HUMAN GROUP] as a state model [STYLE] * family [HUMAN GROUP] values [VALUE] * fundamentalism [PERSON] * gender roles [ROLE] + complementarianism [CONCEPT] + essentialism [CONCEPT] * historism [CONCEPT] * honour [UNKNOWN] * imperialism [PLACE] * law [PERSON] and order [GARMENT] * loyalty [STATE] * maternalism [CONCEPT] * monarchism [CONCEPT] + royalism [CONCEPT] * moral absolutism [ABILITY] * natalism [CONCEPT] * nationalism [SET] * natural law [PERSON] * norms [STATE] + customs [EVENT] + mores [SET] * ordered liberty [PERSON] * organicism [CONCEPT] * organised religion [UNKNOWN] * orthodoxy * patriotism [EVENT] * peace [EVENT] through strength [PERSON] * property rights [UNKNOWN] * public [UNKNOWN] morality [EVENT] * rule [RULE] of law [PERSON] * social hierarchy [UNKNOWN] * social institutions [INSTITUTION] * social order [GARMENT] * sovereignty [PLACE] * state [STATE] religion [UNKNOWN] * stewardship [RANK] * subsidiarity [RULE] * tradition intellectuals [PERSON] * johnson [PERSON] * hume [PERSON] * burke [PERSON] * more [PLACE] * maistre [UNKNOWN] * bonald [PERSON] * chateaubriand [PERSON] * czartoryski * coleridge [PERSON] * karamzin [UNKNOWN] * savigny [UNKNOWN] * carlyle [PERSON] * ranke [PERSON] * newman * tocqueville * dostoevsky * taine [PERSON] * le bon [PERSON] * nordau [PERSON] * belloc [PERSON] * iorga [PERSON] * chesterton [PERSON] * spengler [PERSON] * jabotinsky [PERSON] * ilyin [UNKNOWN] * savarkar [UNKNOWN] * schmitt * eliot [PERSON] * mannheim [PLACE] * jünger [PERSON] * evola [PERSON] * strauss [PERSON] * röpke [UNKNOWN] * gadamer [PERSON] * freyre [PERSON] * voegelin * oakeshott [PERSON] * burnham [PERSON] * lefebvre [PERSON] * qutb [UNKNOWN] * kuehnelt-leddihn * gómez dávila [PERSON] * kirk * solzhenitsyn [PERSON] * koselleck [PERSON] * mishima [PERSON] * buckley * sowell * mansfield [PERSON] * scruton [PERSON] * hoppe [PERSON] * dugin [UNKNOWN] * peterson politicians [PERSON] * adams [PERSON] * pitt [PERSON] * canning * metternich [PERSON] * disraeli [PERSON] * bismarck [FOOD] * salisbury [PERSON] * dmowski [UNKNOWN] * mannerheim * baldwin [PERSON] * maurras [UNKNOWN] * horthy [PLACE] * metaxas [PERSON] * churchill [PERSON] * adenauer [PERSON] * de gasperi [PERSON] * chiang [PLACE] * salazar [PLACE] * de gaulle [UNKNOWN] * dollfuss [PLACE] * franco * khomeini * reagan * powell * pinochet [PERSON] * marcos [PERSON] * park [PLACE] * smith [PERSON] * reza shah [PERSON] * suharto * lee [PERSON] * zia [PERSON] * vajpayee [UNKNOWN] * thatcher [PERSON] * kohl [PERSON] * fujimori [PERSON] * bush [PERSON] * trump * kaczyński * netanyahu [PERSON] * modi [PERSON] * putin [UNKNOWN] * abe [PERSON] * bolsonaro [UNKNOWN] * orbán [PERSON] * meloni religion [UNKNOWN] * christian [PERSON] democracy [QUALITY] * christian [PERSON] right [UNKNOWN] * confucianism [CONCEPT] * hindutva [UNKNOWN] * islamism [CONCEPT] * jewish [UNKNOWN] conservatism [ATTITUDE] + religious zionism [CONCEPT] * theravada buddhism [PERSON] * traditionalist catholicism [PROPERTY] + integralism [CONCEPT] + ultramontanism [CONCEPT] * traditionalist school [INSTITUTION] personal variants [ABILITY] * berlusconism [CONCEPT] * bukelism [CONCEPT] * cameronism [CONCEPT] * chiangism [CONCEPT] * erdoğanism [CONCEPT] * francoism [CONCEPT] * fujimorism [CONCEPT] * gaullism [CONCEPT] * janismo [UNKNOWN] * kaczyzm [UNKNOWN] * maurrassisme [UNKNOWN] * mellismo * metaxism [CONCEPT] * powellism [CONCEPT] * pinochetism [CONCEPT] * putinism [CONCEPT] * qutbism [CONCEPT] + khomeinism [CONCEPT] * reaganism [CONCEPT] * sarkozysm [UNKNOWN] * thatcherism [CONCEPT] * trumpism [CONCEPT] * ziaism national variants [ABILITY] * australia [PLACE] * austria [PLACE] * bangladesh * belgium [PLACE] * belize [PLACE] * brazil [PLACE] * canada [PLACE] * chile [PLACE] * china [PLACE] + hong kong [PERSON] * colombia [PLACE] * cuba [PLACE] * denmark [PLACE] * finland [PLACE] * france [PLACE] * germany [PLACE] * greece [PLACE] * guatemala [PLACE] * hungary [PLACE] * iceland [PLACE] * india [PLACE] * iran * israel * italy [PLACE] * japan * luxembourg [PLACE] * malaysia [PLACE] * mexico [PLACE] * netherlands [PLACE] * new zealand [PLACE] * norway [PLACE] * pakistan [PLACE] * panama [PLACE] * peru [PLACE] * poland [PLACE] * russia [PLACE] * serbia [PLACE] * singapore [PLACE] * sweden [PLACE] * switzerland * south korea [PLACE] * taiwan [PLACE] * turkey [PLACE] * ukraine [PLACE] * united kingdom [PLACE] * united states related ideologies [PLACE] * agrarianism [CONCEPT] * clerical fascism [EVENT] * communitarianism [CONCEPT] * conservative [PERSON] liberalism [BODY] * corporatism [CONCEPT] * ordoliberalism [CONCEPT] related topics [EVENT] * anti-communism + white terror [INSTANCE] * anti-gender movement [HUMAN GROUP] * anti-immigration * black conservatism [ATTITUDE] + us * catholic [PERSON] social teaching [ACT] * clericalism [CONCEPT] * conservative [PERSON] feminism [PERSON] * conservative [PERSON] socialism [GROUP] * conservative [PERSON] wave [WAVE] * hispanic conservatism [ATTITUDE] + us * lgbt conservatism [ATTITUDE] * natcon [UNKNOWN] * nativism [CONCEPT] * para-fascism * patriarchy [PERSON] + patriarchalism [CONCEPT] * radical [PERSON] right [UNKNOWN] + europe [PLACE] + us * right [UNKNOWN] realism * right-wing politics [ACTION] + alt [SOUND] + authoritarianism [PERSON] + centre [UNKNOWN] + dictatorship [EVENT] + far [UNKNOWN] + new [PLACE] * small-c conservative [PERSON] * toryism [CONCEPT] * conservatism [ATTITUDE] portal * icon politics [ACTION] portal * v * t * e novels [UNKNOWN] * vivian grey [PERSON] ( 1826 , revised 1853 ) * popanilla [UNKNOWN] ( 1828 ) * the young duke [PERSON] ( 1831 , revised 1853 ) * contarini [PERSON] fleming ( 1832 ) * ixion [UNKNOWN] in heaven [PERSON] ( 1832-33 ) * the wondrous tale [PERSON] of alroy [PERSON] ( 1833 ) - heavily revised as alroy [PERSON] : a romance [PERSON] ( 1846 and 1871 ) * the rise [PERSON] of iskander [PERSON] ( 1833 ) * the infernal marriage [EVENT] ( unfinished ; 1834 ) * a year [PERIOD] at hartlebury [UNKNOWN] , or the election [POWER] - with sarah disraeli [PERSON] ( 1834 ) * henrietta temple [PERSON] ( 1837 ) * venetia [PERSON] ( 1837 ) * lothair [PERSON] ( 1870 ) * endymion [PERSON] ( 1880 ) * falconet [PERSON] ( unfinished , 1881 ; posthumously published in 1905 ) young england [PLACE] trilogy [SET] 1 . coningsby [UNKNOWN] , or the new generation [PLACE] ( 1844 ) 2 . sybil [PERSON] , or the two nations [PERSON] ( 1845 ) 3. tancred [PERSON] , or the new crusade [PLACE] ( 1847 ) poetry [ABILITY] * the revolutionary epick [UNKNOWN] ( 1834 ) drama [STATE] * the tragedy [SITUATION] of count alarcos [PERSON] ( 1839 ) non-fiction * an inquiry [ACT] into the plans [UNKNOWN] , progress [ACTION] , and policy [RULE] of the american [PLACE] mining companies [UNKNOWN] ( 1825 ) * lawyers [PERSON] and legislators [UNKNOWN] : or , notes [UNKNOWN] , on the american [PLACE] mining companies [UNKNOWN] ( 1825 ) * the present state [STATE] of mexico [PLACE] ( 1825 ) * england [PLACE] and france [PLACE] , or a cure [ELEMENT] for the ministerial gallomania [UNKNOWN] ( 1832 ) * what is he ? ( 1833 ) * the vindication [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the english constitution [PERSON] ( 1835 ) * the letters [PURPOSE] of runnymede [UNKNOWN] ( 1836 ) * lord george [PERSON] bentinck [PERSON] ( 1852 ) arms caption [CONDITION] : coat [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of arms [LANGUAGE] of benjamin disraeli [PERSON] crest issuant [PERSON] from a wreath [BODY] of oak [PERSON] proper a castle [PERSON] triple-towered argent [PERSON] . escutcheon [UNKNOWN] per saltire gules [UNKNOWN] and argent [PERSON] a castle [PERSON] triple-towered in chief [PERSON] argent [PERSON] two lions [PERSON] rampant in fess sable [PERSON] and an eagle [PERSON] displayed in base [ABSTRACT ENTITY] or . supporters dexter [PERSON] an eagle [PERSON] or sinister a lion [PERSON] or each gorged with a collar gules [UNKNOWN] and pendent [UNKNOWN] therefrom an escutcheon [UNKNOWN] of the last [UNKNOWN] charged with a tower argent [PERSON] . motto forti nihili difficile notes [UNKNOWN] and references

## Objects found

Id | Form | Freq | Tag | Context | Error
1 | disraeli | 321 | PERSON | " disraeli " redirects here . |
2 | gladstone | 48 | PERSON | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
3 | government | 37 | GOVERNMENT | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
4 | office | 35 | PLACE | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
5 | commons | 31 | UNKNOWN | after several unsuccessful attempts , disraeli entered the house of commons in 1837 . |
6 | derby | 31 | PERSON | in office 27 february 1868 - 1 december 1868 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by william ewart gladstone leader of the opposition |
7 | party | 30 | FORCE | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
8 | parliament | 30 | HUMAN GROUP | there had been members of parliament ( mps ) from jewish families since sampson gideon in 1770 . |
9 | britain | 29 | PLACE | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
10 | conservatives | 28 | UNKNOWN | he made the conservatives the party most identified with the british empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters . |
11 | queen | 27 | PERSON | he maintained a close friendship with queen victoria who , in 1876 , elevated him to the peerage as earl of beaconsfield . |
12 | election | 25 | POWER | upon derby 's retirement in 1868 , disraeli became prime minister briefly before losing that year 's general election . |
13 | house | 23 | PLACE | after several unsuccessful attempts , disraeli entered the house of commons in 1837 . |
14 | cabinet | 18 | EVENT | when disraeli attempted to secure a tory-radical cabinet in 1852 , bright refused . |
15 | england | 18 | PLACE | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
16 | time | 18 | PERIOD | disraeli was born in bloomsbury , at that time a part of middlesex . |
17 | liberals | 18 | PERSON | with gladstone conducting a massive speaking campaign , the liberals defeated disraeli 's conservatives at the 1880 general election . |
18 | palmerston | 17 | UNKNOWN | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
19 | prime minister | 16 | HUMAN ROLE | prime minister of the united kingdom ( 1868 ; 1874-1880 ) |
20 | years | 16 | PERIOD | two years later or so— the exact date has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder to rev john potticary 's school at blackheath . |
21 | minister | 16 | HUMAN ROLE | prime minister of the united kingdom ( 1868 ; 1874-1880 ) |
22 | chancellor | 14 | PERSON | in office 1 december 1868 - 17 february 1874 monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone chancellor of the exchequer |
23 | man | 14 | PERSON | three portraits ; a man and two women disraeli 's father , mother and sister — |
24 | year | 14 | PERIOD | upon derby 's retirement in 1868 , disraeli became prime minister briefly before losing that year 's general election . |
25 | salisbury | 14 | PERSON | in office 21 april 1880 - 19 april 1881 monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone preceded by marquess of hartington succeeded by the marquess of salisbury |
26 | life | 14 | EVENT | early life childhood disraeli was born on 21 december 1804 at 6 |
27 | leader | 13 | PERSON | in office 27 february 1868 - 1 december 1868 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by william ewart gladstone leader of the opposition |
28 | opposition | 13 | EVENT | in office 27 february 1868 - 1 december 1868 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by william ewart gladstone leader of the opposition |
29 | majority | 13 | PROPERTY | he returned to the opposition before leading the party to a majority in the 1874 general election . |
30 | father | 12 | PERSON | his father left judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; benjamin became an anglican at the age of 12 . |
31 | career | 12 | NUMBER | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
32 | russia | 12 | PLACE | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
33 | church | 12 | PERSON | following a quarrel in 1813 with the bevis marks synagogue , his father renounced judaism and had the four children baptised into the church of england in july and august 1817 . |
34 | earl | 12 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
35 | support | 12 | ACT | controversial wars in afghanistan and south africa undermined his public support . |
36 | british | 12 | UNKNOWN | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
37 | peel | 12 | PERSON | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
38 | death | 12 | EVENT | the tour was cut short suddenly by meredith 's death from smallpox in cairo in july 1831 . |
39 | london | 12 | PLACE | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
40 | lords | 12 | PERSON | the whigs derived from the coalition of lords who had forced through the bill of rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . |
41 | tories | 11 | UNKNOWN | the tories tended to support king and church and sought to thwart political change . |
42 | april | 11 | PERIOD | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
43 | politics | 11 | ACTION | conversion enabled disraeli to contemplate a career in politics . |
44 | policy | 11 | RULE | domestic policy legislation |
45 | victoria | 11 | PLACE | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
46 | bill | 11 | PERSON | he had already turned his attention to politics in 1832 , during the great crisis over the reform bill . |
47 | russell | 11 | PERSON | the tories remained split , and the queen sent for lord john russell , the whig leader . |
48 | berlin | 11 | PLACE | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
49 | corn laws | 11 | PERSON | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
50 | isaac | 10 | PLACE | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
51 | march | 10 | PERIOD | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
52 | july | 10 | PERIOD | in office 6 july 1866 - 29 |
53 | affairs | 10 | PLACE | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
54 | speech | 10 | SPEECH | disraeli made his maiden speech in parliament on 7 december 1837 . |
55 | war | 10 | EVENT | the start of the crimean war in 1854 caused a lull in party politics ; |
56 | december | 10 | PERIOD | in office 27 february 1868 - 1 december 1868 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by william ewart gladstone leader of the opposition |
57 | india | 10 | PLACE | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
58 | russians | 10 | UNKNOWN | the prime minister wanted a deal with the ottomans whereby britain would temporarily occupy strategic areas to deter the russians from war , to be returned on the signing of a peace treaty , but found little support in his cabinet , which favoured partition of the ottoman empire . |
59 | europe | 10 | PLACE | this diplomatic victory established disraeli as one of europe 's leading statesmen . |
60 | jews | 9 | PERSON | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
61 | february | 9 | PERIOD | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
62 | power | 9 | POWER | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
63 | leadership | 9 | PERSON | tory politician with experience of office followed peel , leaving the rump bereft of leadership . |
64 | january | 9 | PERIOD | in january 1874 , gladstone called a general election , convinced that if he waited longer , he would do worse at the polls . |
65 | novels | 9 | UNKNOWN | disraeli wrote novels throughout his career , beginning in 1826 , and published his last completed novel , endymion , shortly before he died at the age of 76 . |
66 | interest | 8 | ELEMENT | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
67 | term | 8 | TERM | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
68 | coningsby | 8 | UNKNOWN | venetia * coningsby * sybil * tancred * |
69 | legislation | 8 | PERSON | after peace was restored , and palmerston in early 1858 brought in legislation for direct rule of india by the crown , disraeli opposed it . |
70 | queen victoria | 8 | PERSON | he maintained a close friendship with queen victoria who , in 1876 , elevated him to the peerage as earl of beaconsfield . |
71 | congress | 8 | ACTIVITY | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
72 | work | 8 | ACTIVITY | released from the law , disraeli did some work for murray , but turned most of his attention to speculative dealing on the stock exchange . |
73 | reform | 8 | AMOUNT | he had already turned his attention to politics in 1832 , during the great crisis over the reform bill . |
74 | hughenden | 8 | UNKNOWN | while these intrigues played out , disraeli was working with the bentinck family to secure the necessary financing to purchase hughenden manor , in buckinghamshire . |
75 | role | 8 | ROLE | he played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party , defining its policies and its broad outreach . |
76 | premiership | 7 | POSITION | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
77 | wife | 7 | PERSON | isaac and his wife retained the older form . |
78 | bulgaria | 7 | PLACE | balkans and bulgaria cavalry wielding sabres fight men with guns on foot fight in |
79 | session | 7 | PERIOD | after this unpromising start disraeli kept a low profile for the rest of the parliamentary session . |
80 | murray | 7 | PERSON | he had made a tentative start : in may 1824 he submitted a manuscript to his father 's friend , the publisher john murray , but withdrew it before murray could decide whether to publish it . |
81 | defeat | 7 | BODY | he did not defeat the incumbent whig member , henry labouchere , but the taunton constituency was regarded as unwinnable by the tories . |
82 | whigs | 7 | LIQUID | the whigs derived from the coalition of lords who had forced through the bill of rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . |
83 | book | 7 | ENTITY | disraeli , then just 23 , did not move in high society , as the numerous solecisms in his book made obvious . |
84 | people | 7 | HUMAN GROUP | just fit now , after being twice discarded by the people , to become a conservative . |
85 | blake | 7 | PERSON | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
86 | shares | 7 | ACTION | there was at the time a boom in shares in south american mining companies . |
87 | canal | 7 | PERSON | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
88 | policies | 7 | RULE | he played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party , defining its policies and its broad outreach . |
89 | novel | 7 | EVENT | disraeli wrote novels throughout his career , beginning in 1826 , and published his last completed novel , endymion , shortly before he died at the age of 76 . |
90 | conservative party | 7 | FORCE | he played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party , defining its policies and its broad outreach . |
91 | men | 7 | PERSON | murray and lockhart , men of great influence in literary circles , believed that disraeli had caricatured them and abused their confidence—an accusation denied by the author but repeated by many of his biographers . |
92 | empire | 7 | STATE | he made the conservatives the party most identified with the british empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters . |
93 | bentinck | 7 | PERSON | bright , peel , bentinck and stanley disraeli gradually became a sharp critic of peel 's government , often deliberately taking contrary positions . |
94 | nations | 7 | PERSON | other european nations , faced with similar circumstances , opted for protection , and disraeli was urged to reinstitute the corn laws . |
95 | repeal | 7 | ACT | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
96 | money | 6 | MONEY | with no money of his own , disraeli borrowed money to invest . |
97 | left | 6 | UNKNOWN | his father left judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; benjamin became an anglican at the age of 12 . |
98 | august | 6 | PERIOD | following a quarrel in 1813 with the bevis marks synagogue , his father renounced judaism and had the four children baptised into the church of england in july and august 1817 . |
99 | friend | 6 | PERSON | isaac 's friend sharon turner , a solicitor , convinced him that although he could comfortably remain unattached to any formal religion it would be disadvantageous to the children if they did so . |
100 | benjamin | 6 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
101 | exchequer | 6 | AMOUNT | in office 1 december 1868 - 17 february 1874 monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone chancellor of the exchequer |
102 | sybil | 6 | PERSON | venetia * coningsby * sybil * tancred * |
103 | mps | 6 | UNKNOWN | there had been members of parliament ( mps ) from jewish families since sampson gideon in 1770 . |
104 | home | 6 | PLACE | as the new session of parliament approached in february 1868 , he was unable to leave his home but was reluctant to resign , as at 68 he was much younger than either palmerston or russell at the end of their premierships . |
105 | state | 6 | STATE | the wondrous tale of alroy the following year portrayed the problems of a medieval jew in deciding between a small , exclusively jewish state and a large empire embracing all . |
106 | title | 6 | ACTION | at the end of june 1851 , stanley succeeded to the title of earl of derby . |
107 | constantinople | 6 | UNKNOWN | the khedive governed egypt under the ottoman empire ; as in the crimea , the issue of the canal raised the eastern question of what to do about the decaying empire governed from constantinople . |
108 | jewishness | 6 | PROPERTY | role of his jewishness further information : |
109 | employers | 6 | PERSON | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
110 | turks | 6 | PLACE | in july 1875 serb populations in bosnia and herzegovina , then provinces of the ottoman empire , revolted against the turks , alleging religious persecution and poor administration . |
111 | november | 6 | PERIOD | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
112 | debate | 6 | STATE | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
113 | peace | 6 | EVENT | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
114 | votes | 6 | EVENT | the government was defeated by 19 votes , and derby resigned four days later . |
115 | june | 6 | PERIOD | february 1858 - 11 june 1859 prime minister |
116 | ottoman empire | 6 | STATE | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
117 | lyndhurst | 6 | UNKNOWN | croker , lyndhurst , henrietta sykes and lady londonderry |
118 | members | 6 | PERSON | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
119 | battle | 6 | PERSON | the first months of 1846 were dominated by a battle in parliament between the free traders and the protectionists over the repeal of the corn laws , with the latter rallying around disraeli and lord george bentinck . |
120 | secretary | 6 | PERSON | lyndhurst was an indiscreet gossip with a fondness for intrigue ; this appealed greatly to disraeli , who became his secretary and go-between . |
121 | vict | 6 | UNKNOWN | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
122 | order | 6 | GARMENT | bentinck and the leadership peel successfully steered the repeal of the corn laws through parliament and was then defeated by an alliance of his enemies on the issue of irish law and order ; he resigned in june 1846 . |
123 | tory | 6 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
124 | politician | 5 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
125 | view | 5 | PERSON | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
126 | lord salisbury | 5 | PERSON | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
127 | classes | 5 | UNKNOWN | there was a vogue for what was called " silver-fork fiction " — novels depicting aristocratic life , usually by anonymous authors , read by the aspirational middle classes . |
128 | day | 5 | PERIOD | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
129 | views | 5 | PERSON | disraeli 's political views embraced certain radical policies , particularly electoral reform , and also some tory ones , including protectionism . |
130 | radical | 5 | PERSON | the choice of a tory publication was regarded as strange by disraeli 's friends and relatives , who thought him more of a radical . |
131 | age | 5 | PROPERTY | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
132 | days | 5 | PERIOD | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
133 | romance | 5 | PERSON | a friendship developed , but there was no romance . |
134 | action | 5 | ACTION | he made the conservatives the party most identified with the british empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters . |
135 | latter | 5 | UNKNOWN | t f maples was not only the young disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in-law : isaac and maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for benjamin . |
136 | ottomans | 5 | PLACE | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
137 | parry | 5 | PERSON | disraeli 's biographer jonathan parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " |
138 | law | 5 | PERSON | t f maples was not only the young disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in law : isaac and maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for benjamin . |
139 | member | 5 | PERSON | isaac d'israeli had never taken religion very seriously but had remained a conforming member of the synagogue . |
140 | rest | 5 | NUMBER | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
141 | opponents | 5 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
142 | historians | 5 | PERSON | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
143 | position | 5 | POSITION | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
144 | university | 5 | INSTITUTION | i have often thought , though i have often regretted the university , that it was much the reverse . |
145 | right | 5 | UNKNOWN | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
146 | country | 5 | PLACE | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
147 | place | 5 | PLACE | he again offered a place to gladstone , who declined . |
148 | century | 5 | PERIOD | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
149 | health | 5 | PROPERTY | bradford speculates that " benjamin 's delicate health and his obviously jewish appearance may have had something to do with it . " |
150 | end | 5 | UNKNOWN | at the end of june 1851 , stanley succeeded to the title of earl of derby . |
151 | peers | 5 | PERSON | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
152 | united kingdom | 5 | PLACE | prime minister of the united kingdom ( 1868 ; 1874-1880 ) |
153 | dispute | 5 | DISPUTE | his father left judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; benjamin became an anglican at the age of 12 . |
154 | endymion | 5 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
155 | william ewart gladstone | 5 | PERSON | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
156 | ministers | 5 | PERSON | it is true there is a collision , but it is not a collision between the lords and the people , but between the ministers and the constitution . |
157 | measure | 5 | MEASURE | indeed , he had objected to murray about croker 's inserting " high tory " sentiment : disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of reform can issue from my pen . " |
158 | family | 5 | HUMAN GROUP | the family was mostly from italy , of sephardic jewish mercantile background . |
159 | budget | 5 | DOCUMENT PART | budget disraeli 's task as chancellor was to devise a budget which would satisfy the protectionist elements who supported the tories , without uniting the free-traders against it . |
160 | beaconsfield | 5 | PLACE | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
161 | opportunity | 5 | OPPORTUNITY | disraeli regretted this , hoping for an opportunity , however brief , to show himself capable in office . |
162 | aristocracy | 5 | SET | at that time , british politics were dominated by the aristocracy , with a few powerful commoners . |
163 | turkey | 5 | PLACE | now we are obliged to work from a new point of departure , and dictate to turkey , who has forfeited all sympathy . " |
164 | religion | 5 | UNKNOWN | isaac d'israeli had never taken religion very seriously but had remained a conforming member of the synagogue . |
165 | weeks | 5 | PERIOD | palmerston did so within weeks of parliament 's reassembly on 4 february 1852 , his followers combining with disraeli 's |
166 | events | 5 | PLACE | world events thereafter moved against the conservatives . |
167 | influence | 5 | POWER | after that , disraeli 's influence on murray waned , and to his resentment he was sidelined in the affairs of the representative . |
168 | khedive | 5 | UNKNOWN | built by french interests , 56 % of the stocks in the canal remained in their hands , while 44 % of the stock belonged to isma 'il pasha , the khedive of egypt . |
169 | friends | 5 | PERSON | two men and two women friends and allies of disraeli in the 1830s : clockwise from top left — |
170 | alroy | 5 | PERSON | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
171 | oath | 5 | ASSET | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
172 | alliance | 5 | STATE | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
173 | efforts | 5 | ACTION | as mps prepared to divide , gladstone rose to his feet and began an angry speech , despite the efforts of tory mps to shout him down . |
174 | reform bill | 5 | PERSON | he had already turned his attention to politics in 1832 , during the great crisis over the reform bill . |
175 | conservatism | 5 | ATTITUDE | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
176 | lord derby | 5 | PERSON | when lord derby , the party leader , thrice formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s , disraeli served as chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the house of commons . |
177 | o'connell | 5 | UNKNOWN | daniel o'connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to disraeli as : a reptile ... |
178 | balkans | 5 | UNKNOWN | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
179 | biographers | 5 | PERSON | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
180 | times | 5 | UNKNOWN | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
181 | kind | 5 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
182 | word | 4 | WORD | a middle-aged man in victorian clothes gladstone in the 1850s disraeli delivered the budget on 3 december 1852 , and prepared to wind up the debate for the government on 16 december—it was customary for the chancellor to have the last word . |
183 | children | 4 | PERSON | following a quarrel in 1813 with the bevis marks synagogue , his father renounced judaism and had the four children baptised into the church of england in july and august 1817 . |
184 | food | 4 | FOOD | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
185 | attempt | 4 | ACTION | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
186 | months | 4 | PERIOD | in his final months , disraeli led the conservatives in opposition . |
187 | reports | 4 | SYMBOL | daniel o'connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to disraeli as : a reptile ... |
188 | france | 4 | PLACE | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
189 | words | 4 | WORD | he became , in parry 's words , " aware of values that seemed denied to his insular countrymen . |
190 | maples | 4 | PERSON | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
191 | person | 4 | PERSON | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
192 | protection | 4 | ACT | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
193 | school | 4 | INSTITUTION | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
194 | motives | 4 | POWER | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
195 | vivian grey | 4 | PERSON | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
196 | tour | 4 | EVENT | the tour was cut short suddenly by meredith 's death from smallpox in cairo in july 1831 . |
197 | letters | 4 | PURPOSE | once the bill was formally enacted , victoria began signing her letters " victoria r & i " ( latin : regina et imperatrix , queen and empress ) . |
198 | proposal | 4 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
199 | bismarck | 4 | FOOD | in 1862 , disraeli met prussian count otto von bismarck and said of him , " be careful about that man , he means what he says " . |
200 | author | 4 | PERSON | reviewers were sharply critical on these grounds of both the author and the book . |
201 | interests | 4 | ELEMENT | in the early 1830s the tories and the interests they represented appeared to be a lost cause . |
202 | imperialism | 4 | PLACE | before his leadership of the conservative party , imperialism was the province of the liberals , most notably palmerston . |
203 | judaism | 4 | CONCEPT | his father left judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; benjamin became an anglican at the age of 12 . |
204 | bishop | 4 | PERSON | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
205 | firm | 4 | INSTITUTION | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
206 | coalition | 4 | GROUP | the whigs derived from the coalition of lords who had forced through the bill of rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . |
207 | mission | 4 | PERSON | in 1878 the russians sent a mission to kabul ; it was not rejected by the afghans , as the british had hoped . |
208 | young duke | 4 | PERSON | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
209 | may | 4 | PERIOD | bradford speculates that " benjamin 's delicate health and his obviously jewish appearance may have had something to do with it . " |
210 | character | 4 | FORCE | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
211 | minority | 4 | GROUP | he resigned , and the queen sent for stanley , who felt that a minority government could do little and would not last long , so russell remained in office . |
212 | failure | 4 | STATE | disraeli 's biographer jonathan parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " |
213 | resignation | 4 | EVENT | this confused arrangement ended with granby 's resignation in 1851 ; disraeli effectively ignored the two men regardless . |
214 | egypt | 4 | PLACE | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
215 | henrietta sykes | 4 | PERSON | croker , lyndhurst , henrietta sykes and lady londonderry |
216 | decades | 4 | UNKNOWN | his motives were generally assumed to be mercenary , but the couple came to cherish one another , remaining close until she died more than three decades later . |
217 | leaders | 4 | PERSON | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
218 | positions | 4 | POSITION | bright , peel , bentinck and stanley disraeli gradually became a sharp critic of peel 's government , often deliberately taking contrary positions . |
219 | son | 4 | PERSON | king 's road , bedford row , bloomsbury , london , the second child and eldest son of isaac d' israeli , a literary critic and historian , and maria ( miriam ) , née basevi . |
220 | affair | 4 | PLACE | disraeli 's first novel , vivian grey , published anonymously in four volumes in 1826-27 , was a thinly veiled re-telling of the affair of the representative . |
221 | henrietta temple | 4 | PERSON | the infernal marriage * henrietta temple * |
222 | conspiracy | 4 | DOCUMENT PART | at the request of the french ambassador , palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . |
223 | others | 4 | UNKNOWN | he turned to writing , motivated partly by his desperate need for money , and partly by a wish for revenge on murray and others by whom he felt slighted . |
224 | portrait | 4 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
225 | sister | 4 | PERSON | three portraits ; a man and two women disraeli 's father , mother and sister — |
226 | debts | 4 | MONEY | disraeli could not pay off the last of his debts from this debacle until 1849 . |
227 | honour | 4 | UNKNOWN | there , he told the gathered crowd , " lord salisbury and i have brought you back peace— but a peace i hope with honour . " |
228 | office february | 4 | PERIOD |  |
229 | funeral | 4 | ACTION | despite having been offered a state funeral by queen victoria , disraeli 's executors decided against a public procession and funeral , fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour . |
230 | benjamin disraeli | 4 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
231 | change | 4 | UNKNOWN | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
232 | opinion | 4 | TRUST | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
233 | eastern question | 4 | QUESTION | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
234 | venetia | 4 | PERSON | venetia * coningsby * sybil * tancred * |
235 | contarini | 4 | PERSON | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
236 | actions | 4 | ACTION | although the budget did not contain protectionist features , the opposition was prepared to destroy it— and disraeli 's career as chancellor—in part out of revenge for his actions against peel in 1846 . |
237 | companies | 4 | UNKNOWN | there was at the time a boom in shares in south american mining companies . |
238 | politicians | 4 | PERSON | the new paper , the representative , promoted the mines and those politicians who supported them , particularly canning . |
239 | foreign secretary | 4 | PERSON | lord stanley ( who had succeeded his father , the former prime minister , as earl of derby ) became foreign secretary and sir stafford northcote the chancellor . |
240 | paper | 4 | PERSON | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
241 | lothair | 4 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
242 | response | 4 | ACT | he angered farmers by refusing to reinstitute the corn laws in response to poor harvests and cheap imported grain . |
243 | re election | 4 | POWER |  |
244 | hero | 4 | PERSON | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
245 | gentlemen | 3 | PLACE | when cecil 's father objected , lord robert stated , " i have merely put into print what all the country gentlemen were saying in private . " |
246 | afghanistan | 3 | PLACE | controversial wars in afghanistan and south africa undermined his public support . |
247 | nation | 3 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
248 | stanley | 3 | PERSON | bright , peel , bentinck and stanley disraeli gradually became a sharp critic of peel 's government , often deliberately taking contrary positions . |
249 | relationship | 3 | RELATIONSHIP | he had broken off the relationship in late 1836 , distraught that she had taken yet another lover . |
250 | differences | 3 | STATE | in 1847 a small political crisis removed bentinck from the leadership and highlighted disraeli 's differences with his own party . |
251 | workers | 3 | UNKNOWN | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
252 | treaty | 3 | ARTIFACT | under palmerston , the war went better , and was ended by the treaty of paris in early 1856 . |
253 | collision | 3 | EVENT | in the mean time , the whigs bawl that there is a " collision ! " |
254 | duke | 3 | PERSON | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
255 | constituencies | 3 | PLACE | a small number of radicals , generally from northern constituencies , were the strongest advocates of continuing reform . |
256 | iskander | 3 | PERSON | the rise of iskander * |
257 | pamphlet | 3 | PERSON | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
258 | possessions | 3 | STATE | other ottoman possessions in europe would become independent ; additional territory was to be ceded directly to russia . |
259 | afghans | 3 | EVENT | in 1878 the russians sent a mission to kabul ; it was not rejected by the afghans , as the british had hoped . |
260 | service | 3 | INSTITUTION | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
261 | act | 3 | ACT | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
262 | south | 3 | PLACE | controversial wars in afghanistan and south africa undermined his public support . |
263 | statesman | 3 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
264 | brothers | 3 | PERSON | he was close to his sister and on affectionate but more distant terms with his surviving brothers . |
265 | administration | 3 | PLACE | second derby government main article : second derby-disraeli ministry derby took office at the head of a purely " conservative " administration , not in coalition . |
266 | ideas | 3 | ACT | nevertheless , his biographer robert blake doubts that his subject had specific ideas about foreign policy when he took office in 1874 . |
267 | atrocities | 3 | ACT | gladstone , who had left the liberal leadership and retired from public life , was appalled by reports of atrocities in bulgaria , and in august 1876 , penned a hastily written pamphlet arguing that the turks should be deprived of bulgaria because of what they had done there . |
268 | condition | 3 | CONDITION | peel hoped that the repeal of the corn laws and the resultant influx of cheaper wheat into britain would relieve the condition of the poor , and in particular the great famine caused by successive failure of potato crops in ireland . |
269 | isaac d' israeli | 3 | PERSON | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
270 | experience | 3 | EFFECT | tory politician with experience of office followed peel , leaving the rump bereft of leadership . |
271 | mother | 3 | PERSON | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
272 | peelites | 3 | UNKNOWN | an alliance of free-trade conservatives ( the " peelites " ) , radicals , and whigs carried repeal , and the conservative party split : the peelites moved towards the whigs , while a " new " conservative party formed around the protectionists , led by disraeli , bentinck , and lord stanley ( later lord derby ) . |
273 | terms | 3 | TERM | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
274 | nature | 3 | NATURE | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
275 | departure | 3 | EVENT | at his first departure from 10 downing street in 1868 , disraeli had victoria make his wife mary anne viscountess |
276 | progress | 3 | ACTION | as parry observes , the book ends on a political note , setting out europe 's progress " from feudal to federal principles " . |
277 | seat | 3 | PROPERTY | disraeli kept labouchere 's majority down to 170 , a good showing that put him in line for a winnable seat in the near future . |
278 | control | 3 | GROUP | the interruptions were fewer , as gladstone gained control of the house , and in the next two hours painted a picture of disraeli as frivolous and his budget as subversive . |
279 | wondrous tale | 3 | PERSON | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
280 | issue | 3 | EVENT | indeed , he had objected to murray about croker 's inserting " high tory " sentiment : disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of reform can issue from my pen . " |
281 | seats | 3 | PROPERTY | finding the financial demands of his maidstone seat too much , disraeli secured a tory nomination for shrewsbury , winning one of the constituency 's two seats at the 1841 general election , despite serious opposition , and heavy debts which opponents seized on . |
282 | lord john russell | 3 | PERSON | the tories remained split , and the queen sent for lord john russell , the whig leader . |
283 | scrutiny | 3 | ACT | in 2007 parry wrote , " the tory democrat myth did not survive detailed scrutiny by professional historical writing of the 1960s demonstrated that disraeli had very little interest in a programme of social legislation and was very flexible in handling parliamentary reform in 1867 . " despite this , parry sees disraeli , rather than peel , as the founder of the modern conservative party . |
284 | hands | 3 | PERSON | built by french interests , 56 % of the stocks in the canal remained in their hands , while 44 % of the stock belonged to isma 'il pasha , the khedive of egypt . |
285 | rule | 3 | RULE | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
286 | changes | 3 | UNKNOWN | disraeli made many changes , softening his satire , but the damage to his reputation proved long-lasting . |
287 | result | 3 | RESULT | as the constituencies voted , it became clear that the result would be a conservative majority , the first since 1841 . |
288 | reforms | 3 | PERSON | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
289 | trade | 3 | PERSON | though disappointed at being left on the back benches , he continued his support for peel in 1842 and 1843 , seeking to establish himself as an expert on foreign affairs and international trade . |
290 | meeting | 3 | ACTIVITY | instead , the election later that month had no clear winner , and the derby government held to power pending the meeting of parliament . |
291 | divisions | 3 | PERSON | a stately-looking gentleman in a dark suit , sitting with a book the earl of derby , prime minister 1852 , 1858-59 , 1866-68 in march 1851 , lord john russell 's government was defeated over a bill to equalise the county and borough franchises , mostly because of divisions among his supporters . |
292 | biography | 3 | SEQUENCE | further he wrote a discourse on political theory and a political biography , the life of lord george bentinck , which is excellent ... remarkably fair and accurate . " |
293 | charge | 3 | AMOUNT | he reprimanded frere , but left him in charge , attracting fire from all sides . |
294 | treatment | 3 | TREATMENT | despite this tragedy , and the need for treatment for a sexually transmitted disease on his return , disraeli felt enriched by his experiences . |
295 | doctors | 3 | RESOURCE | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
296 | farmers | 3 | PERSON | he angered farmers by refusing to reinstitute the corn laws in response to poor harvests and cheap imported grain . |
297 | attack | 3 | EVENT | daniel o'connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to disraeli as : a reptile ... |
298 | values | 3 | VALUE | he became , in parry 's words , " aware of values that seemed denied to his insular countrymen . |
299 | reform act | 3 | ACT | before the reform act 1867 , the working class did not possess the vote and therefore had little political power . |
300 | start | 3 | UNKNOWN | he had made a tentative start : in may 1824 he submitted a manuscript to his father 's friend , the publisher john murray , but withdrew it before murray could decide whether to publish it . |
301 | tory party | 3 | PERSON | the split in the tory party over the repeal of the corn laws had profound implications for disraeli 's political career : almost every |
302 | group | 3 | GROUP | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
303 | rebellion | 3 | FORCE | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
304 | form | 3 | FORM | isaac and his wife retained the older form . |
305 | churchill | 3 | PERSON | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
306 | scotland | 3 | PLACE | in addition , the public health ( scotland ) |
307 | statesmanship | 3 | SKILL | foreign policy disraeli always considered foreign affairs to be the most critical and interesting part of statesmanship . |
308 | prince | 3 | PERSON | public support for disraeli was shown by cheering at a thanksgiving service in 1872 on the recovery of the prince of wales from illness , while gladstone was met with silence . |
