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British politician ( 1801-1886 ) The Right Honourable The Earl of Shaftesbury KG Anthony Ashley-Cooper , 7th Earl of Shaftsbury by John Collier Successor The 8th Earl of Shaftesbury Known for Philanthropy Years active 44 years Born ( 1801-04-28) 28 April 1801 24 Grosvenor Square , Mayfair , London , England Died 1 October 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 Clifton Gardens , Folkestone , Kent , England Cause of death Inflammation of the lungs Buried The parish church on his estate at Wimborne St Giles , Dorset Nationality British Spouse(s ) Lady Emily Cowper Issue 10 Parents Cropley Ashley-Cooper , 6th Earl of Shaftesbury Lady Anne Spencer Quartered arms of Anthony Ashley-Cooper , 7th Earl of Shaftesbury , KG Anthony Ashley-Cooper , 7th Earl of Shaftesbury KG ( 28 April 1801 - 1 October 1885 ) , styled Lord Ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a British Tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . He was the eldest son of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Anne Spencer ( daughter of the 4th Duke of Marlborough ) , and elder brother of Henry Ashley , MP . A social reformer who was called the " Poor Man 's Earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . He was also an early supporter of the Zionist movement and the YMCA and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the Church of England . Early life Lord Ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at Manor House school in Chiswick , London ( 1812-1813 ) , Harrow School ( 1813-1816 ) and Christ Church , Oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his MA in 1832 and was appointed DCL in 1841 . Whilst at Oxford , he joined the Apollo University Lodge . Ashley 's early family life was loveless , a circumstance common among the British upper classes . G. F. A . Best , in his biography Shaftesbury , writes that " Ashley grew up without any experience of parental love . He saw little of his parents , and when duty or necessity compelled them to take notice of him they were formal and frightening . " Even as an adult , he disliked his father and was known to refer to his mother as " a devil " . This difficult childhood was softened by the affection he received from the family housekeeper Maria Millis , and his sisters . Millis provided for Ashley a model of Christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as Best explains : " What did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her Christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . She told him bible stories , she taught him a prayer . " Despite this powerful reprieve , school became another source of misery for the young Ashley , whose education at Manor House from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range of horrors " . Shaftesbury himself shuddered to recall those years : " The place was bad , wicked , filthy ; and the treatment was starvation and cruelty . " By his teenage years Ashley had become a committed Christian , and whilst at Harrow he had two experiences which influenced his later life . " Once , at the foot of Harrow Hill , he was the horrified witness of a pauper 's funeral . The drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . The second incident was his unusual choice of a subject for a Latin poem . In the school grounds , there was an unsavoury mosquito-breeding pond called the Duck Puddle . He chose it as his subject because he was urgently concerned that the school authorities should do something about it , and this appeared to be the simplest way of bringing it to their attention . Soon afterwards the Duck Puddle was inspected , condemned and filled in . This little triumph was a useful fillip to his self-confidence , but it was more than that . It was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . This was to prove one of his greatest assets in Parliament . " Political career Ashley was elected as the Tory Member of Parliament for Woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the Duke of Marlborough ) in June 1826 and was a strong supporter of the Duke of Wellington . After George Canning replaced Lord Liverpool as Prime Minister , he offered Ashley a place in the new government , despite Ashley having been in the Commons for only five months . Ashley politely declined , writing in his diary that he believed that serving under Canning would be a betrayal of his allegiance to the Duke of Wellington and that he was not qualified for office . Before he had completed one year in the Commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in June 1827 , when he was appointed to the Select Committee on Pauper Lunatics in the County of Middlesex and on Lunatic Asylums . Reform of the Lunacy laws See also : History of psychiatric institutions Lord Shaftesbury by Henry Hering In 1827 , when Ashley-Cooper was appointed to the Select Committee on Pauper Lunatics in the County of Middlesex and on Lunatic Asylums , the majority of lunatics in London were kept in madhouses owned by Dr Warburton . The Committee examined many witnesses concerning one of his madhouses in Bethnal Green , called the White House . Ashley visited this on the committee 's behalf . The patients were chained up , slept naked on straw , and excreted in their beds . They were left chained from Saturday afternoon until Monday morning when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement . They were then washed down in freezing cold water and one towel was allotted to 160 people , with no soap . It was overcrowded , and the meat provided was " that nasty thick hard muscle a dog could not eat " . The White House had been described as " a mere place for dying " rather than curing the insane and when the Committee asked Dr MacMichael whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums in the neighbourhood of London any curative process is going on with regard to pauper patients " , he replied : " None at all " . Lord Shaftesbury by George Frederick Watts The Committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a Board of Commissioners appointed by the Home Secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . When in February 1828 Robert Gordon , Liberal MP for Cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , Ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the Bill . He wrote in his diary : " So , by God 's blessing , my first effort has been for the advance of human happiness . May I improve hourly ! Fright almost deprived me of recollection but again thank Heaven , I did not sit down quite a presumptuous idiot " . Ashley was also involved in framing the County Lunatic Asylums ( England ) Act 1828 and the Madhouses Act 1828 . Through these Acts , fifteen commissioners were appointed for the London area and given extensive powers of licensing and inspection , one of the commissioners being Ashley . In July 1845 , Ashley sponsored two Lunacy Acts , ' For the Regulation of lunatic Asylums ' and ' For the better Care and Treatment of Lunatics in England and Wales ' . They originated in the Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy which he had commended to Parliament the year before . These Acts consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws , providing better record keeping and more strict certification regulations to ensure patients against unwarranted detention . They also ordered , instead of merely permitting , the construction of country lunatic asylums and establishing an ongoing Lunacy Commission with Ashley as its chairman . In support of these measures , Ashley gave a speech in which he claimed that although since 1828 there had been an improvement , more still needed to be done . He cited the case of a Welsh lunatic girl , Mary Jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . The room was extremely filthy and filled with an intolerable smell . She could only squat in a bent position in the room and this had caused her to become deformed . The Earl of Shaftesbury by Carlo Pellegrini , 1869 In early 1858 , a Select Committee was appointed over concerns that sane persons were detained in lunatic asylums . Lord Shaftesbury ( as Ashley had become upon his father 's death in 1851 ) was the chief witness and opposed the suggestion that the certification of insanity be made more difficult and that early treatment of insanity was essential if there was to be any prospect of a cure . He claimed that only one or two people in his time dealing with lunacy had been detained in an asylum without sufficient grounds and that commissioners should be granted more not fewer powers . The committee 's Report endorsed all of Shaftesbury 's recommendations except for one : that a magistrate 's signature on a certificate of lunacy be made compulsory . This was not put into law chiefly due to Shaftesbury 's opposition to it . The Report also agreed with Shaftesbury that unwarranted detentions were " extremely rare " . In July 1877 , Shaftesbury gave evidence before the Select Committee on the Lunacy Laws , which had been appointed in February over concerns that it was too easy for sane persons to be detained in asylums . Shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " Shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " When " the hour of trial " arrived Shaftesbury defended the Lunacy Commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the Lunacy Commission was established in 1828 . It had been " a state of things such as would pass all belief " . In the committee 's Report , the members of the Committee agreed with Shaftesbury 's evidence on all points . In 1884 , the husband of Mrs Georgina Weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . She commenced legal action against Shaftesbury and other lunacy commissioners although it failed . In May , Shaftesbury spoke in the Lords against a motion declaring the lunacy laws unsatisfactory but the motion passed Parliament . The Lord Chancellor Selborne supported a Lunacy Law Amendment Bill and Shaftesbury wanted to resign from the Lunacy Commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a Bill supported by the Lord Chancellor . However , Selborne implored him not to resign so Shaftesbury refrained . However , when the Bill was introduced and it contained the provision which made it compulsory for a certificate of lunacy to be signed by a magistrate or a judge , he resigned . The government fell , however , and the Bill was withdrawn and Shaftesbury resumed his chairmanship of the Lunacy Commission . Shaftesbury 's work in improving the care of the insane remains one of his most important , though lesser known , achievements . He wrote : " Beyond the circle of my own Commissioners and the lunatics that I visit , not a soul , in great or small life , not even my associates in my works of philanthropy , has any notion of the years of toil and care that , under God , I have bestowed on this melancholy and awful question " . Child labour In March 1833 , Ashley introduced the Ten Hours Act 1833 into the Commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a Saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . However the Whig government , by a majority of 145 , amended this to substitute " thirteen " in place of " eighteen " and the Act as it passed ensured that no child under thirteen worked more than nine hours . In June 1836 , another Ten Hours act was introduced into the Commons and although Ashley considered this Bill ill-timed , he supported it . In July one member of the Lancashire committees set up to support the Bill wrote that : " If there was one man in England more devoted to the interests of the factory people than another , it was Lord Ashley . They might always rely on him as a ready , steadfast and willing friend " . In July 1837 , he accused the government of ignoring the breaches of the 1833 Act and moved the resolution that the House regretted the regulation of the working hours of children had been found to be unsatisfactory . It was lost by fifteen votes . The text of A Narrative of the Experience and Sufferings of William Dodd a Factory Cripple was sent to Lord Ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . Ashley employed William Dodd at 45 shillings a week , and he wrote The Factory System : Illustrated to describe the conditions of working children in textile manufacture . This was published in 1842 . These books were attacked by John Bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described Dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by Dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . Ashley sacked Dodd who emigrated to America . In 1842 , Ashley wrote twice to the Prime Minister , Robert Peel , to urge the government to support a new Factory Act . Peel wrote in reply that he would not support one , and Ashley wrote to the Short Time Committees of Cheshire , Lancashire and Yorkshire who desired a Ten Hours Act : Though painfully disappointed , I am not disheartened , nor am I at a loss either what course to take , or what advice to give . I shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the Constitution afford , in petitions to Parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . I know that , in resolving on this step , I exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; I rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as God in His wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — Battiscombe 1974 , pp . 