309 | crowds | 3 | GROUP | on his advice , gladstone accepted the offer in january 1879 , and later that year began his midlothian campaign , speaking not only in edinburgh , but across britain , attacking disraeli , to huge crowds . |
310 | increase | 3 | INCREASE | the tories pursued a reform bill in 1859 , which would have resulted in a modest increase to the franchise . |
311 | lord george bentinck | 3 | PERSON | the first months of 1846 were dominated by a battle in parliament between the free traders and the protectionists over the repeal of the corn laws , with the latter rallying around disraeli and lord george bentinck . |
312 | illness | 3 | ILLNESS | derby knew that his " attacks of illness would , at no distant period , incapacitate me from the discharge of my public duties " ; doctors had warned him that his health required his resignation . |
313 | mediterranean | 3 | PLACE | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
314 | minority government | 3 | GOVERNMENT | he resigned , and the queen sent for stanley , who felt that a minority government could do little and would not last long , so russell remained in office . |
315 | agreement | 3 | AGREEMENT | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
316 | decision | 3 | DECISION | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
317 | tea | 3 | PERSON | his proposed budget , which he presented to the commons on 3 december , lowered the taxes on malt and tea , provisions designed to appeal to the working class . |
318 | ships | 3 | SHIP | the suez canal , opened in 1869 , cut weeks and thousands of miles off the sea journey between britain and india ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships using the canal were british . |
319 | empress | 3 | EVENT | disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on queen victoria the title " empress of india " . |
320 | rise | 3 | PERSON | the rise of iskander * |
321 | subject | 3 | ABILITY | nevertheless , his biographer robert blake doubts that his subject had specific ideas about foreign policy when he took office in 1874 . |
322 | united states | 3 | PLACE | less reticent were palmerston , gladstone , and russell , whose statements in support of the south contributed to years of hard feelings in the united states . |
323 | argent | 3 | PERSON | arms caption : coat of arms of benjamin disraeli crest issuant from a wreath of oak proper a castle triple-towered argent . |
324 | advance | 3 | EVENT | in advance of the conference , disraeli sent salisbury private word to seek british military occupation of bulgaria and bosnia , and british control of the ottoman army . |
325 | peerage | 3 | COLLECTION | he maintained a close friendship with queen victoria who , in 1876 , elevated him to the peerage as earl of beaconsfield . |
326 | need | 3 | UNKNOWN | he turned to writing , motivated partly by his desperate need for money , and partly by a wish for revenge on murray and others by whom he felt slighted . |
327 | supporters | 3 | UNKNOWN | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
328 | memorial | 3 | STATEMENT | queen victoria was prostrated with grief , and considered ennobling ralph or coningsby as a memorial to disraeli ( without children , his titles became extinct with his death ) , but decided against it on the ground that their means were too small for a peerage . |
329 | story | 3 | PERSON | in the same year disraeli published a novel , henrietta temple , which was a love story and social comedy , drawing on his affair with henrietta sykes . |
330 | vote | 3 | EVENT | before the reform act 1867 , the working class did not possess the vote and therefore had little political power . |
331 | french | 3 | PLACE | to make his budget revenue-neutral , as funds were needed to provide defences against the french , he doubled the house tax and continued the income tax . |
332 | constituency | 3 | PLACE | he did not defeat the incumbent whig member , henry labouchere , but the taunton constituency was regarded as unwinnable by the tories . |
333 | high wycombe | 3 | PERSON | moreover , at the time gallomania was published , disraeli was electioneering in high wycombe in the radical interest . |
334 | class | 3 | UNKNOWN | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle class and undramatic as they really were " . |
335 | plans | 3 | UNKNOWN | political plans were thrown into disarray by palmerston 's death on 18 october 1865 . |
336 | kabul | 3 | PLACE | in 1878 the russians sent a mission to kabul ; it was not rejected by the afghans , as the british had hoped . |
337 | toryism | 3 | CONCEPT | the other great party , the whigs , were anathema to disraeli : " toryism is worn out & i cannot condescend to be a whig . " |
338 | crisis | 3 | EVENT | disraeli 's biographer jonathan parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " |
339 | victory | 3 | PERSON | this diplomatic victory established disraeli as one of europe 's leading statesmen . |
340 | south africa | 3 | PLACE | controversial wars in afghanistan and south africa undermined his public support . |
341 | friendship | 3 | RELATIONSHIP | he maintained a close friendship with queen victoria who , in 1876 , elevated him to the peerage as earl of beaconsfield . |
342 | throne | 3 | EVENT | when parliament assembled , derby 's government was defeated by 13 votes on an amendment to the address from the throne . |
343 | ireland | 3 | PLACE | peel hoped that the repeal of the corn laws and the resultant influx of cheaper wheat into britain would relieve the condition of the poor , and in particular the great famine caused by successive failure of potato crops in ireland . |
344 | heaven | 3 | PERSON | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
345 | castle | 3 | PERSON | in parry 's view , disraeli 's foreign policy " can be seen as a gigantic castle in the air ( as it was by gladstone ) , or as an overdue attempt to force the british commercial classes to awaken to the realities of european politics . " |
346 | ixion | 3 | UNKNOWN | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
347 | working classes | 3 | UNKNOWN | disraeli 's overall purpose was to enact policies which would benefit the working classes , making his party more attractive to them . |
348 | fiction | 3 | STATEMENT | there was a vogue for what was called " silver-fork fiction " — novels depicting aristocratic life , usually by anonymous authors , read by the aspirational middle classes . |
349 | attention | 3 | ELEMENT | released from the law , disraeli did some work for murray , but turned most of his attention to speculative dealing on the stock exchange . |
350 | boom | 3 | PERSON | there was at the time a boom in shares in south american mining companies . |
351 | letter | 3 | PURPOSE | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
352 | new generation | 3 | PLACE | with coningsby ; or , the new generation ( 1844 ) , disraeli , in blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that england 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " sybil ; or , the two nations was less idealistic than coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . |
353 | morning | 3 | PERSON | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
354 | burke | 3 | PERSON | in addition to the viscounty bestowed on mary anne disraeli , the earldom of beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on edmund burke in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . |
355 | granby | 3 | PERSON | russell , rothschild , manners and granby |
356 | event | 3 | EVENT | in the event the tory split soon had the party out of office , not regaining power until 1852 . |
357 | daughter | 3 | PERSON | t f maples was not only the young disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in-law : isaac and maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for benjamin . |
358 | conservative | 3 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
359 | infernal marriage | 3 | EVENT | the infernal marriage * henrietta temple * |
360 | series | 3 | SERIES | the following year he wrote a series of satires on politicians of the day , which he published in the times under the pen-name " runnymede " . |
361 | troops | 3 | HUMAN GROUP | the cabinet discussed disraeli 's proposal to position indian troops at malta for possible transit to the balkans and call out reserves . |
362 | lionel de rothschild | 3 | PERSON | in that year 's general election , lionel de rothschild had been returned for the city of london . |
363 | conference | 3 | ACT | four men international delegates at the constantinople conference : clockwise from top left , saffet pasha ( turkey ) , general ignatieff ( russia ) , lord salisbury ( britain ) and the comte de chaudordy ( france ) |
364 | paris | 3 | PLACE | under palmerston , the war went better , and was ended by the treaty of paris in early 1856 . |
365 | mexico | 3 | PLACE | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
366 | dinner | 2 | FOOD | owing to his infirmities , disraeli was 45 minutes late for the lord mayor 's dinner at the guild hall in november , at which it is customary that the prime minister speaks . |
367 | legislators | 2 | UNKNOWN | the queen prevailed upon disraeli to introduce a royal titles bill , and also told of her intent to open parliament in person , which during this time she did only when she wanted something from legislators . |
368 | christian | 2 | PERSON | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
369 | johnson | 2 | PERSON | cameron * may * osborne * johnson * |
370 | lord chancellor | 2 | PERSON | in 1834 he was introduced to the former lord chancellor , lord lyndhurst , by henrietta sykes , wife of sir francis sykes . |
371 | tory mps | 2 | PERSON | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
372 | manchester | 2 | PLACE | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
373 | freedom | 2 | PERSON | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
374 | mark | 2 | ORGANISATION | disraeli 's politics at the time were influenced both by his rebellious streak and his desire to make his mark . |
375 | successes | 2 | UNKNOWN | others hoped for further russian successes . |
376 | enemies | 2 | PERSON | bentinck and the leadership peel successfully steered the repeal of the corn laws through parliament and was then defeated by an alliance of his enemies on the issue of irish law and order ; he resigned in june 1846 . |
377 | poor | 2 | UNKNOWN | he angered farmers by refusing to reinstitute the corn laws in response to poor harvests and cheap imported grain . |
378 | paternalistic | 2 | UNKNOWN | disraeli hoped to forge a paternalistic tory-radical alliance , but he was unsuccessful . |
379 | expedition | 2 | ACT | disraeli sent the successful expedition against tewodros |
380 | gules | 2 | UNKNOWN | per saltire gules and argent a castle triple-towered in chief argent two lions rampant in fess sable and an eagle displayed in base or . |
381 | stewardship | 2 | RANK | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
382 | aftermath | 2 | PLACE | disraeli wrote two novels in the aftermath of the tour . |
383 | appointments | 2 | DECISION | for example , disraeli made political appointments to positions previously given to career civil servants . |
384 | chelmsford | 2 | PERSON | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
385 | british empire | 2 | STATE | he made the conservatives the party most identified with the british empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters . |
386 | dissenters | 2 | PERSON | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
387 | suez canal | 2 | PLACE | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
388 | suez canal company | 2 | INSTITUTION | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
389 | editor | 2 | PERSON | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
390 | coast | 2 | EVENT | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
391 | appearance | 2 | PERSON | bradford speculates that " benjamin 's delicate health and his obviously jewish appearance may have had something to do with it . " |
392 | problems | 2 | EVENT | they conditioned his attitude toward some of the most important political problems which faced him in his later years— especially the eastern question ; they also coloured many of his novels . " |
393 | vacancy | 2 | QUANTITY | faced with a vacancy , disraeli and derby tried yet again to bring gladstone , still nominally a conservative mp , into the government , hoping to strengthen it . |
394 | love | 2 | PERSON | in the same year disraeli published a novel , henrietta temple , which was a love story and social comedy , drawing on his affair with henrietta sykes . |
395 | language | 2 | LANGUAGE | disraeli caused an uproar in the congress by making his opening address in english , rather than in french , hitherto accepted as the international language of diplomacy . |
396 | pride | 2 | PERSON | too much so ; in the pride of boyish erudition , i edited the idonisian eclogue of theocritus , wh . was privately printed . |
397 | stability | 2 | CONDITION | he spoke only once there in the 1877 session on the eastern question , stating on 20 february that there was a need for stability in the balkans , and that forcing turkey into territorial concessions would not secure it . |
398 | demand | 2 | EVENT | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
399 | ritualists | 2 | PERSON | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
400 | movements | 2 | UNKNOWN | he favoured low church clergymen in promotion , disliking other movements in anglicanism for political reasons . |
401 | city | 2 | PLACE | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
402 | english | 2 | EVENT | his vindication of the english constitution , was published in december 1835 . |
403 | biographer | 2 | PERSON | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
404 | lowe | 2 | PERSON | an old enemy of disraeli , former liberal chancellor robert lowe , alleged during the debate in the commons that two previous prime ministers had refused to introduce such legislation for the queen . |
405 | marriage | 2 | EVENT | the infernal marriage * henrietta temple * |
406 | addition | 2 | PERSON | in addition , the public health ( scotland ) |
407 | tancred | 2 | PERSON | venetia * coningsby * sybil * tancred * |
408 | workmen act | 2 | ACT | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
409 | motion | 2 | REQUEST | the aberdeen government made this a motion of confidence ; |
410 | tragedy | 2 | SITUATION | despite this tragedy , and the need for treatment for a sexually transmitted disease on his return , disraeli felt enriched by his experiences . |
411 | notes | 2 | UNKNOWN | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
412 | democracy | 2 | QUALITY | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
413 | by election | 2 | POWER |  |
414 | powles | 2 | PERSON | he became involved with the financier j. d . powles , who was prominent among those encouraging the mining boom . |
415 | movement | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | he was a loyal supporter of the party leader sir robert peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the chartist movement that most tories did not share . |
416 | vindication | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | his vindication of the english constitution , was published in december 1835 . |
417 | heritage | 2 | UNKNOWN | as a leader of the conservative party , which had ties to the landed aristocracy , disraeli used his jewish ancestry to claim an aristocratic heritage of his own . |
418 | ancestry | 2 | PERSON | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
419 | biographer jonathan parry | 2 | PERSON | disraeli 's biographer jonathan parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " |
420 | chief | 2 | PERSON | disraeli sent general sir garnet wolseley as high commissioner and commander in chief , and cetewayo and the zulus were crushed at the battle of ulundi on 4 july 1879 . |
421 | fall | 2 | PERSON | with the fall of the government , disraeli and the conservatives returned to the opposition benches . |
422 | synagogue | 2 | ACTIVITY | his father left judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; benjamin became an anglican at the age of 12 . |
423 | sort | 2 | TENDENCY | it reflected anti-catholicism of the sort that was popular in britain , and which fueled support for italian unification ( " risorgimento " ) . |
424 | lord palmerston | 2 | PERSON | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
425 | serbia | 2 | PLACE | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
426 | jew | 2 | PERSON | the wondrous tale of alroy the following year portrayed the problems of a medieval jew in deciding between a small , exclusively jewish state and a large empire embracing all . |
427 | negotiations | 2 | PROCESS | the negotiations were complicated by bentinck 's sudden death on 21 september 1848 , but disraeli obtained a loan of £25,000 from bentinck 's brothers lord henry bentinck and lord titchfield . |
428 | beliefs | 2 | TRUST | whig as hero , is a last exposition of the author 's economic policies and political beliefs . |
429 | protectionists | 2 | PERSON | the first months of 1846 were dominated by a battle in parliament between the free traders and the protectionists over the repeal of the corn laws , with the latter rallying around disraeli and lord george bentinck . |
430 | amendment | 2 | EVENT | the liberals were healing the breaches between those who favoured russell and the palmerston loyalists , and in late march 1859 , the government was defeated on a russell-sponsored amendment . |
431 | communications | 2 | UNKNOWN | with much of the pre-canal trade and communications between britain and india passing through the ottoman empire , britain had done its best to prop up the ottomans against the threat that russia would take constantinople , cutting those communications , and giving russian ships unfettered access to the mediterranean . |
432 | exception | 2 | STATEMENT | he was a loyal supporter of the party leader sir robert peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the chartist movement that most tories did not share . |
433 | american | 2 | PLACE | there was at the time a boom in shares in south american mining companies . |
434 | newspapers | 2 | UNKNOWN | as leader of the house , disraeli resumed his regular reports to queen victoria , who had requested that he include what she " could not meet in newspapers " . |
435 | principles | 2 | PERSON | as parry observes , the book ends on a political note , setting out europe 's progress " from feudal to federal principles " . |
436 | confidence | 2 | EMOTION | the aberdeen government made this a motion of confidence ; |
437 | mistake | 2 | EVENT | it would be a mistake to suppose that the two years and more that i was in the office of our friend were wasted . |
438 | intent | 2 | STATE | disraeli did not agree , and while he did not seek to reverse the order , his actions often frustrated its intent . |
439 | reaction | 2 | PERSON | disraeli was cautious in response , as careful soundings of mps brought a negative reaction , and he declined to place such a proposal in the queen 's speech . |
440 | public | 2 | UNKNOWN | controversial wars in afghanistan and south africa undermined his public support . |
441 | runnymede | 2 | UNKNOWN | the following year he wrote a series of satires on politicians of the day , which he published in the times under the pen-name " runnymede " . |
442 | side | 2 | PLACE | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
443 | pamphlets | 2 | PERSON | in 1825 , disraeli wrote three anonymous pamphlets for powles , promoting the companies . |
444 | dizzy | 2 | DEVICE | " dizzy married me for my money " , his wife said later , " but , if he had the chance again , he would marry me for love . " |
445 | baldwin | 2 | PERSON | baldwin * macmillan * butler * howard * |
446 | flowers | 2 | ARTIFACT | at the door of 10 downing street , disraeli received flowers sent by the queen . |
447 | street | 2 | PLACE | at his first departure from 10 downing street in 1868 , disraeli had victoria make his wife mary anne viscountess |
448 | english constitution | 2 | PERSON | his vindication of the english constitution , was published in december 1835 . |
449 | favour | 2 | PERSON | disraeli spoke in favour of the measure , arguing that christianity was " completed judaism " , and asking the house of commons " where is your christianity if you do not believe in their judaism ? " russell and disraeli 's future rival gladstone thought this brave ; the speech was badly received by his own party . |
450 | town | 2 | PLACE | the name beaconsfield , a town near hughenden , was given to a minor character in vivian grey . |
451 | business | 2 | STATE | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
452 | new crusade | 2 | PLACE | the last was tancred ; or , the new crusade ( 1847 ) , promoting the church of england 's role in reviving britain 's flagging spirituality . |
453 | bradford | 2 | PERSON | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . |
454 | county | 2 | PLACE | after this i was with a private tutor for two years in my own county , & my education was severely classical . |
455 | subcontinent | 2 | PLACE | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
456 | task | 2 | AMOUNT | disraeli impressed murray with his energy and commitment to the project , but he failed in his key task of persuading the eminent writer john gibson lockhart to edit the paper . |
457 | cure | 2 | ELEMENT | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
458 | cetewayo | 2 | UNKNOWN | the governor of cape colony , sir bartle frere , believing that the federation could not be accomplished until the native tribes acknowledged british rule , made demands on the zulu and their king , cetewayo , which they were certain to reject . |
459 | figure | 2 | FIGURE | disraeli clashed with peel in the house of commons , becoming a major figure in the party . |
460 | allies | 2 | PERSON | two men and two women friends and allies of disraeli in the 1830s : clockwise from top left — |
461 | samuel wilberforce | 2 | PERSON | civil service disraeli 's failure to appoint samuel wilberforce as bishop of london may have cost him votes in the 1868 election . |
462 | barrister | 2 | PERSON | on their return to england he left the solicitors , at the suggestion of maples , with the aim of qualifying as a barrister . |
463 | dark | 2 | CONDITION | a stately-looking gentleman in a dark suit , sitting with a book the earl of derby , prime minister 1852 , 1858-59 , 1866-68 in march 1851 , lord john russell 's government was defeated over a bill to equalise the county and borough franchises , mostly because of divisions among his supporters . |
464 | belgium | 2 | PLACE | disraeli toured belgium and the rhine valley with his father in the summer of 1824 . |
465 | birth | 2 | CONDITION | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . |
466 | choice | 2 | EVENT | the choice of a tory publication was regarded as strange by disraeli 's friends and relatives , who thought him more of a radical . |
467 | dublin | 2 | PLACE | an initial attempt by disraeli to negotiate with archbishop manning the establishment of a catholic university in dublin foundered in march when gladstone moved resolutions to disestablish the irish church altogether . |
468 | electioneering | 2 | ACTIVITY | moreover , at the time gallomania was published , disraeli was electioneering in high wycombe in the radical interest . |
469 | crown | 2 | PERSON | after peace was restored , and palmerston in early 1858 brought in legislation for direct rule of india by the crown , disraeli opposed it . |
470 | aspects | 2 | INSTANCE | gladstone in 1870 had sponsored an order in council , introducing competitive examination into the civil service , diminishing the political aspects of government hiring . |
471 | month | 2 | PERIOD | within a month of his appointment granby resigned the leadership in the commons and the party functioned without a leader in the commons for the rest of the session . |
472 | followers | 2 | METAL | stanley , in contrast , deprecated his inexperienced followers as a reason for not assuming office : |
473 | towns | 2 | ENTITY | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
474 | drugs act | 2 | ACT | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
475 | correspondence | 2 | SIMILARITY | he carried on a correspondence with victoria , with letters passed through intermediaries . |
476 | lord mayor | 2 | HUMAN ROLE | owing to his infirmities , disraeli was 45 minutes late for the lord mayor 's dinner at the guild hall in november , at which it is customary that the prime minister speaks . |
477 | way | 2 | UNKNOWN | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
478 | statements | 2 | STATEMENT | less reticent were palmerston , gladstone , and russell , whose statements in support of the south contributed to years of hard feelings in the united states . |
479 | september | 2 | PERIOD | the negotiations were complicated by bentinck 's sudden death on 21 september 1848 , but disraeli obtained a loan of £25,000 from bentinck 's brothers lord henry bentinck and lord titchfield . |
480 | lincoln | 2 | PERSON | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
481 | chateaubriand | 2 | PERSON | ill 's judgement that he was ' like all literary men , from chateaubriand to guizot , ignorant of the world'.... |
482 | bosnia | 2 | PLACE | in july 1875 serb populations in bosnia and herzegovina , then provinces of the ottoman empire , revolted against the turks , alleging religious persecution and poor administration . |
483 | return | 2 | STATEMENT | on their return to england he left the solicitors , at the suggestion of maples , with the aim of qualifying as a barrister . |
484 | spain | 2 | PLACE | spain was losing its south american colonies in the face of rebellions . |
485 | king | 2 | PERSON | king 's road , bedford row , bloomsbury , london , the second child and eldest son of isaac d' israeli , a literary critic and historian , and maria ( miriam ) , née basevi . |
486 | falconet | 2 | PERSON | disraeli left an unfinished novel in which the priggish central character , falconet , is unmistakably a caricature of gladstone . |
487 | loyalty | 2 | STATE | in this , he came into disagreement with the queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband albert preferred broad church teachings . |
488 | norms | 2 | STATE | the critic william kuhn suggests that disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . |
489 | conversion | 2 | SPEECH ACT | conversion enabled disraeli to contemplate a career in politics . |
490 | ralph | 2 | PERSON | isaac , maria and sarah disraeli 's siblings were sarah , naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph and james ( " jem " ) . |
491 | appointment | 2 | DECISION | within a month of his appointment granby resigned the leadership in the commons and the party functioned without a leader in the commons for the rest of the session . |
492 | ambition | 2 | EVENT | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
493 | gout | 2 | CONDITION | derby had long had attacks of gout which left him bedbound , unable to deal with politics . |
494 | term main articles | 2 | ARTICLE | first term main articles : |
495 | circles | 2 | UNKNOWN | it sold well , but caused much offence in influential circles when the authorship was discovered . |
496 | colombia | 2 | PLACE | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
497 | campaign | 2 | PERSON | with gladstone conducting a massive speaking campaign , the liberals defeated disraeli 's conservatives at the 1880 general election . |
498 | whig | 2 | LIQUID | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
499 | monarchy | 2 | PLACE | he helped preserve constitutional monarchy by drawing the queen out of mourning into a new symbolic national role and created the climate for what became ' tory democracy ' . |
500 | caricatures | 2 | UNKNOWN | disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character st barbe in endymion is widely seen as a parody of thackeray , who had offended disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in punch as " codlingsby " . |
501 | lifetime | 2 | PERSON | disraeli 's literary and political career interacted over his lifetime and fascinated victorian britain , making him " one of the most eminent figures in victorian public life " , and occasioned a large output of commentary . |
502 | name | 2 | NAME | disraeli 's sister and brothers adopted the new version of the name ; |
503 | establishment | 2 | EVENT | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
504 | garter | 2 | WORD | refer to caption disraeli ( right ) and salisbury as knights of the garter , portrayed by john tenniel in the pas de deux ( from the scène de triomphe in the grand anglo-turkish ballet d'action ) |
505 | rival | 2 | PERSON | disraeli spoke in favour of the measure , arguing that christianity was " completed judaism " , and asking the house of commons " where is your christianity if you do not believe in their judaism ? " russell and disraeli 's future rival gladstone thought this brave ; the speech was badly received by his own party . |
506 | wales | 2 | PLACE | public support for disraeli was shown by cheering at a thanksgiving service in 1872 on the recovery of the prince of wales from illness , while gladstone was met with silence . |
507 | expense | 2 | ACT | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
508 | accusation | 2 | AMOUNT | murray and lockhart , men of great influence in literary circles , believed that disraeli had caricatured them and abused their confidence—an accusation denied by the author but repeated by many of his biographers . |
509 | harvests | 2 | UNKNOWN | he angered farmers by refusing to reinstitute the corn laws in response to poor harvests and cheap imported grain . |
510 | escutcheon | 2 | UNKNOWN | escutcheon |
511 | top | 2 | PERSON | two men and two women friends and allies of disraeli in the 1830s : clockwise from top left — |
512 | reasons | 2 | EVENT | his reasons are unknown , but the biographer bernard glassman surmises that it was to avoid being confused with his father . |
513 | second | 2 | PERSON | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
514 | monarch | 2 | PERSON | in office 20 february 1874 - 21 april 1880 monarch victoria preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
515 | hours | 2 | PERIOD | his speech of three hours was quickly seen as a parliamentary masterpiece . |
516 | sarah disraeli | 2 | PERSON | isaac , maria and sarah disraeli 's siblings were sarah , naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph and james ( " jem " ) . |
517 | emancipation | 2 | ACT | by 1882 , 46,000 jews lived in england , and by 1890 , jewish emancipation was complete . |
518 | passage | 2 | EVENT | disraeli gained wide acclaim and became a hero to his party for the " marvellous parliamentary skill " with which he secured the passage of reform in the commons . |
519 | clockwise | 2 | PERSON | two men and two women friends and allies of disraeli in the 1830s : clockwise from top left — |
520 | resolutions | 2 | EVENT | an initial attempt by disraeli to negotiate with archbishop manning the establishment of a catholic university in dublin foundered in march when gladstone moved resolutions to disestablish the irish church altogether . |
521 | elements | 2 | ELEMENT | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
522 | franchise | 2 | PERMISSION | the tories pursued a reform bill in 1859 , which would have resulted in a modest increase to the franchise . |
523 | hair | 2 | HAIR | a young man of vaguely semitic appearance , with long and curly black hair portrait of benjamin disraeli by francis grant . |
524 | pantheon | 2 | PERSON | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
525 | attacks | 2 | EVENT | derby had long had attacks of gout which left him bedbound , unable to deal with politics . |
526 | responsibility | 2 | RESPONSIBILITY | in late february , with parliament in session and derby absent , he wrote to disraeli asking for confirmation that " you will not shrink from the additional heavy responsibility " . |
527 | lord stanley | 2 | PERSON | an alliance of free-trade conservatives ( the " peelites " ) , radicals , and whigs carried repeal , and the conservative party split : the peelites moved towards the whigs , while a " new " conservative party formed around the protectionists , led by disraeli , bentinck , and lord stanley ( later lord derby ) . |
528 | men clockwise | 2 | PERSON | four men clockwise from top left : |
529 | sale | 2 | RESULT | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
530 | cost | 2 | EVENT | the corn laws imposed a tariff on imported wheat , protecting british farmers from foreign competition , but making the cost of bread artificially high . |
531 | supporter | 2 | PERSON | he was a loyal supporter of the party leader sir robert peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the chartist movement that most tories did not share . |
532 | second anglo afghan war | 2 | EVENT |  |
533 | respect | 2 | EVENT | isaac 's father , benjamin , was a prominent and devout member ; it was probably out of respect for him that isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813 . |
534 | faith | 2 | PERSON | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
535 | italy | 2 | PLACE | the family was mostly from italy , of sephardic jewish mercantile background . |
536 | plevna | 2 | UNKNOWN | congress of berlin main article : congress of berlin the russians pushed through ottoman territory and by december 1877 had captured the strategic bulgarian town of plevna . |
537 | george ward hunt | 2 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by george ward hunt |
538 | denmark | 2 | PLACE | the party truce ended in 1864 , with tories outraged over palmerston 's handling of the territorial dispute between the german confederation and denmark known as the schleswig-holstein question . |
539 | success | 2 | ACT | the war divided the british , but the russian success caused some to forget the atrocities and call for intervention on the turkish side . |
540 | maria | 2 | PLACE | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
541 | hughenden manor | 2 | PERSON | while these intrigues played out , disraeli was working with the bentinck family to secure the necessary financing to purchase hughenden manor , in buckinghamshire . |
542 | derby government | 2 | GOVERNMENT | chancellor of the exchequer first derby government main article : who ? |
543 | uprising | 2 | ACT | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
544 | tools | 2 | TOOL | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
545 | study | 2 | STUDY | according to one study , " better sanitation was enforced throughout scotland . " |
546 | bright | 2 | PERSON | although disraeli forged a personal friendship with john bright , a leading radical , disraeli was unable to persuade bright to sacrifice his distinct position for parliamentary advancement . |
547 | authority | 2 | STATUS | according to aldous , the bill " shattered disraeli 's authority in the house of commons " . |
548 | commoners | 2 | PERSON | at that time , british politics were dominated by the aristocracy , with a few powerful commoners . |
549 | army | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | in advance of the conference , disraeli sent salisbury private word to seek british military occupation of bulgaria and bosnia , and british control of the ottoman army . |
550 | actor | 2 | PERSON | as an actor on the political stage he played many roles : |
551 | enemy | 2 | PERSON | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
552 | themes | 2 | AGREEMENT | in the 1840s disraeli wrote a trilogy of novels with political themes . |
553 | cairns | 2 | PERSON | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
554 | aspect | 2 | INSTANCE | this aspect of his policies has been re-evaluated by historians in the 20th and 21st centuries . |
555 | solicitor | 2 | PERSON | isaac 's friend sharon turner , a solicitor , convinced him that although he could comfortably remain unattached to any formal religion it would be disadvantageous to the children if they did so . |
556 | funds | 2 | QUANTITY | to make his budget revenue-neutral , as funds were needed to provide defences against the french , he doubled the house tax and continued the income tax . |
557 | grain | 2 | QUANTITY | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
558 | chance | 2 | PERSON | " dizzy married me for my money " , his wife said later , " but , if he had the chance again , he would marry me for love . " |
559 | archbishop | 2 | PERSON | an initial attempt by disraeli to negotiate with archbishop manning the establishment of a catholic university in dublin foundered in march when gladstone moved resolutions to disestablish the irish church altogether . |
560 | whig leader | 2 | PERSON | the tories remained split , and the queen sent for lord john russell , the whig leader . |
561 | committee | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | the british military efforts were marked by bungling , and in 1855 a restive parliament considered a resolution to establish a committee on the conduct of the war . |
562 | subsidiarity | 2 | RULE | subsidiarity * |
563 | ministerial gallomania | 2 | UNKNOWN | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
564 | middlesex | 2 | PLACE | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
565 | regard | 2 | EVENT | the critic william kuhn suggests that disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . |
566 | balance | 2 | GARMENT | blake suggested that , on balance , these appointments cost disraeli more votes than they gained him . |
567 | history | 2 | UNIT | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
568 | radicals | 2 | PERSON | a small number of radicals , generally from northern constituencies , were the strongest advocates of continuing reform . |
569 | advice | 2 | DECISION | on gorst 's advice , disraeli gave a speech to a mass meeting in manchester that year . |
570 | wheat | 2 | LIGHT | the corn laws imposed a tariff on imported wheat , protecting british farmers from foreign competition , but making the cost of bread artificially high . |
571 | bubble | 2 | PERIOD | the paper survived only six months , partly because the mining bubble burst in late 1825 , and partly because , according to blake , the paper was " atrociously edited " . |
572 | figures | 2 | FIGURE | disraeli 's literary and political career interacted over his lifetime and fascinated victorian britain , making him " one of the most eminent figures in victorian public life " , and occasioned a large output of commentary . |
573 | bloomsbury | 2 | PLACE | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
574 | period | 2 | PERIOD | his other novel of this period is venetia , a romance based on the characters of shelley and byron , written quickly to raise much-needed money . |
575 | spite | 2 | EVENT | in spite of this , disraeli 's policy favoured constantinople and ottoman territorial integrity . |
576 | account | 2 | COLLECTION | by one account , the british ambassador in berlin , lord odo russell , hoping to spare the delegates disraeli 's very poor french accent , told disraeli that the congress was hoping to hear a speech in english by one of its masters . |
577 | belief | 2 | TRUST | tory democrat : the 1867 reform act it was disraeli 's belief that if given the vote british people would use it instinctively to put their natural and traditional rulers , the gentlemen of the conservative party , into power . |
578 | air | 2 | AIR | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
579 | attitude | 2 | ATTITUDE | they conditioned his attitude toward some of the most important political problems which faced him in his later years— especially the eastern question ; they also coloured many of his novels . " |
580 | commission | 2 | INSTANCE | derby had either to take office or risk damage to his reputation , and he accepted the queen 's commission as prime minister . |
581 | lady londonderry | 2 | PERSON | croker , lyndhurst , henrietta sykes and lady londonderry |
582 | experiences | 2 | EFFECT | despite this tragedy , and the need for treatment for a sexually transmitted disease on his return , disraeli felt enriched by his experiences . |
583 | heroes | 2 | UNKNOWN | disraeli and salisbury returned home to heroes ' receptions . |
584 | vault | 2 | PERSON | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
585 | parents | 2 | PERSON | spouse mary anne evans ​ ​ ( m. 1839 ; died 1872 ) ​ parents * |
586 | customs | 2 | EVENT | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
587 | centre | 2 | UNKNOWN | disraeli wrote the next day , " the terrible disaster has shaken me to the centre " . |
588 | status | 2 | STATUS | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
589 | roles | 2 | ROLE | lothair was " disraeli 's ideological pilgrim 's progress " , it tells a story of political life with particular regard to the roles of the anglican and roman catholic churches . |
590 | poetry | 2 | ABILITY | he brought politics nearer to poetry , or , at all events , to poetical prose , than any english politician since burke . |
591 | representative | 2 | EVENT | the new paper , the representative , promoted the mines and those politicians who supported them , particularly canning . |
592 | companion | 2 | PERSON | disraeli 's biographer , adam kirsch , suggests that disraeli 's obsequious treatment of his queen was part flattery , part belief that this was how a queen should be addressed by a loyal subject , and part awe that a middle-class man of jewish birth should be the companion of a monarch . |
593 | batum | 2 | UNKNOWN | the russians were willing to make changes to the big bulgaria , but were determined to retain their new possessions , bessarabia in europe and batum and kars on the east coast of the black sea . |
594 | grounds | 2 | AMOUNT | reviewers were sharply critical on these grounds of both the author and the book . |
595 | matter | 2 | PERSON | he declined , stating that he regarded the matter as settled . |
596 | warnings | 2 | PERSON | the fall of plevna was a major story for weeks , and disraeli 's warnings that russia was a threat to british interests in the eastern mediterranean were deemed prophetic . |
597 | territory | 2 | PLACE | congress of berlin main article : congress of berlin the russians pushed through ottoman territory and by december 1877 had captured the strategic bulgarian town of plevna . |
598 | sympathy | 2 | EVENT | he was a loyal supporter of the party leader sir robert peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the chartist movement that most tories did not share . |
599 | possession | 2 | STATE | the possession of a country house and incumbency of a county constituency were regarded as essential for a tory with leadership ambitions . |
600 | stage | 2 | STAGE | as an actor on the political stage he played many roles : |
601 | liberalism | 2 | BODY | muscular liberalism * noblesse oblige * paternalism * pragmatism * |
602 | marquess | 2 | PERSON | in office 21 april 1880 - 19 april 1881 monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone preceded by marquess of hartington succeeded by the marquess of salisbury |
603 | russo turkish war | 2 | EVENT |  |
604 | ultimatum | 2 | EVENT | the viceroy of india lord lytton concealed his plans to issue this ultimatum from disraeli , and when the prime minister insisted he take no action , went ahead anyway . |
605 | reputation | 2 | REPUTATION | disraeli made many changes , softening his satire , but the damage to his reputation proved long-lasting . |
606 | writing | 2 | UNKNOWN | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
607 | icon politics | 2 | ACTION | one nation conservatives caucus * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * flag united kingdom portal * v * t * e portrait of benjamin disraeli by john everett millais , 1881 |
608 | advantage | 2 | CONDITION | when disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to richard aldous in his book on the rivalry between disraeli and gladstone , " victoria and disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " |
609 | version | 2 | PERMISSION | disraeli 's sister and brothers adopted the new version of the name ; |
610 | education | 2 | PROCESS | he began there in the autumn term of 1817 ; he later recalled his education : |
611 | lady bradford | 2 | PERSON | disraeli made various statements about his elevation , writing to selina , lady bradford on 8 august 1876 , " i am quite tired of that place " but when asked by a friend how he liked the lords , replied , " i am dead ; dead but in the elysian fields . " |
612 | taunton | 2 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
613 | wyndham lewis | 2 | PERSON | the other was wyndham lewis , who helped finance disraeli 's election campaign , and who died the following year . |
614 | allegiance | 2 | STATE | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
615 | eagle | 2 | PERSON | per saltire gules and argent a castle triple-towered in chief argent two lions rampant in fess sable and an eagle displayed in base or . |
616 | masterpiece | 2 | UNKNOWN | his speech of three hours was quickly seen as a parliamentary masterpiece . |
617 | elite | 2 | PERSON | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
618 | john murray | 2 | PERSON | he had made a tentative start : in may 1824 he submitted a manuscript to his father 's friend , the publisher john murray , but withdrew it before murray could decide whether to publish it . |
619 | world | 2 | PLACE | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
620 | tory democracy | 2 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
621 | films | 2 | EVENT | film historian roy armes has argued that historical films helped maintain the political status quo in britain in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment viewpoint that emphasized the greatness of monarchy , empire , and tradition . |
622 | demands | 2 | EVENT | finding the financial demands of his maidstone seat too much , disraeli secured a tory nomination for shrewsbury , winning one of the constituency 's two seats at the 1841 general election , despite serious opposition , and heavy debts which opponents seized on . |
623 | damage | 2 | EVENT | disraeli made many changes , softening his satire , but the damage to his reputation proved long-lasting . |
624 | suit | 2 | TENDENCY | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
625 | cairo | 2 | PLACE | the tour was cut short suddenly by meredith 's death from smallpox in cairo in july 1831 . |
626 | constantinople conference | 2 | ACT | four men international delegates at the constantinople conference : clockwise from top left , saffet pasha ( turkey ) , general ignatieff ( russia ) , lord salisbury ( britain ) and the comte de chaudordy ( france ) |
627 | threat | 2 | PERSON | with much of the pre-canal trade and communications between britain and india passing through the ottoman empire , britain had done its best to prop up the ottomans against the threat that russia would take constantinople , cutting those communications , and giving russian ships unfettered access to the mediterranean . |