143-144 In March 1844 , Ashley moved an amendment to a Factory Bill limiting the working hours of adolescents to ten hours after Sir James Graham had introduced a Bill aiming to limit their working hours to twelve hours . Ashley 's amendment was passed by eight votes , the first time the Commons had approved of the Ten Hour principle . However , in a later vote , his amendment was defeated by seven votes and the Bill was withdrawn . Later that month , Graham introduced another Bill which again would limit the employment of adolescents to twelve hours . Ashley supported this Bill except that he wanted ten hours not twelve as the limit . In May he moved an amendment to limit the hours worked to ten hours but this was lost by 138 votes . In 1846 , whilst he was out of Parliament , Ashley strongly supported John Fielden 's Ten Hours Bill , which was lost by ten votes . In January 1847 , Fielden reintroduced his Bill and it finally passed through Parliament to become the Ten Hours Act . Miners Ashley introduced the Mines and Collieries Act 1842 in Parliament to outlaw the employment of women and children underground in coal mines . He made a speech in support of the Act and the Prince Consort wrote to him afterwards , sending him the " best wishes for your total success " . At the end of his speech , his opponent on the Ten Hours issue , Richard Cobden , walked over to Ashley and said : " You know how opposed I have been to your views , but I do n't think I have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as I have been by your speech . " Climbing boys Ashley was a strong supporter of prohibiting the employment of boys as chimney sweeps . Many climbing boys were illegitimate who had been sold by their parents . They had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . In 1840 , a Bill was introduced into the Commons outlawing the employment of boys as chimney sweeps , and strongly supported by Ashley . Despite being enforced in London , elsewhere the Act did not stop the employment of child chimney sweeps and this led to the foundation of the Climbing-Boys ' Society with Ashley as its chairman . In 1851 , 1853 and 1855 , Shaftesbury introduced Bills into Parliament to deal with the ongoing use of boy chimney sweeps but these were all defeated . He succeeded in passing the Chimney Sweepers Regulation Act 1864 but , like its predecessors , it remained ineffectual . Shaftesbury finally persuaded Parliament to pass the Chimney Sweepers Act 1875 which ensured the annual licensing of chimney sweeps and the enforcement of the law by the police . This finally eradicated the employment of boys as chimney sweeps . After Shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in Brock Street , London , he rescued the child and sent him to " the Union School at Norwood Hill , where , under God 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common Saviour " . Education reform In 1844 , Ashley became president of the Ragged School Union that promoted ragged schools . These schools were for poor children and sprang up from volunteers . Ashley wrote that " If the Ragged School system were to fail I should not die in the course of nature , I should die of a broken heart " . Housing reform In 1851 two acts were passed at Shaftesbury 's insistence concerning lodging houses . This marked , according to one study , " the first attempt of the legislature to grapple with the question of unhealthy dwellings . " The Common Lodging Houses Act 1851 , which Charles Dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in Parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " In addition , local authorities were given the power to make regulations for common-lodging houses and exact penalties for regulation breaches . Regular cleansing and whitewashing were enforced while it was rendered compulsory " for the keeper of a lodging-house to give immediate notice of any case of fever or infectious disease in the house to the local authority , to the Poor Law medical officer and the relieving officer . " The Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act 1851 " empowered borough councils and local boards to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges , management , etc . Such lodging-houses were under the inspection of the local boards of health . " Animal welfare Shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the Victoria Street Society for the Protection of Animals from Vivisection . He was also a vice-president of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals . He argued for total abolition of vivisection , not reform . In 1879 , he delivered a speech condemning the practice of vivisection and questioned why vivisectionists were subjecting " God 's creatures to such unspeakable sufferings ? " . Religious restoration Zionist movement Further information : Zionism Shaftesbury was a pre-millennial evangelical Anglican who believed in the imminent second coming of Christ . His belief underscored the urgency of immediate action . He strongly opposed Roman Catholic Church ritualism among High Church Anglicans . He also disapproved of the Catholic features of the Oxford Movement in the Church of England . He denounced the Maynooth College Act 1845 , which funded the Catholic seminary in Ireland that would train many priests . However , disagreeing with his father , he favored Catholic Emancipation . " Memorandum to the Protestant Powers of the North of Europe and America " , published in the Colonial Times ( Hobart , Tasmania , Australia ) , in 1841 Shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical Anglicanism . Shaftesbury was President of the British and Foreign Bible Society ( BFBS ) from 1851 until his death in 1885 . He wrote , of the Bible Society , " Of all Societies , this is nearest to my heart... Bible Society has always been a watchword in our house . " He was also president of the Evangelical Alliance for some time . Shaftesbury was also a student of Edward Bickersteth and the two men became prominent advocates of Christian Zionism in Britain . Shaftesbury was an early proponent of the Restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle Jews in Palestine . The conquest of the region of Syria in 1831 by Muhammad Ali of Egypt changed the conditions under which European power politics operated in the Near East . As a consequence of that shift , Shaftesbury was able to help persuade Foreign Minister Palmerston to send a British consul , James Finn , to Jerusalem in 1838 . A committed Christian and a loyal Englishman , Shaftesbury argued for a Jewish return because of what he saw as the political and economic advantages Britain would gain from this and because he believed that it was God 's will . In January 1839 , Shaftesbury published an article in the Quarterly Review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 Letters on Egypt , Edom and the Holy Land ( 1838 ) by Lord Lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle Jews in Palestine : In 1848 , Shaftesbury became president of the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews , of which Finn was a prominent member . The soil and climate of Palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of Great Britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . Capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a British officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of Palestine ; and the Jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the English consul , a mediator between their people and the Pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of Judaea and Galilee . — Masalha 2014 , p. 83 The lead-up to the Crimean War ( 1854 ) , like the military expansionism of Muhammad Ali two decades earlier , signalled an opening for realignments in the Near East . In July 1853 , Shaftesbury wrote to the Prime Minister , Lord Aberdeen , that Greater Syria was " a country without a nation " in need of " a nation without a country... Is there such a thing ? To be sure there is , the ancient and rightful lords of the soil , the Jews ! " In his diary that year he wrote " these vast and fertile regions will soon be without a ruler , without a known and acknowledged power to claim dominion . The territory must be assigned to some one or other... There is a country without a nation ; and God now in his wisdom and mercy , directs us to a nation without a country . " This is commonly cited as an early use of the phrase " A land without a people for a people without a land " by which Shaftesbury was echoing another British proponent of the restoration of the Jews to Palestine , Dr Alexander Keith . Bust of Anthony Ashley-Cooper , by F. Winter , 1886 . In the collection of the Dorset Museum , Dorchester Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade Shaftesbury served as the first president of the Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . The Society was formed by Quaker businessmen in 1874 , and Shaftesbury was president from 1880 until his death . The Society 's efforts eventually led to the creation of the investigative Royal Commission on Opium . Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain in Piccadilly Circus , London , erected in 1893 , was designed to commemorate his philanthropic works . The fountain is crowned by Alfred Gilbert 's aluminium statue of Anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . This is officially titled The Angel of Christian Charity , but has become popularly if mistakenly known as Eros . It appears on the masthead of the Evening Standard . Veneration Lord Shaftesbury was a member of the Canterbury Association , as were two of Wilberforce 's sons , Samuel and Robert . Lord Ashley joined on 27 March 1848 . Anthony Ashley Cooper is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 1 October . Family Lord Shaftesbury , then Lord Ashley , married Lady Emily Caroline Catherine Frances Cowper ( died 15 October 1872 ) , daughter of Peter Cowper , 5th Earl Cowper and Emily Lamb , Countess Cowper ; Emily is likely in fact to have been the natural daughter of Lord Palmerston ( later her official stepfather ) , on 10 June 1830 . This marriage , which proved a happy and fruitful one , produced ten children . It also provided invaluable political connections for Ashley ; his wife 's maternal uncle was Lord Melbourne and her stepfather ( and supposed biological father ) Lord Palmerston , both prime ministers . The children , who mostly had various degrees of ill-health , were : 1. Anthony Ashley-Cooper , 8th Earl of Shaftesbury ( 27 June 1831 - 13 April 1886 ) , ancestor of all subsequent earls . He proved to be a disappointing heir apparent , constantly running up debts with his extravagant wife Harriet , born Lady Harriet Chichester . 2. ( Anthony ) Francis Henry Ashley-Cooper , second son ( b. 13 March 1833 - 13 May 1849 ) 3. ( Anthony ) Maurice William Ashley-Cooper , third son ( 22 July 1835 - 19 August 1855 ) , died aged 20 , after several years of illness . 4. ( Anthony ) Evelyn Melbourne Ashley ( 24 July 1836 - 15 November 1907 ) , married firstly 28 July 1866 Sybella Charlotte Farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 August 1886 ) , daughter of Sir Walter Farquhar , 3rd Baronet by his wife Lady Mary Octavia Somerset , a daughter of the Duke of Beaufort and had one son Wilfred William Ashley , and one daughter . His granddaughter was Edwina Ashley , later Lady Mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters Patricia , Countess Mountbatten of Burma ( 1924-2017 ) and Lady Pamela Hicks ( b. 1929 ) . Evelyn Ashley left several other descendants via his daughter and Edwina 's younger sister . Evelyn Ashley married 2ndly 30 June 1891 Lady Alice Elizabeth Cole ( 4 February 1853 - 25 August 1931 ) , daughter of William Willoughby Cole , 3rd Earl of Enniskillen by his first wife Jane Casamajor , no issue . Evelyn Melbourne Ashley died on 15 November 1907 . 5. Lady Victoria Elizabeth Ashley , later Lady Templemore ( 23 September 1837 - 15 February 1927 ) , married 8 January 1873 ( aged 35 ) St George 's , Hanover Square , London Harry Chichester , 2nd Baron Templemore ( 4 June 1821 - 10 June 1906 ) , son of Arthur Chichester , 1st Baron Templemore and Lady Augusta Paget , and had issue. 6 . ( Anthony ) Lionel George Ashley-Cooper ( b. 7 September 1838 - 1914 ) . He married 12 December 1868 Frances Elizabeth Leigh " Fanny ( d. 12 August 1875 ) , daughter of Capel Hanbury Leigh ; apparently had no issue. 7 . Lady Mary Charlotte Ashley-Cooper , second daughter ( 25 July 1842 - 3 September 1861 ) . 8 . Lady Constance Emily Ashley-Cooper , third daughter , or " Conty " ( 29 November 1845 - 16 December 1872 or 1871 of lung disease ) . 9 . Lady Edith Florence Ashley-Cooper , fourth daughter ( 1 February 1847 - 25 November 1913 ) 10 . ( Anthony ) Cecil Ashley-Cooper , sixth son and tenth and youngest child ( 8 August 1849 - 23 September 1932 ) ; apparently died unmarried . Legacy Although he was offered a burial at Westminster Abbey , Shaftesbury wished to be buried at St. Giles . George Williams ( YMCA ) chaired the organising committee of his funeral , and was a pall-bearer at it . A funeral service was held in Westminster Abbey during the early morning of 8 October and the streets along the route from Grosvenor Square and Westminster Abbey were thronged with poor people , costermongers , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers who waited for hours to see Shaftesbury 's coffin as it passed by . Due to his constant advocacy for the better treatment of the working classes , Shaftesbury became known as the " Poor Man 's Earl " . A white marble statue commemorates Shaftesbury near the west door of Westminster Abbey . One of his biographers , Georgina Battiscombe , has claimed that " No man has in fact ever done more to lessen the extent of human misery or to add to the sum total of human happiness " . Statue of Ashley-Cooper by Joseph Edgar Boehm , Westminster Abbey Three days after his death , Charles Spurgeon eulogised him , saying : During the past week the church of God , and the world at large , have sustained a very serious loss . In the taking home to Himself by our gracious Lord of the Earl of Shaftesbury , we have , in my judgment , lost the best man of the