628 | nomination | 2 | DEVICE | finding the financial demands of his maidstone seat too much , disraeli secured a tory nomination for shrewsbury , winning one of the constituency 's two seats at the 1841 general election , despite serious opposition , and heavy debts which opponents seized on . |
629 | betrayal | 2 | ACT | there were tory dissenters , most notably lord cranborne ( as robert cecil was by then known ) who resigned from the government and spoke against the bill , accusing disraeli of " a political betrayal which has no parallel in our parliamentary annals " . |
630 | tradition | 2 | STYLE | blake argued that disraeli 's imperialism " decisively orientated the conservative party for many years to come , and the tradition which he started was probably a bigger electoral asset in winning working-class support during the last quarter of the century than anything else " . |
631 | class collaboration | 2 | PERSON | class collaboration * conservatism * |
632 | film | 2 | ARTWORK | film historian roy armes has argued that historical films helped maintain the political status quo in britain in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment viewpoint that emphasized the greatness of monarchy , empire , and tradition . |
633 | croker | 2 | PERSON | croker , lyndhurst , henrietta sykes and lady londonderry |
634 | deal | 2 | SITUATION | derby had long had attacks of gout which left him bedbound , unable to deal with politics . |
635 | christianity | 2 | PERSON | disraeli spoke in favour of the measure , arguing that christianity was " completed judaism " , and asking the house of commons " where is your christianity if you do not believe in their judaism ? " russell and disraeli 's future rival gladstone thought this brave ; the speech was badly received by his own party . |
636 | federation | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | british policy in south africa was to encourage federation between the british-run cape colony and natal , and the boer republics , the transvaal ( annexed by britain in 1877 ) and the orange free state . |
637 | force | 2 | FORCE | disraeli attacked his opponents individually , and then as a force : |
638 | noblesse oblige | 2 | UNKNOWN | muscular liberalism * noblesse oblige * paternalism * pragmatism * |
639 | late | 2 | PERIOD | the paper survived only six months , partly because the mining bubble burst in late 1825 , and partly because , according to blake , the paper was " atrociously edited " . |
640 | philosophy | 2 | STATE | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
641 | revenge | 2 | FORM | he turned to writing , motivated partly by his desperate need for money , and partly by a wish for revenge on murray and others by whom he felt slighted . |
642 | aberdeen | 2 | PERSON | he was replaced by the peelite earl of aberdeen , with gladstone as his chancellor . |
643 | maynooth grant | 2 | PERSON | however , the best known of these stances were over the maynooth grant in 1845 and the repeal of the corn laws in 1846 . |
644 | tariff | 2 | PERSON | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
645 | feelings | 2 | ACTIVITY | in response , gladstone denied that personal feelings played any role in his decisions then and previously whether to accept office , while acknowledging that there were differences between him and derby " broader than you may have supposed " . |
646 | australia | 1 | PLACE | australia * austria * |
647 | london banker henry oppenheim | 1 | PERSON | on 14 november 1875 , the editor of the pall mall gazette , frederick greenwood , learned from london banker henry oppenheim that the khedive was seeking to sell his shares in the suez canal company to a french firm . |
648 | programme | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 2007 parry wrote , " the tory democrat myth did not survive detailed scrutiny by professional historical writing of the 1960s demonstrated that disraeli had very little interest in a programme of social legislation and was very flexible in handling parliamentary reform in 1867 . " despite this , parry sees disraeli , rather than peel , as the founder of the modern conservative party . |
649 | loans | 1 | AGREEMENT | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
650 | autobiography | 1 | PERSON | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
651 | satisfactory | 1 | PERSON | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
652 | stock exchange | 1 | RESULT | released from the law , disraeli did some work for murray , but turned most of his attention to speculative dealing on the stock exchange . |
653 | april monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone | 1 | PERSON |  |
654 | ultra principles | 1 | PERSON | ultra principles * ancestral worship * |
655 | berlin main article | 1 | ARTICLE | congress of berlin main article : congress of berlin the russians pushed through ottoman territory and by december 1877 had captured the strategic bulgarian town of plevna . |
656 | who | 1 | UNKNOWN | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
657 | east india company | 1 | INSTITUTION | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
658 | thing | 1 | ENTITY | a proud thing for a man 'risen from the people ' to have obtained ! " |
659 | one nation | 1 | PERSON | one nation conservatives caucus * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * flag united kingdom portal * v * t * e portrait of benjamin disraeli by john everett millais , 1881 |
660 | measures | 1 | MEASURE | in the interim , disraeli , as conservative leader in the commons , opposed the government on all major measures . |
661 | memorials disraeli | 1 | PERSON | final months , death , and memorials disraeli refused to cast blame for the defeat , which he understood was likely to be final for him . |
662 | midlothian | 1 | UNKNOWN | in december 1878 , gladstone was offered the liberal nomination for edinburghshire , a constituency popularly known as midlothian . |
663 | westminster abbey | 1 | PERSON | disraeli has a memorial in westminster abbey , erected by the nation on the motion of gladstone in his memorial speech on disraeli in the house of commons . |
664 | streak | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's politics at the time were influenced both by his rebellious streak and his desire to make his mark . |
665 | description bulgaria | 1 | PLACE |  |
666 | summers | 1 | PERSON | four consecutive wet summers through 1879 had led to poor harvests . |
667 | culprits | 1 | PERSON | disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the ottomans since " oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . |
668 | reverse | 1 | PORTION | i have often thought , though i have often regretted the university , that it was much the reverse . |
669 | conviction | 1 | ACT | during his lifetime , disraeli 's opponents , and sometimes even his friends and allies , questioned whether he sincerely held the views he propounded , or whether they were adopted by him as politically essential and lacked conviction . |
670 | combat | 1 | CONDITION | as zulu troops could not marry until they had washed their spears in blood , they were eager for combat . |
671 | ottoman army | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in advance of the conference , disraeli sent salisbury private word to seek british military occupation of bulgaria and bosnia , and british control of the ottoman army . |
672 | wellington | 1 | PLACE | few of the new cabinet had held office before ; when derby tried to inform the duke of wellington of the names of the ministers , the old duke , who was somewhat deaf , inadvertently branded the new government by incredulously repeating " who ? |
673 | eliezer cogan | 1 | PERSON | the school chosen for him was run by eliezer cogan at higham hill in walthamstow . |
674 | smallpox | 1 | PERSON | the tour was cut short suddenly by meredith 's death from smallpox in cairo in july 1831 . |
675 | appearance opponents | 1 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
676 | monarchism | 1 | CONCEPT | monarchism + royalism * moral absolutism * natalism * |
677 | peterson politicians | 1 | PERSON | hoppe * dugin * peterson politicians * |
678 | rulers | 1 | PLACE | tory democrat : the 1867 reform act it was disraeli 's belief that if given the vote british people would use it instinctively to put their natural and traditional rulers , the gentlemen of the conservative party , into power . |
679 | clouds | 1 | SUBSTANCE | only four and a half years had passed and they did not see any clouds on the horizon that might forecast conservative defeat if they waited . |
680 | cut weeks | 1 | PERIOD | the suez canal , opened in 1869 , cut weeks and thousands of miles off the sea journey between britain and india ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships using the canal were british . |
681 | hunt—in | 1 | UNKNOWN | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
682 | access | 1 | OCCURRENCE | with much of the pre-canal trade and communications between britain and india passing through the ottoman empire , britain had done its best to prop up the ottomans against the threat that russia would take constantinople , cutting those communications , and giving russian ships unfettered access to the mediterranean . |
683 | paths | 1 | PLACE | although their paths diverged over the repeal of the corn laws in 1846 and later over fiscal policy more generally , it was not until the later 1860s that their differences over parliamentary reform , irish and church policy assumed great partisan significance . |
684 | schleswig holstein question | 1 | QUESTION |  |
685 | cranborne | 1 | UNKNOWN | there were tory dissenters , most notably lord cranborne ( as robert cecil was by then known ) who resigned from the government and spoke against the bill , accusing disraeli of " a political betrayal which has no parallel in our parliamentary annals " . |
686 | abanazar | 1 | UNKNOWN | suez portrait of disraeli published in 1873 refer to caption new crowns for old depicts disraeli as abanazar from the pantomime aladdin , offering victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . |
687 | head | 1 | HEAD | palmerston was deemed essential to any whig ministry , and he would not join any he did not head . |
688 | austria | 1 | PLACE | australia * austria * |
689 | prussian crown princess victoria | 1 | PERSON | the monarch wrote to her daughter , prussian crown princess victoria , " mr . disraeli is prime minister ! |
690 | das | 1 | UNKNOWN | in berlin , word spread of bismarck 's admiring description of disraeli , " der alte jude , das ist der mann ! |
691 | culture disraeli | 1 | PERSON | popular culture disraeli , the first person caricatured in the london magazine vanity fair , 30 january 1869 . |
692 | strauss | 1 | PERSON | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
693 | propagation | 1 | MONEY | disraeli 's enthusiastic propagation of the british empire has also been seen as appealing to working-class voters . |
694 | hitherto | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli caused an uproar in the congress by making his opening address in english , rather than in french , hitherto accepted as the international language of diplomacy . |
695 | presbyterians | 1 | UNKNOWN | it remained the established church and was funded by direct taxation , which was greatly resented by the catholics and presbyterians . |
696 | lord lyndhurst | 1 | PERSON | in 1834 he was introduced to the former lord chancellor , lord lyndhurst , by henrietta sykes , wife of sir francis sykes . |
697 | lord cranborne | 1 | PERSON | there were tory dissenters , most notably lord cranborne ( as robert cecil was by then known ) who resigned from the government and spoke against the bill , accusing disraeli of " a political betrayal which has no parallel in our parliamentary annals " . |
698 | anniversary | 1 | TIME PERIOD | the anniversary of disraeli 's death was for some years commemorated in the united kingdom as primrose day . |
699 | greece | 1 | PLACE | france * germany * greece * guatemala * |
700 | wreath | 1 | BODY | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
701 | savarkar | 1 | UNKNOWN | ilyin * savarkar * |
702 | side capable | 1 | PLACE | in blake 's words , " found himself almost the only figure on his side capable of putting up the oratorical display essential for a parliamentary leader . " |
703 | ulundi | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli sent general sir garnet wolseley as high commissioner and commander in chief , and cetewayo and the zulus were crushed at the battle of ulundi on 4 july 1879 . |
704 | absent | 1 | UNKNOWN | in late february , with parliament in session and derby absent , he wrote to disraeli asking for confirmation that " you will not shrink from the additional heavy responsibility " . |
705 | german chancellor bismarck | 1 | PERSON | this was unacceptable to the british , who protested , hoping to get the russians to agree to attend an international conference which german chancellor bismarck proposed to hold at berlin . |
706 | office april | 1 | PERIOD |  |
707 | sir george cornewall lewis | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir george cornewall lewis succeeded by william ewart gladstone |
708 | december—it | 1 | UNKNOWN | a middle-aged man in victorian clothes gladstone in the 1850s disraeli delivered the budget on 3 december 1852 , and prepared to wind up the debate for the government on 16 december—it was customary for the chancellor to have the last word . |
709 | advancement | 1 | AMOUNT | although disraeli forged a personal friendship with john bright , a leading radical , disraeli was unable to persuade bright to sacrifice his distinct position for parliamentary advancement . |
710 | caption new crowns | 1 | UNKNOWN | suez portrait of disraeli published in 1873 refer to caption new crowns for old depicts disraeli as abanazar from the pantomime aladdin , offering victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . |
711 | lawyer | 1 | PERSON | " i determined when descending those magical waters that i would not be a lawyer . " |
712 | recipient | 1 | PERSON | one card , signed " a workman " , delighted its recipient : |
713 | torture | 1 | PERSON | disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the ottomans since " oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . |
714 | khomeinism | 1 | CONCEPT | qutbism + khomeinism * reaganism * |
715 | had gladstone | 1 | PERSON | nevertheless , disraeli made fewer peers ( only 22 , including one of victoria 's sons ) than had gladstone ( 37 during his just over five years in office ) . |
716 | use | 1 | USE | i do not use it as a term of reproach ; there are many most respectable jews . |
717 | mannheim | 1 | PLACE | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
718 | writer john gibson lockhart | 1 | PERSON | disraeli impressed murray with his energy and commitment to the project , but he failed in his key task of persuading the eminent writer john gibson lockhart to edit the paper . |
719 | british voters | 1 | PERSON | he made the conservatives the party most identified with the british empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters . |
720 | impressions | 1 | GARMENT | blake regards the tour as one of the formative experiences of disraeli 's career : " he impressions that it made on him were life-lasting . |
721 | instructions | 1 | ACT | salisbury ignored these instructions , which his biographer , andrew roberts deemed " ludicrous " . |
722 | mixing | 1 | ACT | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
723 | sarah | 1 | PERSON | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . |
724 | st mawgan | 1 | PLACE | the disraeli vault also contains the body of sarah brydges willyams , the wife of james brydges willyams of st mawgan . |
725 | dardanelles | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli gained agreement that turkey should retain enough of its european possessions to safeguard the dardanelles . |
726 | laws | 1 | PERSON | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
727 | acceptance | 1 | PURPOSE | the films created " a facsimile world where existing values were invariably validated by events in the film and where all discord could be turned into harmony by an acceptance of the status quo " . |
728 | portuguese | 1 | UNKNOWN | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
729 | southwark | 1 | PLACE | despite this pessimism , conservatives hopes were buoyed in early 1880 with successes in by-elections the liberals had expected to win , concluding with victory in southwark , normally a liberal stronghold . |
730 | norway | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
731 | comment | 1 | EVENT | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
732 | freyre | 1 | PERSON | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
733 | fifty | 1 | PERSON | as a result of these social reforms the liberal-labour mp alexander macdonald told his constituents in 1879 , " the conservative party have done more for the working classes in five years than the liberals have in fifty . " |
734 | men international | 1 | PERSON | four men international delegates at the constantinople conference : clockwise from top left , saffet pasha ( turkey ) , general ignatieff ( russia ) , lord salisbury ( britain ) and the comte de chaudordy ( france ) |
735 | dwellings improvement act | 1 | ACT | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
736 | parliament square | 1 | PLACE | a statue on a podium statue of disraeli in parliament square , london disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the church of st michael and all angels which stands in the grounds of his home , hughenden manor . |
737 | bedbound | 1 | UNKNOWN | derby had long had attacks of gout which left him bedbound , unable to deal with politics . |
738 | turpitude | 1 | QUALITY | but there are , as in every other people , some of the lowest and most disgusting grade of moral turpitude ; and of those i look upon mr . disraeli as the worst . |
739 | outreach | 1 | PERSON | he played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party , defining its policies and its broad outreach . |
740 | faults | 1 | QUANTITY | in spite of these faults . |
741 | press reports | 1 | SYMBOL | daniel o'connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to disraeli as : a reptile ... |
742 | self consciousness | 1 | STATE |  |
743 | tory circles | 1 | PERSON | he began to move in tory circles . |
744 | ejection | 1 | EVENT | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
745 | rivalry | 1 | PERSON | when disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to richard aldous in his book on the rivalry between disraeli and gladstone , " victoria and disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " |
746 | steven fielding | 1 | PERSON | steven fielding has argued that disraeli was an especially popular film hero : " historical dramas favoured disraeli over gladstone and , more substantively , promulgated an essentially deferential view of democratic leadership . " |
747 | bukelism | 1 | CONCEPT | berlusconism * bukelism * cameronism * |
748 | hartlebury | 1 | UNKNOWN | the rise of iskander ( 1833 ) * the infernal marriage ( unfinished ; 1834 ) * a year at hartlebury , or the election - with sarah disraeli ( 1834 ) * henrietta temple ( 1837 ) * venetia ( 1837 ) * lothair ( 1870 ) * endymion ( 1880 ) * |
749 | signing | 1 | EVENT | once the bill was formally enacted , victoria began signing her letters " victoria r & i " ( latin : regina et imperatrix , queen and empress ) . |
750 | carlyle | 1 | PERSON | savigny * carlyle * ranke * newman * |
751 | sampson gideon | 1 | PERSON | there had been members of parliament ( mps ) from jewish families since sampson gideon in 1770 . |
752 | gentlemen i | 1 | PERSON |  |
753 | corruption | 1 | UNKNOWN | his targets included the whigs , collectively and individually , irish nationalists , and political corruption . |
754 | audience | 1 | EVENT | though many commented on how healthy he looked , it took him great effort to appear so , and when he told the audience he expected to speak to the dinner again the following year , attendees chuckled . |
755 | adam kirsch | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's biographer , adam kirsch , suggests that disraeli 's obsequious treatment of his queen was part flattery , part belief that this was how a queen should be addressed by a loyal subject , and part awe that a middle-class man of jewish birth should be the companion of a monarch . |
756 | religious zionism | 1 | CONCEPT | jewish conservatism + religious zionism * |
757 | masse | 1 | UNKNOWN | reassured , he wrote to the queen , resigning and recommending disraeli as " only he could command the cordial support , en masse , of his present colleagues " . |
758 | countrymen | 1 | PERSON | he became , in parry 's words , " aware of values that seemed denied to his insular countrymen . |
759 | zia | 1 | PERSON | suharto * lee * zia * vajpayee * |
760 | office december | 1 | PERIOD |  |
761 | talents | 1 | EVENT | at the start of the next session , affairs were handled by a triumvirate of granby , disraeli , and john charles herries— indicative of the tension between disraeli and the rest of the party , who needed his talents but mistrusted him . |
762 | property act | 1 | ACT | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
763 | solutions | 1 | ACT | presenting jewishness as aristocratic and religious legitimized his claim to understand the perils facing modern england and to offer ' national ' solutions to them . |
764 | seas | 1 | QUANTITY | the public saw the venture as a daring statement of british dominance of the seas . |
765 | lord beaconsfield | 1 | PERSON | in later years , the german chancellor would show visitors to his office three pictures on the wall : " the portrait of my sovereign , there on the right that of my wife , and on the left , there , that of lord beaconsfield " . |
766 | effects | 1 | EFFECT | conservative chances of re-election were damaged by the poor weather , and consequent effects on agriculture . |
767 | argentina | 1 | PLACE | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
768 | benjamin disraeli crest issuant | 1 | PERSON | arms caption : coat of arms of benjamin disraeli crest issuant from a wreath of oak proper a castle triple-towered argent . |
769 | salary | 1 | AMOUNT | disraeli may have been attracted to the office by the £5,000 annual salary , which would help pay his debts . |
770 | pioneer | 1 | UNKNOWN | he began as a pioneer in dress and an aesthete of words ... |
771 | tax | 1 | PLACE | to make his budget revenue-neutral , as funds were needed to provide defences against the french , he doubled the house tax and continued the income tax . |
772 | december prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE |  |
773 | cancer | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | through 1872 the eighty-year-old peeress had stomach cancer . |
774 | concert | 1 | AGREEMENT | he articulated an imperial role for britain that would last into world war ii and brought an intermittently self-isolated britain into the concert of europe . |
775 | synagogue authorities | 1 | STATUS | isaac 's father , benjamin , was a prominent and devout member ; it was probably out of respect for him that isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813 . |
776 | hunt | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by george ward hunt |
777 | contract | 1 | PERSON | the contract for purchase was signed at cairo on 25 november and the shares deposited at the british consulate the following day . |
778 | speed | 1 | STATE | before they could arrive , on 22 january , a zulu impi ( army ) , moving with great speed and endurance , destroyed a british encampment in south africa in the battle of isandlwana . |
779 | john gielgud | 1 | PERSON | john gielgud portrayed disraeli in 1941 , in thorold dickinson 's morale-boosting film the prime minister , which followed the politician from the age of 30 to that of 70 . |
780 | horizon | 1 | PLACE | only four and a half years had passed and they did not see any clouds on the horizon that might forecast conservative defeat if they waited . |
781 | range | 1 | PARTICLE | to roaring approval , he compared the liberal front bench to " a range of exhausted volcanoes... |
782 | primroses | 1 | PLANT | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
783 | tory parliamentary candidate | 1 | PERSON | on the recommendation of the carlton club , disraeli was adopted as a tory parliamentary candidate at the ensuing general election . |
784 | erdoğanism | 1 | CONCEPT | chiangism * erdoğanism * francoism * |
785 | candidate | 1 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
786 | arms caption | 1 | CONDITION | arms caption : coat of arms of benjamin disraeli crest issuant from a wreath of oak proper a castle triple-towered argent . |
787 | sir bartle | 1 | PERSON | the governor of cape colony , sir bartle frere , believing that the federation could not be accomplished until the native tribes acknowledged british rule , made demands on the zulu and their king , cetewayo , which they were certain to reject . |
788 | capacity | 1 | STATUS | disraeli 's courage , quickness of wit , capacity for affection , and freedom from sordid motives earned him his position . |
789 | consumption | 1 | CONDITION | despite the gravity of disraeli 's condition , the doctors concocted optimistic bulletins for public consumption . |
790 | general ignatieff | 1 | PERSON | four men international delegates at the constantinople conference : clockwise from top left , saffet pasha ( turkey ) , general ignatieff ( russia ) , lord salisbury ( britain ) and the comte de chaudordy ( france ) |
791 | democrat myth | 1 | COLLECTION | in 2007 parry wrote , " the tory democrat myth did not survive detailed scrutiny by professional historical writing of the 1960s demonstrated that disraeli had very little interest in a programme of social legislation and was very flexible in handling parliamentary reform in 1867 . " despite this , parry sees disraeli , rather than peel , as the founder of the modern conservative party . |
792 | punch | 1 | PERSON | disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character st barbe in endymion is widely seen as a parody of thackeray , who had offended disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in punch as " codlingsby " . |
793 | stronghold | 1 | PLACE | despite this pessimism , conservatives hopes were buoyed in early 1880 with successes in by-elections the liberals had expected to win , concluding with victory in southwark , normally a liberal stronghold . |
794 | codlingsby | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character st barbe in endymion is widely seen as a parody of thackeray , who had offended disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in punch as " codlingsby " . |
795 | hoppe | 1 | PERSON | hoppe * dugin * peterson politicians * |
796 | iorga | 1 | PERSON | nordau * belloc * iorga * chesterton * |
797 | priorities | 1 | PERSON | one of russell 's early priorities was a reform bill , but the proposed legislation that gladstone announced on 12 march 1866 divided his party . |
798 | mines | 1 | FORCE | the new paper , the representative , promoted the mines and those politicians who supported them , particularly canning . |
799 | loan | 1 | PERSON | the negotiations were complicated by bentinck 's sudden death on 21 september 1848 , but disraeli obtained a loan of £25,000 from bentinck 's brothers lord henry bentinck and lord titchfield . |
800 | miriam | 1 | PERSON | king 's road , bedford row , bloomsbury , london , the second child and eldest son of isaac d' israeli , a literary critic and historian , and maria ( miriam ) , née basevi . |
801 | theravada buddhism | 1 | PERSON | theravada buddhism * traditionalist catholicism + integralism + ultramontanism * traditionalist school personal variants * |
802 | concept | 1 | CONCEPT | he rejected the concept in its entirety . " |
803 | intervention | 1 | ACTION | the war divided the british , but the russian success caused some to forget the atrocities and call for intervention on the turkish side . |
804 | miles | 1 | COLLECTION | the suez canal , opened in 1869 , cut weeks and thousands of miles off the sea journey between britain and india ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships using the canal were british . |
805 | black sea | 1 | PLACE | the russians were willing to make changes to the big bulgaria , but were determined to retain their new possessions , bessarabia in europe and batum and kars on the east coast of the black sea . |
806 | catholic | 1 | PERSON | although ireland was largely roman catholic , the church of england represented most landowners . |
807 | climate | 1 | STUDY | he helped preserve constitutional monarchy by drawing the queen out of mourning into a new symbolic national role and created the climate for what became ' tory democracy ' . |
808 | chesterton | 1 | PERSON | nordau * belloc * iorga * chesterton * |
809 | peace treaty | 1 | ARTIFACT | the prime minister wanted a deal with the ottomans whereby britain would temporarily occupy strategic areas to deter the russians from war , to be returned on the signing of a peace treaty , but found little support in his cabinet , which favoured partition of the ottoman empire . |
810 | impact | 1 | ACTION | of the other novels of the early 1830s , alroy is described by blake as " profitable but unreadable " , and the rise of iskander ( 1833 ) and the infernal marriage and ixion in heaven ( 1834 ) made little impact . |
811 | december general election | 1 | POWER | disraeli 's government survived until the december general election , at which the liberals were returned to power with a majority . |
812 | visits | 1 | EVENT | he had rarely travelled abroad ; since his youthful tour of the middle east in 1830-1831 , he had left britain only for his honeymoon and three visits to paris , the last of which was in 1856 . |
813 | london magazine vanity fair | 1 | PERSON | popular culture disraeli , the first person caricatured in the london magazine vanity fair , 30 january 1869 . |
814 | meredith | 1 | PERSON | 1830-1837 together with his sister 's fiancé , william meredith , disraeli travelled widely in southern europe and beyond in 1830-31 . |
815 | centuries | 1 | PERIOD | this aspect of his policies has been re-evaluated by historians in the 20th and 21st centuries . |
816 | intellectuals | 1 | PERSON | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
817 | authoritarianism | 1 | PERSON | right-wing politics + alt + authoritarianism + centre + dictatorship + far + new * small-c conservative * toryism * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * v * t * e novels * vivian grey ( 1826 , revised 1853 ) * |
818 | losing | 1 | PROCESS | upon derby 's retirement in 1868 , disraeli became prime minister briefly before losing that year 's general election . |
819 | stevens | 1 | PERSON | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
820 | whigs bawl | 1 | INSTANCE | in the mean time , the whigs bawl that there is a " collision ! " |
821 | persecution | 1 | ACT | in july 1875 serb populations in bosnia and herzegovina , then provinces of the ottoman empire , revolted against the turks , alleging religious persecution and poor administration . |
822 | duel | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
823 | francs | 1 | ARTIFACT | on 23 november , the khedive offered to sell the shares for 100,000,000 francs . |
824 | cinema audience | 1 | EVENT | fielding says arliss " personified the kind of paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship that appealed to a significant proportion of the cinema audience ... |
825 | todd endelman | 1 | PERSON | todd endelman points out that " the link between jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that victorian political cartoonists regularly drew benjamin disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his jewishness . " |
826 | survival | 1 | FORM | as in 1852 , derby led a minority government , dependent on the division of its opponents for survival . |
827 | easter monday | 1 | PERIOD | on the morning of the following day , easter monday , he became incoherent , then comatose . |
828 | anti immigration | 1 | PERSON |  |
829 | janismo | 1 | UNKNOWN | fujimorism * gaullism * janismo * kaczyzm * |
830 | life childhood disraeli | 1 | PERSON | early life childhood disraeli was born on 21 december 1804 at 6 |
831 | fashion | 1 | TENDENCY | disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the ottomans since " oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . |
832 | state funeral | 1 | PLACE | despite having been offered a state funeral by queen victoria , disraeli 's executors decided against a public procession and funeral , fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour . |
833 | private | 1 | PERSON | after this i was with a private tutor for two years in my own county , & my education was severely classical . |
834 | merchants | 1 | PERSON | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
835 | bulgaria cavalry | 1 | PLACE | balkans and bulgaria cavalry wielding sabres fight men with guns on foot fight in |
836 | wit | 1 | PLACE | disraeli 's courage , quickness of wit , capacity for affection , and freedom from sordid motives earned him his position . |
837 | high commissioner | 1 | PERSON | disraeli sent general sir garnet wolseley as high commissioner and commander in chief , and cetewayo and the zulus were crushed at the battle of ulundi on 4 july 1879 . |
838 | journal article | 1 | ARTICLE | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
839 | anglo zulu war | 1 | EVENT |  |
840 | project | 1 | ACTION | disraeli impressed murray with his energy and commitment to the project , but he failed in his key task of persuading the eminent writer john gibson lockhart to edit the paper . |
841 | aim | 1 | PERSON | on their return to england he left the solicitors , at the suggestion of maples , with the aim of qualifying as a barrister . |
842 | transit | 1 | DOCUMENT | the cabinet discussed disraeli 's proposal to position indian troops at malta for possible transit to the balkans and call out reserves . |
843 | taiwan | 1 | PLACE | south korea * taiwan * turkey * ukraine * united kingdom * united states related ideologies * agrarianism * |
844 | honeymoon | 1 | ACT | he had rarely travelled abroad ; since his youthful tour of the middle east in 1830-1831 , he had left britain only for his honeymoon and three visits to paris , the last of which was in 1856 . |
845 | manners | 1 | PERSON | russell , rothschild , manners and granby |
846 | good | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli kept labouchere 's majority down to 170 , a good showing that put him in line for a winnable seat in the near future . |
847 | fire | 1 | FIRE | he reprimanded frere , but left him in charge , attracting fire from all sides . |
848 | business partners | 1 | GROUP | by june 1825 he and his business partners had lost £7,000 . |
849 | couple | 1 | GROUP | his motives were generally assumed to be mercenary , but the couple came to cherish one another , remaining close until she died more than three decades later . |
850 | delicate health | 1 | PROPERTY | bradford speculates that " benjamin 's delicate health and his obviously jewish appearance may have had something to do with it . " |
851 | field | 1 | BALL | disraeli , his closest ally , was his second choice and accepted , though disclaiming any great knowledge in the financial field . |
852 | state model | 1 | PLACE | family as a state model * |
853 | contracts | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
854 | sea | 1 | PLACE | there are occasional earthquakes and ever and again the dark rumbling of the sea . " |
855 | writers | 1 | PERSON | historical writers have often played disraeli and gladstone against each other as great rivals . |
856 | traditionalist school personal variants | 1 | ABILITY | theravada buddhism * traditionalist catholicism + integralism + ultramontanism * traditionalist school personal variants * |
857 | nathan mayer rothschild | 1 | PERSON | in 1884 nathan mayer rothschild , 1st baron rothschild , became the first jewish member of the british house of lords ; |
858 | jünger | 1 | PERSON | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
859 | source | 1 | RANK | disraeli kept himself informed on foreign affairs , and on what was going on in cabinet , thanks to a source within it . |
860 | privy councillor | 1 | EVENT | almost blind , when he received the last letter from victoria of which he was aware on 5 april , he held it momentarily , then had it read to him by lord barrington , a privy councillor . |
861 | quarrel | 1 | DISPUTE | following a quarrel in 1813 with the bevis marks synagogue , his father renounced judaism and had the four children baptised into the church of england in july and august 1817 . |
862 | irish mp daniel o'connell | 1 | PERSON |  |
863 | east | 1 | PLACE | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
864 | analysts | 1 | PERSON | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
865 | rivals | 1 | GROUP | historical writers have often played disraeli and gladstone against each other as great rivals . |
866 | intellect | 1 | FORM | disraeli liked to think of himself in terms of pure intellect , but his politics were more personal than intellectual in character . |
867 | ground | 1 | AMOUNT | queen victoria was prostrated with grief , and considered ennobling ralph or coningsby as a memorial to disraeli ( without children , his titles became extinct with his death ) , but decided against it on the ground that their means were too small for a peerage . |
868 | academy award | 1 | ACT | stage and screen actor george arliss was known for his portrayals of disraeli , winning the academy award for best actor for 1929 's disraeli . |
869 | winston | 1 | PERSON | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
870 | relativism | 1 | RULE | the journey encouraged his self-consciousness , his moral relativism , and his interest in eastern racial and religious attitudes . " |
871 | first disraeli ministry derby | 1 | PERSON |  |
872 | mary lewis | 1 | PERSON | twelve years disraeli 's senior , mary lewis had a substantial income of £5,000 a year . |
873 | isaac d'israeli | 1 | PERSON | isaac d'israeli had never taken religion very seriously but had remained a conforming member of the synagogue . |
874 | prominence | 1 | DISTANCE | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
875 | viscounty | 1 | UNKNOWN | in addition to the viscounty bestowed on mary anne disraeli , the earldom of beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on edmund burke in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . |
876 | victorian politics | 1 | PERSON | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
877 | wilberforce | 1 | PERSON | civil service disraeli 's failure to appoint samuel wilberforce as bishop of london may have cost him votes in the 1868 election . |
878 | nathaniel basevy | 1 | PERSON | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
879 | september sir louis cavagnari | 1 | PERSON |  |
880 | malt | 1 | BEVERAGE | his proposed budget , which he presented to the commons on 3 december , lowered the taxes on malt and tea , provisions designed to appeal to the working class . |
881 | effort | 1 | ACTION | though many commented on how healthy he looked , it took him great effort to appear so , and when he told the audience he expected to speak to the dinner again the following year , attendees chuckled . |
882 | procure | 1 | UNKNOWN | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
883 | primrose day | 1 | PERIOD | the anniversary of disraeli 's death was for some years commemorated in the united kingdom as primrose day . |
884 | thatcher | 1 | PERSON | thatcher * kohl * fujimori * bush * trump * |
885 | four part atv miniseries disraeli | 1 | PERSON |  |
886 | biographer philip magnus | 1 | PERSON | gladstone 's biographer philip magnus contrasted disraeli 's grasp of foreign affairs with that of gladstone , who " never understood that high moral principles , in their application to foreign policy , are more often destructive of political stability than motives of national self-interest . " |
887 | whig members | 1 | PERSON | the new house of commons had more conservative than whig members , but the depth of the tory schism enabled russell to continue to govern . |
888 | ​ parents | 1 | PERSON | spouse mary anne evans ​ ​ ( m. 1839 ; died 1872 ) ​ parents * |
889 | opening | 1 | EVENT | disraeli caused an uproar in the congress by making his opening address in english , rather than in french , hitherto accepted as the international language of diplomacy . |
890 | commons—seeing | 1 | UNKNOWN | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
891 | hand | 1 | PERSON | disraeli , on the other hand , was anxious to return to office . |
892 | stanley weintraub | 1 | PERSON | external videos video icon booknotes interview with stanley weintraub on disraeli : a biography , february 6 , 1994 , c-span stanley weintraub , in his biography of disraeli , points out that his subject did much to advance britain towards the 20th century , carrying one of the two great reform acts of the 19th despite the opposition of his liberal rival , gladstone . |
893 | combination | 1 | ACT | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
894 | writer douglas hurd | 1 | PERSON | the conservative politician and writer douglas hurd wrote in 2013 , " was not a one-nation conservative— and this was not simply because he never used the phrase . |
895 | virtuoso | 1 | PERSON | byronic hero , man of letters , social critic , parliamentary virtuoso , squire of hughenden , royal companion , european statesman . |
896 | primacy | 1 | COLLECTION | disraeli made the conservatives the party that most loudly supported both the empire and military action to assert its primacy . |
897 | fork | 1 | HORSE | there was a vogue for what was called " silver fork fiction " — novels depicting aristocratic life , usually by anonymous authors , read by the aspirational middle classes . |
898 | ill | 1 | PERSON | disraeli had little help from derby , who was ill , but he united the party enough on a no-confidence vote to limit the government to a majority of 18— tory defections and absentees kept palmerston in office . |
899 | carteret webb | 1 | PERSON | my father 's refrain always was ' philip carteret webb ' , who was the most eminent solicitor of his boyhood and who was an mp . |
900 | copy | 1 | STYLE | he sent a copy to disraeli , who called it " vindictive and ill-written ... of all the bulgarian horrors perhaps the greatest " . |
901 | mishima | 1 | PERSON | kirk * solzhenitsyn * koselleck * mishima * |
902 | connections | 1 | SET | disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the ottomans since " oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . |
903 | röpke | 1 | UNKNOWN | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
904 | blackheath | 1 | UNKNOWN | two years later or so— the exact date has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder to rev john potticary 's school at blackheath . |
905 | british control | 1 | GROUP | in advance of the conference , disraeli sent salisbury private word to seek british military occupation of bulgaria and bosnia , and british control of the ottoman army . |
906 | baron rowton | 1 | PERSON | among the honours he arranged before resigning as prime minister on 21 april 1880 was one for his private secretary , montagu corry , who became baron rowton . |
907 | crowd | 1 | GROUP | there , he told the gathered crowd , " lord salisbury and i have brought you back peace— but a peace i hope with honour . " |
908 | dmowski | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli * bismarck * salisbury * dmowski * |
909 | brazil | 1 | PLACE | belgium * belize * brazil * |
910 | coat | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | arms caption : coat of arms of benjamin disraeli crest issuant from a wreath of oak proper a castle triple-towered argent . |
911 | sides | 1 | ENTITY | he reprimanded frere , but left him in charge , attracting fire from all sides . |
912 | closeness | 1 | PLACE | when disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to richard aldous in his book on the rivalry between disraeli and gladstone , " victoria and disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " |
913 | ignorance | 1 | CONDITION | disraeli 's early " silver fork " novels vivian grey ( 1826 ) and the young duke ( 1831 ) featured romanticised depictions of aristocratic life ( despite his ignorance of it ) with character sketches of well-known public figures lightly disguised . |
914 | cyprus | 1 | PLACE | to counterbalance this , britain required a possession in the eastern mediterranean where it might base ships and troops and negotiated with the ottomans for the cession of cyprus . |
915 | dissident liberals | 1 | PERSON | the conservatives and the dissident liberals repeatedly attacked gladstone 's bill , and in june finally defeated the government ; |
916 | boyhood | 1 | STATE | my father 's refrain always was ' philip carteret webb ' , who was the most eminent solicitor of his boyhood and who was an mp . |
917 | buckinghamshire | 1 | PLACE | in the 1847 general election , disraeli stood , successfully , for the buckinghamshire constituency . |
918 | uproar | 1 | SOUND | disraeli caused an uproar in the congress by making his opening address in english , rather than in french , hitherto accepted as the international language of diplomacy . |
919 | aberdeen government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | the aberdeen government made this a motion of confidence ; |
920 | memorial speech | 1 | SPEECH | disraeli has a memorial in westminster abbey , erected by the nation on the motion of gladstone in his memorial speech on disraeli in the house of commons . |
921 | booknotes interview | 1 | PERSON | external videos video icon booknotes interview with stanley weintraub on disraeli : a biography , february 6 , 1994 , c-span stanley weintraub , in his biography of disraeli , points out that his subject did much to advance britain towards the 20th century , carrying one of the two great reform acts of the 19th despite the opposition of his liberal rival , gladstone . |
922 | word spread | 1 | FOOD | in berlin , word spread of bismarck 's admiring description of disraeli , " der alte jude , das ist der mann ! |
923 | parliamentary sense and | 1 | PLACE |  |
924 | dependent | 1 | RESULT | as in 1852 , derby led a minority government , dependent on the division of its opponents for survival . |
925 | cautions | 1 | ELEMENT | roland quinault , however , cautions not to exaggerate the confrontation : they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers . |
926 | flattery | 1 | ACT | he told matthew arnold , " everybody likes flattery ; and , when you come to royalty , you should lay it on with a trowel " . |
927 | salazar | 1 | PLACE | de gasperi * chiang * salazar * |
928 | pen name | 1 | NAME |  |
929 | time gallomania | 1 | UNKNOWN | moreover , at the time gallomania was published , disraeli was electioneering in high wycombe in the radical interest . |
930 | hostess | 1 | PERSON | disraeli was elected to the exclusively tory carlton club in 1836 , and was also taken up by the party 's leading hostess , lady londonderry . |
931 | see | 1 | PERSON | for other uses , see disraeli ( disambiguation ) . |
932 | tory leader | 1 | PERSON | because of disraeli 's unpopularity among the peelites , no party reconciliation was possible while he remained tory leader in the commons . |
933 | great famine | 1 | DEFICIENCY | peel hoped that the repeal of the corn laws and the resultant influx of cheaper wheat into britain would relieve the condition of the poor , and in particular the great famine caused by successive failure of potato crops in ireland . |
934 | robert blake | 1 | PERSON | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
935 | future | 1 | VALUE | disraeli kept labouchere 's majority down to 170 , a good showing that put him in line for a winnable seat in the near future . |
936 | workmen | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
937 | oration | 1 | NUMBER | according to blake , disraeli " in a brilliant oration of withering invective proceeded to destroy lowe " , who apologised and never held office again . |
938 | titles | 1 | ACTION | royal titles act main article : royal titles |
939 | protest | 1 | GROUP | disraeli circa 1870 given gladstone 's majority in the commons , disraeli could do little but protest as the government advanced legislation ; he chose to await liberal mistakes . |
940 | der | 1 | PERSON | in berlin , word spread of bismarck 's admiring description of disraeli , " der alte jude , das ist der mann ! |
941 | fiction disraeli | 1 | PERSON | in some of his early fiction disraeli also portrayed himself and what he felt to be his byronic dual nature : the poet and the man of action . |
942 | cameron | 1 | PERSON | cameron * may * osborne * johnson * |
943 | familialism | 1 | CONCEPT | familialism * |
944 | earthquakes | 1 | OCCURRENCE | there are occasional earthquakes and ever and again the dark rumbling of the sea . " |
945 | tory candidate | 1 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
946 | navy | 1 | PERSON | amid war fever in britain , the government asked parliament to vote £6,000,000 to prepare the army and navy for war . |
947 | catholics | 1 | UNKNOWN | it remained the established church and was funded by direct taxation , which was greatly resented by the catholics and presbyterians . |
948 | essay | 1 | PERSON | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
949 | comedy | 1 | UNKNOWN | in the same year disraeli published a novel , henrietta temple , which was a love story and social comedy , drawing on his affair with henrietta sykes . |
950 | sinecure | 1 | POSITION | derby had intended to replace chelmsford once a vacancy in a suitable sinecure developed . |
951 | knights | 1 | PERSON | refer to caption disraeli ( right ) and salisbury as knights of the garter , portrayed by john tenniel in the pas de deux ( from the scène de triomphe in the grand anglo-turkish ballet d'action ) |
952 | boost | 1 | PERSON | britain 's victory in the second anglo-afghan war proved a boost to disraeli 's government . |
953 | liberal mp nathan rothschild | 1 | PERSON | disraeli sent the liberal mp nathan rothschild to paris to enquire about buying de lesseps 's shares . |
954 | boer republics | 1 | PERSON | british policy in south africa was to encourage federation between the british-run cape colony and natal , and the boer republics , the transvaal ( annexed by britain in 1877 ) and the orange free state . |
955 | exclusively tory carlton club | 1 | INSTITUTION | disraeli was elected to the exclusively tory carlton club in 1836 , and was also taken up by the party 's leading hostess , lady londonderry . |
956 | ones | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli 's political views embraced certain radical policies , particularly electoral reform , and also some tory ones , including protectionism . |
957 | disambiguation | 1 | ACT | for other uses , see disraeli ( disambiguation ) . |
958 | vajpayee | 1 | UNKNOWN | suharto * lee * zia * vajpayee * |
959 | zulu | 1 | UNKNOWN | afghanistan to zululand main articles : second anglo-afghan war and anglo zulu war |
960 | san stefano | 1 | PLACE | bulgaria as constituted under the san stefano treaty and as divided at berlin with the russians close to constantinople , the turks yielded and in march 1878 , signed the treaty of san stefano , conceding a bulgarian state covering a large part of the balkans . |
961 | bright blue | 1 | PERSON | bright blue * |
962 | menace | 1 | PERSON | gladstone , disraeli stated , dominated the scene and " alternated between a menace and a sigh " . |
963 | modi | 1 | PERSON | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
964 | constitution | 1 | PERSON | his vindication of the english constitution , was published in december 1835 . |
965 | ranke | 1 | PERSON | savigny * carlyle * ranke * newman * |
966 | pen | 1 | PLACE | indeed , he had objected to murray about croker 's inserting " high tory " sentiment : disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of reform can issue from my pen . " |
967 | aims | 1 | PERSON | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
968 | race | 1 | RACE | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
969 | edmund burke | 1 | PERSON | in addition to the viscounty bestowed on mary anne disraeli , the earldom of beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on edmund burke in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . |
970 | bank | 1 | PLACE | rather than seek the aid of the bank of england , disraeli borrowed funds from lionel de rothschild , who took a commission on the deal . |
971 | house disraeli | 1 | PERSON | russell became prime minister again , with gladstone clearly the liberal party 's leader-in-waiting , and as leader of the house disraeli 's direct opponent . |
972 | founder | 1 | PERSON | in 2007 parry wrote , " the tory democrat myth did not survive detailed scrutiny by professional historical writing of the 1960s demonstrated that disraeli had very little interest in a programme of social legislation and was very flexible in handling parliamentary reform in 1867 . " despite this , parry sees disraeli , rather than peel , as the founder of the modern conservative party . |
973 | theocritus | 1 | PERSON | too much so ; in the pride of boyish erudition , i edited the idonisian eclogue of theocritus , wh . was privately printed . |
974 | test | 1 | EFFECT | disraeli 's political ideas have not stood the test of time. |
975 | meritocracy | 1 | GROUP | duty * elitism + aristocracy + meritocracy + noblesse oblige * |
976 | willyams | 1 | UNKNOWN | the disraeli vault also contains the body of sarah brydges willyams , the wife of james brydges willyams of st mawgan . |
977 | attendees | 1 | PERSON | though many commented on how healthy he looked , it took him great effort to appear so , and when he told the audience he expected to speak to the dinner again the following year , attendees chuckled . |
978 | eastern | 1 | PLACE | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
979 | character st barbe | 1 | PERSON | disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character st barbe in endymion is widely seen as a parody of thackeray , who had offended disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in punch as " codlingsby " . |
980 | voice | 1 | DECISION | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
981 | post | 1 | SEQUENCE | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
982 | outset | 1 | EVENT | they have from the outset divided critical opinion . |
983 | amendments | 1 | EVENT | even as disraeli accepted liberal amendments ( although pointedly refusing those moved by gladstone ) that further lowered the property qualification , cranborne was unable to lead an effective rebellion . |
984 | clothes | 1 | EVENT | a middle-aged man in victorian clothes gladstone in the 1850s disraeli delivered the budget on 3 december 1852 , and prepared to wind up the debate for the government on 16 december—it was customary for the chancellor to have the last word . |
985 | rights | 1 | UNKNOWN | the whigs derived from the coalition of lords who had forced through the bill of rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . |
986 | builder | 1 | ARTIFACT | the canal was losing money , and an attempt by ferdinand de lesseps , builder of the canal , to raise the tolls had fallen through when the khedive had threatened military force to prevent it , and had also attracted disraeli 's attention . |
987 | bread | 1 | PERSON | the corn laws imposed a tariff on imported wheat , protecting british farmers from foreign competition , but making the cost of bread artificially high . |
988 | william meredith | 1 | PERSON | 1830-1837 together with his sister 's fiancé , william meredith , disraeli travelled widely in southern europe and beyond in 1830-31 . |
989 | attachment | 1 | STATE | disraeli was thus able to square his jewishness with his equally deep attachment to england and her history . |
990 | areas | 1 | PLACE | the prime minister wanted a deal with the ottomans whereby britain would temporarily occupy strategic areas to deter the russians from war , to be returned on the signing of a peace treaty , but found little support in his cabinet , which favoured partition of the ottoman empire . |
991 | commons elections | 1 | POWER | disraeli took no public part in the electioneering , it being deemed improper for peers to make speeches to influence commons elections . |
992 | isandlwana | 1 | UNKNOWN | before they could arrive , on 22 january , a zulu impi ( army ) , moving with great speed and endurance , destroyed a british encampment in south africa in the battle of isandlwana . |
993 | relatives | 1 | PERSON | the choice of a tory publication was regarded as strange by disraeli 's friends and relatives , who thought him more of a radical . |
994 | small c | 1 | PERSON |  |
995 | far | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli was unwilling to wait , and cairns , in his view , was a far stronger minister . |
996 | anti catholicism | 1 | PERSON |  |
997 | zulus | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli sent general sir garnet wolseley as high commissioner and commander in chief , and cetewayo and the zulus were crushed at the battle of ulundi on 4 july 1879 . |
998 | governor | 1 | PERSON | the governor of cape colony , sir bartle frere , believing that the federation could not be accomplished until the native tribes acknowledged british rule , made demands on the zulu and their king , cetewayo , which they were certain to reject . |
999 | fondness | 1 | QUALITY | lyndhurst was an indiscreet gossip with a fondness for intrigue ; this appealed greatly to disraeli , who became his secretary and go-between . |
1000 | murray entitled england | 1 | PERSON | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
1001 | showing | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli kept labouchere 's majority down to 170 , a good showing that put him in line for a winnable seat in the near future . |
1002 | fujimorism | 1 | CONCEPT | fujimorism * gaullism * janismo * kaczyzm * |
1003 | expert | 1 | PERSON | though disappointed at being left on the back benches , he continued his support for peel in 1842 and 1843 , seeking to establish himself as an expert on foreign affairs and international trade . |
1004 | grand anglo turkish ballet d'action | 1 | PERSON |  |
1005 | situation | 1 | SITUATION | but the situation is still dangerous . |
1006 | oakeshott | 1 | PERSON | voegelin * oakeshott * |
1007 | commentary | 1 | SPEECH ACT | disraeli 's literary and political career interacted over his lifetime and fascinated victorian britain , making him " one of the most eminent figures in victorian public life " , and occasioned a large output of commentary . |
1008 | scruton | 1 | PERSON | sowell * mansfield * scruton * |
1009 | cuba | 1 | PLACE | colombia * cuba * denmark * finland * |
1010 | value | 1 | VALUE | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
1011 | dissidents | 1 | PERSON | the dissidents were unwilling to serve under disraeli in the house of commons , and derby formed a third conservative minority government , with disraeli again as chancellor . |
1012 | guild hall | 1 | PLACE | owing to his infirmities , disraeli was 45 minutes late for the lord mayor 's dinner at the guild hall in november , at which it is customary that the prime minister speaks . |
1013 | edinburghshire | 1 | PLACE | in december 1878 , gladstone was offered the liberal nomination for edinburghshire , a constituency popularly known as midlothian . |
1014 | desire | 1 | EVENT | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
1015 | pictures | 1 | PICTURE | in later years , the german chancellor would show visitors to his office three pictures on the wall : " the portrait of my sovereign , there on the right that of my wife , and on the left , there , that of lord beaconsfield " . |
1016 | point | 1 | PLACE | now we are obliged to work from a new point of departure , and dictate to turkey , who has forfeited all sympathy . " |
1017 | gap | 1 | PLACE | with coningsby ; or , the new generation ( 1844 ) , disraeli , in blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that england 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " sybil ; or , the two nations was less idealistic than coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . |
1018 | french emperor napoleon iii | 1 | PERSON | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
1019 | anglican establishment | 1 | EVENT | the tories and the anglican establishment were hostile to the bill . |
1020 | ethiopia | 1 | PLACE | ii of ethiopia under sir robert napier . |
1021 | solzhenitsyn | 1 | PERSON | kirk * solzhenitsyn * koselleck * mishima * |
1022 | uses | 1 | USE | for other uses , see disraeli ( disambiguation ) . |
1023 | soundings | 1 | ACTION | disraeli was cautious in response , as careful soundings of mps brought a negative reaction , and he declined to place such a proposal in the queen 's speech . |
1024 | lord robert cecil | 1 | PERSON | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
1025 | hindutva | 1 | UNKNOWN | hindutva * islamism * |
1026 | husband albert | 1 | PERSON | in this , he came into disagreement with the queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband albert preferred broad church teachings . |
1027 | custom | 1 | QUANTITY | parliaments were then for a seven-year term , and it was the custom not to go to the country until the sixth year unless forced to by events . |
1028 | mrs | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli carried on a long correspondence with mrs . |
1029 | gestures | 1 | ACTION | disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on queen victoria the title " empress of india " . |
1030 | prussian count otto von bismarck | 1 | PERSON | in 1862 , disraeli met prussian count otto von bismarck and said of him , " be careful about that man , he means what he says " . |
1031 | purely | 1 | UNKNOWN | second derby government main article : second derby-disraeli ministry derby took office at the head of a purely " conservative " administration , not in coalition . |
1032 | xenophobia | 1 | EVENT | historian michael diamond asserts that for british music hall patrons in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia and pride in empire " were reflected in the halls ' most popular political heroes : all were conservatives and disraeli stood out above all , even decades after his death , while gladstone was used as a villain . |
1033 | election main article | 1 | ARTICLE |  |
1034 | july serb populations | 1 | PERSON |  |
1035 | inhabitants | 1 | PLACE | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
1036 | disposes | 1 | PERSON | disraeli wrote a personal letter to gladstone , asking him to place the good of the party above personal animosity : " every man performs his office , and there is a power , greater than ourselves , that disposes of all this . " |
1037 | anglicanism | 1 | CONCEPT | he favoured low church clergymen in promotion , disliking other movements in anglicanism for political reasons . |
1038 | battles | 1 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
1039 | love story | 1 | PERSON | in the same year disraeli published a novel , henrietta temple , which was a love story and social comedy , drawing on his affair with henrietta sykes . |
1040 | party leader | 1 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
1041 | mud | 1 | MONEY | disraeli said of lowe that he was the only person in london with whom he would not shake hands : " he is in the mud and there i leave him . " |
1042 | archibald tait | 1 | PERSON | when the position of archbishop of canterbury fell vacant , disraeli reluctantly agreed to the queen 's preferred candidate , archibald tait , the bishop of london . |
1043 | interruptions | 1 | PERSON | the interruptions were fewer , as gladstone gained control of the house , and in the next two hours painted a picture of disraeli as frivolous and his budget as subversive . |
1044 | morning paper | 1 | PERSON | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
1045 | principle | 1 | PERSON | he possesses all the necessary requisites of perfidy , selfishness , depravity , want of principle , etc. , which would qualify him for the change . |
1046 | bursting | 1 | ACTIVITY | the bursting of the mining bubble was ruinous for disraeli . |
1047 | note | 1 | ABILITY | as parry observes , the book ends on a political note , setting out europe 's progress " from feudal to federal principles " . |
1048 | godfather | 1 | PERSON | turner stood as godfather when benjamin was baptised , aged twelve , on 31 july 1817 . |
1049 | small | 1 | PERSON | the wondrous tale of alroy the following year portrayed the problems of a medieval jew in deciding between a small , exclusively jewish state and a large empire embracing all . |
1050 | ottoman territorial integrity | 1 | EVENT | in spite of this , disraeli 's policy favoured constantinople and ottoman territorial integrity . |
1051 | portrait prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
1052 | criteria | 1 | RULE | the writer r. w. stewart observed that there have always been two criteria for judging disraeli 's novels— political and artistic . |
1053 | conservatism variants | 1 | ABILITY | part of a series on conservatism variants * authoritarian * |
1054 | o' connell | 1 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
1055 | all angels | 1 | PLACE | a statue on a podium statue of disraeli in parliament square , london disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the church of st michael and all angels which stands in the grounds of his home , hughenden manor . |
1056 | one nation conservatism principles | 1 | PERSON |  |
1057 | eliot | 1 | PERSON | schmitt * eliot * |
1058 | tory politician | 1 | PERSON | tory politician with experience of office followed peel , leaving the rump bereft of leadership . |
1059 | nation conservatives caucus | 1 | PERSON | one nation conservatives caucus * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * flag united kingdom portal * v * t * e portrait of benjamin disraeli by john everett millais , 1881 |
1060 | commonplace | 1 | STATEMENT | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . |
1061 | phrase | 1 | PHRASE | the conservative politician and writer douglas hurd wrote in 2013 , " was not a one-nation conservative— and this was not simply because he never used the phrase . |
1062 | memory | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the memory of disraeli was used by the conservatives to appeal to the working classes , with whom he was said to have had a rapport . |
1063 | debate bentinck | 1 | PERSON | in the aftermath of the debate bentinck resigned the leadership and was succeeded by lord granby ; disraeli 's speech , thought by many of his own party to be blasphemous , ruled him out for the time being . |
1064 | oscar | 1 | PERSON | in 1929 , actor george arliss won the oscar for personifying disraeli 's " paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship " . |
1065 | suffrage | 1 | CONCLUSION | responding to renewed agitation for popular suffrage , disraeli persuaded a majority of the cabinet to agree to a reform bill . |
1066 | crypto jew | 1 | PERSON |  |
1067 | royal titles | 1 | PERSON | royal titles act main article : royal titles |
1068 | prescribed | 1 | UNKNOWN | as a practising jew he could not take the oath of allegiance in the prescribed christian form , and therefore could not take his seat . |
1069 | john tenniel | 1 | PERSON | refer to caption disraeli ( right ) and salisbury as knights of the garter , portrayed by john tenniel in the pas de deux ( from the scène de triomphe in the grand anglo-turkish ballet d'action ) |
1070 | ambassador | 1 | ENTITY | at the request of the french ambassador , palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . |
1071 | distinction | 1 | SOUND | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
1072 | northcote disraeli | 1 | PERSON | two gentlemen , the second bearded derby ( top ) and northcote disraeli 's cabinet of twelve , with six peers and six commoners , was the smallest since reform . |
1073 | base | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | to counterbalance this , britain required a possession in the eastern mediterranean where it might base ships and troops and negotiated with the ottomans for the cession of cyprus . |
1074 | poem | 1 | PERSON | blake commented that disraeli " produced an epic poem , unbelievably bad , and a five-act blank verse tragedy , if possible worse . |
1075 | englishmen | 1 | UNKNOWN | when the american civil war began in 1861 , disraeli said little publicly , but like most englishmen expected the south to win . |
1076 | cause | 1 | CAUSE | in the early 1830s the tories and the interests they represented appeared to be a lost cause . |
1077 | county constituency | 1 | PERSON | the possession of a country house and incumbency of a county constituency were regarded as essential for a tory with leadership ambitions . |
1078 | doubt | 1 | STATE | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
1079 | netherlands | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
1080 | profile | 1 | EVENT | after this unpromising start disraeli kept a low profile for the rest of the parliamentary session . |
1081 | bulgarian town | 1 | PLACE | congress of berlin main article : congress of berlin the russians pushed through ottoman territory and by december 1877 had captured the strategic bulgarian town of plevna . |
1082 | together | 1 | UNKNOWN | 1830-1837 together with his sister 's fiancé , william meredith , disraeli travelled widely in southern europe and beyond in 1830-31 . |
1083 | discourse | 1 | QUANTITY | further he wrote a discourse on political theory and a political biography , the life of lord george bentinck , which is excellent ... remarkably fair and accurate . " |
1084 | public health act | 1 | ACT | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
1085 | growth | 1 | INCREASE | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
1086 | search | 1 | ACTION | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
1087 | antony sher | 1 | PERSON | in the 1997 film mrs brown , disraeli was played by antony sher . |
1088 | subaltern | 1 | UNKNOWN | the duke of argyll wrote that disraeli " was like a subaltern in a great battle where every superior officer was killed or wounded " . |
1089 | saffet pasha | 1 | PERSON | four men international delegates at the constantinople conference : clockwise from top left , saffet pasha ( turkey ) , general ignatieff ( russia ) , lord salisbury ( britain ) and the comte de chaudordy ( france ) |
1090 | elementary education act | 1 | ACT | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
1091 | visit | 1 | EVENT | disraeli declined a visit from the queen , saying , " she would only ask me to take a message to albert . " |
1092 | date | 1 | RESULT | two years later or so— the exact date has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder to rev john potticary 's school at blackheath . |
1093 | answer | 1 | PERSON | when the afghans made no answer , lord cranbrook as secretary of state for war , ordered the advance against them in the second anglo-afghan war . |
1094 | diary | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | gladstone called several times to enquire about his rival 's condition , and wrote in his diary , " may the almighty be near his pillow . " |
1095 | pbs | 1 | UNKNOWN | presented in the u.s. on pbs 's masterpiece |
1096 | j. g. lockhart murray | 1 | PERSON | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
1097 | commander | 1 | PERSON | disraeli sent general sir garnet wolseley as high commissioner and commander in chief , and cetewayo and the zulus were crushed at the battle of ulundi on 4 july 1879 . |
1098 | coalitions | 1 | GROUP | " i face a coalition ... this , too , i know , that england does not love coalitions . " |
1099 | emmy award | 1 | ACT | theatre in 1980 , it was nominated for the emmy award for outstanding limited series . |
1100 | jabotinsky | 1 | PERSON | spengler * jabotinsky * |
1101 | father in law | 1 | PERSON |  |
1102 | advocates | 1 | PERSON | a small number of radicals , generally from northern constituencies , were the strongest advocates of continuing reform . |
1103 | improper | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli took no public part in the electioneering , it being deemed improper for peers to make speeches to influence commons elections . |
1104 | second disraeli ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | second term main articles : second premiership of benjamin disraeli and second disraeli ministry |
1105 | singapore | 1 | PLACE | russia * serbia * singapore * sweden * |
1106 | burglar | 1 | PERSON | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
1107 | chiang | 1 | PLACE | de gasperi * chiang * salazar * |
1108 | schylus | 1 | UNKNOWN | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
1109 | steps | 1 | NAME | this was quieted as disraeli took steps to assert his leadership , and as divisions among the liberals became clear . |
1110 | boarder | 1 | PERSON | two years later or so— the exact date has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder to rev john potticary 's school at blackheath . |
1111 | communitarianism | 1 | CONCEPT | clerical fascism * communitarianism * |
1112 | victorian | 1 | PERSON | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
1113 | finland | 1 | PLACE | colombia * cuba * denmark * finland * |
1114 | cape colony | 1 | PERSON | british policy in south africa was to encourage federation between the british-run cape colony and natal , and the boer republics , the transvaal ( annexed by britain in 1877 ) and the orange free state . |
1115 | party rival | 1 | PERSON | in the absence of a credible party rival and for fear of having an election called on the issue , conservatives felt obliged to support disraeli despite their misgivings . |
1116 | sixth year | 1 | PERIOD | parliaments were then for a seven-year term , and it was the custom not to go to the country until the sixth year unless forced to by events . |
1117 | metaxas | 1 | PERSON | metaxas * churchill * adenauer * |
1118 | negotiation | 1 | PROCESS | of the peers , five of them had been in disraeli 's 1868 cabinet ; the sixth , lord salisbury , was reconciled to disraeli after negotiation and became secretary of state for india . |
1119 | argyll | 1 | PERSON | the duke of argyll wrote that disraeli " was like a subaltern in a great battle where every superior officer was killed or wounded " . |
1120 | exposition | 1 | AGREEMENT | whig as hero , is a last exposition of the author 's economic policies and political beliefs . |
1121 | application | 1 | ACT | gladstone 's biographer philip magnus contrasted disraeli 's grasp of foreign affairs with that of gladstone , who " never understood that high moral principles , in their application to foreign policy , are more often destructive of political stability than motives of national self-interest . " |
1122 | bulletins | 1 | INFORMATION | despite the gravity of disraeli 's condition , the doctors concocted optimistic bulletins for public consumption . |
1123 | thatcherism | 1 | CONCEPT | sarkozysm * thatcherism * trumpism * ziaism national variants * |
1124 | midlothian campaign | 1 | PERSON | on his advice , gladstone accepted the offer in january 1879 , and later that year began his midlothian campaign , speaking not only in edinburgh , but across britain , attacking disraeli , to huge crowds . |
1125 | diplomacy | 1 | BRANCH | disraeli caused an uproar in the congress by making his opening address in english , rather than in french , hitherto accepted as the international language of diplomacy . |
1126 | gasperi | 1 | PERSON | de gasperi * chiang * salazar * |
1127 | risorgimento | 1 | UNKNOWN | it reflected anti-catholicism of the sort that was popular in britain , and which fueled support for italian unification ( " risorgimento " ) . |
1128 | press | 1 | INSTITUTION | daniel o'connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to disraeli as : a reptile ... |
1129 | agriculture | 1 | STUDY | conservative chances of re-election were damaged by the poor weather , and consequent effects on agriculture . |
1130 | domain | 1 | LAND | victoria had long wished to have an imperial title , reflecting britain 's expanding domain . |
1131 | schemes | 1 | CONDITION | he had far-reaching schemes but little administrative ability , and there was some foundation for napoleon |
1132 | revolutionary | 1 | PERSON | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
1133 | rank | 1 | RANK | she was irked when tsar alexander ii held a higher rank than her as an emperor , and was appalled that her daughter , the prussian crown princess , would outrank her when her husband came to the throne . |
1134 | teaching | 1 | ACT | black conservatism + us * catholic social teaching * clericalism * |
1135 | hair portrait | 1 | PERSON | a young man of vaguely semitic appearance , with long and curly black hair portrait of benjamin disraeli by francis grant . |
1136 | richard aldous | 1 | PERSON | when disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to richard aldous in his book on the rivalry between disraeli and gladstone , " victoria and disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " |
1137 | rites | 1 | EVENT | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
1138 | abbott | 1 | PERSON | in 1972 b. h. abbott stressed that it was not disraeli but lord randolph churchill who invented the term " tory democracy " , though it was disraeli who made it an essential part of conservative policy and philosophy . |
1139 | sketches | 1 | SPEECH ACT | disraeli 's early " silver fork " novels vivian grey ( 1826 ) and the young duke ( 1831 ) featured romanticised depictions of aristocratic life ( despite his ignorance of it ) with character sketches of well-known public figures lightly disguised . |
1140 | boy | 1 | PERSON | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
1141 | adenauer | 1 | PERSON | metaxas * churchill * adenauer * |
1142 | removal | 1 | ACT | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
1143 | rumours | 1 | STATEMENT | despite rumours about palmerston 's health as he turned 80 , he remained personally popular , and the liberals increased their margin in the july 1865 general election . |
1144 | scène de triomphe | 1 | GAME | refer to caption disraeli ( right ) and salisbury as knights of the garter , portrayed by john tenniel in the pas de deux ( from the scène de triomphe in the grand anglo-turkish ballet d'action ) |
1145 | tait | 1 | PERSON | when the position of archbishop of canterbury fell vacant , disraeli reluctantly agreed to the queen 's preferred candidate , archibald tait , the bishop of london . |
1146 | heroine | 1 | PERSON | it draws on the events of his affair with henrietta sykes to tell the story of a debt-ridden young man torn between a mercenary loveless marriage and a passionate love at first sight for the eponymous heroine . |
1147 | india act | 1 | ACT | the government of india act 1858 ended the role of the east india company in governing the subcontinent . |
1148 | incense | 1 | EVENT | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
1149 | baptism | 1 | ACT | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
1150 | isma | 1 | PERSON | built by french interests , 56 % of the stocks in the canal remained in their hands , while 44 % of the stock belonged to isma 'il pasha , the khedive of egypt . |
1151 | british prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE | he is the only british prime minister to have been born jewish . |
1152 | crime | 1 | EVENT | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
1153 | sephardi aristocracy | 1 | SET | disraeli convinced himself ( wrongly ) that he derived from the sephardi aristocracy of iberian jews driven from spain at the end of the fifteenth century . |
1154 | bishop blomfield | 1 | PERSON | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
1155 | basevi | 1 | UNKNOWN | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
1156 | wave | 1 | WAVE | conservative feminism * conservative socialism * conservative wave * |
1157 | novels vivian grey | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's early " silver fork " novels vivian grey ( 1826 ) and the young duke ( 1831 ) featured romanticised depictions of aristocratic life ( despite his ignorance of it ) with character sketches of well-known public figures lightly disguised . |
1158 | gossip | 1 | PERSON | lyndhurst was an indiscreet gossip with a fondness for intrigue ; this appealed greatly to disraeli , who became his secretary and go-between . |
1159 | scene | 1 | SET | gladstone , disraeli stated , dominated the scene and " alternated between a menace and a sigh " . |
1160 | anti communism | 1 | PERSON |  |
1161 | disaster | 1 | EVENT | disraeli wrote the next day , " the terrible disaster has shaken me to the centre " . |
1162 | jewish | 1 | UNKNOWN | he is the only british prime minister to have been born jewish . |
1163 | grip | 1 | PERSON | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
1164 | world affairs | 1 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
1165 | lord cairns | 1 | PERSON | he made only two major changes in the cabinet : he replaced lord chelmsford as lord chancellor with lord cairns and brought in george ward hunt as chancellor of the exchequer . |
1166 | peeress | 1 | UNKNOWN | through 1872 the eighty-year-old peeress had stomach cancer . |
1167 | luxembourg | 1 | PLACE | luxembourg * malaysia * |
1168 | adams | 1 | PERSON | adams * pitt * canning * metternich * |
1169 | irish | 1 | PERSON | the irish mp |
1170 | elections | 1 | POWER | blake , however , pointed out that results in local elections had been moving against the conservatives , and doubted if disraeli missed any great opportunity by waiting . |
1171 | death mask | 1 | PLACE | a death mask resembling disraeli disraeli 's death mask a grave disraeli 's tomb at hughenden returning to hughenden , disraeli brooded over his electoral dismissal , but also resumed work on endymion , which he had begun in 1872 and laid aside before the 1874 election . |
1172 | existence | 1 | ENTITY | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
1173 | pendent | 1 | UNKNOWN | or sinister a lion or each gorged with a collar gules and pendent therefrom an escutcheon of the last charged with a tower argent . |
1174 | ferdinand de lesseps | 1 | PERSON | the canal was losing money , and an attempt by ferdinand de lesseps , builder of the canal , to raise the tolls had fallen through when the khedive had threatened military force to prevent it , and had also attracted disraeli 's attention . |
1175 | anglican | 1 | UNKNOWN | his father left judaism after a dispute at his synagogue ; benjamin became an anglican at the age of 12 . |
1176 | bessarabia | 1 | UNKNOWN | the russians were willing to make changes to the big bulgaria , but were determined to retain their new possessions , bessarabia in europe and batum and kars on the east coast of the black sea . |
1177 | guard | 1 | NUMBER | with coningsby ; or , the new generation ( 1844 ) , disraeli , in blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that england 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " sybil ; or , the two nations was less idealistic than coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . |
1178 | charter organisations | 1 | PERSON | industrial charter organisations * |
1179 | by elections | 1 | POWER |  |
1180 | mockery | 1 | PERSON | gladstone had absented himself from the funeral , with his plea of the press of public business met with public mockery . |
1181 | reserves | 1 | UNKNOWN | the cabinet discussed disraeli 's proposal to position indian troops at malta for possible transit to the balkans and call out reserves . |
1182 | cession | 1 | EVENT | to counterbalance this , britain required a possession in the eastern mediterranean where it might base ships and troops and negotiated with the ottomans for the cession of cyprus . |
1183 | india lord lytton | 1 | PLACE | the viceroy of india lord lytton concealed his plans to issue this ultimatum from disraeli , and when the prime minister insisted he take no action , went ahead anyway . |
1184 | ranks | 1 | RANK | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
1185 | novelty | 1 | EVENT | a work of fiction by a former prime minister was a novelty for britain , and the book became a bestseller . |
1186 | pessimism | 1 | STATE | despite this pessimism , conservatives hopes were buoyed in early 1880 with successes in by-elections the liberals had expected to win , concluding with victory in southwark , normally a liberal stronghold . |
1187 | agitation | 1 | PROPERTY | responding to renewed agitation for popular suffrage , disraeli persuaded a majority of the cabinet to agree to a reform bill . |
1188 | affection | 1 | EMOTION | disraeli 's courage , quickness of wit , capacity for affection , and freedom from sordid motives earned him his position . |
1189 | resolution | 1 | EVENT | the british military efforts were marked by bungling , and in 1855 a restive parliament considered a resolution to establish a committee on the conduct of the war . |
1190 | lodgers | 1 | PERSON | it extended the franchise by 938,427 men—an increase of 88% —by giving the vote to male householders and male lodgers paying at least £10 for rooms . |
1191 | bestseller | 1 | COLLECTION | a work of fiction by a former prime minister was a novelty for britain , and the book became a bestseller . |
1192 | sabres | 1 | LIGHT | balkans and bulgaria cavalry wielding sabres fight men with guns on foot fight in |
1193 | reproach | 1 | CAUSE | i do not use it as a term of reproach ; there are many most respectable jews . |
1194 | benjamin senior | 1 | PERSON | after benjamin senior died in 1816 , isaac felt free to leave the congregation following a second dispute . |
1195 | british power | 1 | POWER | a later foreign secretary , lord curzon , described the canal in 1909 as " the determining influence of every considerable movement of british power to the east and south of the mediterranean " . |
1196 | depravity | 1 | ACT | he possesses all the necessary requisites of perfidy , selfishness , depravity , want of principle , etc. , which would qualify him for the change . |
1197 | arrangement | 1 | ARRANGEMENT | this confused arrangement ended with granby 's resignation in 1851 ; disraeli effectively ignored the two men regardless . |
1198 | june prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE |  |
1199 | allegations | 1 | ACT | disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the ottomans since " oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . |
1200 | householders | 1 | PERSON | it extended the franchise by 938,427 men—an increase of 88% —by giving the vote to male householders and male lodgers paying at least £10 for rooms . |
1201 | characters | 1 | FORCE | his other novel of this period is venetia , a romance based on the characters of shelley and byron , written quickly to raise much-needed money . |
1202 | bonald | 1 | PERSON | more * maistre * bonald * chateaubriand * |
1203 | reaganism | 1 | CONCEPT | qutbism + khomeinism * reaganism * |
1204 | mudlark | 1 | UNKNOWN | alec guinness portrayed him in the mudlark ( 1950 ) . |
1205 | ruler | 1 | PLACE | under lord roberts , the british easily defeated them and installed a new ruler , leaving a mission and garrison in kabul . |
1206 | consolation | 1 | INSTANCE | in the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the united states , grain prices remained low . |
1207 | businessmen | 1 | PERSON | they held that the landed interests should use their power to protect the poor from exploitation by middle-class businessmen . |
1208 | mocattas | 1 | UNKNOWN | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
1209 | osborne | 1 | PERSON | disraeli went to osborne house on the isle of wight , where the queen asked him to form a government . |
1210 | intermediaries | 1 | PERSON | he carried on a correspondence with victoria , with letters passed through intermediaries . |
1211 | dismissal | 1 | PERSON | a death mask resembling disraeli disraeli 's death mask a grave disraeli 's tomb at hughenden returning to hughenden , disraeli brooded over his electoral dismissal , but also resumed work on endymion , which he had begun in 1872 and laid aside before the 1874 election . |
1212 | ambitions | 1 | EVENT | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
1213 | election campaign | 1 | PERSON | the other was wyndham lewis , who helped finance disraeli 's election campaign , and who died the following year . |
1214 | hungary | 1 | PLACE | hungary * iceland * india * iran * israel * |
1215 | reinforcements | 1 | PERMISSION | disraeli and the cabinet reluctantly backed him , and in early january 1879 resolved to send reinforcements . |
1216 | discord | 1 | SOUND | the films created " a facsimile world where existing values were invariably validated by events in the film and where all discord could be turned into harmony by an acceptance of the status quo " . |
1217 | gender roles | 1 | ROLE | gender roles + complementarianism + essentialism * |
1218 | detention | 1 | RESOURCE | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
1219 | sickness | 1 | EMOTION | as it became clear that this might be his final sickness , friends and opponents alike came to call . |
1220 | irritation | 1 | STATE | he neglected to notify either the prince of wales or the opposition and was met by irritation from the prince and a full-scale attack from the liberals . |
1221 | walthamstow | 1 | UNKNOWN | the school chosen for him was run by eliezer cogan at higham hill in walthamstow . |
1222 | body | 1 | BODY | the disraeli vault also contains the body of sarah brydges willyams , the wife of james brydges willyams of st mawgan . |
1223 | liberal | 1 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
1224 | mighty prototype | 1 | DOCUMENT | english toryism was ' copied from the mighty prototype ' ( coningsby , bk 4 , chap. |
1225 | historian llewellyn woodward | 1 | PERSON | historian llewellyn woodward has evaluated disraeli : |
1226 | endurance | 1 | DISTANCE | before they could arrive , on 22 january , a zulu impi ( army ) , moving with great speed and endurance , destroyed a british encampment in south africa in the battle of isandlwana . |
1227 | chambers | 1 | NUMBER | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
1228 | parliament back bencher | 1 | PERSON |  |
1229 | origins | 1 | PERSON | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
1230 | maurras | 1 | UNKNOWN | baldwin * maurras * horthy * |
1231 | match | 1 | FORM | t f maples was not only the young disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in-law : isaac and maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for benjamin . |
1232 | executions | 1 | CONDITION | it ended public executions , and the corrupt practices |
1233 | chances | 1 | QUALITY | conservative chances of re-election were damaged by the poor weather , and consequent effects on agriculture . |
1234 | british east india company | 1 | INSTITUTION | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
1235 | savigny | 1 | UNKNOWN | savigny * carlyle * ranke * newman * |
1236 | purpose | 1 | PURPOSE | disraeli 's overall purpose was to enact policies which would benefit the working classes , making his party more attractive to them . |
1237 | congregation | 1 | ENTITY | after benjamin senior died in 1816 , isaac felt free to leave the congregation following a second dispute . |
1238 | basis | 1 | RESULT | disraeli had supported the efforts of party manager john eldon gorst to put the administration of the conservative party on a modern basis . |
1239 | uniqueness | 1 | STATE | ..presenting himself as jewish symbolized disraeli 's uniqueness when he was fighting for respect , and explained his set-backs . |
1240 | liberal earl | 1 | PERSON | the small scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the conservative duke of buccleuch and the liberal earl of rosebery . |
1241 | bed | 1 | UNKNOWN | in march , he fell ill with bronchitis , and emerged from bed only for a meeting with salisbury and other conservative leaders on the 26th . |
1242 | islington | 1 | PLACE | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
1243 | brave | 1 | PERSON | disraeli spoke in favour of the measure , arguing that christianity was " completed judaism " , and asking the house of commons " where is your christianity if you do not believe in their judaism ? " russell and disraeli 's future rival gladstone thought this brave ; the speech was badly received by his own party . |
1244 | qualities | 1 | QUALITY | in the event , the speech was a model of its kind , in which he avoided comment on disraeli 's politics while praising his personal qualities . |
1245 | asset | 1 | ASSET | blake argued that disraeli 's imperialism " decisively orientated the conservative party for many years to come , and the tradition which he started was probably a bigger electoral asset in winning working-class support during the last quarter of the century than anything else " . |
1246 | descendants | 1 | ELEMENT | the whigs derived from the coalition of lords who had forced through the bill of rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . |
1247 | family history | 1 | UNIT | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
1248 | isaac cardoso | 1 | PERSON | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
1249 | pasha | 1 | PERSON | built by french interests , 56 % of the stocks in the canal remained in their hands , while 44 % of the stock belonged to isma 'il pasha , the khedive of egypt . |
1250 | alt | 1 | SOUND | right-wing politics + alt + authoritarianism + centre + dictatorship + far + new * small-c conservative * toryism * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * v * t * e novels * vivian grey ( 1826 , revised 1853 ) * |
1251 | artist | 1 | PERSON | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
1252 | economics | 1 | UNKNOWN | the imperialism of his later years was equally superficial : an interpretation of politics without economics . |
1253 | sovereign | 1 | PERSON | in later years , the german chancellor would show visitors to his office three pictures on the wall : " the portrait of my sovereign , there on the right that of my wife , and on the left , there , that of lord beaconsfield " . |
1254 | friend sharon turner | 1 | PERSON | isaac 's friend sharon turner , a solicitor , convinced him that although he could comfortably remain unattached to any formal religion it would be disadvantageous to the children if they did so . |
1255 | mercantile background | 1 | INFORMATION | the family was mostly from italy , of sephardic jewish mercantile background . |
1256 | whig member | 1 | PERSON | he did not defeat the incumbent whig member , henry labouchere , but the taunton constituency was regarded as unwinnable by the tories . |
1257 | senior | 1 | PERSON | after benjamin senior died in 1816 , isaac felt free to leave the congregation following a second dispute . |
1258 | canterbury | 1 | PLACE | when the position of archbishop of canterbury fell vacant , disraeli reluctantly agreed to the queen 's preferred candidate , archibald tait , the bishop of london . |
1259 | traditional | 1 | UNKNOWN | tory democrat : the 1867 reform act it was disraeli 's belief that if given the vote british people would use it instinctively to put their natural and traditional rulers , the gentlemen of the conservative party , into power . |
1260 | prices | 1 | AMOUNT | in the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the united states , grain prices remained low . |
1261 | adds | 1 | PERSON | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
1262 | benjamin austen | 1 | PERSON | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
1263 | lord chelmsford | 1 | PERSON | he made only two major changes in the cabinet : he replaced lord chelmsford as lord chancellor with lord cairns and brought in george ward hunt as chancellor of the exchequer . |
1264 | cash | 1 | PERSON | venetia ( 1837 ) was a minor work , written to raise much-needed cash . |
1265 | division | 1 | PERSON | as in 1852 , derby led a minority government , dependent on the division of its opponents for survival . |
1266 | electorate | 1 | PERSON | the small scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the conservative duke of buccleuch and the liberal earl of rosebery . |
1267 | venture | 1 | PERSON | the public saw the venture as a daring statement of british dominance of the seas . |
1268 | nationalists | 1 | PERSON | his targets included the whigs , collectively and individually , irish nationalists , and political corruption . |
1269 | lord cranbrook | 1 | PERSON | when the afghans made no answer , lord cranbrook as secretary of state for war , ordered the advance against them in the second anglo-afghan war . |
1270 | c span stanley weintraub | 1 | PERSON |  |
1271 | clergyman | 1 | DEVICE | urged by a clergyman to turn her thoughts to jesus christ in her final days , she said she could not : " you know dizzy is my j.c. " in 1873 , gladstone brought forward legislation to establish a catholic university in dublin . |
1272 | partisan significance | 1 | PURPOSE | although their paths diverged over the repeal of the corn laws in 1846 and later over fiscal policy more generally , it was not until the later 1860s that their differences over parliamentary reform , irish and church policy assumed great partisan significance . |
1273 | personality | 1 | SET | his singular and complex personality has provided historians and biographers with a particularly stiff challenge . |
1274 | incumbency | 1 | ACT | the possession of a country house and incumbency of a county constituency were regarded as essential for a tory with leadership ambitions . |
1275 | slump | 1 | ACTIVITY | amid an economic slump generally , the conservatives lost support among farmers . |
1276 | non fiction | 1 | STATEMENT |  |
1277 | lockhart | 1 | PERSON | john murray and j. g. lockhart murray had ambitions to establish a new morning paper to compete with the times . |
1278 | champions | 1 | PERSON | with what derby cautioned was " a leap in the dark " , disraeli had outflanked the liberals who , as the supposed champions of reform , dared not oppose him . |
1279 | bernard glassman | 1 | PERSON | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
1280 | grain prices | 1 | AMOUNT | in the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the united states , grain prices remained low . |
1281 | powers | 1 | POWER | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
1282 | chancellor—in part | 1 | PART | although the budget did not contain protectionist features , the opposition was prepared to destroy it— and disraeli 's career as chancellor—in part out of revenge for his actions against peel in 1846 . |
1283 | intransigence | 1 | EVENT | by one account , when met with russian intransigence , disraeli told his secretary to order a special train to return them home to begin the war . |
1284 | greatness | 1 | STATE | film historian roy armes has argued that historical films helped maintain the political status quo in britain in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment viewpoint that emphasized the greatness of monarchy , empire , and tradition . |
1285 | trilogy | 1 | SET | in the 1840s disraeli wrote a trilogy of novels with political themes . |
1286 | face | 1 | PORTION | spain was losing its south american colonies in the face of rebellions . |
1287 | metaxism | 1 | CONCEPT | maurrassisme * mellismo * metaxism * |
1288 | asthma | 1 | CONDITION | because of his asthma and gout , disraeli went out as little as possible , fearing more serious episodes of illness . |
1289 | kuhn | 1 | PERSON | the critic william kuhn suggests that disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . |
1290 | statement | 1 | STATEMENT | the public saw the venture as a daring statement of british dominance of the seas . |
1291 | lord odo russell | 1 | PERSON | by one account , the british ambassador in berlin , lord odo russell , hoping to spare the delegates disraeli 's very poor french accent , told disraeli that the congress was hoping to hear a speech in english by one of its masters . |
1292 | outstanding limited series | 1 | SERIES | theatre in 1980 , it was nominated for the emmy award for outstanding limited series . |
1293 | child | 1 | PERSON | king 's road , bedford row , bloomsbury , london , the second child and eldest son of isaac d' israeli , a literary critic and historian , and maria ( miriam ) , née basevi . |
1294 | broad church teachings | 1 | PERSON | in this , he came into disagreement with the queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband albert preferred broad church teachings . |
1295 | appointment granby | 1 | PERSON | within a month of his appointment granby resigned the leadership in the commons and the party functioned without a leader in the commons for the rest of the session . |
1296 | itv series number | 1 | NUMBER | pasco played disraeli in the itv series number 10 in 1983 . |
1297 | names | 1 | NAME | " these are not names i can put before the queen . " |
1298 | charlatan | 1 | PERSON | disraeli fascinated and divided contemporary opinion ; he was seen by many , including some members of his own party , as an adventurer and a charlatan and by others as a far-sighted and patriotic statesman . |
1299 | quarter century | 1 | PERIOD | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
1300 | devout member | 1 | PERSON | isaac 's father , benjamin , was a prominent and devout member ; it was probably out of respect for him that isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813 . |
1301 | superior officer | 1 | TERM | the duke of argyll wrote that disraeli " was like a subaltern in a great battle where every superior officer was killed or wounded " . |
1302 | michael ragussis | 1 | PERSON | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
1303 | lull | 1 | PERIOD | the start of the crimean war in 1854 caused a lull in party politics ; |
1304 | actor george arliss | 1 | PERSON | in 1929 , actor george arliss won the oscar for personifying disraeli 's " paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship " . |
1305 | tewodros | 1 | PERSON | disraeli sent the successful expedition against tewodros |
1306 | loathing | 1 | EVENT | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
1307 | rothschild | 1 | PERSON | russell , rothschild , manners and granby |
1308 | honours | 1 | UNKNOWN | despite his public confidence , disraeli recognised that the conservatives would probably lose the next election and was already contemplating his resignation honours . |
1309 | system | 1 | SYSTEM | amendments to the school law , the scottish legal system , and the railway laws were passed . |
1310 | proportion | 1 | STATEMENT | fielding says arliss " personified the kind of paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship that appealed to a significant proportion of the cinema audience ... |
1311 | crops | 1 | NUMBER | peel hoped that the repeal of the corn laws and the resultant influx of cheaper wheat into britain would relieve the condition of the poor , and in particular the great famine caused by successive failure of potato crops in ireland . |
1312 | triumvirate | 1 | UNKNOWN | at the start of the next session , affairs were handled by a triumvirate of granby , disraeli , and john charles herries— indicative of the tension between disraeli and the rest of the party , who needed his talents but mistrusted him . |
1313 | adventurer | 1 | PERSON | disraeli fascinated and divided contemporary opinion ; he was seen by many , including some members of his own party , as an adventurer and a charlatan and by others as a far-sighted and patriotic statesman . |
1314 | government posts | 1 | UNKNOWN | as he had in government posts , disraeli rewarded old friends with clerical positions , making sydney turner , son of a good friend of isaac d' israeli , dean of ripon . |
1315 | frustration | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen resigned , and the queen sent for derby , who to disraeli 's frustration refused to take office . |
1316 | blood | 1 | STATE | as zulu troops could not marry until they had washed their spears in blood , they were eager for combat . |
1317 | policy legislation | 1 | PERSON | domestic policy legislation |
1318 | party conservative | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1319 | premierships | 1 | POSITION | as the new session of parliament approached in february 1868 , he was unable to leave his home but was reluctant to resign , as at 68 he was much younger than either palmerston or russell at the end of their premierships . |
1320 | kaczyzm | 1 | UNKNOWN | fujimorism * gaullism * janismo * kaczyzm * |
1321 | sharp | 1 | PERSON | bright , peel , bentinck and stanley disraeli gradually became a sharp critic of peel 's government , often deliberately taking contrary positions . |
1322 | rebellions | 1 | FORCE | spain was losing its south american colonies in the face of rebellions . |
1323 | aid | 1 | QUANTITY | rather than seek the aid of the bank of england , disraeli borrowed funds from lionel de rothschild , who took a commission on the deal . |
1324 | statute | 1 | PERSON | at the request of the french ambassador , palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . |
1325 | device | 1 | DEVICE | at the request of the french ambassador , palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . |
1326 | vestments | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
1327 | procession | 1 | STATE | despite having been offered a state funeral by queen victoria , disraeli 's executors decided against a public procession and funeral , fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour . |
1328 | british ambassador | 1 | ENTITY | by one account , the british ambassador in berlin , lord odo russell , hoping to spare the delegates disraeli 's very poor french accent , told disraeli that the congress was hoping to hear a speech in english by one of its masters . |
1329 | discipline | 1 | DISCIPLINE | culture of life + pro-life * discipline * |
1330 | mass | 1 | QUANTITY | on gorst 's advice , disraeli gave a speech to a mass meeting in manchester that year . |
1331 | church policy | 1 | PERSON | although their paths diverged over the repeal of the corn laws in 1846 and later over fiscal policy more generally , it was not until the later 1860s that their differences over parliamentary reform , irish and church policy assumed great partisan significance . |
1332 | disraeli vault | 1 | PERSON | the disraeli vault also contains the body of sarah brydges willyams , the wife of james brydges willyams of st mawgan . |
1333 | britons | 1 | UNKNOWN | the jingoistic attitude of many britons increased disraeli 's political support , and the queen showed her favour by visiting him at hughenden — the first time she had visited the country home of her prime minister since the melbourne ministry . |
1334 | example | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | for example , disraeli made political appointments to positions previously given to career civil servants . |
1335 | sectarianism | 1 | EVENT | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
1336 | higham hill | 1 | HILL | the school chosen for him was run by eliezer cogan at higham hill in walthamstow . |
1337 | creation | 1 | EVENT | he played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party , defining its policies and its broad outreach . |
1338 | sultan abdülaziz | 1 | UNKNOWN | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
1339 | trip | 1 | POSITION | the trip was financed partly by another high society novel , the young duke , written in 1829-30 . |
1340 | root | 1 | ARTIFACT | in the years after disraeli 's death , as salisbury began his reign of more than twenty years over the conservatives , the party emphasised the late leader 's " one nation " views , that the conservatives at root shared the beliefs of the working classes , with the liberals the party of the urban élite . |
1341 | corrupt practices act | 1 | ACT |  |
1342 | leadership ambitions | 1 | EVENT | the possession of a country house and incumbency of a county constituency were regarded as essential for a tory with leadership ambitions . |
1343 | young england trilogy | 1 | PERSON | falconet ( unfinished , 1881 ; posthumously published in 1905 ) young england trilogy 1 . |
1344 | genre | 1 | UNKNOWN | with coningsby ; or , the new generation ( 1844 ) , disraeli , in blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that england 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " sybil ; or , the two nations was less idealistic than coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . |
1345 | john jackson | 1 | PERSON | disraeli disliked wilberforce and instead appointed john jackson , the bishop of lincoln . |
1346 | platitudes | 1 | STATEMENT | his detachment from english prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in europe . |
1347 | banker | 1 | PLACE | on 14 november 1875 , the editor of the pall mall gazette , frederick greenwood , learned from london banker henry oppenheim that the khedive was seeking to sell his shares in the suez canal company to a french firm . |
1348 | purchase | 1 | AMOUNT | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
1349 | widespread acclaim | 1 | STATEMENT | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
1350 | grade | 1 | PERSON | but there are , as in every other people , some of the lowest and most disgusting grade of moral turpitude ; and of those i look upon mr . disraeli as the worst . |
1351 | nationalisation | 1 | ACT | it authorised an early version of nationalisation , having the post office buy up the telegraph companies . |
1352 | plea | 1 | STATEMENT | gladstone had absented himself from the funeral , with his plea of the press of public business met with public mockery . |
1353 | minister sir winston churchill | 1 | PERSON | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
1354 | reason | 1 | EVENT | stanley , in contrast , deprecated his inexperienced followers as a reason for not assuming office : |
1355 | winner | 1 | PERSON | instead , the election later that month had no clear winner , and the derby government held to power pending the meeting of parliament . |
1356 | transaction | 1 | SUBSTANCE | the banker 's capital was at risk as parliament could have refused to ratify the transaction . |
1357 | opponent | 1 | PERSON | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
1358 | officers | 1 | TERM | act instituted sanitary inspectors and medical officers . |
1359 | debacle | 1 | EVENT | disraeli could not pay off the last of his debts from this debacle until 1849 . |
1360 | biographer bernard glassman | 1 | PERSON | his reasons are unknown , but the biographer bernard glassman surmises that it was to avoid being confused with his father . |
1361 | royal titles bill | 1 | PERSON | the queen prevailed upon disraeli to introduce a royal titles bill , and also told of her intent to open parliament in person , which during this time she did only when she wanted something from legislators . |
1362 | style | 1 | STYLE | he wrote regular reports on proceedings in the commons to victoria , who described them as " very curious " and " much in the style of his books " . |
1363 | borough constituencies | 1 | PERSON | parliament was dissolved on 24 march ; the first borough constituencies began voting a week later . |
1364 | register | 1 | UNIT | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
1365 | duties | 1 | ATTITUDE | derby knew that his " attacks of illness would , at no distant period , incapacitate me from the discharge of my public duties " ; doctors had warned him that his health required his resignation . |
1366 | dissensions | 1 | CONDITION | the whigs were wracked by internal dissensions during the second half of 1851 , much of which parliament spent in recess . |
1367 | servants | 1 | PERSON | for example , disraeli made political appointments to positions previously given to career civil servants . |
1368 | anathema | 1 | PERSON | the other great party , the whigs , were anathema to disraeli : " toryism is worn out & i cannot condescend to be a whig . " |
1369 | liberal chancellor robert lowe | 1 | PERSON | an old enemy of disraeli , former liberal chancellor robert lowe , alleged during the debate in the commons that two previous prime ministers had refused to introduce such legislation for the queen . |
1370 | south korea | 1 | PLACE | south korea * taiwan * turkey * ukraine * united kingdom * united states related ideologies * agrarianism * |
1371 | minutes | 1 | PERIOD | owing to his infirmities , disraeli was 45 minutes late for the lord mayor 's dinner at the guild hall in november , at which it is customary that the prime minister speaks . |
1372 | february december | 1 | PERIOD |  |
1373 | politics nearer | 1 | PART | he brought politics nearer to poetry , or , at all events , to poetical prose , than any english politician since burke . |
1374 | satire | 1 | DEVICE | disraeli made many changes , softening his satire , but the damage to his reputation proved long-lasting . |
1375 | suggestion | 1 | SUGGESTION | on their return to england he left the solicitors , at the suggestion of maples , with the aim of qualifying as a barrister . |
1376 | codes | 1 | PERSON | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
1377 | baronet | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1378 | climb | 1 | FORCE | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
1379 | tsar alexander ii | 1 | PERSON | she was irked when tsar alexander ii held a higher rank than her as an emperor , and was appalled that her daughter , the prussian crown princess , would outrank her when her husband came to the throne . |
1380 | liberty | 1 | PERSON | norms + customs + mores * ordered liberty * |
1381 | homes | 1 | PERSON | disraeli and his wife alternated between hughenden and several homes in london for the rest of their marriage . |
1382 | year disraeli | 1 | PERSON | in the same year disraeli published a novel , henrietta temple , which was a love story and social comedy , drawing on his affair with henrietta sykes . |
1383 | maternalism | 1 | CONCEPT | loyalty * maternalism * |
1384 | commitment | 1 | COMMITMENT | disraeli impressed murray with his energy and commitment to the project , but he failed in his key task of persuading the eminent writer john gibson lockhart to edit the paper . |
1385 | pope | 1 | PERSON | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
1386 | entry | 1 | PERSON | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
1387 | sunak documents | 1 | UNKNOWN | sunak documents * sybil , or the two nations * |
1388 | archbishops | 1 | PERSON | act 1874 which allowed the archbishops to go to court to stop the ritualists . |
1389 | anything adverse | 1 | UNKNOWN | indeed , he had objected to murray about croker 's inserting " high tory " sentiment : disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of reform can issue from my pen . " |
1390 | william ewart gladstone chancellor | 1 | PERSON | in office 1 december 1868 - 17 february 1874 monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by william ewart gladstone chancellor of the exchequer |
1391 | february monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone | 1 | PERSON |  |
1392 | chile | 1 | PLACE | canada * chile * china + hong kong * |
1393 | wake | 1 | PLACE | in the wake of the poor election results , derby predicted to disraeli that neither of them would ever hold office again . |
1394 | waters | 1 | WATER | " i determined when descending those magical waters that i would not be a lawyer . " |
1395 | husband | 1 | PERSON | in this , he came into disagreement with the queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband albert preferred broad church teachings . |
1396 | railway laws | 1 | PERSON | amendments to the school law , the scottish legal system , and the railway laws were passed . |
1397 | novelist | 1 | PERSON | the critic robert o' kell , concurring , writes , " it is after all , even if you are a tory of the staunchest blue , impossible to make disraeli into a first-rate novelist . |
1398 | eastern mediterranean | 1 | UNKNOWN | the fall of plevna was a major story for weeks , and disraeli 's warnings that russia was a threat to british interests in the eastern mediterranean were deemed prophetic . |
1399 | chiangism | 1 | CONCEPT | chiangism * erdoğanism * francoism * |
1400 | patriarchy | 1 | PERSON | patriarchy + patriarchalism * |
1401 | exchequer first derby government main article | 1 | ARTICLE | chancellor of the exchequer first derby government main article : who ? |
1402 | number | 1 | NUMBER | a small number of radicals , generally from northern constituencies , were the strongest advocates of continuing reform . |
1403 | british government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
1404 | silence | 1 | PERSON | public support for disraeli was shown by cheering at a thanksgiving service in 1872 on the recovery of the prince of wales from illness , while gladstone was met with silence . |
1405 | antagonists | 1 | PERSON | roland quinault , however , cautions not to exaggerate the confrontation : they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers . |
1406 | thousands | 1 | UNKNOWN | the suez canal , opened in 1869 , cut weeks and thousands of miles off the sea journey between britain and india ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships using the canal were british . |
1407 | james brydges willyams | 1 | PERSON | the disraeli vault also contains the body of sarah brydges willyams , the wife of james brydges willyams of st mawgan . |
1408 | rhine valley | 1 | PERSON | disraeli toured belgium and the rhine valley with his father in the summer of 1824 . |
1409 | clericalism | 1 | CONCEPT | black conservatism + us * catholic social teaching * clericalism * |
1410 | parliaments | 1 | ACT | parliaments were then for a seven-year term , and it was the custom not to go to the country until the sixth year unless forced to by events . |
1411 | achievement | 1 | ACT | disraeli 's novels are his main literary achievement . |
1412 | lord randolph | 1 | PERSON | welfare state people * disraeli * burke * churchill ( lord randolph ) * churchill ( winston ) * |
1413 | short | 1 | PERMISSION | the tour was cut short suddenly by meredith 's death from smallpox in cairo in july 1831 . |
1414 | pillow | 1 | QUANTITY | gladstone called several times to enquire about his rival 's condition , and wrote in his diary , " may the almighty be near his pillow . " |
1415 | free traders | 1 | PERSON | the first months of 1846 were dominated by a battle in parliament between the free traders and the protectionists over the repeal of the corn laws , with the latter rallying around disraeli and lord george bentinck . |
1416 | discussions | 1 | EVENT | amid british preparations for war , the russians and turks agreed to discussions at berlin . |
1417 | december bloomsbury | 1 | UNKNOWN |  |
1418 | melbourne ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | the jingoistic attitude of many britons increased disraeli 's political support , and the queen showed her favour by visiting him at hughenden — the first time she had visited the country home of her prime minister since the melbourne ministry . |
1419 | suez portrait | 1 | PERSON | suez portrait of disraeli published in 1873 refer to caption new crowns for old depicts disraeli as abanazar from the pantomime aladdin , offering victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . |
1420 | weather | 1 | NUMBER | conservative chances of re-election were damaged by the poor weather , and consequent effects on agriculture . |
1421 | lord curzon | 1 | PERSON | a later foreign secretary , lord curzon , described the canal in 1909 as " the determining influence of every considerable movement of british power to the east and south of the mediterranean " . |
1422 | almighty | 1 | UNKNOWN | gladstone called several times to enquire about his rival 's condition , and wrote in his diary , " may the almighty be near his pillow . " |
1423 | reign | 1 | PLACE | in the years after disraeli 's death , as salisbury began his reign of more than twenty years over the conservatives , the party emphasised the late leader 's " one nation " views , that the conservatives at root shared the beliefs of the working classes , with the liberals the party of the urban élite . |
1424 | d'israeli | 1 | PERSON | isaac d'israeli had never taken religion very seriously but had remained a conforming member of the synagogue . |
1425 | quickness | 1 | STATE | disraeli 's courage , quickness of wit , capacity for affection , and freedom from sordid motives earned him his position . |
1426 | easter | 1 | PERSON | disraeli had customarily taken the sacrament at easter ; when this day was observed on 17 april , there was discussion among his friends and family if he should be given the opportunity , but those against , fearing that he would lose hope , prevailed . |
1427 | ripon | 1 | PERSON | as he had in government posts , disraeli rewarded old friends with clerical positions , making sydney turner , son of a good friend of isaac d' israeli , dean of ripon . |
1428 | arliss | 1 | PERSON | in 1929 , actor george arliss won the oscar for personifying disraeli 's " paternalistic , kindly , homely statesmanship " . |
1429 | fields | 1 | BALL | disraeli made various statements about his elevation , writing to selina , lady bradford on 8 august 1876 , " i am quite tired of that place " but when asked by a friend how he liked the lords , replied , " i am dead ; dead but in the elysian fields . " |
1430 | john bright | 1 | PERSON | although disraeli forged a personal friendship with john bright , a leading radical , disraeli was unable to persuade bright to sacrifice his distinct position for parliamentary advancement . |
1431 | party leader sir robert peel | 1 | PERSON | he was a loyal supporter of the party leader sir robert peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the chartist movement that most tories did not share . |
1432 | protocol | 1 | SET | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
1433 | policy disraeli | 1 | PERSON | foreign policy disraeli always considered foreign affairs to be the most critical and interesting part of statesmanship . |
1434 | rebels | 1 | PERSON | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
1435 | sexuality | 1 | EMOTION | the critic william kuhn suggests that disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . |
1436 | traditionalist catholicism | 1 | PROPERTY | theravada buddhism * traditionalist catholicism + integralism + ultramontanism * traditionalist school personal variants * |
1437 | families | 1 | INSTANCE | there had been members of parliament ( mps ) from jewish families since sampson gideon in 1770 . |
1438 | discharge | 1 | AMOUNT | derby knew that his " attacks of illness would , at no distant period , incapacitate me from the discharge of my public duties " ; doctors had warned him that his health required his resignation . |
1439 | germany | 1 | PLACE | france * germany * greece * guatemala * |
1440 | lord titchfield | 1 | PERSON | the negotiations were complicated by bentinck 's sudden death on 21 september 1848 , but disraeli obtained a loan of £25,000 from bentinck 's brothers lord henry bentinck and lord titchfield . |
1441 | moment | 1 | PERIOD | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
1442 | panama | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
1443 | tomb | 1 | PERSON | a death mask resembling disraeli disraeli 's death mask a grave disraeli 's tomb at hughenden returning to hughenden , disraeli brooded over his electoral dismissal , but also resumed work on endymion , which he had begun in 1872 and laid aside before the 1874 election . |
1444 | peelite earl | 1 | PERSON | he was replaced by the peelite earl of aberdeen , with gladstone as his chancellor . |
1445 | analyst | 1 | PERSON | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
1446 | belize | 1 | PLACE | belgium * belize * brazil * |
1447 | whig ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | palmerston was deemed essential to any whig ministry , and he would not join any he did not head . |
1448 | malaysia | 1 | PLACE | luxembourg * malaysia * |
1449 | belloc | 1 | PERSON | nordau * belloc * iorga * chesterton * |
1450 | rituals | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
1451 | financier j. d | 1 | UNKNOWN | he became involved with the financier j. d . powles , who was prominent among those encouraging the mining boom . |
1452 | anything | 1 | ANYTHING | indeed , he had objected to murray about croker 's inserting " high tory " sentiment : disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of reform can issue from my pen . " |
1453 | repetition | 1 | ACT | derby was reluctant to seek to unseat the government , fearing a repetition of the who ? |
1454 | agrarianism | 1 | CONCEPT | south korea * taiwan * turkey * ukraine * united kingdom * united states related ideologies * agrarianism * |
1455 | tory policies | 1 | PERSON | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
1456 | industrialists | 1 | PERSON | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
1457 | civil service | 1 | INSTITUTION | civil service disraeli 's failure to appoint samuel wilberforce as bishop of london may have cost him votes in the 1868 election . |
1458 | recruits | 1 | UNKNOWN | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
1459 | satires | 1 | DEVICE | the following year he wrote a series of satires on politicians of the day , which he published in the times under the pen-name " runnymede " . |
1460 | more | 1 | PLACE | he was close to his sister and on affectionate but more distant terms with his surviving brothers . |
1461 | richard assheton cross | 1 | PERSON | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
1462 | horrors | 1 | STATE | he sent a copy to disraeli , who called it " vindictive and ill-written ... of all the bulgarian horrors perhaps the greatest " . |
1463 | aldous | 1 | PERSON | when disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to richard aldous in his book on the rivalry between disraeli and gladstone , " victoria and disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " |
1464 | spengler | 1 | PERSON | spengler * jabotinsky * |
1465 | wars | 1 | EVENT | controversial wars in afghanistan and south africa undermined his public support . |
1466 | podium statue | 1 | PERSON | a statue on a podium statue of disraeli in parliament square , london disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the church of st michael and all angels which stands in the grounds of his home , hughenden manor . |
1467 | recommendation | 1 | SUGGESTION | on the recommendation of the carlton club , disraeli was adopted as a tory parliamentary candidate at the ensuing general election . |
1468 | housing | 1 | ACQUISITION | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
1469 | message | 1 | SPEECH ACT | disraeli declined a visit from the queen , saying , " she would only ask me to take a message to albert . " |
1470 | inextinguishable | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
1471 | robert o' kell | 1 | PERSON | the critic robert o' kell , concurring , writes , " it is after all , even if you are a tory of the staunchest blue , impossible to make disraeli into a first-rate novelist . |
1472 | fun | 1 | PERSON | he wrote to lady bradford that it was just as much work to end a government as to form one , without any of the fun . |
1473 | energy | 1 | ENERGY | disraeli impressed murray with his energy and commitment to the project , but he failed in his key task of persuading the eminent writer john gibson lockhart to edit the paper . |
1474 | brothers lord henry bentinck | 1 | PERSON | the negotiations were complicated by bentinck 's sudden death on 21 september 1848 , but disraeli obtained a loan of £25,000 from bentinck 's brothers lord henry bentinck and lord titchfield . |
1475 | lord rowton | 1 | PERSON | his literary executor was his private secretary , lord rowton . |
1476 | george | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by william ewart gladstone succeeded by george ward hunt |
1477 | stature | 1 | PERSON | she also saw an imperial title as proclaiming britain 's increased stature in the world . |
1478 | count alarcos | 1 | PERSON | the tragedy of count alarcos ( 1839 ) non-fiction * an inquiry into the plans , progress , and policy of the american mining companies ( 1825 ) * lawyers and legislators : or , notes , on the american mining companies ( 1825 ) * |
1479 | april monarch victoria | 1 | PERSON |  |
1480 | linger | 1 | PERSON | five days before the end of the 1876 session of parliament , on 11 august , disraeli was seen to linger and look around the chamber before departing . |
1481 | annals | 1 | UNKNOWN | there were tory dissenters , most notably lord cranborne ( as robert cecil was by then known ) who resigned from the government and spoke against the bill , accusing disraeli of " a political betrayal which has no parallel in our parliamentary annals " . |
1482 | pasco | 1 | PLACE | pasco played disraeli in the itv series number 10 in 1983 . |
1483 | world war | 1 | EVENT | he articulated an imperial role for britain that would last into world war ii and brought an intermittently self-isolated britain into the concert of europe . |
1484 | birmingham | 1 | PLACE | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
1485 | provinces | 1 | ENTITY | in july 1875 serb populations in bosnia and herzegovina , then provinces of the ottoman empire , revolted against the turks , alleging religious persecution and poor administration . |
1486 | publisher john murray | 1 | PERSON | he had made a tentative start : in may 1824 he submitted a manuscript to his father 's friend , the publisher john murray , but withdrew it before murray could decide whether to publish it . |
1487 | british music hall patrons | 1 | PERSON | historian michael diamond asserts that for british music hall patrons in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia and pride in empire " were reflected in the halls ' most popular political heroes : all were conservatives and disraeli stood out above all , even decades after his death , while gladstone was used as a villain . |
1488 | oxford | 1 | INSTITUTION | in june 1853 disraeli was awarded an honorary degree by the university of oxford . |
1489 | risk | 1 | STATEMENT | derby had either to take office or risk damage to his reputation , and he accepted the queen 's commission as prime minister . |
1490 | hong kong | 1 | PERSON | canada * chile * china + hong kong * |
1491 | unification | 1 | TERM | it reflected anti-catholicism of the sort that was popular in britain , and which fueled support for italian unification ( " risorgimento " ) . |
1492 | andrew roberts | 1 | PERSON | salisbury ignored these instructions , which his biographer , andrew roberts deemed " ludicrous " . |
1493 | profligate | 1 | PERSON | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
1494 | urging | 1 | UNKNOWN | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
1495 | representation | 1 | ACT | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
1496 | articles | 1 | ARTICLE | first term main articles : |
1497 | poet | 1 | PERSON | in some of his early fiction disraeli also portrayed himself and what he felt to be his byronic dual nature : the poet and the man of action . |
1498 | grief | 1 | CONDITION | queen victoria was prostrated with grief , and considered ennobling ralph or coningsby as a memorial to disraeli ( without children , his titles became extinct with his death ) , but decided against it on the ground that their means were too small for a peerage . |
1499 | refrain | 1 | EVENT | my father 's refrain always was ' philip carteret webb ' , who was the most eminent solicitor of his boyhood and who was an mp . |
1500 | competition | 1 | EVENT | the corn laws imposed a tariff on imported wheat , protecting british farmers from foreign competition , but making the cost of bread artificially high . |
1501 | works part | 1 | PART |  |
1502 | labourers | 1 | UNKNOWN | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
1503 | lieutenant | 1 | PERSON | continued ill health during his second premiership caused him to contemplate resignation , but his lieutenant , derby , was unwilling , feeling that he could not manage the queen . |
1504 | fierce opponent | 1 | PERSON | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
1505 | episodes | 1 | EVENT | because of his asthma and gout , disraeli went out as little as possible , fearing more serious episodes of illness . |
1506 | borough franchises | 1 | PERMISSION | a stately-looking gentleman in a dark suit , sitting with a book the earl of derby , prime minister 1852 , 1858-59 , 1866-68 in march 1851 , lord john russell 's government was defeated over a bill to equalise the county and borough franchises , mostly because of divisions among his supporters . |
1507 | portrayals | 1 | RESULT | stage and screen actor george arliss was known for his portrayals of disraeli , winning the academy award for best actor for 1929 's disraeli . |
1508 | absence | 1 | ABSENCE | in the absence of a credible party rival and for fear of having an election called on the issue , conservatives felt obliged to support disraeli despite their misgivings . |
1509 | state people | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | welfare state people * disraeli * burke * churchill ( lord randolph ) * churchill ( winston ) * |
1510 | oligarchy | 1 | PERSON | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
1511 | society novel | 1 | EVENT | the trip was financed partly by another high society novel , the young duke , written in 1829-30 . |
1512 | t f maples | 1 | PERSON | t f maples was not only the young disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in-law : isaac and maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for benjamin . |
1513 | profound implications | 1 | PERSON | the split in the tory party over the repeal of the corn laws had profound implications for disraeli 's political career : almost every |
1514 | executors | 1 | PERSON | despite having been offered a state funeral by queen victoria , disraeli 's executors decided against a public procession and funeral , fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour . |
1515 | colleagues | 1 | PERSON | reassured , he wrote to the queen , resigning and recommending disraeli as " only he could command the cordial support , en masse , of his present colleagues " . |
1516 | encouragement disraeli | 1 | PERSON | with lyndhurst 's encouragement disraeli turned to writing propaganda for his newly adopted party . |
1517 | succession | 1 | SUCCESSION | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
1518 | chancel | 1 | SPACE | there is also a memorial to him in the chancel in the church , erected in his honour by queen victoria . |
1519 | drama | 1 | STATE | drama * |
1520 | gaulle | 1 | UNKNOWN | de gaulle * dollfuss * |
1521 | self portrait | 1 | PERSON |  |
1522 | editions disraeli | 1 | PERSON |  |
1523 | portrayal | 1 | RESULT | disraeli as a young man—a retrospective portrayal painted in 1852 |
1524 | flag united kingdom portal | 1 | PERSON | one nation conservatives caucus * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * flag united kingdom portal * v * t * e portrait of benjamin disraeli by john everett millais , 1881 |
1525 | municipalities | 1 | EVENT | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
1526 | sacrament | 1 | CAUSE | disraeli had customarily taken the sacrament at easter ; when this day was observed on 17 april , there was discussion among his friends and family if he should be given the opportunity , but those against , fearing that he would lose hope , prevailed . |
1527 | greasy pole | 1 | PERSON | the new prime minister told those who came to congratulate him , " i have climbed to the top of the greasy pole . " |
1528 | ashkenazi | 1 | PERSON | he also had some ashkenazi jewish ancestors . |
1529 | bomb | 1 | BOMB | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
1530 | ordoliberalism | 1 | CONCEPT | ordoliberalism related topics * anti-communism + white terror * |
1531 | thorold dickinson | 1 | PERSON | john gielgud portrayed disraeli in 1941 , in thorold dickinson 's morale-boosting film the prime minister , which followed the politician from the age of 30 to that of 70 . |
1532 | map | 1 | UNKNOWN | a map . |
1533 | soldiers | 1 | GROUP | on 8 september 1879 sir louis cavagnari , in charge of the mission in kabul , was killed with his entire staff by rebelling afghan soldiers . |
1534 | public worship regulation | 1 | PERSON | he consequently was a strong supporter of the public worship regulation |
1535 | ingredients | 1 | TENDENCY | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
1536 | clerkship | 1 | EVENT | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
1537 | island | 1 | PLACE | nevertheless , the cyprus convention ceding the island to britain was announced during the congress , and again made disraeli a sensation . |
1538 | dominance | 1 | PERSON | the public saw the venture as a daring statement of british dominance of the seas . |
1539 | scruples | 1 | ACT | he recalled : i had some scruples , for even then i dreamed of parliament . |
1540 | disarray | 1 | DEFICIENCY | political plans were thrown into disarray by palmerston 's death on 18 october 1865 . |
1541 | gentleman | 1 | PERSON | a stately-looking gentleman in a dark suit , sitting with a book the earl of derby , prime minister 1852 , 1858-59 , 1866-68 in march 1851 , lord john russell 's government was defeated over a bill to equalise the county and borough franchises , mostly because of divisions among his supporters . |
1542 | matthew arnold | 1 | PERSON | he told matthew arnold , " everybody likes flattery ; and , when you come to royalty , you should lay it on with a trowel " . |
1543 | poets | 1 | UNKNOWN | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
1544 | governing role | 1 | ROLE | when a rebellion broke out in india in 1857 , disraeli took a keen interest , having been a member of a select committee in 1852 which considered how best to rule the subcontinent , and had proposed eliminating the governing role of the british east india company . |
1545 | gaullism | 1 | CONCEPT | fujimorism * gaullism * janismo * kaczyzm * |
1546 | approach | 1 | OPPORTUNITY | some historians have commented on a romantic impulse behind disraeli 's approach to empire and foreign affairs : |
1547 | train | 1 | TRAIN | by one account , when met with russian intransigence , disraeli told his secretary to order a special train to return them home to begin the war . |
1548 | decay | 1 | PROCESS | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
1549 | title page | 1 | DOCUMENT | the cover of a book , entitled " sybil ; or , the two nations " title page of first edition of sybil ( 1845 ) |
1550 | winchester | 1 | PLACE | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
1551 | secure | 1 | UNKNOWN | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
1552 | felony | 1 | PERSON | at the request of the french ambassador , palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . |
1553 | film mrs brown | 1 | PERSON | in the 1997 film mrs brown , disraeli was played by antony sher . |
1554 | antisemitism | 1 | CONCEPT | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
1555 | exchange | 1 | RESULT | released from the law , disraeli did some work for murray , but turned most of his attention to speculative dealing on the stock exchange . |
1556 | tolls | 1 | INSTANCE | the canal was losing money , and an attempt by ferdinand de lesseps , builder of the canal , to raise the tolls had fallen through when the khedive had threatened military force to prevent it , and had also attracted disraeli 's attention . |
1557 | rapport | 1 | RELATIONSHIP | the memory of disraeli was used by the conservatives to appeal to the working classes , with whom he was said to have had a rapport . |
1558 | swain | 1 | PERSON | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
1559 | returns | 1 | STATEMENT | once returns began to be announced , it became clear that the conservatives were decisively beaten . |
1560 | remarks | 1 | ACT | he adds , " before the 1990s...few biographers of disraeli or historians of victorian politics acknowledged the prominence of the antisemitism that accompanied his climb up the greasy pole or its role in shaping his own singular sense of jewishness . " according to michael ragussis : what began in the 1830s as scattered anti-semitic remarks aimed at him by the crowds in his early electioneering became in the 1870s a kind of national scrutiny of his jewishness — a scrutiny that erupted into a kind of anti-semitic attack led by some of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of the time and anchored in the charge that disraeli was a crypto-jew . |
1561 | calling | 1 | PERSON | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
1562 | best seller | 1 | PERSON |  |
1563 | taxes | 1 | UNKNOWN | his proposed budget , which he presented to the commons on 3 december , lowered the taxes on malt and tea , provisions designed to appeal to the working class . |
1564 | property rights | 1 | UNKNOWN | property rights * public morality * |
1565 | paul smith | 1 | PERSON | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
1566 | horthy | 1 | PLACE | baldwin * maurras * horthy * |
1567 | conspirators | 1 | PERSON | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
1568 | world power | 1 | POWER | with coningsby ; or , the new generation ( 1844 ) , disraeli , in blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that england 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " sybil ; or , the two nations was less idealistic than coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . |
1569 | offer | 1 | OFFER | on his advice , gladstone accepted the offer in january 1879 , and later that year began his midlothian campaign , speaking not only in edinburgh , but across britain , attacking disraeli , to huge crowds . |
1570 | gathorne gathorne hardy | 1 | PERSON |  |
1571 | netanyahu | 1 | PERSON | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
1572 | living | 1 | PERSON | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
1573 | film hero | 1 | PERSON | steven fielding has argued that disraeli was an especially popular film hero : " historical dramas favoured disraeli over gladstone and , more substantively , promulgated an essentially deferential view of democratic leadership . " |
1574 | mayfair | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1575 | books | 1 | ENTITY | he wrote regular reports on proceedings in the commons to victoria , who described them as " very curious " and " much in the style of his books " . |
1576 | fascism | 1 | EVENT | clerical fascism * communitarianism * |
1577 | new | 1 | PLACE | disraeli 's sister and brothers adopted the new version of the name ; |
1578 | society | 1 | INSTITUTION | disraeli , then just 23 , did not move in high society , as the numerous solecisms in his book made obvious . |
1579 | princely revenue | 1 | MONEY | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
1580 | irish home rule league | 1 | PERSON | overall , they won 350 seats to 245 for the liberals and 57 for the irish home rule league . |
1581 | paternalism | 1 | TREATMENT | muscular liberalism * noblesse oblige * paternalism * pragmatism * |
1582 | bench | 1 | ENTITY | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
1583 | fundamentalism | 1 | PERSON | family values * fundamentalism * |
1584 | buckinghamshire constituency | 1 | PLACE | in the 1847 general election , disraeli stood , successfully , for the buckinghamshire constituency . |
1585 | howard | 1 | PERSON | baldwin * macmillan * butler * howard * |
1586 | interpretation | 1 | EVENT | the imperialism of his later years was equally superficial : an interpretation of politics without economics . |
1587 | clothes clockwise | 1 | PERSON | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
1588 | de lesseps | 1 | PLACE | the canal was losing money , and an attempt by ferdinand de lesseps , builder of the canal , to raise the tolls had fallen through when the khedive had threatened military force to prevent it , and had also attracted disraeli 's attention . |
1589 | derby disraeli ministry derby | 1 | PERSON |  |
1590 | jews relief act | 1 | ACT | however , until the jews relief act 1858 , mps were required to take the oath of allegiance " on the true faith of a christian " , necessitating at least nominal conversion . |
1591 | zululand main articles | 1 | ARTICLE | afghanistan to zululand main articles : second anglo-afghan war and anglo-zulu war |
1592 | cyprus convention | 1 | PLACE | nevertheless , the cyprus convention ceding the island to britain was announced during the congress , and again made disraeli a sensation . |
1593 | office july | 1 | PERIOD |  |
1594 | edinburgh | 1 | PLACE | on his advice , gladstone accepted the offer in january 1879 , and later that year began his midlothian campaign , speaking not only in edinburgh , but across britain , attacking disraeli , to huge crowds . |
1595 | invasions | 1 | GROUP | as successful invasions of india generally came through afghanistan , the british had observed and sometimes intervened there since the 1830s , hoping to keep the russians out . |
1596 | reshuffle | 1 | INSTANCE | gladstone 's government struggled on , beset by scandal and unimproved by a reshuffle . |
1597 | sanitation | 1 | PLACE | according to one study , " better sanitation was enforced throughout scotland . " |
1598 | dugin | 1 | UNKNOWN | hoppe * dugin * peterson politicians * |
1599 | reading | 1 | PROPERTY | he was defeated by 19 votes on the second reading , with many liberals crossing the aisle against him . |
1600 | stock | 1 | PERSON | released from the law , disraeli did some work for murray , but turned most of his attention to speculative dealing on the stock exchange . |
1601 | criticism | 1 | ACT | disraeli 's biographer jonathan parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " |
1602 | factory act | 1 | ACT | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
1603 | traders | 1 | PERSON | the first months of 1846 were dominated by a battle in parliament between the free traders and the protectionists over the repeal of the corn laws , with the latter rallying around disraeli and lord george bentinck . |
1604 | entirety | 1 | UNKNOWN | he rejected the concept in its entirety . " |
1605 | mistakes | 1 | EVENT | disraeli circa 1870 given gladstone 's majority in the commons , disraeli could do little but protest as the government advanced legislation ; he chose to await liberal mistakes . |
1606 | francoism | 1 | CONCEPT | chiangism * erdoğanism * francoism * |
1607 | overall | 1 | GARMENT | disraeli 's overall purpose was to enact policies which would benefit the working classes , making his party more attractive to them . |
1608 | retirement | 1 | ACT | upon derby 's retirement in 1868 , disraeli became prime minister briefly before losing that year 's general election . |
1609 | few | 1 | UNKNOWN | at that time , british politics were dominated by the aristocracy , with a few powerful commoners . |
1610 | cases | 1 | STUDY | the whigs derived from the coalition of lords who had forced through the bill of rights 1689 and in some cases were their descendants . |
1611 | transvaal | 1 | UNKNOWN | british policy in south africa was to encourage federation between the british-run cape colony and natal , and the boer republics , the transvaal ( annexed by britain in 1877 ) and the orange free state . |
1612 | radziwill palace | 1 | PERSON | the treaty of berlin was signed on 13 july 1878 at the radziwill palace in berlin . |
1613 | mores | 1 | SET | norms + customs + mores * ordered liberty * |
1614 | solecisms | 1 | CONCEPT | disraeli , then just 23 , did not move in high society , as the numerous solecisms in his book made obvious . |
1615 | maurrassisme | 1 | UNKNOWN | maurrassisme * mellismo * metaxism * |
1616 | kuehnelt leddihn | 1 | UNKNOWN |  |
1617 | curzon street | 1 | PLACE | disraeli 's last confirmed words before dying at his home at 19 curzon street in the early morning of 19 april were " i had rather live but i am not afraid to die " . |
1618 | spouse mary anne evans ​ ​ | 1 | PERSON | spouse mary anne evans ​ ​ ( m. 1839 ; died 1872 ) ​ parents * |
1619 | picture | 1 | PICTURE | the interruptions were fewer , as gladstone gained control of the house , and in the next two hours painted a picture of disraeli as frivolous and his budget as subversive . |
1620 | writer r. w. stewart | 1 | PERSON | the writer r. w. stewart observed that there have always been two criteria for judging disraeli 's novels— political and artistic . |
1621 | qutb | 1 | UNKNOWN | qutb * kuehnelt-leddihn * |
1622 | spells | 1 | LANGUAGE | he was backed by his party , hungry for office and its emoluments after almost thirty years with only brief spells in government . |
1623 | gorst | 1 | PERSON | disraeli had supported the efforts of party manager john eldon gorst to put the administration of the conservative party on a modern basis . |
1624 | notice | 1 | AMOUNT | disraeli was highly gratified by the dispute , which propelled him to general public notice for the first time . |
1625 | ziaism national variants | 1 | ABILITY | sarkozysm * thatcherism * trumpism * ziaism national variants * |
1626 | schooling | 1 | PROCESS | details of his schooling are sketchy . |
1627 | buccleuch | 1 | UNKNOWN | the small scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the conservative duke of buccleuch and the liberal earl of rosebery . |
1628 | accent | 1 | PROCESS | by one account , the british ambassador in berlin , lord odo russell , hoping to spare the delegates disraeli 's very poor french accent , told disraeli that the congress was hoping to hear a speech in english by one of its masters . |
1629 | sir charles wood | 1 | WOOD | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1630 | lord melbourne | 1 | PERSON | by the time of his second premiership , disraeli had built a strong relationship with victoria , probably closer to her than any of her prime ministers except her first , lord melbourne . |
1631 | recess | 1 | ACT | the whigs were wracked by internal dissensions during the second half of 1851 , much of which parliament spent in recess . |
1632 | widow | 1 | PERSON | a portrait of a young woman with elaborately styled brown hair , tied up with a blue bow mary anne lewis c. 1820-30 in 1839 disraeli married mary anne lewis , the widow of wyndham lewis . |
1633 | trowel | 1 | TOOL | he told matthew arnold , " everybody likes flattery ; and , when you come to royalty , you should lay it on with a trowel " . |
1634 | foundation | 1 | SUBSTANCE | he had far-reaching schemes but little administrative ability , and there was some foundation for napoleon |
1635 | realities | 1 | PERSON | in parry 's view , disraeli 's foreign policy " can be seen as a gigantic castle in the air ( as it was by gladstone ) , or as an overdue attempt to force the british commercial classes to awaken to the realities of european politics . " |
1636 | self interest | 1 | ELEMENT |  |
1637 | papacy | 1 | EVENT | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
1638 | statesmen | 1 | PERSON | this diplomatic victory established disraeli as one of europe 's leading statesmen . |
1639 | picketing | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
1640 | harmony | 1 | PERSON | the films created " a facsimile world where existing values were invariably validated by events in the film and where all discord could be turned into harmony by an acceptance of the status quo " . |
1641 | confrontation | 1 | ACT | roland quinault , however , cautions not to exaggerate the confrontation : they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers . |
1642 | institutions | 1 | INSTITUTION | social institutions * |
1643 | approval | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | to roaring approval , he compared the liberal front bench to " a range of exhausted volcanoes... |
1644 | everybody | 1 | UNKNOWN | he told matthew arnold , " everybody likes flattery ; and , when you come to royalty , you should lay it on with a trowel " . |
1645 | videos video | 1 | NUMBER | external videos video icon booknotes interview with stanley weintraub on disraeli : a biography , february 6 , 1994 , c-span stanley weintraub , in his biography of disraeli , points out that his subject did much to advance britain towards the 20th century , carrying one of the two great reform acts of the 19th despite the opposition of his liberal rival , gladstone . |
1646 | influx | 1 | ACT | peel hoped that the repeal of the corn laws and the resultant influx of cheaper wheat into britain would relieve the condition of the poor , and in particular the great famine caused by successive failure of potato crops in ireland . |
1647 | emoluments | 1 | INSTANCE | he was backed by his party , hungry for office and its emoluments after almost thirty years with only brief spells in government . |
1648 | victorian britain | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's literary and political career interacted over his lifetime and fascinated victorian britain , making him " one of the most eminent figures in victorian public life " , and occasioned a large output of commentary . |
1649 | eminence | 1 | PERSON | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
1650 | discussion | 1 | EVENT | disraeli had customarily taken the sacrament at easter ; when this day was observed on 17 april , there was discussion among his friends and family if he should be given the opportunity , but those against , fearing that he would lose hope , prevailed . |
1651 | disraeli government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | in its short life , the first disraeli government passed noncontroversial laws . |
1652 | caricature | 1 | PERSON | disraeli left an unfinished novel in which the priggish central character , falconet , is unmistakably a caricature of gladstone . |
1653 | st michael | 1 | PLACE | a statue on a podium statue of disraeli in parliament square , london disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the church of st michael and all angels which stands in the grounds of his home , hughenden manor . |
1654 | jude | 1 | PERSON | in berlin , word spread of bismarck 's admiring description of disraeli , " der alte jude , das ist der mann ! |
1655 | june william iv | 1 | PERSON |  |
1656 | employer | 1 | PERSON | t f maples was not only the young disraeli 's employer and a friend of his father , but also his prospective father-in-law : isaac and maples considered that the latter 's only daughter might be a suitable match for benjamin . |
1657 | labour party meetings | 1 | ACTIVITY | even workers attending labour party meetings deferred to leaders with an elevated social background who showed they cared . " |
1658 | sarah bradford | 1 | PERSON | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . |
1659 | general election | 1 | POWER | upon derby 's retirement in 1868 , disraeli became prime minister briefly before losing that year 's general election . |
1660 | idonisian eclogue | 1 | UNKNOWN | too much so ; in the pride of boyish erudition , i edited the idonisian eclogue of theocritus , wh . was privately printed . |
1661 | poland | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
1662 | margin | 1 | GROUP | despite rumours about palmerston 's health as he turned 80 , he remained personally popular , and the liberals increased their margin in the july 1865 general election . |
1663 | conservative duke | 1 | PERSON | the small scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the conservative duke of buccleuch and the liberal earl of rosebery . |
1664 | young england | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1665 | patriarchalism | 1 | CONCEPT | patriarchy + patriarchalism * |
1666 | green | 1 | PERSON | corporatist * cultural * fiscal * green * |
1667 | david butler | 1 | PERSON | ian mcshane starred in the four-part 1978 atv miniseries disraeli : portrait of a romantic , written by david butler . |
1668 | legacy | 1 | PERSON | at her death in 1865 , she left him a large legacy , which helped clear his debts . |
1669 | pains | 1 | CONDITION | over time , her dislike softened , especially as disraeli took pains to cultivate her . |
1670 | admiration | 1 | EVENT | from the liberal benches too there was admiration . |
1671 | portraits | 1 | IMAGE | three portraits ; a man and two women disraeli 's father , mother and sister — |
1672 | name beaconsfield | 1 | PLACE | the name beaconsfield , a town near hughenden , was given to a minor character in vivian grey . |
1673 | election results | 1 | RESULT | in the wake of the poor election results , derby predicted to disraeli that neither of them would ever hold office again . |
1674 | tory schism | 1 | PERSON | the new house of commons had more conservative than whig members , but the depth of the tory schism enabled russell to continue to govern . |
1675 | leader in waiting | 1 | AMOUNT |  |
1676 | dictatorship | 1 | EVENT | right-wing politics + alt + authoritarianism + centre + dictatorship + far + new * small-c conservative * toryism * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * v * t * e novels * vivian grey ( 1826 , revised 1853 ) * |
1677 | inquiry | 1 | ACT | the tragedy of count alarcos ( 1839 ) non-fiction * an inquiry into the plans , progress , and policy of the american mining companies ( 1825 ) * lawyers and legislators : or , notes , on the american mining companies ( 1825 ) * |
1678 | mary anne disraeli | 1 | PERSON | in addition to the viscounty bestowed on mary anne disraeli , the earldom of beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on edmund burke in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . |
1679 | relations | 1 | RELATION | even then their personal relations remained fairly cordial until their dispute over the eastern question in the later 1870s . |
1680 | woman | 1 | PERSON | a portrait of a young woman with elaborately styled brown hair , tied up with a blue bow mary anne lewis c. 1820-30 in 1839 disraeli married mary anne lewis , the widow of wyndham lewis . |
1681 | sub title | 1 | ACTION |  |
1682 | mourners | 1 | PERSON | the chief mourners at the service at hughenden on 26 |
1683 | day boy | 1 | PERSON | from the age of about six he was a day boy at a dame school in islington , which one of his biographers described as " for those days a very high-class establishment " . |
1684 | foot fight | 1 | PERSON | balkans and bulgaria cavalry wielding sabres fight men with guns on foot fight in |
1685 | exchanges | 1 | RESULT | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
1686 | morality | 1 | EVENT | property rights * public morality * |
1687 | pinochet | 1 | PERSON | pinochet * marcos * park * smith * |
1688 | south american | 1 | PLACE | there was at the time a boom in shares in south american mining companies . |
1689 | independent governments | 1 | GOVERNMENT | at the urging of george canning the british government recognised the new independent governments of argentina ( 1824 ) , colombia and mexico ( both 1825 ) . |
1690 | chartism | 1 | CONCEPT | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
1691 | surname | 1 | PORTION | the year after joining maples ' firm , benjamin changed his surname from d' israeli to disraeli . |
1692 | attempts | 1 | ACTION | after several unsuccessful attempts , disraeli entered the house of commons in 1837 . |
1693 | liverpool | 1 | PLACE | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
1694 | hope | 1 | EVENT | there , he told the gathered crowd , " lord salisbury and i have brought you back peace— but a peace i hope with honour . " |
1695 | lord roberts | 1 | PERSON | under lord roberts , the british easily defeated them and installed a new ruler , leaving a mission and garrison in kabul . |
1696 | fess sable | 1 | PERSON | per saltire gules and argent a castle triple-towered in chief argent two lions rampant in fess sable and an eagle displayed in base or . |
1697 | road | 1 | PLACE | king 's road , bedford row , bloomsbury , london , the second child and eldest son of isaac d' israeli , a literary critic and historian , and maria ( miriam ) , née basevi . |
1698 | john wilson croker | 1 | PERSON | whig pamphlet edited by john wilson croker and published by murray entitled england and france : or a cure for ministerial gallomania . |
1699 | shrewsbury | 1 | PLACE | finding the financial demands of his maidstone seat too much , disraeli secured a tory nomination for shrewsbury , winning one of the constituency 's two seats at the 1841 general election , despite serious opposition , and heavy debts which opponents seized on . |
1700 | depiction | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | a depiction of the battle of kandahar , fought in 1880 . |
1701 | converts | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | herbert predicted that the budget would fail because " jews make no converts " . |
1702 | socialism | 1 | GROUP | conservative feminism * conservative socialism * conservative wave * |
1703 | argues | 1 | UNKNOWN | historians differ on disraeli 's motives for rewriting his family history : bernard glassman argues that it was intended to give him status comparable to that of england 's ruling elite ; |
1704 | gravity | 1 | PERSON | despite the gravity of disraeli 's condition , the doctors concocted optimistic bulletins for public consumption . |
1705 | jem | 1 | PERSON | isaac , maria and sarah disraeli 's siblings were sarah , naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph and james ( " jem " ) . |
1706 | identity | 1 | PERSON | collective identity * |
1707 | everything | 1 | ACTIVITY | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
1708 | output | 1 | ARTIFACT | disraeli 's literary and political career interacted over his lifetime and fascinated victorian britain , making him " one of the most eminent figures in victorian public life " , and occasioned a large output of commentary . |
1709 | dissension | 1 | CONDITION | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
1710 | lord granby | 1 | PERSON | in the aftermath of the debate bentinck resigned the leadership and was succeeded by lord granby ; disraeli 's speech , thought by many of his own party to be blasphemous , ruled him out for the time being . |
1711 | june disraeli | 1 | PERSON |  |
1712 | comments | 1 | EVENT | walsh comments on disraeli 's multifaceted public life : |
1713 | disagreement | 1 | EVENT | in this , he came into disagreement with the queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband albert preferred broad church teachings . |
1714 | black conservatism | 1 | ATTITUDE | black conservatism + us * catholic social teaching * clericalism * |
1715 | affiliations young england | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1716 | cameronism | 1 | CONCEPT | berlusconism * bukelism * cameronism * |
1717 | wall | 1 | RESOURCE | in later years , the german chancellor would show visitors to his office three pictures on the wall : " the portrait of my sovereign , there on the right that of my wife , and on the left , there , that of lord beaconsfield " . |
1718 | handling | 1 | AMOUNT | the party truce ended in 1864 , with tories outraged over palmerston 's handling of the territorial dispute between the german confederation and denmark known as the schleswig-holstein question . |
1719 | home secretary | 1 | PERSON | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
1720 | tutor | 1 | INSTITUTION | after this i was with a private tutor for two years in my own county , & my education was severely classical . |
1721 | inspectors | 1 | PERSON | act instituted sanitary inspectors and medical officers . |
1722 | leap | 1 | PERSON | with what derby cautioned was " a leap in the dark " , disraeli had outflanked the liberals who , as the supposed champions of reform , dared not oppose him . |
1723 | solicitors | 1 | PERSON | on their return to england he left the solicitors , at the suggestion of maples , with the aim of qualifying as a barrister . |
1724 | crimean war | 1 | EVENT | the start of the crimean war in 1854 caused a lull in party politics ; |
1725 | edition | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the cover of a book , entitled " sybil ; or , the two nations " title page of first edition of sybil ( 1845 ) |
1726 | dr cogan | 1 | PERSON | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
1727 | emperor | 1 | PERSON | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
1728 | india secretary lord | 1 | PERSON | this meant that the chief conservatives— disraeli , salisbury , and india secretary lord cranbrook— would not be heard from . |
1729 | re telling | 1 | STATEMENT |  |
1730 | halls | 1 | PERSON | historian michael diamond asserts that for british music hall patrons in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia and pride in empire " were reflected in the halls ' most popular political heroes : all were conservatives and disraeli stood out above all , even decades after his death , while gladstone was used as a villain . |
1731 | western plutocrat | 1 | PLACE | critic shane leslie noted three decades after his death that " disraeli 's career was a romance such as no eastern vizier or western plutocrat could tell . |
1732 | invasion | 1 | GROUP | in the event of another rebellion in india or a russian invasion , the time saved at suez might be crucial . |
1733 | protectionist features | 1 | ARTIFACT | although the budget did not contain protectionist features , the opposition was prepared to destroy it— and disraeli 's career as chancellor—in part out of revenge for his actions against peel in 1846 . |
1734 | sideburns lord robert cecil | 1 | PERSON | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
1735 | comte de chaudordy | 1 | PERSON | four men international delegates at the constantinople conference : clockwise from top left , saffet pasha ( turkey ) , general ignatieff ( russia ) , lord salisbury ( britain ) and the comte de chaudordy ( france ) |
1736 | women friends | 1 | PERSON | two men and two women friends and allies of disraeli in the 1830s : clockwise from top left — |
1737 | examination | 1 | PERIOD | gladstone in 1870 had sponsored an order in council , introducing competitive examination into the civil service , diminishing the political aspects of government hiring . |
1738 | american civil war | 1 | EVENT | when the american civil war began in 1861 , disraeli said little publicly , but like most englishmen expected the south to win . |
1739 | orbán | 1 | PERSON | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
1740 | élite | 1 | PERSON | in the years after disraeli 's death , as salisbury began his reign of more than twenty years over the conservatives , the party emphasised the late leader 's " one nation " views , that the conservatives at root shared the beliefs of the working classes , with the liberals the party of the urban élite . |
1741 | suez canal share purchase | 1 | PLACE | sir ian malcolm described the suez canal share purchase as " the greatest romance of mr . disraeli 's romantic career " . |
1742 | sensibility | 1 | VALUE | with coningsby ; or , the new generation ( 1844 ) , disraeli , in blake 's view , " infused the novel genre with political sensibility , espousing the belief that england 's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard , but on youthful , idealistic politicians . " sybil ; or , the two nations was less idealistic than coningsby ; the " two nations " of its sub-title referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes . |
1743 | conduct | 1 | ACT | the british military efforts were marked by bungling , and in 1855 a restive parliament considered a resolution to establish a committee on the conduct of the war . |
1744 | origin | 1 | PERSON | his name shows that he is of jewish origin . |
1745 | degree | 1 | PROCESS | in june 1853 disraeli was awarded an honorary degree by the university of oxford . |
1746 | security | 1 | FORCE | in the following decades , the security of the suez canal became a major concern of british foreign policy . |
1747 | revolutionary epick | 1 | UNKNOWN | 3. tancred , or the new crusade ( 1847 ) poetry * the revolutionary epick ( 1834 ) |
1748 | farmer | 1 | PERSON | in the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the united states , grain prices remained low . |
1749 | taunton constituency | 1 | PERSON | he did not defeat the incumbent whig member , henry labouchere , but the taunton constituency was regarded as unwinnable by the tories . |
1750 | new zealand | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
1751 | feet | 1 | FOOT | as mps prepared to divide , gladstone rose to his feet and began an angry speech , despite the efforts of tory mps to shout him down . |
1752 | three quarters | 1 | EVENT |  |
1753 | bush | 1 | PERSON | thatcher * kohl * fujimori * bush * trump * |
1754 | scholar | 1 | PERSON | dr cogan , a greek scholar of eminence , who had contributed notes to the a schylus of bishop blomfield , & was himself the editor of the greek gnostic poets . |
1755 | royalism | 1 | CONCEPT | monarchism + royalism * moral absolutism * natalism * |
1756 | dollfuss | 1 | PLACE | de gaulle * dollfuss * |
1757 | depictions | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | disraeli 's early " silver fork " novels vivian grey ( 1826 ) and the young duke ( 1831 ) featured romanticised depictions of aristocratic life ( despite his ignorance of it ) with character sketches of well-known public figures lightly disguised . |
1758 | metternich | 1 | PERSON | his detachment from english prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in europe . |
1759 | le bon | 1 | PERSON | taine * le bon * |
1760 | split | 1 | PLACE | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
1761 | occupation | 1 | GROUP | in advance of the conference , disraeli sent salisbury private word to seek british military occupation of bulgaria and bosnia , and british control of the ottoman army . |
1762 | british politics | 1 | ACTION | at that time , british politics were dominated by the aristocracy , with a few powerful commoners . |
1763 | guns | 1 | DEVICE | balkans and bulgaria cavalry wielding sabres fight men with guns on foot fight in |
1764 | liberal amendments | 1 | EVENT | even as disraeli accepted liberal amendments ( although pointedly refusing those moved by gladstone ) that further lowered the property qualification , cranborne was unable to lead an effective rebellion . |
1765 | taine | 1 | PERSON | taine * le bon * |
1766 | display | 1 | PERSON | in blake 's words , " found himself almost the only figure on his side capable of putting up the oratorical display essential for a parliamentary leader . " |
1767 | montagu corry | 1 | PERSON | among the honours he arranged before resigning as prime minister on 21 april 1880 was one for his private secretary , montagu corry , who became baron rowton . |
1768 | information | 1 | INFORMATION | role of his jewishness further information : |
1769 | journey | 1 | PERSON | the journey encouraged his self-consciousness , his moral relativism , and his interest in eastern racial and religious attitudes . " |
1770 | squire | 1 | PERSON | byronic hero , man of letters , social critic , parliamentary virtuoso , squire of hughenden , royal companion , european statesman . |
1771 | putinism | 1 | CONCEPT | powellism * pinochetism * putinism * |
1772 | infirmities | 1 | CONDITION | owing to his infirmities , disraeli was 45 minutes late for the lord mayor 's dinner at the guild hall in november , at which it is customary that the prime minister speaks . |
1773 | past | 1 | PERIOD | in the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the united states , grain prices remained low . |
1774 | half | 1 | PLACE | the whigs were wracked by internal dissensions during the second half of 1851 , much of which parliament spent in recess . |
1775 | february prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE |  |
1776 | sigh | 1 | PERSON | gladstone , disraeli stated , dominated the scene and " alternated between a menace and a sigh " . |
1777 | robert cecil | 1 | PERSON | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
1778 | erudition | 1 | ACT | too much so ; in the pride of boyish erudition , i edited the idonisian eclogue of theocritus , wh . was privately printed . |
1779 | sons | 1 | PERSON | nevertheless , disraeli made fewer peers ( only 22 , including one of victoria 's sons ) than had gladstone ( 37 during his just over five years in office ) . |
1780 | birthday | 1 | GROUP | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
1781 | sir robert napier | 1 | PERSON | ii of ethiopia under sir robert napier . |
1782 | midst | 1 | PLACE | gladstone was then in the midst of his campaign . |
1783 | house tax | 1 | PERSON | to make his budget revenue-neutral , as funds were needed to provide defences against the french , he doubled the house tax and continued the income tax . |
1784 | province | 1 | PLACE | before his leadership of the conservative party , imperialism was the province of the liberals , most notably palmerston . |
1785 | liking | 1 | LANGUAGE | disraeli and lyndhurst took an immediate liking to each other . |
1786 | brother ralph | 1 | PERSON | april were his brother ralph and nephew coningsby , to whom hughenden would eventually pass ; gathorne gathorne-hardy , viscount cranbrook , despite most of disraeli 's former cabinet being present , was notably absent in italy . |
1787 | sight | 1 | CONCLUSION | it draws on the events of his affair with henrietta sykes to tell the story of a debt-ridden young man torn between a mercenary loveless marriage and a passionate love at first sight for the eponymous heroine . |
1788 | sarah brydges willyams | 1 | PERSON | the disraeli vault also contains the body of sarah brydges willyams , the wife of james brydges willyams of st mawgan . |
1789 | prejudices | 1 | PERSON | his detachment from english prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in europe . |
1790 | theory | 1 | COGNITIVE STATE | further he wrote a discourse on political theory and a political biography , the life of lord george bentinck , which is excellent ... remarkably fair and accurate . " |
1791 | albert | 1 | PERSON | in this , he came into disagreement with the queen , who out of loyalty to her late husband albert preferred broad church teachings . |
1792 | viewpoint | 1 | POSITION | film historian roy armes has argued that historical films helped maintain the political status quo in britain in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment viewpoint that emphasized the greatness of monarchy , empire , and tradition . |
1793 | week | 1 | PERIOD | parliament was dissolved on 24 march ; the first borough constituencies began voting a week later . |
1794 | promotion | 1 | RESULT | he favoured low church clergymen in promotion , disliking other movements in anglicanism for political reasons . |
1795 | door | 1 | ACT | at the door of 10 downing street , disraeli received flowers sent by the queen . |
1796 | unpopularity | 1 | PROPERTY | because of disraeli 's unpopularity among the peelites , no party reconciliation was possible while he remained tory leader in the commons . |
1797 | evola | 1 | PERSON | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
1798 | leadership peel | 1 | PERSON | bentinck and the leadership peel successfully steered the repeal of the corn laws through parliament and was then defeated by an alliance of his enemies on the issue of irish law and order ; he resigned in june 1846 . |
1799 | corporatism | 1 | CONCEPT | conservative liberalism * corporatism * |
1800 | militants | 1 | PERSON | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
1801 | requisites | 1 | UNKNOWN | he possesses all the necessary requisites of perfidy , selfishness , depravity , want of principle , etc. , which would qualify him for the change . |
1802 | topics | 1 | EVENT | ordoliberalism related topics * anti-communism + white terror * |
1803 | rescue | 1 | TOOL | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
1804 | duality | 1 | ACT | it is subtitled " a psychological autobiography " and depicts the conflicting elements of its hero 's character : the duality of northern and mediterranean ancestry , the dreaming artist and the bold man of action . |
1805 | last | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli wrote novels throughout his career , beginning in 1826 , and published his last completed novel , endymion , shortly before he died at the age of 76 . |
1806 | natcon | 1 | UNKNOWN | natcon * nativism * para-fascism * |
1807 | bow mary anne lewis | 1 | PERSON | a portrait of a young woman with elaborately styled brown hair , tied up with a blue bow mary anne lewis c. 1820-30 in 1839 disraeli married mary anne lewis , the widow of wyndham lewis . |
1808 | financing | 1 | QUANTITY | while these intrigues played out , disraeli was working with the bentinck family to secure the necessary financing to purchase hughenden manor , in buckinghamshire . |
1809 | babble | 1 | PLACE | disraeli called them " coffee-house babble " and dismissed allegations of torture by the ottomans since " oriental people usually terminate their connections with culprits in a more expeditious fashion " . |
1810 | ottoman sultan | 1 | PERSON | at the end of january 1878 , the ottoman sultan appealed to britain to save constantinople . |
1811 | partition | 1 | PLACE | the prime minister wanted a deal with the ottomans whereby britain would temporarily occupy strategic areas to deter the russians from war , to be returned on the signing of a peace treaty , but found little support in his cabinet , which favoured partition of the ottoman empire . |
1812 | modernisation | 1 | UNKNOWN | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
1813 | background | 1 | INFORMATION | the family was mostly from italy , of sephardic jewish mercantile background . |
1814 | china | 1 | PLACE | canada * chile * china + hong kong * |
1815 | mann | 1 | PERSON | in berlin , word spread of bismarck 's admiring description of disraeli , " der alte jude , das ist der mann ! |
1816 | horizons | 1 | PLACE | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
1817 | absentees | 1 | EVENT | disraeli had little help from derby , who was ill , but he united the party enough on a no-confidence vote to limit the government to a majority of 18— tory defections and absentees kept palmerston in office . |
1818 | cartoonists | 1 | PERSON | todd endelman points out that " the link between jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that victorian political cartoonists regularly drew benjamin disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his jewishness . " |
1819 | one nation conservatism | 1 | PERSON |  |
1820 | dukedom | 1 | UNKNOWN | the queen offered him a dukedom , which he declined , though accepting the garter , as long as salisbury also received it . |
1821 | low | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | after this unpromising start disraeli kept a low profile for the rest of the parliamentary session . |
1822 | suez | 1 | PERSON | disraeli arranged for the british to purchase a major interest in the suez canal company in egypt . |
1823 | bevis marks synagogue | 1 | PERSON | following a quarrel in 1813 with the bevis marks synagogue , his father renounced judaism and had the four children baptised into the church of england in july and august 1817 . |
1824 | courts | 1 | EVENT | disraeli 's government introduced a new factory act meant to protect workers , the conspiracy , and protection of property act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 86 ) , which allowed peaceful picketing , and the employers and workmen act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 90 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts . |
1825 | model | 1 | STYLE | in the event , the speech was a model of its kind , in which he avoided comment on disraeli 's politics while praising his personal qualities . |
1826 | request | 1 | REQUEST | at the request of the french ambassador , palmerston proposed amending the conspiracy to murder statute to make creating an infernal device a felony . |
1827 | executor | 1 | PERSON | his literary executor was his private secretary , lord rowton . |
1828 | knowledge | 1 | STATE | disraeli , his closest ally , was his second choice and accepted , though disclaiming any great knowledge in the financial field . |
1829 | montefiores | 1 | UNKNOWN | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
1830 | lgbt conservatism | 1 | ATTITUDE | hispanic conservatism + us * lgbt conservatism * |
1831 | works list | 1 | LOCATION | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
1832 | taxation | 1 | MONEY | it remained the established church and was funded by direct taxation , which was greatly resented by the catholics and presbyterians . |
1833 | works | 1 | UNKNOWN | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
1834 | sensation | 1 | ACTION | nevertheless , the cyprus convention ceding the island to britain was announced during the congress , and again made disraeli a sensation . |
1835 | resignation honours | 1 | UNKNOWN | despite his public confidence , disraeli recognised that the conservatives would probably lose the next election and was already contemplating his resignation honours . |
1836 | clerk | 1 | PERSON | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
1837 | governing coalition | 1 | GROUP | ministry and knowing that shared dislike of disraeli was part of what had formed the governing coalition . |
1838 | techniques | 1 | TECHNIQUE | the earl , a friend of both disraeli and gladstone who would succeed the latter after his final term as prime minister , had journeyed to the united states to view politics there , and was convinced that aspects of american electioneering techniques could be translated to britain . |
1839 | royal titles act main article | 1 | ARTICLE | royal titles act main article : royal titles |
1840 | liberal party leader william ewart gladstone | 1 | PERSON | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
1841 | help | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli may have been attracted to the office by the £5,000 annual salary , which would help pay his debts . |
1842 | reticent | 1 | UNKNOWN | less reticent were palmerston , gladstone , and russell , whose statements in support of the south contributed to years of hard feelings in the united states . |
1843 | natalism | 1 | CONCEPT | monarchism + royalism * moral absolutism * natalism * |
1844 | meloni religion | 1 | PERSON | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
1845 | sense | 1 | EVENT | he has lugged up that great omnibus full of stupid , heavy , country gentlemen--i only say ' stupid ' in the parliamentary sense -and has converted these conservative into radical reformers . |
1846 | nordau | 1 | PERSON | nordau * belloc * iorga * chesterton * |
1847 | boroughs | 1 | ESTATE | it eliminated rotten boroughs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants , and granted constituencies to 15 unrepresented towns , with extra representation to large municipalities such as liverpool and manchester . |
1848 | san stefano treaty | 1 | PLACE | bulgaria as constituted under the san stefano treaty and as divided at berlin with the russians close to constantinople , the turks yielded and in march 1878 , signed the treaty of san stefano , conceding a bulgarian state covering a large part of the balkans . |
1849 | duty | 1 | ATTITUDE | duty * elitism + aristocracy + meritocracy + noblesse oblige * |
1850 | insight | 1 | COGNITIVE STATE | his detachment from english prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in europe . |
1851 | contemplation | 1 | STATE | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
1852 | francis grant | 1 | PERSON | a young man of vaguely semitic appearance , with long and curly black hair portrait of benjamin disraeli by francis grant . |
1853 | noblemen | 1 | UNKNOWN | the small scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the conservative duke of buccleuch and the liberal earl of rosebery . |
1854 | wight | 1 | EVENT | disraeli went to osborne house on the isle of wight , where the queen asked him to form a government . |
1855 | decisions | 1 | DECISION | in response , gladstone denied that personal feelings played any role in his decisions then and previously whether to accept office , while acknowledging that there were differences between him and derby " broader than you may have supposed " . |
1856 | selfishness | 1 | QUALITY | he possesses all the necessary requisites of perfidy , selfishness , depravity , want of principle , etc. , which would qualify him for the change . |
1857 | baron rothschild | 1 | PERSON | in 1884 nathan mayer rothschild , 1st baron rothschild , became the first jewish member of the british house of lords ; |
1858 | third derby disraeli ministry after derby | 1 | PERSON |  |
1859 | reform acts | 1 | ACT | external videos video icon booknotes interview with stanley weintraub on disraeli : a biography , february 6 , 1994 , c-span stanley weintraub , in his biography of disraeli , points out that his subject did much to advance britain towards the 20th century , carrying one of the two great reform acts of the 19th despite the opposition of his liberal rival , gladstone . |
1860 | refer | 1 | UNKNOWN | suez portrait of disraeli published in 1873 refer to caption new crowns for old depicts disraeli as abanazar from the pantomime aladdin , offering victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . |
1861 | budget disraeli | 1 | PERSON | budget disraeli 's task as chancellor was to devise a budget which would satisfy the protectionist elements who supported the tories , without uniting the free-traders against it . |
1862 | staff | 1 | GOVERNMENT | on 8 september 1879 sir louis cavagnari , in charge of the mission in kabul , was killed with his entire staff by rebelling afghan soldiers . |
1863 | pantomime aladdin | 1 | PERSON | suez portrait of disraeli published in 1873 refer to caption new crowns for old depicts disraeli as abanazar from the pantomime aladdin , offering victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . |
1864 | naphtali | 1 | PERSON | isaac , maria and sarah disraeli 's siblings were sarah , naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph and james ( " jem " ) . |
1865 | pakistan | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
1866 | wife mary anne viscountess | 1 | PERSON | at his first departure from 10 downing street in 1868 , disraeli had victoria make his wife mary anne viscountess |
1867 | results | 1 | RESULT | in the wake of the poor election results , derby predicted to disraeli that neither of them would ever hold office again . |
1868 | sir francis sykes | 1 | PERSON | in 1834 he was introduced to the former lord chancellor , lord lyndhurst , by henrietta sykes , wife of sir francis sykes . |
1869 | irish catholics | 1 | PERSON | this divided the liberals , and on 12 march an alliance of conservatives and irish catholics defeated the government by three votes . |
1870 | forebears | 1 | UNKNOWN | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
1871 | recovery | 1 | DECISION | public support for disraeli was shown by cheering at a thanksgiving service in 1872 on the recovery of the prince of wales from illness , while gladstone was met with silence . |
1872 | detachment | 1 | UNIT | his detachment from english prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in europe . |
1873 | rump bereft | 1 | PERSON | tory politician with experience of office followed peel , leaving the rump bereft of leadership . |
1874 | mary anne lewis | 1 | PERSON | a portrait of a young woman with elaborately styled brown hair , tied up with a blue bow mary anne lewis c. 1820-30 in 1839 disraeli married mary anne lewis , the widow of wyndham lewis . |
1875 | hopes | 1 | EVENT | despite this pessimism , conservatives hopes were buoyed in early 1880 with successes in by-elections the liberals had expected to win , concluding with victory in southwark , normally a liberal stronghold . |
1876 | wish | 1 | PERSON | he turned to writing , motivated partly by his desperate need for money , and partly by a wish for revenge on murray and others by whom he felt slighted . |
1877 | rooms | 1 | ROOM | it extended the franchise by 938,427 men—an increase of 88% —by giving the vote to male householders and male lodgers paying at least £10 for rooms . |
1878 | malta | 1 | PLACE | the cabinet discussed disraeli 's proposal to position indian troops at malta for possible transit to the balkans and call out reserves . |
1879 | henry | 1 | PERSON | he did not defeat the incumbent whig member , henry labouchere , but the taunton constituency was regarded as unwinnable by the tories . |
1880 | description | 1 | ACT | see description |
1881 | jesus christ | 1 | PERSON | urged by a clergyman to turn her thoughts to jesus christ in her final days , she said she could not : " you know dizzy is my j.c. " in 1873 , gladstone brought forward legislation to establish a catholic university in dublin . |
1882 | viscount hughenden | 1 | PERSON | in august 1876 , disraeli was elevated to the house of lords as earl of beaconsfield and viscount hughenden . |
1883 | thackeray | 1 | PERSON | disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character st barbe in endymion is widely seen as a parody of thackeray , who had offended disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in punch as " codlingsby " . |
1884 | given gladstone | 1 | PERSON | disraeli circa 1870 given gladstone 's majority in the commons , disraeli could do little but protest as the government advanced legislation ; he chose to await liberal mistakes . |
1885 | disease | 1 | DISEASE | despite this tragedy , and the need for treatment for a sexually transmitted disease on his return , disraeli felt enriched by his experiences . |
1886 | white terror | 1 | INSTANCE | ordoliberalism related topics * anti-communism + white terror * |
1887 | authorship | 1 | PROCESS | it sold well , but caused much offence in influential circles when the authorship was discovered . |
1888 | villain | 1 | PERSON | historian michael diamond asserts that for british music hall patrons in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia and pride in empire " were reflected in the halls ' most popular political heroes : all were conservatives and disraeli stood out above all , even decades after his death , while gladstone was used as a villain . |
1889 | young england group | 1 | GROUP | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
1890 | james | 1 | PERSON | isaac , maria and sarah disraeli 's siblings were sarah , naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph and james ( " jem " ) . |
1891 | production | 1 | OCCURRENCE | this was my first production : puerile pedantry . |
1892 | perils | 1 | SITUATION | presenting jewishness as aristocratic and religious legitimized his claim to understand the perils facing modern england and to offer ' national ' solutions to them . |
1893 | ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | ministry |
1894 | depth | 1 | AMOUNT | the new house of commons had more conservative than whig members , but the depth of the tory schism enabled russell to continue to govern . |
1895 | guizot | 1 | PERSON | ill 's judgement that he was ' like all literary men , from chateaubriand to guizot , ignorant of the world'.... |
1896 | council | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | gladstone in 1870 had sponsored an order in council , introducing competitive examination into the civil service , diminishing the political aspects of government hiring . |
1897 | revd | 1 | UNKNOWN | i was at school for two or three years under the revd . |
1898 | biographer r w davis | 1 | PERSON | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
1899 | interim | 1 | UNKNOWN | in the interim , disraeli , as conservative leader in the commons , opposed the government on all major measures . |
1900 | garrison | 1 | PERSON | under lord roberts , the british easily defeated them and installed a new ruler , leaving a mission and garrison in kabul . |
1901 | tory concepts | 1 | PERSON | abbott writes , " to the mystical tory concepts of throne , church , aristocracy and people , disraeli added empire . " |
1902 | ourselves | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli wrote a personal letter to gladstone , asking him to place the good of the party above personal animosity : " every man performs his office , and there is a power , greater than ourselves , that disposes of all this . " |
1903 | receptions | 1 | PERSON | disraeli and salisbury returned home to heroes ' receptions . |
1904 | intrigue | 1 | UNKNOWN | lyndhurst was an indiscreet gossip with a fondness for intrigue ; this appealed greatly to disraeli , who became his secretary and go-between . |
1905 | sir ian malcolm | 1 | PERSON | sir ian malcolm described the suez canal share purchase as " the greatest romance of mr . disraeli 's romantic career " . |
1906 | challenge | 1 | ACTION | by 1872 there was dissent in the conservative ranks over the failure to challenge gladstone . |
1907 | constituents | 1 | PERSON | as a result of these social reforms the liberal-labour mp alexander macdonald told his constituents in 1879 , " the conservative party have done more for the working classes in five years than the liberals have in fifty . " |
1908 | whig reform bill | 1 | PERSON | coningsby attacks the evils of the whig reform bill of 1832 and castigates the leaderless conservatives for not responding . |
1909 | meaning | 1 | PURPOSE | his detachment from english prejudices did not give him any particular insight into foreign affairs ; as a young man he accepted the platitudes of metternich and failed to understand the meaning of the nationalist movements in europe . |
1910 | right honourable the earl | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
1911 | militia bill | 1 | PERSON | tories to defeat the government on a militia bill , and russell resigned . |
1912 | tory gains | 1 | PERSON | derby dissolved parliament , and the ensuing general election resulted in modest tory gains , but not enough to control the commons . |
1913 | smallest | 1 | PERSON | two gentlemen , the second bearded derby ( top ) and northcote disraeli 's cabinet of twelve , with six peers and six commoners , was the smallest since reform . |
1914 | stocks | 1 | PERSON | built by french interests , 56 % of the stocks in the canal remained in their hands , while 44 % of the stock belonged to isma 'il pasha , the khedive of egypt . |
1915 | authors | 1 | PERSON | there was a vogue for what was called " silver-fork fiction " — novels depicting aristocratic life , usually by anonymous authors , read by the aspirational middle classes . |
1916 | parliamentary career | 1 | NUMBER | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
1917 | half years | 1 | PERIOD | only four and a half years had passed and they did not see any clouds on the horizon that might forecast conservative defeat if they waited . |
1918 | december monarch victoria | 1 | PERSON |  |
1919 | greenwood | 1 | PERSON | on 14 november 1875 , the editor of the pall mall gazette , frederick greenwood , learned from london banker henry oppenheim that the khedive was seeking to sell his shares in the suez canal company to a french firm . |
1920 | sir stafford northcote | 1 | PERSON | lord stanley ( who had succeeded his father , the former prime minister , as earl of derby ) became foreign secretary and sir stafford northcote the chancellor . |
1921 | statue | 1 | PERSON | a statue on a podium statue of disraeli in parliament square , london disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the church of st michael and all angels which stands in the grounds of his home , hughenden manor . |
1922 | realm | 1 | PLACE | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
1923 | trigger | 1 | CONCEPT | disraeli 's biographer jonathan parry writes that the financial failure and personal criticism that disraeli suffered in 1825 and 1826 were probably the trigger for a serious nervous crisis affecting him over the next four years : " he had always been moody , sensitive , and solitary by nature , but now became seriously depressed and lethargic . " |
1924 | thoughts | 1 | AMOUNT | urged by a clergyman to turn her thoughts to jesus christ in her final days , she said she could not : " you know dizzy is my j.c. " in 1873 , gladstone brought forward legislation to establish a catholic university in dublin . |
1925 | pragmatism | 1 | ACT | muscular liberalism * noblesse oblige * paternalism * pragmatism * |
1926 | absolutism | 1 | ABILITY | monarchism + royalism * moral absolutism * natalism * |
1927 | beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
1928 | publication | 1 | ACTION | the choice of a tory publication was regarded as strange by disraeli 's friends and relatives , who thought him more of a radical . |
1929 | construction | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the thames purification bill funded the construction of much larger sewers for london . |
1930 | lions | 1 | PERSON | per saltire gules and argent a castle triple-towered in chief argent two lions rampant in fess sable and an eagle displayed in base or . |
1931 | canada | 1 | PLACE | canada * chile * china + hong kong * |
1932 | historism | 1 | CONCEPT | historism * honour * imperialism * |
1933 | wig | 1 | HEAD | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
1934 | uncle | 1 | PERSON | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
1935 | b. h. abbott | 1 | PERSON | in 1972 b. h. abbott stressed that it was not disraeli but lord randolph churchill who invented the term " tory democracy " , though it was disraeli who made it an essential part of conservative policy and philosophy . |
1936 | sidney herbert | 1 | PERSON |  |
1937 | landowners | 1 | PERSON | although ireland was largely roman catholic , the church of england represented most landowners . |
1938 | trade dispute | 1 | DISPUTE | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
1939 | herzegovina | 1 | PLACE | in july 1875 serb populations in bosnia and herzegovina , then provinces of the ottoman empire , revolted against the turks , alleging religious persecution and poor administration . |
1940 | zulu impi | 1 | PERSON | before they could arrive , on 22 january , a zulu impi ( army ) , moving with great speed and endurance , destroyed a british encampment in south africa in the battle of isandlwana . |
1941 | sewers | 1 | EVENT | the thames purification bill funded the construction of much larger sewers for london . |
1942 | pinochetism | 1 | CONCEPT | powellism * pinochetism * putinism * |
1943 | struggles | 1 | FORCE | there was intense public interest in disraeli 's struggles for life . |
1944 | iceland | 1 | PLACE | hungary * iceland * india * iran * israel * |
1945 | skill | 1 | SKILL | disraeli gained wide acclaim and became a hero to his party for the " marvellous parliamentary skill " with which he secured the passage of reform in the commons . |
1946 | irish church | 1 | PERSON | an initial attempt by disraeli to negotiate with archbishop manning the establishment of a catholic university in dublin foundered in march when gladstone moved resolutions to disestablish the irish church altogether . |
1947 | property qualification | 1 | DOCUMENT | even as disraeli accepted liberal amendments ( although pointedly refusing those moved by gladstone ) that further lowered the property qualification , cranborne was unable to lead an effective rebellion . |
1948 | sovereignty | 1 | PLACE | sovereignty * |
1949 | sentiment | 1 | EVENT | indeed , he had objected to murray about croker 's inserting " high tory " sentiment : disraeli remarked , " it is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of reform can issue from my pen . " |
1950 | contrast | 1 | RESULT | stanley , in contrast , deprecated his inexperienced followers as a reason for not assuming office : |
1951 | prose | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | he brought politics nearer to poetry , or , at all events , to poetical prose , than any english politician since burke . |
1952 | rival gladstone | 1 | PERSON | disraeli spoke in favour of the measure , arguing that christianity was " completed judaism " , and asking the house of commons " where is your christianity if you do not believe in their judaism ? " russell and disraeli 's future rival gladstone thought this brave ; the speech was badly received by his own party . |
1953 | tory democrat | 1 | PERSON | tory democrat : the 1867 reform act it was disraeli 's belief that if given the vote british people would use it instinctively to put their natural and traditional rulers , the gentlemen of the conservative party , into power . |
1954 | victoria r | 1 | PLACE | once the bill was formally enacted , victoria began signing her letters " victoria r & i " ( latin : regina et imperatrix , queen and empress ) . |
1955 | bumper crops | 1 | NUMBER | in the past , the farmer had the consolation of higher prices at such times , but with bumper crops cheaply transported from the united states , grain prices remained low . |
1956 | united kingdom general election | 1 | PLACE | main article : 1880 united kingdom general election |
1957 | kandahar | 1 | PLACE | a depiction of the battle of kandahar , fought in 1880 . |
1958 | civil service disraeli | 1 | PERSON | civil service disraeli 's failure to appoint samuel wilberforce as bishop of london may have cost him votes in the 1868 election . |
1959 | patriotism | 1 | EVENT | orthodoxy * patriotism * |
1960 | motto forti nihili difficile notes | 1 | PERSON | motto forti nihili difficile notes and references |
1961 | adept | 1 | UNKNOWN | once the desired bill was finally prepared , disraeli 's handling of it was not adept . |
1962 | viscount cranbrook | 1 | PERSON | april were his brother ralph and nephew coningsby , to whom hughenden would eventually pass ; gathorne gathorne-hardy , viscount cranbrook , despite most of disraeli 's former cabinet being present , was notably absent in italy . |
1963 | burnham | 1 | PERSON | burnham * lefebvre * |
1964 | dean | 1 | PERSON | as he had in government posts , disraeli rewarded old friends with clerical positions , making sydney turner , son of a good friend of isaac d' israeli , dean of ripon . |
1965 | post office | 1 | PLACE | it authorised an early version of nationalisation , having the post office buy up the telegraph companies . |
1966 | palmerston loyalists | 1 | PERSON | the liberals were healing the breaches between those who favoured russell and the palmerston loyalists , and in late march 1859 , the government was defeated on a russell-sponsored amendment . |
1967 | october | 1 | PERIOD | political plans were thrown into disarray by palmerston 's death on 18 october 1865 . |
1968 | prussian crown princess | 1 | PERSON | the monarch wrote to her daughter , prussian crown princess victoria , " mr . disraeli is prime minister ! |
1969 | opposition benches | 1 | ENTITY | with the fall of the government , disraeli and the conservatives returned to the opposition benches . |
1970 | prime minister robert peel | 1 | PERSON | in 1846 , prime minister robert peel split the party over his proposal to repeal the corn laws , which involved ending the tariff on imported grain . |
1971 | elitism | 1 | TRUST | duty * elitism + aristocracy + meritocracy + noblesse oblige * |
1972 | set backs | 1 | PERSON |  |
1973 | lord john manners | 1 | PERSON | lord john manners , in 1843 at the time of young england , wrote , " could i only satisfy myself that d'israeli believed all that he said , i should be more happy : his historical views are quite mine , but does he believe them ? " |
1974 | colonies | 1 | SEQUENCE | spain was losing its south american colonies in the face of rebellions . |
1975 | critic shane leslie | 1 | PERSON | critic shane leslie noted three decades after his death that " disraeli 's career was a romance such as no eastern vizier or western plutocrat could tell . |
1976 | aisle | 1 | PLACE | he was defeated by 19 votes on the second reading , with many liberals crossing the aisle against him . |
1977 | bronchitis | 1 | UNKNOWN | in march , he fell ill with bronchitis , and emerged from bed only for a meeting with salisbury and other conservative leaders on the 26th . |
1978 | alec guinness | 1 | PERSON | alec guinness portrayed him in the mudlark ( 1950 ) . |
1979 | concessions | 1 | PERMISSION | he spoke only once there in the 1877 session on the eastern question , stating on 20 february that there was a need for stability in the balkans , and that forcing turkey into territorial concessions would not secure it . |
1980 | william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
1981 | public health | 1 | PROPERTY | in addition , the public health ( scotland ) |
1982 | vogue | 1 | EVENT | there was a vogue for what was called " silver-fork fiction " — novels depicting aristocratic life , usually by anonymous authors , read by the aspirational middle classes . |
1983 | london disraeli | 1 | PERSON | a statue on a podium statue of disraeli in parliament square , london disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the church of st michael and all angels which stands in the grounds of his home , hughenden manor . |
1984 | bentinck family | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | while these intrigues played out , disraeli was working with the bentinck family to secure the necessary financing to purchase hughenden manor , in buckinghamshire . |
1985 | vizier | 1 | PLACE | critic shane leslie noted three decades after his death that " disraeli 's career was a romance such as no eastern vizier or western plutocrat could tell . |
1986 | qutbism | 1 | CONCEPT | qutbism + khomeinism * reaganism * |
1987 | dramas | 1 | STATE | steven fielding has argued that disraeli was an especially popular film hero : " historical dramas favoured disraeli over gladstone and , more substantively , promulgated an essentially deferential view of democratic leadership . " |
1988 | cities | 1 | SET | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
1989 | maria basevi signature cursive signature | 1 | PLACE | isaac d' israeli * maria basevi signature cursive signature in ink writing career notable works list * * vivian grey * |
1990 | offence | 1 | UNKNOWN | it sold well , but caused much offence in influential circles when the authorship was discovered . |
1991 | victories | 1 | CONDITION | in 1878 , faced with russian victories against the ottomans , he worked at the congress of berlin to obtain peace in the balkans at terms favourable to britain and unfavourable to russia , its longstanding enemy . |
1992 | victorian clothes | 1 | PERSON | a middle-aged man in victorian clothes gladstone in the 1850s disraeli delivered the budget on 3 december 1852 , and prepared to wind up the debate for the government on 16 december—it was customary for the chancellor to have the last word . |
1993 | exploitation | 1 | PERSON | they held that the landed interests should use their power to protect the poor from exploitation by middle-class businessmen . |
1994 | resentment | 1 | PERSON | after that , disraeli 's influence on murray waned , and to his resentment he was sidelined in the affairs of the representative . |
1995 | aesthete | 1 | PERSON | he began as a pioneer in dress and an aesthete of words ... |
1996 | shelley | 1 | PERSON | his other novel of this period is venetia , a romance based on the characters of shelley and byron , written quickly to raise much-needed money . |
1997 | misgivings | 1 | POSITION | in the absence of a credible party rival and for fear of having an election called on the issue , conservatives felt obliged to support disraeli despite their misgivings . |
1998 | trumpism | 1 | CONCEPT | sarkozysm * thatcherism * trumpism * ziaism national variants * |
1999 | supporters dexter | 1 | PERSON | supporters dexter an eagle |
2000 | orsini affair | 1 | PERSON | palmerston 's grip on the premiership was weakened by his response to the orsini affair , in which an attempt was made to assassinate the french emperor napoleon iii by an italian revolutionary with a bomb made in birmingham . |
2001 | pole | 1 | PERSON | the new prime minister told those who came to congratulate him , " i have climbed to the top of the greasy pole . " |
2002 | staunchest | 1 | PERSON | the critic robert o' kell , concurring , writes , " it is after all , even if you are a tory of the staunchest blue , impossible to make disraeli into a first-rate novelist . |
2003 | derby government main article | 1 | ARTICLE | chancellor of the exchequer first derby government main article : who ? |
2004 | berlusconism | 1 | CONCEPT | berlusconism * bukelism * cameronism * |
2005 | ancestors | 1 | WORD | he also had some ashkenazi jewish ancestors . |
2006 | kohl | 1 | PERSON | thatcher * kohl * fujimori * bush * trump * |
2007 | turner | 1 | PERSON | isaac 's friend sharon turner , a solicitor , convinced him that although he could comfortably remain unattached to any formal religion it would be disadvantageous to the children if they did so . |
2008 | peru | 1 | PLACE | mexico * netherlands * new zealand * norway * pakistan * panama * peru * poland * |
2009 | acclaim | 1 | STATEMENT | after disraeli won widespread acclaim in march 1842 for worsting lord palmerston in debate , he was taken up by a small group of idealistic new tory mps , with whom he formed the young england group . |
2010 | worship | 1 | PERSON | he consequently was a strong supporter of the public worship regulation |
2011 | tribes | 1 | WORD | the governor of cape colony , sir bartle frere , believing that the federation could not be accomplished until the native tribes acknowledged british rule , made demands on the zulu and their king , cetewayo , which they were certain to reject . |
2012 | old depicts disraeli | 1 | PERSON | suez portrait of disraeli published in 1873 refer to caption new crowns for old depicts disraeli as abanazar from the pantomime aladdin , offering victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one . |
2013 | schools | 1 | UNKNOWN | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
2014 | school chosen | 1 | UNKNOWN | the school chosen for him was run by eliezer cogan at higham hill in walthamstow . |
2015 | bradford comment | 1 | PERSON | although biographers including robert blake and bradford comment that such a post was incompatible with disraeli 's romantic and ambitious nature , he reportedly gave his employers satisfactory service , and later professed to have learned much there . |
2016 | tory reform group | 1 | GROUP | conservative party * tory reform group * |
2017 | reassured | 1 | UNKNOWN | reassured , he wrote to the queen , resigning and recommending disraeli as " only he could command the cordial support , en masse , of his present colleagues " . |
2018 | complementarianism | 1 | CONCEPT | gender roles + complementarianism + essentialism * |
2019 | successor disraeli | 1 | PERSON | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
2020 | image | 1 | IMAGE | disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on queen victoria the title " empress of india " . |
2021 | extravagances | 1 | AMOUNT | and it is equally impossible , no matter how much you deplore the extravagances and improprieties of his works , to make him into an insignificant one . " |
2022 | ilyin | 1 | UNKNOWN | ilyin * savarkar * |
2023 | reza shah | 1 | PERSON | reza shah * |
2024 | writer | 1 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
2025 | vote british people | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | tory democrat : the 1867 reform act it was disraeli 's belief that if given the vote british people would use it instinctively to put their natural and traditional rulers , the gentlemen of the conservative party , into power . |
2026 | tower argent | 1 | PERSON | or sinister a lion or each gorged with a collar gules and pendent therefrom an escutcheon of the last charged with a tower argent . |
2027 | ability | 1 | ABILITY | he had far-reaching schemes but little administrative ability , and there was some foundation for napoleon |
2028 | sydney turner | 1 | PERSON | as he had in government posts , disraeli rewarded old friends with clerical positions , making sydney turner , son of a good friend of isaac d' israeli , dean of ripon . |
2029 | zulu troops | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | as zulu troops could not marry until they had washed their spears in blood , they were eager for combat . |
2030 | elizabeth ii | 1 | PERSON | protocol forbade her attending disraeli 's funeral ( this would not be changed until 1965 , when elizabeth ii attended the rites for the former prime minister sir winston churchill ) but she sent primroses ( " his favourite flowers " ) to the funeral and visited the burial vault to place a wreath four days later . |
2031 | drugs | 1 | DRUG | also enacted were the public health act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 55 ) , modernising sanitary codes , the sale of food and drugs act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 63 ) , and the elementary education act 1876 ( 39 & 40 vict . c. 70 ) . |
2032 | winchester college | 1 | INSTITUTION | it is not known whether disraeli formed any ambition for a parliamentary career at the time of his baptism , but there is no doubt that he bitterly regretted his parents ' decision not to send him to winchester college , one of the great public schools which consistently provided recruits to the political elite . |
2033 | baron lionel de rothschild | 1 | PERSON | in 1858 , baron lionel de rothschild became the first mp to profess the jewish faith . |
2034 | pitt | 1 | PERSON | adams * pitt * canning * metternich * |
2035 | details | 1 | PERSON | the earl of derby preceded by sir charles wood , 3rd baronet succeeded by william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli ( 1804-12-21) 21 december 1804 bloomsbury , middlesex , england died 19 april 1881( 1881-04-19 ) ( aged 76 ) mayfair , london , england political party conservative other political affiliations young england ( 1840s ) |
2036 | puerile pedantry | 1 | UNKNOWN | this was my first production : puerile pedantry . |
2037 | feminism | 1 | PERSON | conservative feminism * conservative socialism * conservative wave * |
2038 | screen actor george arliss | 1 | PERSON | stage and screen actor george arliss was known for his portrayals of disraeli , winning the academy award for best actor for 1929 's disraeli . |
2039 | student | 1 | PERSON | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
2040 | inn | 1 | GOVERNMENT | he enrolled as a student at lincoln 's inn and joined the chambers of his uncle , nathaniel basevy , and then those of benjamin austen , who persuaded isaac that disraeli would never make a barrister and should be allowed to pursue a literary career . |
2041 | nationalism | 1 | SET | nationalism * |
2042 | popanilla | 1 | UNKNOWN | popanilla * the young duke * contarini fleming * ixion in heaven * the wondrous tale of alroy * |
2043 | whig oligarchs | 1 | UNKNOWN | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
2044 | william gladstone | 1 | PERSON | the president of the board of trade , william gladstone , resigned from the cabinet over the maynooth grant . |
2045 | dogma | 1 | RULE | it was couched in the form of an open letter to lyndhurst , and in bradford 's view encapsulates a political philosophy that disraeli adhered to for the rest of his life : the value of benevolent aristocratic government , a loathing of political dogma , and the modernisation of tory policies . |
2046 | pas de deux | 1 | PLACE | refer to caption disraeli ( right ) and salisbury as knights of the garter , portrayed by john tenniel in the pas de deux ( from the scène de triomphe in the grand anglo-turkish ballet d'action ) |
2047 | propaganda | 1 | STATE | with lyndhurst 's encouragement disraeli turned to writing propaganda for his newly adopted party . |
2048 | bag | 1 | UNKNOWN | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
2049 | confederation | 1 | STATE | the party truce ended in 1864 , with tories outraged over palmerston 's handling of the territorial dispute between the german confederation and denmark known as the schleswig-holstein question . |
2050 | print | 1 | SPEECH ACT | when cecil 's father objected , lord robert stated , " i have merely put into print what all the country gentlemen were saying in private . " |
2051 | pearse | 1 | PERSON | in november 1821 , shortly before his seventeenth birthday , disraeli was articled as a clerk to a firm of solicitors— swain , stevens , maples , pearse and hunt—in the city of london . |
2052 | strength | 1 | PERSON | peace through strength * |
2053 | stances | 1 | PROPERTY | however , the best known of these stances were over the maynooth grant in 1845 and the repeal of the corn laws in 1846 . |
2054 | mansfield | 1 | PERSON | sowell * mansfield * scruton * |
2055 | bedford row | 1 | PERSON | king 's road , bedford row , bloomsbury , london , the second child and eldest son of isaac d' israeli , a literary critic and historian , and maria ( miriam ) , née basevi . |
2056 | napoleon ill | 1 | PERSON |  |
2057 | income | 1 | DISEASE | twelve years disraeli 's senior , mary lewis had a substantial income of £5,000 a year . |
2058 | breaches | 1 | AMOUNT | the liberals were healing the breaches between those who favoured russell and the palmerston loyalists , and in late march 1859 , the government was defeated on a russell-sponsored amendment . |
2059 | furtherance | 1 | ACT | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
2060 | crimea | 1 | PLACE | the khedive governed egypt under the ottoman empire ; as in the crimea , the issue of the canal raised the eastern question of what to do about the decaying empire governed from constantinople . |
2061 | smith | 1 | PERSON | paul smith , in his journal article on disraeli 's politics , argues that disraeli 's ideas were coherently argued over a political career of nearly half a century , and " it is impossible to sweep them aside as a mere bag of burglar 's tools for effecting felonious entry to the british political pantheon . " |
2062 | lord robert | 1 | PERSON | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
2063 | frederick greenwood | 1 | PERSON | on 14 november 1875 , the editor of the pall mall gazette , frederick greenwood , learned from london banker henry oppenheim that the khedive was seeking to sell his shares in the suez canal company to a french firm . |
2064 | questions | 1 | QUESTION | as part of that change , gladstone took on the office of chancellor , leading to questions as to whether he had to stand for re-election on taking on a second ministry— until the 1920s , mps becoming ministers had to seek re-election . |
2065 | authoritarian | 1 | PERSON | part of a series on conservatism variants * authoritarian * |
2066 | no confidence vote | 1 | EVENT |  |
2067 | imagination | 1 | ABILITY | todd endelman points out that " the link between jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that victorian political cartoonists regularly drew benjamin disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his jewishness . " |
2068 | karamzin | 1 | UNKNOWN | czartoryski * coleridge * karamzin * |
2069 | rev john potticary | 1 | PERSON | two years later or so— the exact date has not been ascertained— he was sent as a boarder to rev john potticary 's school at blackheath . |
2070 | back benches | 1 | ENTITY | though disappointed at being left on the back benches , he continued his support for peel in 1842 and 1843 , seeking to establish himself as an expert on foreign affairs and international trade . |
2071 | impulse | 1 | EVENT | some historians have commented on a romantic impulse behind disraeli 's approach to empire and foreign affairs : |
2072 | concern | 1 | PERSON | in the following decades , the security of the suez canal became a major concern of british foreign policy . |
2073 | finance disraeli | 1 | PERSON | the other was wyndham lewis , who helped finance disraeli 's election campaign , and who died the following year . |
2074 | feudal | 1 | UNKNOWN | as parry observes , the book ends on a political note , setting out europe 's progress " from feudal to federal principles " . |
2075 | fear | 1 | EMOTION | in the absence of a credible party rival and for fear of having an election called on the issue , conservatives felt obliged to support disraeli despite their misgivings . |
2076 | encampment | 1 | ACT | before they could arrive , on 22 january , a zulu impi ( army ) , moving with great speed and endurance , destroyed a british encampment in south africa in the battle of isandlwana . |
2077 | historian michael diamond | 1 | PERSON | historian michael diamond asserts that for british music hall patrons in the 1880s and 1890s , " xenophobia and pride in empire " were reflected in the halls ' most popular political heroes : all were conservatives and disraeli stood out above all , even decades after his death , while gladstone was used as a villain . |
2078 | clothes man | 1 | PERSON | todd endelman points out that " the link between jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that victorian political cartoonists regularly drew benjamin disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his jewishness . " |
2079 | general sir garnet wolseley | 1 | PERSON | disraeli sent general sir garnet wolseley as high commissioner and commander in chief , and cetewayo and the zulus were crushed at the battle of ulundi on 4 july 1879 . |
2080 | plots | 1 | RESOURCE | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
2081 | radical reformers | 1 | PERSON | he has lugged up that great omnibus full of stupid , heavy , country gentlemen--i only say ' stupid ' in the parliamentary sense--and has converted these conservative into radical reformers . |
2082 | part belief | 1 | TRUST | disraeli 's biographer , adam kirsch , suggests that disraeli 's obsequious treatment of his queen was part flattery , part belief that this was how a queen should be addressed by a loyal subject , and part awe that a middle-class man of jewish birth should be the companion of a monarch . |
2083 | lion | 1 | PERSON | or sinister a lion or each gorged with a collar gules and pendent therefrom an escutcheon of the last charged with a tower argent . |
2084 | bolsonaro | 1 | UNKNOWN | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
2085 | para fascism | 1 | EVENT |  |
2086 | maidstone seat | 1 | PROPERTY | finding the financial demands of his maidstone seat too much , disraeli secured a tory nomination for shrewsbury , winning one of the constituency 's two seats at the 1841 general election , despite serious opposition , and heavy debts which opponents seized on . |
2087 | tension | 1 | EMOTION | at the start of the next session , affairs were handled by a triumvirate of granby , disraeli , and john charles herries— indicative of the tension between disraeli and the rest of the party , who needed his talents but mistrusted him . |
2088 | integralism | 1 | CONCEPT | theravada buddhism * traditionalist catholicism + integralism + ultramontanism * traditionalist school personal variants * |
2089 | endymion benjamin disraeli | 1 | PERSON | lothair * endymion benjamin disraeli , 1st earl of beaconsfield ( 21 december 1804 - 19 april 1881 ) was a british statesman , conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom . |
2090 | british run cape colony | 1 | PERSON |  |
2091 | koselleck | 1 | PERSON | kirk * solzhenitsyn * koselleck * mishima * |
2092 | front bench | 1 | ENTITY | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
2093 | party truce | 1 | AGREEMENT | the party truce ended in 1864 , with tories outraged over palmerston 's handling of the territorial dispute between the german confederation and denmark known as the schleswig-holstein question . |
2094 | ian mcshane | 1 | PERSON | ian mcshane starred in the four-part 1978 atv miniseries disraeli : portrait of a romantic , written by david butler . |
2095 | drew benjamin disraeli | 1 | PERSON | todd endelman points out that " the link between jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that victorian political cartoonists regularly drew benjamin disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his jewishness . " |
2096 | poll | 1 | PERSON | the conservatives remained in office because the new electoral register was not yet ready ; neither party wished a poll under the old roll . |
2097 | opposition leader | 1 | PERSON | opposition leader ; 1874 election |
2098 | roberts | 1 | PERSON | salisbury ignored these instructions , which his biographer , andrew roberts deemed " ludicrous " . |
2099 | william kuhn | 1 | PERSON | the critic william kuhn suggests that disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . |
2100 | hartington | 1 | PLACE | in office 21 april 1880 - 19 april 1881 monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone preceded by marquess of hartington succeeded by the marquess of salisbury |
2101 | rallies | 1 | INCREASE | one essay ended : the english nation , therefore , rallies for rescue from the degrading plots of a profligate oligarchy , a barbarizing sectarianism , and a boroughmongering papacy , round their hereditary leaders — the peers . |
2102 | time being | 1 | UNKNOWN | in the aftermath of the debate bentinck resigned the leadership and was succeeded by lord granby ; disraeli 's speech , thought by many of his own party to be blasphemous , ruled him out for the time being . |
2103 | circumstances | 1 | EVENT | other european nations , faced with similar circumstances , opted for protection , and disraeli was urged to reinstitute the corn laws . |
2104 | hume | 1 | PERSON | hume * burke * |
2105 | ultramontanism | 1 | CONCEPT | theravada buddhism * traditionalist catholicism + integralism + ultramontanism * traditionalist school personal variants * |
2106 | link | 1 | ELEMENT | todd endelman points out that " the link between jews and old clothes was so fixed in the popular imagination that victorian political cartoonists regularly drew benjamin disraeli as an old clothes man in order to stress his jewishness . " |
2107 | quarter | 1 | PLACE | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
2108 | authorities | 1 | STATUS | isaac 's father , benjamin , was a prominent and devout member ; it was probably out of respect for him that isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813 . |
2109 | provision | 1 | UNKNOWN | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
2110 | chancellor main article | 1 | ARTICLE | opposition and third term as chancellor main article : third derby-disraeli ministry after derby 's second ejection from office , disraeli faced dissension within conservative ranks from those who blamed him for the defeat , or who felt he was disloyal to derby— the former prime minister warned disraeli of some mps seeking his removal from the front bench . |
2111 | effect | 1 | EFFECT | he was troubled by the growth of elaborate rituals in the late 19th century , such as the use of incense and vestments , and heard warnings to the effect that the ritualists were going to turn control of the church of england over to the pope . |
2112 | reptile | 1 | UNKNOWN | daniel o'connell , misled by inaccurate press reports , thought disraeli had slandered him while electioneering at taunton ; he launched an outspoken attack , referring to disraeli as : a reptile ... |
2113 | frances | 1 | UNKNOWN | frances |
2114 | rosebery | 1 | PERSON | the small scottish electorate was dominated by two noblemen , the conservative duke of buccleuch and the liberal earl of rosebery . |
2115 | courage | 1 | PERSON | disraeli 's courage , quickness of wit , capacity for affection , and freedom from sordid motives earned him his position . |
2116 | liberal party | 1 | FORCE | disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs , his political battles with the liberal party leader william ewart gladstone , and his one-nation conservatism or " tory democracy " . |
2117 | madam | 1 | PERSON | disraeli told the queen , " it is settled ; you have it , madam ! " |
2118 | knee | 1 | STATE | when disraeli returned as prime minister in 1874 and went to kiss hands , he did so literally , on one knee ; according to richard aldous in his book on the rivalry between disraeli and gladstone , " victoria and disraeli would exploit their closeness for mutual advantage . " |
2119 | selina | 1 | PERSON | disraeli made various statements about his elevation , writing to selina , lady bradford on 8 august 1876 , " i am quite tired of that place " but when asked by a friend how he liked the lords , replied , " i am dead ; dead but in the elysian fields . " |
2120 | provisions | 1 | UNKNOWN | his proposed budget , which he presented to the commons on 3 december , lowered the taxes on malt and tea , provisions designed to appeal to the working class . |
2121 | spirituality | 1 | INSTANCE | the last was tancred ; or , the new crusade ( 1847 ) , promoting the church of england 's role in reviving britain 's flagging spirituality . |
2122 | judgement | 1 | UNKNOWN | ill 's judgement that he was ' like all literary men , from chateaubriand to guizot , ignorant of the world'.... |
2123 | protectionist cabinet | 1 | EVENT | with the exception of disraeli , every member of the future protectionist cabinet then in parliament voted against the measure . |
2124 | party politics | 1 | ACTION | the start of the crimean war in 1854 caused a lull in party politics ; |
2125 | macmillan | 1 | PERSON | baldwin * macmillan * butler * howard * |
2126 | equal | 1 | PERSON | the employers and workmen act 1875 , according to one study , " finally placed employers and employed on an equal footing before the law " . |
2127 | court | 1 | EVENT | act 1874 which allowed the archbishops to go to court to stop the ritualists . |
2128 | united states related ideologies | 1 | PLACE | south korea * taiwan * turkey * ukraine * united kingdom * united states related ideologies * agrarianism * |
2129 | nephew coningsby | 1 | PERSON | april were his brother ralph and nephew coningsby , to whom hughenden would eventually pass ; gathorne gathorne-hardy , viscount cranbrook , despite most of disraeli 's former cabinet being present , was notably absent in italy . |
2130 | closest | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli , his closest ally , was his second choice and accepted , though disclaiming any great knowledge in the financial field . |
2131 | capital | 1 | PLACE | the banker 's capital was at risk as parliament could have refused to ratify the transaction . |
2132 | ukraine | 1 | PLACE | south korea * taiwan * turkey * ukraine * united kingdom * united states related ideologies * agrarianism * |
2133 | evils | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | coningsby attacks the evils of the whig reform bill of 1832 and castigates the leaderless conservatives for not responding . |
2134 | confucianism | 1 | CONCEPT | confucianism * |
2135 | hungry | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was backed by his party , hungry for office and its emoluments after almost thirty years with only brief spells in government . |
2136 | houses | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was still living with his parents in london , but in search of the " change of air " recommended by the family 's doctors , isaac took a succession of houses in the country and on the coast , before disraeli sought wider horizons . |
2137 | roland quinault | 1 | PERSON | roland quinault , however , cautions not to exaggerate the confrontation : they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers . |
2138 | president | 1 | PERSON | the president of the board of trade , william gladstone , resigned from the cabinet over the maynooth grant . |
2139 | voters | 1 | PERSON | he made the conservatives the party most identified with the british empire and military action to expand it , both of which were popular among british voters . |
2140 | coleridge | 1 | PERSON | czartoryski * coleridge * karamzin * |
2141 | telegraph companies | 1 | PERSON | it authorised an early version of nationalisation , having the post office buy up the telegraph companies . |
2142 | fiancé | 1 | UNKNOWN | 1830-1837 together with his sister 's fiancé , william meredith , disraeli travelled widely in southern europe and beyond in 1830-31 . |
2143 | persons | 1 | PERSON | act 1875 established the right to strike by providing that " an agreement or combination by one or more persons to do , or procure to be done , any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen , shall not be indictable as a conspiracy if such act committed by one person would not be punishable as a crime " . |
2144 | question | 1 | QUESTION | disraeli 's second term was dominated by the eastern question — the slow decay of the ottoman empire and the desire of other european powers , such as russia , to gain at its expense . |
2145 | voting register | 1 | UNIT | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
2146 | biographer robert blake | 1 | PERSON | nevertheless , his biographer robert blake doubts that his subject had specific ideas about foreign policy when he took office in 1874 . |
2147 | memoirs | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the critic william kuhn suggests that disraeli 's fiction can be read as " the memoirs he never wrote " , revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket— particularly with regard to what kuhn sees as the author 's " ambiguous sexuality " . |
2148 | priests | 1 | PERSON | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
2149 | protectionism | 1 | SYSTEM | disraeli 's political views embraced certain radical policies , particularly electoral reform , and also some tory ones , including protectionism . |
2150 | prominent | 1 | ACT | isaac 's father , benjamin , was a prominent and devout member ; it was probably out of respect for him that isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813 . |
2151 | venetian descent | 1 | PLACE | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
2152 | grasp | 1 | EVENT | gladstone 's biographer philip magnus contrasted disraeli 's grasp of foreign affairs with that of gladstone , who " never understood that high moral principles , in their application to foreign policy , are more often destructive of political stability than motives of national self-interest . " |
2153 | magazine | 1 | PLACE | popular culture disraeli , the first person caricatured in the london magazine vanity fair , 30 january 1869 . |
2154 | park | 1 | PLACE | pinochet * marcos * park * smith * |
2155 | british house | 1 | PLACE | in 1884 nathan mayer rothschild , 1st baron rothschild , became the first jewish member of the british house of lords ; |
2156 | lee | 1 | PERSON | suharto * lee * zia * vajpayee * |
2157 | sea journey | 1 | PLACE | the suez canal , opened in 1869 , cut weeks and thousands of miles off the sea journey between britain and india ; in 1875 , approximately 80 % of the ships using the canal were british . |
2158 | facts | 1 | UNKNOWN | sarah bradford believes " his dislike of the commonplace would not allow him to accept the facts of his birth as being as middle-class and undramatic as they really were " . |
2159 | tradition intellectuals | 1 | PERSON | stewardship * subsidiarity * tradition intellectuals * johnson * |
2160 | line | 1 | PERSON | disraeli kept labouchere 's majority down to 170 , a good showing that put him in line for a winnable seat in the near future . |
2161 | party reconciliation | 1 | UNKNOWN | because of disraeli 's unpopularity among the peelites , no party reconciliation was possible while he remained tory leader in the commons . |
2162 | volumes | 1 | AMOUNT | disraeli 's first novel , vivian grey , published anonymously in four volumes in 1826-27 , was a thinly veiled re-telling of the affair of the representative . |
2163 | working class | 1 | UNKNOWN | disraeli was sympathetic to some of the aims of chartism , and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class . |
2164 | start disraeli | 1 | PERSON | after this unpromising start disraeli kept a low profile for the rest of the parliamentary session . |
2165 | parallel | 1 | PROPOSITION | there were tory dissenters , most notably lord cranborne ( as robert cecil was by then known ) who resigned from the government and spoke against the bill , accusing disraeli of " a political betrayal which has no parallel in our parliamentary annals " . |
2166 | byron | 1 | PERSON | his other novel of this period is venetia , a romance based on the characters of shelley and byron , written quickly to raise much-needed money . |
2167 | powellism | 1 | CONCEPT | powellism * pinochetism * putinism * |
2168 | maistre | 1 | UNKNOWN | more * maistre * bonald * chateaubriand * |
2169 | fujimori | 1 | PERSON | thatcher * kohl * fujimori * bush * trump * |
2170 | workman | 1 | PERSON | one card , signed " a workman " , delighted its recipient : |
2171 | address | 1 | UNKNOWN | when parliament assembled , derby 's government was defeated by 13 votes on an amendment to the address from the throne . |
2172 | reviewers | 1 | PERSON | reviewers were sharply critical on these grounds of both the author and the book . |
2173 | careers | 1 | NUMBER | roland quinault , however , cautions not to exaggerate the confrontation : they were not direct antagonists for most of their political careers . |
2174 | czar alexander ii | 1 | PERSON | czar alexander ii later described the congress as " a european coalition against russia , under bismarck " . |
2175 | card | 1 | GROUP | one card , signed " a workman " , delighted its recipient : |
2176 | board | 1 | NUMBER | the president of the board of trade , william gladstone , resigned from the cabinet over the maynooth grant . |
2177 | goldsmids | 1 | UNKNOWN | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
2178 | film historian roy armes | 1 | PERSON | film historian roy armes has argued that historical films helped maintain the political status quo in britain in the 1920s and 1930s by imposing an establishment viewpoint that emphasized the greatness of monarchy , empire , and tradition . |
2179 | perfidy | 1 | UNKNOWN | he possesses all the necessary requisites of perfidy , selfishness , depravity , want of principle , etc. , which would qualify him for the change . |
2180 | nativism | 1 | CONCEPT | natcon * nativism * para-fascism * |
2181 | ties | 1 | PERSON | as a leader of the conservative party , which had ties to the landed aristocracy , disraeli used his jewish ancestry to claim an aristocratic heritage of his own . |
2182 | judge | 1 | PERSON | first government , february-december 1868 four men , the second of whom wears a wig resembling that of a judge , and the fourth of whom wears clerical clothes clockwise from top left : chelmsford , cairns , hunt and manning the conservatives remained a minority in the house of commons and the passage of the reform bill required the calling of a new election once the new voting register had been compiled . |
2183 | alternative | 1 | EVENT | for disraeli , the lords , where the debate was less intense , was the alternative to resignation . |
2184 | sarkozysm | 1 | UNKNOWN | sarkozysm * thatcherism * trumpism * ziaism national variants * |
2185 | attitudes | 1 | ATTITUDE | the journey encouraged his self-consciousness , his moral relativism , and his interest in eastern racial and religious attitudes . " |
2186 | pilgrim | 1 | PERSON | lothair was " disraeli 's ideological pilgrim 's progress " , it tells a story of political life with particular regard to the roles of the anglican and roman catholic churches . |
2187 | sweden | 1 | PLACE | russia * serbia * singapore * sweden * |
2188 | osborne house | 1 | PLACE | disraeli went to osborne house on the isle of wight , where the queen asked him to form a government . |
2189 | balmoral | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | she did so again in 1874 , when he fell ill at balmoral , but he was reluctant to leave the commons for a house in which he had no experience . |
2190 | rhine | 1 | PERSON | disraeli toured belgium and the rhine valley with his father in the summer of 1824 . |
2191 | ennoblement | 1 | UNKNOWN | newspapers reported his ennoblement the following morning . |
2192 | cecil | 1 | PERSON | among the conspirators were lord robert cecil , a conservative mp who would a quarter century later become prime minister as lord salisbury ; he wrote that having disraeli as leader in the commons decreased the conservatives ' chance of holding office . |
2193 | many conservative mps | 1 | UNKNOWN | many conservative mps refused to follow him , and the bill passed the commons easily . |
2194 | disraeli disraeli | 1 | PERSON | a death mask resembling disraeli disraeli 's death mask a grave disraeli 's tomb at hughenden returning to hughenden , disraeli brooded over his electoral dismissal , but also resumed work on endymion , which he had begun in 1872 and laid aside before the 1874 election . |
2195 | william ewart gladstone leader | 1 | PERSON | in office 27 february 1868 - 1 december 1868 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by william ewart gladstone leader of the opposition |
2196 | clergymen | 1 | DEVICE | he favoured low church clergymen in promotion , disliking other movements in anglicanism for political reasons . |
2197 | john everett millais | 1 | PERSON | one nation conservatives caucus * conservatism portal * icon politics portal * flag united kingdom portal * v * t * e portrait of benjamin disraeli by john everett millais , 1881 |
2198 | property | 1 | PROPERTY | even as disraeli accepted liberal amendments ( although pointedly refusing those moved by gladstone ) that further lowered the property qualification , cranborne was unable to lead an effective rebellion . |
2199 | kars | 1 | PLACE | the russians were willing to make changes to the big bulgaria , but were determined to retain their new possessions , bessarabia in europe and batum and kars on the east coast of the black sea . |
2200 | natal | 1 | PERSON | british policy in south africa was to encourage federation between the british-run cape colony and natal , and the boer republics , the transvaal ( annexed by britain in 1877 ) and the orange free state . |
2201 | artisans | 1 | PERSON | under the stewardship of richard assheton cross , the home secretary , disraeli 's new government enacted many reforms , including the artisans ' and labourers ' dwellings improvement act 1875 ( 38 & 39 vict . c. 36 ) , which made inexpensive loans available to towns and cities to construct working-class housing . |
2202 | hierarchy | 1 | UNKNOWN | social hierarchy * |
2203 | fathers dream | 1 | PERSON | the firm had a large and profitable business , and as the biographer r w davis observes , the clerkship was " the kind of secure , respectable position that many fathers dream of for their children " . |
2204 | siblings | 1 | PERSON | isaac , maria and sarah disraeli 's siblings were sarah , naphtali ( born and died 1807 ) , ralph and james ( " jem " ) . |
2205 | lines | 1 | PERSON | the french might also threaten those lines . |
2206 | latin | 1 | UNKNOWN | once the bill was formally enacted , victoria began signing her letters " victoria r & i " ( latin : regina et imperatrix , queen and empress ) . |
2207 | party manager john eldon gorst | 1 | PERSON | disraeli had supported the efforts of party manager john eldon gorst to put the administration of the conservative party on a modern basis . |
2208 | dress | 1 | SET | he began as a pioneer in dress and an aesthete of words ... |
2209 | delegates disraeli | 1 | PERSON | by one account , the british ambassador in berlin , lord odo russell , hoping to spare the delegates disraeli 's very poor french accent , told disraeli that the congress was hoping to hear a speech in english by one of its masters . |
2210 | sixth | 1 | RESULT | of the peers , five of them had been in disraeli 's 1868 cabinet ; the sixth , lord salisbury , was reconciled to disraeli after negotiation and became secretary of state for india . |
2211 | fact | 1 | UNKNOWN | he later romanticised his origins , claiming his father 's family was of grand portuguese and venetian descent ; in fact , isaac 's family was of no great distinction , but on disraeli 's mother 's side , in which he took no interest , there were some distinguished forebears , including isaac cardoso , as well as members of the goldsmids , the mocattas and the montefiores . |
2212 | carlton club | 1 | INSTITUTION | disraeli was elected to the exclusively tory carlton club in 1836 , and was also taken up by the party 's leading hostess , lady londonderry . |
2213 | nottingham bernal ostborne | 1 | PERSON | mp for nottingham bernal ostborne declared : i have always thought the chancellor of exchequer was the greatest radical in the house . |
2214 | bribery | 1 | EVENT | act did much to end electoral bribery . |
2215 | abe | 1 | PERSON | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
2216 | imperialist | 1 | PERSON | disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on queen victoria the title " empress of india " . |
2217 | school law | 1 | PERSON | amendments to the school law , the scottish legal system , and the railway laws were passed . |
2218 | anglo afghan war | 1 | EVENT |  |
2219 | essentialism | 1 | CONCEPT | gender roles + complementarianism + essentialism * |
2220 | organicism | 1 | CONCEPT | organicism * |
2221 | summer | 1 | PERSON | disraeli toured belgium and the rhine valley with his father in the summer of 1824 . |
2222 | bow tie | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli in old age , wearing a double-breasted suit , bow tie and hat 1878 portrait prime minister of the united kingdom |
2223 | tory defections | 1 | PERSON | disraeli had little help from derby , who was ill , but he united the party enough on a no-confidence vote to limit the government to a majority of 18— tory defections and absentees kept palmerston in office . |
2224 | go between | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY |  |
2225 | elevation | 1 | EVENT | disraeli made various statements about his elevation , writing to selina , lady bradford on 8 august 1876 , " i am quite tired of that place " but when asked by a friend how he liked the lords , replied , " i am dead ; dead but in the elysian fields . " |
2226 | proceedings | 1 | ACTION | he wrote regular reports on proceedings in the commons to victoria , who described them as " very curious " and " much in the style of his books " . |
2227 | orange free state | 1 | STATE | british policy in south africa was to encourage federation between the british-run cape colony and natal , and the boer republics , the transvaal ( annexed by britain in 1877 ) and the orange free state . |
2228 | improprieties | 1 | CONDITION | and it is equally impossible , no matter how much you deplore the extravagances and improprieties of his works , to make him into an insignificant one . " |
2229 | maidstone | 1 | UNKNOWN | in the election in july 1837 , disraeli won a seat in the house of commons as one of two members , both tory , for the constituency of maidstone . |
2230 | lieu | 1 | PERSON | beaconsfield in her own right in lieu of a peerage for himself . |
2231 | years disraeli | 1 | PERSON | twelve years disraeli 's senior , mary lewis had a substantial income of £5,000 a year . |
2232 | intrigues | 1 | UNKNOWN | while these intrigues played out , disraeli was working with the bentinck family to secure the necessary financing to purchase hughenden manor , in buckinghamshire . |
2233 | deaf | 1 | UNKNOWN | few of the new cabinet had held office before ; when derby tried to inform the duke of wellington of the names of the ministers , the old duke , who was somewhat deaf , inadvertently branded the new government by incredulously repeating " who ? |
2234 | lord randolph churchill | 1 | PERSON | in 1972 b. h. abbott stressed that it was not disraeli but lord randolph churchill who invented the term " tory democracy " , though it was disraeli who made it an essential part of conservative policy and philosophy . |
2235 | john charles | 1 | PERSON | at the start of the next session , affairs were handled by a triumvirate of granby , disraeli , and john charles herries— indicative of the tension between disraeli and the rest of the party , who needed his talents but mistrusted him . |
2236 | promoter | 1 | RANK | disraeli often wrote about religion , for he was a strong promoter of the church of england . |
2237 | hungarian statesman julius andrássy | 1 | PERSON | the following january , sultan abdülaziz agreed to reforms proposed by hungarian statesman julius andrássy , but the rebels , suspecting they might win their freedom , continued their uprising , joined by militants in serbia and bulgaria . |
2238 | gains | 1 | PERSON | derby dissolved parliament , and the ensuing general election resulted in modest tory gains , but not enough to control the commons . |
2239 | middle east | 1 | PERSON | he had rarely travelled abroad ; since his youthful tour of the middle east in 1830-1831 , he had left britain only for his honeymoon and three visits to paris , the last of which was in 1856 . |
2240 | slaves | 1 | DEVICE | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
2241 | labouchere | 1 | UNKNOWN | two men of victorian appearance opponents of disraeli : o' connell and labouchere in april 1835 , disraeli fought a by-election at taunton as a tory candidate . |
2242 | lord barrington | 1 | PERSON | almost blind , when he received the last letter from victoria of which he was aware on 5 april , he held it momentarily , then had it read to him by lord barrington , a privy councillor . |
2243 | confirmation | 1 | ACTION | in late february , with parliament in session and derby absent , he wrote to disraeli asking for confirmation that " you will not shrink from the additional heavy responsibility " . |
2244 | world events | 1 | EVENT | world events thereafter moved against the conservatives . |
2245 | stanley disraeli | 1 | PERSON | bright , peel , bentinck and stanley disraeli gradually became a sharp critic of peel 's government , often deliberately taking contrary positions . |
2246 | part flattery | 1 | ACT | disraeli 's biographer , adam kirsch , suggests that disraeli 's obsequious treatment of his queen was part flattery , part belief that this was how a queen should be addressed by a loyal subject , and part awe that a middle-class man of jewish birth should be the companion of a monarch . |
2247 | islamism | 1 | CONCEPT | hindutva * islamism * |
2248 | reference | 1 | NUMBER | disraeli 's public exchanges with o'connell , extensively reproduced in the times , included a demand for a duel with the 60-year-old o'connell 's son ( which resulted in disraeli 's temporary detention by the authorities ) , a reference to " the inextinguishable hatred with which shall pursue existence " , and the accusation that o'connell 's supporters had a " princely revenue wrung from a starving race of fanatical slaves " . |
2249 | chamber | 1 | PERSON | five days before the end of the 1876 session of parliament , on 11 august , disraeli was seen to linger and look around the chamber before departing . |
2250 | polls | 1 | CONCLUSION | in january 1874 , gladstone called a general election , convinced that if he waited longer , he would do worse at the polls . |
2251 | liberal labour mp alexander macdonald | 1 | PERSON |  |
2252 | amid british preparations | 1 | PERSON | amid british preparations for war , the russians and turks agreed to discussions at berlin . |
2253 | spears | 1 | ACTION | as zulu troops could not marry until they had washed their spears in blood , they were eager for combat . |
2254 | huge | 1 | UNKNOWN | a young man with dark hair and huge sideburns lord robert cecil , disraeli 's fierce opponent in the 1860s , but later his ally and successor disraeli led a toothless opposition in the commons—seeing no way of unseating palmerston , derby privately agreed not to seek the government 's defeat . |
2255 | gómez dávila | 1 | PERSON | gómez dávila * |
2256 | putin | 1 | UNKNOWN | kaczyński * netanyahu * modi * putin * abe * bolsonaro * orbán * meloni religion * |
2257 | lefebvre | 1 | PERSON | burnham * lefebvre * |
2258 | parody | 1 | EVENT | disraeli continued to the last to pillory his enemies in barely disguised caricatures : the character st barbe in endymion is widely seen as a parody of thackeray , who had offended disraeli more than thirty years earlier by lampooning him in punch as " codlingsby " . |
2259 | speeches | 1 | SPEECH | disraeli took no public part in the electioneering , it being deemed improper for peers to make speeches to influence commons elections . |
2260 | parentage | 1 | STATE | disraeli , a baptised christian of jewish parentage , was already an mp , as the mandated oath of office presented no barrier to him . |
2261 | gadamer | 1 | PERSON | mannheim * jünger * evola * strauss * röpke * gadamer * freyre * |
2262 | barrier | 1 | ACT | disraeli , a baptised christian of jewish parentage , was already an mp , as the mandated oath of office presented no barrier to him . |
2263 | culture | 1 | PERSON | popular culture disraeli , the first person caricatured in the london magazine vanity fair , 30 january 1869 . |
2264 | governments | 1 | GOVERNMENT | when lord derby , the party leader , thrice formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s , disraeli served as chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the house of commons . |
2265 | visitors | 1 | PERSON | in later years , the german chancellor would show visitors to his office three pictures on the wall : " the portrait of my sovereign , there on the right that of my wife , and on the left , there , that of lord beaconsfield " . |
2266 | arms | 1 | LANGUAGE | arms caption : coat of arms of benjamin disraeli crest issuant from a wreath of oak proper a castle triple-towered argent . |
2267 | regina et imperatrix | 1 | PERSON | once the bill was formally enacted , victoria began signing her letters " victoria r & i " ( latin : regina et imperatrix , queen and empress ) . |
2268 | masters | 1 | PERSON | the house of lords , therefore , at this moment represents everything in the realm except the whig oligarchs , their tools the dissenters , and their masters the irish priests . |
2269 | chartist movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | he was a loyal supporter of the party leader sir robert peel and his policies , with the exception of a personal sympathy for the chartist movement that most tories did not share . |
2270 | roll | 1 | PERSON | the conservatives remained in office because the new electoral register was not yet ready ; neither party wished a poll under the old roll . |
2271 | butler | 1 | PERSON | baldwin * macmillan * butler * howard * |
2272 | thames purification bill | 1 | PERSON | the thames purification bill funded the construction of much larger sewers for london . |
2273 | women disraeli | 1 | PERSON | three portraits ; a man and two women disraeli 's father , mother and sister — |
2274 | blank verse tragedy | 1 | SITUATION | blake commented that disraeli " produced an epic poem , unbelievably bad , and a five-act blank verse tragedy , if possible worse . |
2275 | isle | 1 | PLACE | disraeli went to osborne house on the isle of wight , where the queen asked him to form a government . |
2276 | oak | 1 | PERSON | arms caption : coat of arms of benjamin disraeli crest issuant from a wreath of oak proper a castle triple-towered argent . |
2277 | viceroy | 1 | PERSON | the viceroy of india lord lytton concealed his plans to issue this ultimatum from disraeli , and when the prime minister insisted he take no action , went ahead anyway . |
2278 | catholic churches | 1 | PERSON | lothair was " disraeli 's ideological pilgrim 's progress " , it tells a story of political life with particular regard to the roles of the anglican and roman catholic churches . |
2279 | marcos | 1 | PERSON | pinochet * marcos * park * smith * |
2280 | importation | 1 | PERSON | the sale of food and drugs act 1875 prohibited the mixing of injurious ingredients with articles of food or with drugs , and provision was made for the appointment of analysts ; all tea " had to be examined by a customs official on importation , and when in the opinion of the analyst it was unfit for food , the tea had to be destroyed " . |
2281 | blame | 1 | PERSON | final months , death , and memorials disraeli refused to cast blame for the defeat , which he understood was likely to be final for him . |
2282 | vacant | 1 | UNKNOWN | when the position of archbishop of canterbury fell vacant , disraeli reluctantly agreed to the queen 's preferred candidate , archibald tait , the bishop of london . |
2283 | pall mall gazette | 1 | PERSON | on 14 november 1875 , the editor of the pall mall gazette , frederick greenwood , learned from london banker henry oppenheim that the khedive was seeking to sell his shares in the suez canal company to a french firm . |
2284 | sir david salomons | 1 | PERSON | the first jewish lord mayor of london , sir david salomons , was elected in 1855 , followed by the 1858 emancipation of the jews . |
2285 | manuscript | 1 | EVENT | he had made a tentative start : in may 1824 he submitted a manuscript to his father 's friend , the publisher john murray , but withdrew it before murray could decide whether to publish it . |
2286 | animosity | 1 | PROPERTY | disraeli wrote a personal letter to gladstone , asking him to place the good of the party above personal animosity : " every man performs his office , and there is a power , greater than ourselves , that disposes of all this . " |
2287 | guatemala | 1 | PLACE | france * germany * greece * guatemala * |
2288 | earldom | 1 | UNKNOWN | in addition to the viscounty bestowed on mary anne disraeli , the earldom of beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on edmund burke in 1797 , but he had died before receiving it . |
2289 | targets | 1 | EVENT | his targets included the whigs , collectively and individually , irish nationalists , and political corruption . |
2290 | defences | 1 | PERSON | to make his budget revenue-neutral , as funds were needed to provide defences against the french , he doubled the house tax and continued the income tax . |
2291 | lawyers | 1 | PERSON | the tragedy of count alarcos ( 1839 ) non-fiction * an inquiry into the plans , progress , and policy of the american mining companies ( 1825 ) * lawyers and legislators : or , notes , on the american mining companies ( 1825 ) * |

## Objects sorted by category

Categoría | Objetos
PERSON | abbott abe aberdeen actor actor george arliss adam kirsch adams addition adds adenauer adventurer advocates aesthete affiliations young england aim aims albert aldous alec guinness allies alroy amid british preparations analyst analysts anathema ancestry andrew roberts answer antagonists anti catholicism anti communism anti immigration antony sher appearance appearance opponents appointment granby april monarch victoria april monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone archbishop archbishops archibald tait argent argyll arliss artisans artist ashkenazi attendees author authoritarian authoritarianism authors autobiography b. h. abbott baldwin baron lionel de rothschild baron rothschild baron rowton baronet barrister battle battles bedford row belloc benjamin benjamin austen benjamin disraeli benjamin disraeli crest issuant benjamin senior bentinck bernard glassman best seller bevis marks synagogue bill biographer biographer bernard glassman biographer jonathan parry biographer philip magnus biographer r w davis biographer robert blake biographers bishop bishop blomfield blake blame boarder boer republics bonald booknotes interview boom boost borough constituencies bow mary anne lewis bow tie boy bradford bradford comment brave bread bright bright blue british music hall patrons british run cape colony british voters broad church teachings brother ralph brothers brothers lord henry bentinck budget disraeli burglar burke burnham bush businessmen butler byron c span stanley weintraub cairns calling cameron campaign canal candidate cape colony caricature carlyle carteret webb cartoonists cash castle catholic catholic churches cecil chamber champions chance chancellor character st barbe charlatan charter organisations chateaubriand chelmsford chesterton chief child children christian christianity church church policy churchill civil service disraeli class collaboration clerk clothes clockwise clothes man codes coleridge colleagues commander commoners companion comte de chaudordy concern conservative conservative duke conspirators constituents constitution contarini contract contracts corn laws count alarcos countrymen county constituency courage critic shane leslie croker crown crypto jew culprits culture culture disraeli czar alexander ii d'israeli daughter david butler day boy dean debate bentinck december monarch victoria defences delegates disraeli der derby derby disraeli ministry derby details devout member dismissal display disposes disraeli disraeli disraeli vault dissenters dissident liberals dissidents division divisions dominance dr cogan drew benjamin disraeli duel duke eagle earl easter editions disraeli editor edmund burke election campaign electorate eliezer cogan eliot elite elizabeth ii eminence emperor employer employers encouragement disraeli endymion endymion benjamin disraeli enemies enemy english constitution entry equal essay evola executor executors expert exploitation faith falconet fall farmer farmers father father in law fathers dream favour february monarch victoria prime minister william ewart gladstone felony feminism ferdinand de lesseps fess sable fiction disraeli fierce opponent fifty film hero film historian roy armes film mrs brown finance disraeli first disraeli ministry derby flag united kingdom portal foot fight foreign secretary founder four part atv miniseries disraeli francis grant frederick greenwood free traders freedom french emperor napoleon iii freyre friend friend sharon turner friends frustration fujimori fun fundamentalism gadamer gains garrison gasperi gathorne gathorne hardy general ignatieff general sir garnet wolseley gentleman gentlemen i george george ward hunt german chancellor bismarck given gladstone gladstone godfather gorst gossip governor grade granby grand anglo turkish ballet d'action gravity greasy pole green greenwood grip guizot gómez dávila had gladstone hair portrait halls hand hands harmony heaven henrietta sykes henrietta temple henry hero heroine high commissioner high wycombe historian llewellyn woodward historian michael diamond historians home secretary homes hong kong hoppe hostess house disraeli house tax householders howard hughenden manor hume hungarian statesman julius andrássy hunt husband husband albert ian mcshane identity ill imperialist importation india secretary lord industrialists inspectors intellectuals intermediaries interruptions iorga irish irish catholics irish church irish home rule league irish mp daniel o'connell isaac cardoso isaac d' israeli isaac d'israeli iskander isma j. g. lockhart murray jabotinsky james james brydges willyams jem jesus christ jew jews john bright john charles john everett millais john gielgud john jackson john murray john tenniel john wilson croker johnson journey jude judge july serb populations june disraeli june william iv jünger king knights kohl koselleck kuhn lady bradford lady londonderry landowners law laws lawyer lawyers le bon leader leaders leadership leadership peel leap lee lefebvre legacy legislation liberal liberal chancellor robert lowe liberal earl liberal labour mp alexander macdonald liberal mp nathan rothschild liberal party leader william ewart gladstone liberals liberty lieu lieutenant life childhood disraeli lifetime lincoln line lines linger lion lionel de rothschild lions living loan lockhart lodgers london banker henry oppenheim london disraeli london magazine vanity fair lord barrington lord beaconsfield lord cairns lord chancellor lord chelmsford lord cranborne lord cranbrook lord curzon lord derby lord george bentinck lord granby lord john manners lord john russell lord lyndhurst lord melbourne lord odo russell lord palmerston lord randolph lord randolph churchill lord robert lord robert cecil lord roberts lord rowton lord salisbury lord stanley lord titchfield lords lothair love love story lowe macmillan madam man mann manners mansfield maples marcos marquess mary anne disraeli mary anne lewis mary lewis masters matter matthew arnold mayfair maynooth grant meloni religion member members memorials disraeli men men clockwise men international menace merchants meredith metaxas metternich michael ragussis middle east midlothian campaign militants militia bill minister sir winston churchill ministers miriam mishima mission mockery modi monarch montagu corry morning morning paper mother motto forti nihili difficile notes mourners murray murray entitled england naphtali napoleon ill natal nathan mayer rothschild nathaniel basevy nation nation conservatives caucus nationalists nations navy nephew coningsby netanyahu nordau northcote disraeli nottingham bernal ostborne novelist novels vivian grey o' connell oak oakeshott old depicts disraeli oligarchy one nation one nation conservatism one nation conservatism principles opponent opponents opposition leader orbán origin origins orsini affair osborne oscar ottoman sultan outreach pall mall gazette palmerston loyalists pamphlet pamphlets pantheon pantomime aladdin paper parents parliament back bencher parry party conservative party leader party leader sir robert peel party manager john eldon gorst party rival pasha patriarchy paul smith pearse peel peelite earl peers person persons peterson politicians picketing pilgrim pinochet pitt podium statue poem poet pole policy disraeli policy legislation politician politicians poll pope portrait powles prejudices president pride priests prime minister robert peel prince principle principles priorities private profligate profound implications protectionists prussian count otto von bismarck prussian crown princess prussian crown princess victoria public worship regulation publisher john murray punch queen queen victoria radical radical reformers radicals radziwill palace railway laws ralph ranke reaction realities rebels receptions recipient reform bill reforms regina et imperatrix relatives resentment rev john potticary reviewers revolutionary reza shah rhine rhine valley richard aldous richard assheton cross right honourable the earl ripon rise ritualists rival rival gladstone rivalry robert blake robert cecil robert o' kell roberts roland quinault roll romance rosebery rothschild royal titles royal titles bill rump bereft russell saffet pasha salisbury sampson gideon samuel wilberforce sarah sarah bradford sarah brydges willyams sarah disraeli satisfactory scholar school law screen actor george arliss scruton second secretary see self portrait selina senior september sir louis cavagnari servants set backs sharp shelley siblings sideburns lord robert cecil sidney herbert sigh silence sir bartle sir david salomons sir francis sykes sir george cornewall lewis sir ian malcolm sir robert napier sir stafford northcote sister small small c smallest smallpox smith solicitor solicitors solzhenitsyn son sons sovereign spengler spouse mary anne evans ​ ​ squire stanley stanley disraeli stanley weintraub start disraeli statesman statesmen statue stature statute staunchest steven fielding stevens stock stocks story strauss streak strength student successor disraeli suez suez portrait summer summers supporter supporters dexter swain sybil sydney turner t f maples taine tait tancred tariff taunton taunton constituency tea telegraph companies tewodros thackeray thames purification bill thatcher theocritus theravada buddhism third derby disraeli ministry after derby thorold dickinson threat ties todd endelman tomb top torture tory tory candidate tory circles tory concepts tory defections tory democracy tory democrat tory gains tory leader tory mps tory parliamentary candidate tory party tory policies tory politician tory schism tower argent trade traders tradition intellectuals tsar alexander ii turner ultra principles uncle vault venetia venture viceroy victorian victorian britain victorian clothes victorian politics victory view views villain virtuoso viscount cranbrook viscount hughenden visitors vivian grey voters warnings westminster abbey whig leader whig member whig members whig reform bill widow wife wife mary anne viscountess wilberforce william ewart gladstone william ewart gladstone chancellor william ewart gladstone leader william ewart gladstone personal details born benjamin d' israeli william gladstone william kuhn william meredith winner winston wish woman women disraeli women friends wondrous tale workman workmen world affairs worship writer writer douglas hurd writer john gibson lockhart writer r. w. stewart writers wyndham lewis year disraeli years disraeli young duke young england young england trilogy zia zulu impi élite ​ parents
PLACE | administration affair affairs afghanistan aftermath aisle all angels american areas argentina australia austria babble bank banker beaconsfield beaconsfield kg pc dl jp frs disraeli belgium belize berlin birmingham black sea bloomsbury bosnia brazil britain british house buckinghamshire buckinghamshire constituency bulgaria bulgaria cavalry bulgarian town cairo canada canterbury capital chiang chile china city closeness colombia constituencies constituency country county crimea cuba curzon street cyprus cyprus convention de lesseps death mask denmark description bulgaria disraeli dollfuss dublin east eastern edinburgh edinburghshire egypt england ethiopia europe events finland france french gap gentlemen germany greece guatemala guild hall half hartington herzegovina home horizon horizons horthy house hungary iceland imperialism india india lord lytton inhabitants ireland isaac island isle islington italy kabul kandahar kars liverpool london luxembourg magazine malaysia malta manchester mannheim maria maria basevi signature cursive signature mediterranean mexico middlesex midst monarchy more name beaconsfield netherlands new new crusade new generation new zealand norway office osborne house ottomans pakistan panama paris park parliament square parliamentary sense and partition pas de deux pasco paths pen peru place point poland post office province quarter realm reign road ruler rulers russia salazar san stefano san stefano treaty sanitation scotland sea sea journey serbia shrewsbury side side capable singapore south south africa south american south korea southwark sovereignty spain split st mawgan st michael state funeral state model street stronghold subcontinent suez canal suez canal share purchase sweden taiwan tax territory town turkey turks ukraine united kingdom united kingdom general election united states united states related ideologies venetian descent victoria victoria r vizier wake wales wellington western plutocrat winchester wit world
EVENT | absentees admiration advance afghans alternative ambition ambitions amendment amendments american civil war anglican establishment anglo afghan war anglo zulu war attack attacks audience bribery cabinet cession choice cinema audience circumstances clerkship clothes coast collision comment comments competition cost court courts creation crime crimean war crisis customs damage death debacle demand demands departure desire dictatorship disagreement disaster discussion discussions ejection elevation empress english episodes establishment event fascism films grasp hope hopes impulse incense infernal marriage interpretation intransigence issue leadership ambitions liberal amendments life loathing manuscript marriage mistake mistakes morality municipalities no confidence vote novel novelty opening opposition ottoman territorial integrity outset papacy para fascism parody passage patriotism peace privy councillor problems profile protectionist cabinet reason reasons refrain regard representative resignation resolution resolutions respect rites russo turkish war second anglo afghan war sectarianism sense sentiment sewers signing society novel spite sympathy talents targets three quarters throne topics tour ultimatum visit visits vogue vote votes war wars wight world events world war xenophobia
ACT | academy award achievement act allegations application atrocities baptism barrier betrayal combination conduct conference confrontation constantinople conference conviction corrupt practices act criticism depravity description disambiguation door drugs act duality dwellings improvement act elementary education act emancipation emmy award encampment erudition expedition expense factory act flattery furtherance honeymoon ideas incumbency india act influx inquiry instructions jews relief act mixing nationalisation parliaments part flattery persecution pragmatism prominent property act protection public health act recess reform act reform acts remarks removal repeal repetition representation response retirement scruples scrutiny solutions success support teaching uprising workmen act
CONCEPT | agrarianism anglicanism antisemitism berlusconism bukelism cameronism chartism chiangism clericalism communitarianism complementarianism concept confucianism corporatism erdoğanism essentialism familialism francoism fujimorism gaullism historism integralism islamism judaism khomeinism maternalism metaxism monarchism natalism nativism ordoliberalism organicism patriarchalism pinochetism powellism putinism qutbism reaganism religious zionism royalism solecisms thatcherism toryism trigger trumpism ultramontanism
PERIOD | april august bubble centuries century cut weeks day days december easter monday examination february february december half years hours january july june late lull march may minutes moment month months november october office april office december office february office july past period primrose day quarter century september session sixth year time week weeks year years
STATE | allegiance alliance attachment blood boyhood british empire business confederation contemplation debate differences doubt drama dramas empire failure greatness horrors intent irritation knee knowledge loyalty norms orange free state ottoman empire parentage pessimism philosophy possession possessions procession propaganda quickness self consciousness speed state uniqueness
ACTION | action actions attempt attempts british politics challenge confirmation effort efforts funeral gestures icon politics impact intervention party politics politics proceedings progress project publication search sensation shares soundings spears sub title title titles
GROUP | birthday british control business partners card coalition coalitions control couple crowd crowds governing coalition group invasion invasions margin meritocracy minority occupation protest rivals socialism soldiers tory reform group young england group
ABSTRACT ENTITY | approval balmoral base cancer coat construction converts depiction depictions diary edition evils example go between kind low memoirs memory proposal prose vindication
AMOUNT | accusation advancement breaches charge depth discharge exchequer extravagances grain prices ground grounds handling leader in waiting notice prices purchase reform salary task thoughts volumes
CONDITION | advantage arms caption asthma birth combat condition consumption dark dissension dissensions executions gout grief ignorance improprieties infirmities pains schemes stability victories
INSTITUTION | british east india company carlton club civil service east india company exclusively tory carlton club firm institutions melbourne ministry ministry oxford press school second disraeli ministry service society suez canal company tutor university whig ministry winchester college
STATEMENT | acclaim commonplace exception fiction memorial non fiction platitudes plea proportion re telling return returns risk rumours statement statements widespread acclaim
PROPERTY | age agitation animosity delicate health health jewishness maidstone seat majority property public health reading seat seats stances traditionalist catholicism unpopularity
HUMAN GROUP | army bentinck family chartist movement committee council family federation movement ottoman army parliament people state people troops vote british people zulu troops
RESULT | basis contrast date dependent election results exchange exchanges portrayal portrayals promotion result results sale sixth stock exchange
NUMBER | board bumper crops career careers chambers crops guard itv series number number oration parliamentary career reference rest videos video weather
POWER | british power by election by elections commons elections december general election election elections general election influence motives power powers re election world power
ENTITY | ambassador back benches bench book books british ambassador congregation existence front bench opposition benches provinces sides thing towns
FORCE | character characters climb conservative party force liberal party mines party rebellion rebellions security struggles
INSTANCE | aspect aspects commission consolation emoluments families reshuffle spirituality tolls whigs bawl white terror
QUANTITY | aid custom discourse faults financing funds grain mass pillow seas vacancy
SET | aristocracy cities connections dress mores nationalism personality protocol scene sephardi aristocracy trilogy
ACTIVITY | bursting congress electioneering everything feelings labour party meetings meeting slump synagogue work
ARTICLE | articles berlin main article chancellor main article derby government main article election main article exchequer first derby government main article journal article royal titles act main article term main articles zululand main articles
GOVERNMENT | aberdeen government british government derby government disraeli government government governments independent governments inn minority government staff
DEVICE | clergyman clergymen device dizzy guns nomination satire satires slaves
ELEMENT | attention cautions cure descendants elements interest interests link self interest
ABILITY | ability absolutism conservatism variants imagination note poetry subject traditionalist school personal variants ziaism national variants
PROCESS | accent authorship decay degree education losing negotiation negotiations schooling
POSITION | misgivings position positions premiership premierships sinecure trip viewpoint
HUMAN ROLE | british prime minister december prime minister february prime minister june prime minister lord mayor minister portrait prime minister prime minister
ARTIFACT | builder flowers francs output peace treaty protectionist features root treaty
ATTITUDE | attitude attitudes black conservatism conservatism duties duty lgbt conservatism
DECISION | advice appointment appointments decision decisions recovery voice
RULE | criteria dogma policies policy relativism rule subsidiarity
AGREEMENT | agreement concert exposition loans party truce themes
COLLECTION | account bestseller democrat myth miles peerage primacy
QUALITY | chances democracy fondness qualities selfishness turpitude
PURPOSE | acceptance letter letters meaning partisan significance purpose
EMOTION | affection confidence fear sexuality sickness tension
MONEY | debts money mud princely revenue propagation taxation
PERMISSION | borough franchises concessions franchise reinforcements short version
UNIT | detachment family history history register voting register
TRUST | belief beliefs elitism opinion part belief
RANK | promoter rank ranks source stewardship
TERM | officers superior officer term terms unification
SITUATION | blank verse tragedy deal perils situation tragedy
WORD | ancestors garter tribes word words
STATUS | authorities authority capacity status synagogue authorities
EFFECT | effect effects experience experiences test
SPEECH ACT | commentary conversion message print sketches
FORM | form intellect match revenge survival
QUESTION | eastern question question questions schleswig holstein question
BODY | body defeat liberalism wreath
TENDENCY | fashion ingredients sort suit
ROLE | gender roles governing role role roles
DOCUMENT | mighty prototype property qualification title page transit
STUDY | agriculture cases climate study
GARMENT | balance impressions order overall
LANGUAGE | arms language liking spells
NAME | name names pen name steps
STYLE | copy model style tradition
INFORMATION | background bulletins information mercantile background
SOUND | alt discord distinction uproar
RESOURCE | detention doctors plots wall
FOOD | bismarck dinner food word spread
VALUE | future sensibility value values
CAUSE | cause reproach sacrament
CONCLUSION | polls sight suffrage
SPEECH | memorial speech speech speeches
RELATIONSHIP | friendship rapport relationship
TOOL | rescue tools trowel
SEQUENCE | biography colonies post
PART | chancellor—in part politics nearer works part
OCCURRENCE | access earthquakes production
SUBSTANCE | clouds foundation transaction
PORTION | face reverse surname
INCREASE | growth increase rallies
DISPUTE | dispute quarrel trade dispute
USE | use uses
COGNITIVE STATE | insight theory
DISTANCE | endurance prominence
SYSTEM | protectionism system
PICTURE | picture pictures
FIGURE | figure figures
LIGHT | sabres wheat
DISEASE | disease income
OPPORTUNITY | approach opportunity
BALL | field fields
MEASURE | measure measures
TREATMENT | paternalism treatment
REQUEST | motion request
IMAGE | image portraits
ASSET | asset oath
SUGGESTION | recommendation suggestion
SYMBOL | press reports reports
LIQUID | whig whigs
SERIES | outstanding limited series series
SKILL | skill statesmanship
DOCUMENT PART | budget conspiracy
HEAD | head wig
DEFICIENCY | disarray great famine
TECHNIQUE | techniques
PARTICLE | range
TIME PERIOD | anniversary
LAND | domain
ILLNESS | illness
ROOM | rooms
ESTATE | boroughs
PHRASE | phrase
DISCIPLINE | discipline
WATER | waters
ANYTHING | anything
OFFER | offer
WOOD | sir charles wood
HILL | higham hill
ORGANISATION | mark
PROPOSITION | parallel
ABSENCE | absence
NATURE | nature
METAL | followers
STAGE | stage
ACQUISITION | housing
FIRE | fire
WAVE | wave
ARTWORK | film
SIMILARITY | correspondence
LOCATION | works list
RELATION | relations
HAIR | hair
RACE | race
BRANCH | diplomacy
RESPONSIBILITY | responsibility
COMMITMENT | commitment
SHIP | ships
ENERGY | energy
PLANT | primroses
BOMB | bomb
AIR | air
FOOT | feet
GAME | scène de triomphe
BEVERAGE | malt
TRAIN | train
DRUG | drugs
HORSE | fork
ARRANGEMENT | arrangement
SUCCESSION | succession
REPUTATION | reputation
SPACE | chancel