age . I do not know whom I should place second , but I certainly should put him first— far beyond all other servants of God within my knowledge— for usefulness and influence . He was a man most true in his personal piety , as I know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of God and truth . Take him whichever way you please , he was admirable : he was faithful to God in all his house , fulfilling both the first and second commands of the law in fervent love to God , and hearty love to man . He occupied his high position with singleness of purpose and immovable steadfastness : where shall we find his equal ? If it is not possible that he was absolutely perfect , it is equally impossible for me to mention a single fault ; for I saw none . He exhibited scriptural perfection , inasmuch as he was sincere , true , and consecrated . Those things which have been regarded as faults by the loose thinkers of this age are prime virtues in my esteem . They called him narrow ; and in this they bear unconscious testimony to his loyalty to truth . I rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . He felt that there was a vital and eternal difference between truth and error ; consequently , he did not act or talk as if there was much to be said on either side , and , therefore , no one could be quite sure . We shall not know for many a year how much we miss in missing him ; how great an anchor he was to this drifting generation , and how great a stimulus he was to every movement for the benefit of the poor . Both man and beast may unite in mourning him : he was the friend of every living thing . He lived for the oppressed ; he lived for London ; he lived for the nation ; he lived still more for God . He has finished his course ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave with the sorrow of those that have no hope , yet we cannot but mourn that a great man and a prince has fallen this day in Israel . Surely , the righteous are taken away from the evil to come , and we are left to struggle on under increasing difficulties .

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british [UNKNOWN] politician [PERSON] ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury kg [UNKNOWN] anthony [PERSON] ashley-cooper , 7th earl [PERSON] of shaftsbury [UNKNOWN] by john collier successor [PERSON] the 8th earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury known [UNKNOWN] for philanthropy [GROUP] years [PERIOD] active 44 years born [PERSON] ( 1801-04-28) 28 april [PERIOD] 1801 24 grosvenor square [PLACE] , mayfair [PERSON] , london [PLACE] , england [PLACE] died 1 october [PERIOD] 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens [PERSON] , folkestone [UNKNOWN] , kent [PLACE] , england cause [CAUSE] of death inflammation [CONDITION] of the lungs [BODY] buried the parish church [PERSON] on his estate [ESTATE] at wimborne st giles [PERSON] , dorset nationality british [UNKNOWN] spouse(s ) lady emily cowper issue [PERSON] 10 parents [STATE] cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury lady anne spencer [PERSON] quartered arms [LANGUAGE] of anthony [PERSON] ashley-cooper , 7th earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] , kg anthony [PERSON] ashley-cooper , 7th earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury kg [UNKNOWN] ( 28 april [PERIOD] 1801 - 1 october [PERIOD] 1885 ) , styled lord ashley [PERSON] from 1811 to 1851 , was a british [UNKNOWN] tory politician [PERSON] , philanthropist [PERSON] , and social reformer [PERSON] . he was the eldest son [PERSON] of the 6th earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] and lady anne spencer [PERSON] ( daughter [PERSON] of the 4th duke [PERSON] of marlborough [PERSON] ) , and elder brother [PERSON] of henry ashley [PERSON] , mp . a social reformer [PERSON] who was called the " poor man [PERSON] 's earl [PERSON] " , he campaigned for better working conditions [CONDITION] , reform [AMOUNT] to lunacy laws [PERSON] , education [PROCESS] and the limitation [VALUE] of child labour [PERSON] . he was also an early supporter [PERSON] of the zionist movement [HUMAN GROUP] and the ymca [UNKNOWN] and a leading figure [FIGURE] in the evangelical movement [HUMAN GROUP] in the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] . early life lord ashley [PERSON] [PERSON] , as he was styled until his father [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] in 1851 , was educated at manor house [PLACE] school [INSTITUTION] in chiswick [UNKNOWN] , london [PLACE] ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school [INSTITUTION] ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church [PERSON] , oxford [PLACE] , where he gained first-class honours [UNKNOWN] in classics [ENTITY] in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl [UNKNOWN] in 1841 . whilst [UNKNOWN] at oxford [PLACE] , he joined the apollo university lodge [PERSON] . ashley [PERSON] 's early family life [EVENT] was loveless , a circumstance [CONDITION] common [UNKNOWN] among the british [UNKNOWN] upper classes [UNKNOWN] . g. f. a [UNKNOWN] . best , in his biography shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] , writes that " ashley [PERSON] grew up without any experience [EFFECT] of parental love [PERSON] . he saw little of his parents [STATE] , and when duty [ATTITUDE] or necessity [CONDITION] compelled them to take notice [ACT] of him they were formal and frightening . " even as an adult [PERSON] , he disliked his father [PERSON] and was known to refer to his mother [PERSON] as " a devil [QUALITY] " . this difficult childhood [PROPERTY] was softened by the affection [EMOTION] he received from the family housekeeper maria millis [PERSON] , and his sisters [PERSON] . millis provided for ashley [PERSON] a model [STATE] of christian [PERSON] love [PERSON] that would form the basis [RESULT] for much of his later social activism [FORM] and philanthropic work [ACTIVITY] , as best explains [UNKNOWN] : " what did touch him was the reality [PERSON] , and the homely practicality [STATE] , of the love [PERSON] which her christianity [PERSON] made her feel [PERSON] towards the unhappy child [PERSON] . she told him bible stories [TOOL] , she taught him a prayer [PERSON] . " despite this powerful reprieve [ACT] , school [INSTITUTION] became another source [PERSON] of misery [CONDITION] for the young ashley [PERSON] , whose education [PROCESS] at manor house [PLACE] from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range [PLACE] of horrors [STATE] " . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] himself shuddered to recall those years [PERIOD] : " the place [PLACE] was bad , wicked , filthy ; and the treatment [TREATMENT] was starvation [CONDITION] and cruelty [ACT] . " by his teenage years [PERIOD] ashley [PERSON] had become a committed christian [PERSON] , and whilst [UNKNOWN] at harrow [ABSTRACT ENTITY] he had two experiences [UNKNOWN] which influenced his later life [EVENT] . " once , at the foot [FOOT] of harrow hill [HILL] , he was the horrified witness [PERSON] of a pauper [PERSON] 's funeral [ACTION] . the drunken pallbearers [PERSON] , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin [SEQUENCE] and shouting snatches [SPEECH ACT] of bawdy songs [RANK] , brought home [PLACE] to him the existence [ENTITY] of a whole empire [STATE] of callousness [QUALITY] which put his own childhood miseries [CONDITION] in their context [PROCESS] . the second [PERSON] incident [OCCURRENCE] was his unusual choice [EVENT] of a subject [EVENT] for a latin poem [PERSON] . in the school grounds [MEASURE] , there was an unsavoury mosquito-breeding pond called the duck puddle [PERSON] . he chose it as his subject [EVENT] because he was urgently concerned that the school authorities [PERSON] should do something about it , and this appeared to be the simplest way [UNKNOWN] of bringing it to their attention [PERSON] . soon afterwards [UNKNOWN] the duck puddle [PERSON] was inspected , condemned and filled in . this little triumph [ABSTRACT ENTITY] was a useful fillip [PERSON] to his self-confidence , but it was more than that . it was a foretaste [PIECE] of his skill [SKILL] in getting people [HUMAN GROUP] to act [ACT] decisively in face [PORTION] of sloth [QUALITY] or immediate self-interest . this was to prove one of his greatest assets [ASSET] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . " political career ashley [PERSON] was elected as the tory member [PERSON] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] for woodstock [PERSON] ( at that time [PERIOD] a pocket borough [EVENT] controlled by the duke [PERSON] of marlborough [PERSON] ) in june [PERIOD] 1826 and was a strong supporter [PERSON] of the duke [PERSON] of wellington [PLACE] . after george [PERSON] canning [PERSON] replaced lord liverpool [PERSON] as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , he offered ashley [PERSON] a place [PLACE] in the new government [GOVERNMENT] , despite ashley [PERSON] having been in the commons [UNKNOWN] for only five months [PERIOD] . ashley [PERSON] politely declined , writing in his diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] that he believed that serving under canning [PERSON] would be a betrayal [ACT] of his allegiance [STATE] to the duke [PERSON] of wellington [PLACE] and that he was not qualified for office [PLACE] . before he had completed one year [PERIOD] in the commons [UNKNOWN] , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees [UNKNOWN] and he received his fourth such appointment [PROCESS] in june [PERIOD] 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee [HUMAN GROUP] on pauper lunatics [PERSON] in the county [PLACE] of middlesex [PLACE] and on lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] . reform [AMOUNT] of the lunacy laws [PERSON] see also : history [INSTANCE] of psychiatric institutions lord shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] [PERSON] by henry hering [PERSON] in 1827 , when ashley-cooper was appointed to the select committee [HUMAN GROUP] on pauper lunatics [PERSON] in the county [PLACE] of middlesex [PLACE] and on lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] , the majority [PROPERTY] of lunatics [PERSON] in london [PLACE] were kept in madhouses [BUILDING] owned by dr warburton [PERSON] . the committee [HUMAN GROUP] examined many witnesses [PERSON] concerning one of his madhouses [BUILDING] in bethnal green [PLACE] , called the white house [PLACE] . ashley [PERSON] visited this on the committee [HUMAN GROUP] 's behalf [PERSON] . the patients [PERSON] were chained up , slept naked on straw [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , and excreted in their beds [EVENT] . they were left chained from saturday afternoon [PERSON] until monday [PERIOD] morning [PERSON] when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement [CAUSE] . they were then washed down in freezing cold water [WATER] and one towel [CLOTH] was allotted to 160 people [HUMAN GROUP] , with no soap [EVENT] . it was overcrowded , and the meat [MEAT] provided was " that nasty thick hard muscle [STRUCTURE] a dog [DOG] could not eat " . the white house [PLACE] had been described as " a mere place [PLACE] for dying " rather than curing the insane [UNKNOWN] and when the committee [HUMAN GROUP] asked dr macmichael [PERSON] whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] in the neighbourhood [UNKNOWN] of london [PLACE] any curative process [PROCESS] is going on with regard [EVENT] to pauper [PERSON] patients [PERSON] " , he replied : " none [PERSON] at all " . lord shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] by george frederick watts [PERSON] the committee [HUMAN GROUP] recommended that " legislative measures [MEASURE] of a remedial character [EVENT] should be introduced at the earliest period [PERIOD] at the next session [PERIOD] " , and the establishment [ACT] of a board [NUMBER] of commissioners [UNKNOWN] appointed by the home secretary [PERSON] possessing extensive powers [PERSON] of licensing [ACT] , inspection [GROUP] and control [STATE] . when in february [PERIOD] 1828 robert [PERSON] gordon , liberal mp [PERSON] for cricklade [UNKNOWN] , introduced a bill [PERSON] to put these recommendations [SUGGESTION] into law [PERSON] , ashley [PERSON] seconded this and delivered his maiden speech [SPEECH] in support [ACT] of the bill [PERSON] . he wrote in his diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] : " so , by god [PERSON] 's blessing [PERSON] , my first effort [ACTION] has been for the advance [EVENT] of human happiness [EMOTION] . may [PERIOD] i improve hourly ! fright almost deprived me of recollection [ARTIFACT] but again thank heaven [PERSON] , i did not sit down quite a presumptuous idiot [PERSON] " . ashley [PERSON] was also involved in framing the county lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] [PERSON] ( england [PLACE] ) act [ACT] 1828 and the madhouses act [ACT] 1828 . through these acts [ACT] , fifteen commissioners [UNKNOWN] were appointed for the london area [AREA] and given extensive powers [PERSON] of licensing [ACT] and inspection [GROUP] , one of the commissioners [UNKNOWN] being ashley [PERSON] . in july [PERIOD] 1845 , ashley [PERSON] sponsored two lunacy acts [ACT] , ' for the regulation [PERSON] of lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] ' and ' for the better care [CONDITION] and treatment [TREATMENT] of lunatics [PERSON] in england [PLACE] and wales [PLACE] ' . they originated in the report [PERSON] of the commissioners [UNKNOWN] in lunacy [STATE] which he had commended to parliament [HUMAN GROUP] the year [PERIOD] before . these acts [ACT] consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws [PERSON] , providing better record [ARTIFACT] keeping and more strict certification regulations [PERSON] to ensure patients [PERSON] against unwarranted detention [RESOURCE] . they also ordered , instead of merely permitting , the construction [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of country [PLACE] lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] and establishing an ongoing lunacy commission [INSTANCE] with ashley [PERSON] as its chairman [PERSON] . in support [ACT] of these measures [MEASURE] , ashley [PERSON] gave a speech [SPEECH] in which he claimed that although since 1828 there had been an improvement [ACT] , more still needed to be done . he cited the case [STUDY] of a welsh lunatic girl [PERSON] , mary jones [PERSON] , who had for more than a decade [PERIOD] been locked in a tiny loft [PROPERTY] with one boarded-up window [VALUE] with little air [AIR] and no light [LIGHT] . the room [ROOM] was extremely filthy and filled with an intolerable smell [SMELL] . she could only squat in a bent position [POSITION] in the room [ROOM] and this had caused her to become deformed . the earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] by carlo pellegrini [PERSON] , 1869 in early 1858 , a select committee [HUMAN GROUP] was appointed over concerns [PERSON] that sane persons [PERSON] were detained in lunatic asylums [UNKNOWN] . lord shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] ( as ashley [PERSON] had become upon his father [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] in 1851 ) was the chief witness [PERSON] and opposed the suggestion [SUGGESTION] that the certification [PERSON] of insanity [STATE] be made more difficult and that early treatment [TREATMENT] of insanity [STATE] was essential if there was to be any prospect [PERSON] of a cure [MEASURE] . he claimed that only one or two people [HUMAN GROUP] in his time [PERIOD] dealing with lunacy [STATE] had been detained in an asylum [PROCESS] without sufficient grounds [MEASURE] and that commissioners [UNKNOWN] should be granted more not fewer powers [PERSON] . the committee [HUMAN GROUP] 's report [PERSON] endorsed all of shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] 's recommendations [SUGGESTION] except for one : that a magistrate [UNKNOWN] 's signature [STYLE] on a certificate [REQUEST] of lunacy [STATE] be made compulsory [UNKNOWN] . this was not put into law [PERSON] chiefly due to shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] 's opposition [EVENT] to it . the report [PERSON] also agreed with shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] that unwarranted detentions [RESOURCE] were " extremely rare " . in july [PERIOD] 1877 , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] gave evidence [PERSON] before the select committee [HUMAN GROUP] on the lunacy laws [PERSON] , which had been appointed in february [PERIOD] over concerns [PERSON] that it was too easy for sane persons [PERSON] to be detained in asylums [UNKNOWN] . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] feared that because of his advanced age [PROPERTY] he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst [UNKNOWN] giving evidence [PERSON] and was greatly stressed in the months [PERIOD] leading up to this : " shall fifty years [PERIOD] of toil [FORCE] , anxiety [EVENT] and prayer [PERSON] , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success [STATE] , bring me in the end [UNKNOWN] only sorrow [INSTANCE] and disgrace [CONDITION] ? " when " the hour [PERIOD] of trial [EFFECT] " arrived shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] defended the lunacy commission [INSTANCE] and claimed he was now the only person alive [UNKNOWN] who could speak with personal knowledge [AMOUNT] of the state [STATE] of care [CONDITION] of lunatics [PERSON] before the lunacy commission [INSTANCE] was established in 1828 . it had been " a state [STATE] of things [ACTIVITY] such as would pass all belief [TRUST] " . in the committee [HUMAN GROUP] 's report [PERSON] , the members [PERSON] of the committee [HUMAN GROUP] agreed with shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] 's evidence [PERSON] on all points [UNKNOWN] . in 1884 , the husband [PERSON] of mrs georgina weldon [PERSON] tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum [PROCESS] because she believed that her pug dog [DOG] had a soul [PERSON] and that the spirit [STATE] of her dead mother [PERSON] had entered into her pet rabbit [PERSON] . she commenced legal action [ACTION] against shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] and other lunacy commissioners [UNKNOWN] although it failed . in may [PERIOD] , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] spoke in the lords [PERSON] against a motion [ACTION] declaring the lunacy laws [PERSON] unsatisfactory but the motion [ACTION] passed parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . the lord chancellor selborne [UNKNOWN] supported a lunacy law [PERSON] amendment [STATE] bill [PERSON] and shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] wanted to resign from the lunacy commission [INSTANCE] as he believed he was honour bound [VALUE] not to oppose a bill [PERSON] supported by the lord chancellor [PERSON] . however , selborne [UNKNOWN] implored him not to resign so shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] refrained . however , when the bill [PERSON] was introduced and it contained the provision [UNKNOWN] which made it compulsory [UNKNOWN] for a certificate [REQUEST] of lunacy [STATE] to be signed by a magistrate [UNKNOWN] or a judge [PERSON] , he resigned . the government [GOVERNMENT] fell , however , and the bill [PERSON] was withdrawn and shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] resumed his chairmanship [UNKNOWN] of the lunacy commission [INSTANCE] . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] 's work [ACTIVITY] in improving the care [CONDITION] of the insane [UNKNOWN] remains one of his most important , though lesser [PERSON] known , achievements [ACT] . he wrote : " beyond the circle [PERSON] of my own commissioners [UNKNOWN] and the lunatics [PERSON] that i visit , not a soul [PERSON] , in great or small life [EVENT] , not even my associates in my works [UNKNOWN] of philanthropy [GROUP] , has any notion [SUBSTANCE] of the years [PERIOD] of toil [FORCE] and care [CONDITION] that , under god [PERSON] , i have bestowed on this melancholy [INSTANCE] and awful question [QUESTION] " . child labour [PERSON] in march [PERIOD] 1833 , ashley [PERSON] introduced the ten hours [PERIOD] act [ACT] 1833 into the commons [UNKNOWN] , which provided that children [PERSON] working in the cotton [ENTITY] and woollen industries [RESULT] must be aged nine [UNKNOWN] or above ; no person [PERSON] under the age [PROPERTY] of eighteen was to work [ACTIVITY] more than ten hours [PERIOD] a day [PERIOD] or eight hours [PERIOD] on a saturday [PERIOD] ; and no one under twenty-five was to work [ACTIVITY] nights [PERIOD] , insisted they should go to school [INSTITUTION] , and appointed inspectors [PERSON] to enforce the law [PERSON] . however the whig government [GOVERNMENT] , by a majority [PROPERTY] of 145 , amended this to substitute " thirteen " in place [PLACE] of " eighteen " and the act [ACT] as it passed ensured that no child [PERSON] under thirteen worked more than nine [UNKNOWN] hours [PERIOD] . in june [PERIOD] 1836 , another ten hours [PERIOD] act [ACT] was introduced into the commons [UNKNOWN] and although ashley [PERSON] considered this bill [PERSON] ill-timed , he supported it . in july [PERIOD] one member [PERSON] of the lancashire committees [PERSON] set up to support [ACT] the bill [PERSON] wrote that : " if there was one man [PERSON] in england [PLACE] more devoted to the interests [UNKNOWN] of the factory people [HUMAN GROUP] than another , it was lord ashley [PERSON] . they might always rely on him as a ready , steadfast and willing friend [PERSON] " . in july [PERIOD] 1837 , he accused the government [GOVERNMENT] of ignoring the breaches [AMOUNT] of the 1833 act [ACT] and moved the resolution [DISTANCE] that the house [PLACE] regretted the regulation [PERSON] of the working hours [PERIOD] of children [PERSON] had been found to be unsatisfactory . it was lost by fifteen votes [EVENT] . the text [DOCUMENT] of a narrative [NARRATIVE] of the experience [EFFECT] and sufferings [PERSON] of william dodd [PERSON] a factory cripple [PERSON] was sent to lord ashley [PERSON] and with his support [ACT] was published in 1840 . ashley [PERSON] employed william dodd [PERSON] at 45 shillings [MONEY] a week [PERIOD] , and he wrote the factory system [SYSTEM] : illustrated to describe the conditions [CONDITION] of working children [PERSON] in textile manufacture [PROCESS] . this was published in 1842 . these books [ENTITY] were attacked by john bright [PERSON] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] who said that he had evidence [PERSON] that the books [ENTITY] described dodd [PERSON] 's mistreatment [TREATMENT] but were in fact [UNKNOWN] driven by dodd [PERSON] 's ingratitude [DEFICIENCY] as a disgruntled employee [PERSON] . ashley [PERSON] sacked dodd [PERSON] who emigrated to america [PLACE] . in 1842 , ashley [PERSON] wrote twice to the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , robert peel [PERSON] , to urge the government [GOVERNMENT] to support [ACT] a new factory act [ACT] . peel [PERSON] wrote in reply [ACT] that he would not support [ACT] one , and ashley [PERSON] wrote to the short time [PERIOD] committees [UNKNOWN] of cheshire [PLACE] , lancashire [PERSON] and yorkshire [PLACE] who desired a ten hours [PERIOD] act [ACT] : though painfully disappointed , i am not disheartened , nor am i [UNKNOWN] at a loss [PERSON] either what course [PERSON] to take , or what advice [DECISION] to give . i shall persevere unto my last hour [PERIOD] , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate [PERSON] means that the constitution afford [UNKNOWN] , in petitions [ACT] to parliament [HUMAN GROUP] , in public meetings [ACTIVITY] , and in friendly conferences [ACT] with your employers [PERSON] ; but you must infringe no law [PERSON] , and offend no proprieties [PERSON] ; we must all work [ACTIVITY] together as sensible men [PERSON] , who will [UNKNOWN] one day [PERIOD] give an account [COLLECTION] of their motives [POWER] and actions [ACTION] ; if this course [PERSON] is approved , no consideration [AMOUNT] shall detach me from your cause [CAUSE] ; if not , you must elect another advocate [PERSON] . i know that , in resolving on this step [NAME] , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure [STATUS] of office [PLACE] ; i rejoice in the sacrifice [UNKNOWN] , happy to devote the remainder [AMOUNT] of my days [PERIOD] , be they many or be they few , as god [PERSON] in his wisdom [PERSON] shall determine , to an effort [ACTION] , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition [CONDITION] . — battiscombe [PERSON] 1974 , pp . 143-144 in march [PERIOD] 1844 , ashley [PERSON] moved an amendment [STATE] to a factory [PERSON] bill [PERSON] limiting the working hours [PERIOD] of adolescents [PERSON] to ten hours [PERIOD] after sir james graham [PERSON] had introduced a bill [PERSON] aiming to limit [ACT] their working hours [PERIOD] to twelve hours [PERIOD] . ashley [PERSON] 's amendment [STATE] was passed by eight votes [EVENT] , the first time [PERIOD] the commons [UNKNOWN] had approved of the ten hour [PERIOD] principle [PERSON] . however , in a later vote [EVENT] , his amendment [STATE] was defeated by seven votes [EVENT] and the bill [PERSON] was withdrawn . later that month [PERIOD] , graham [PERSON] introduced another bill [PERSON] which again would limit [ACT] the employment [ACT] of adolescents [PERSON] to twelve hours [PERIOD] . ashley [PERSON] supported this bill [PERSON] except that he wanted ten hours [PERIOD] not twelve as the limit [ACT] . in may [PERIOD] he moved an amendment [STATE] to limit [ACT] the hours [PERIOD] worked to ten hours [PERIOD] but this was lost by 138 votes [EVENT] . in 1846 , whilst [UNKNOWN] he was out of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] , ashley [PERSON] strongly supported john fielden [PERSON] 's ten hours [PERIOD] bill [PERSON] , which was lost by ten votes [EVENT] . in january [PERIOD] 1847 , fielden [PERSON] reintroduced his bill [PERSON] and it finally passed through parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to become the ten hours [PERIOD] act [ACT] . miners ashley [PERSON] introduced the mines [PERSON] and collieries act [ACT] 1842 in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to outlaw the employment [ACT] of women [PERSON] and children [PERSON] underground in coal mines [PERSON] . he made a speech [SPEECH] in support [ACT] of the act [ACT] and the prince consort [PERSON] wrote to him afterwards [UNKNOWN] , sending him the " best wishes [PLACE] for your total success [STATE] " . at the end [UNKNOWN] of his speech [SPEECH] , his opponent [PERSON] on the ten hours [PERIOD] issue [PERSON] , richard cobden [PERSON] , walked over to ashley [PERSON] and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views [PERSON] , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame [STUDY] of mind [FORM] in the whole course [PERSON] of my life [EVENT] as i have been by your speech [SPEECH] . " climbing boys [PERSON] ashley [PERSON] was a strong supporter [PERSON] of prohibiting the employment [ACT] of boys [PERSON] as chimney sweeps [PERSON] . many climbing boys [PERSON] were illegitimate who had been sold by their parents [STATE] . they had scorched and lacerated skin [PERSON] , their eyes [SET] and throats [MEASURE] filled with soot [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , with the danger [AMOUNT] of suffocation [PERSON] and their occupational disease [DISEASE] — cancer [DISEASE] of the scrotum [UNKNOWN] . in 1840 , a bill [PERSON] was introduced into the commons [UNKNOWN] outlawing the employment [ACT] of boys [PERSON] as chimney sweeps [PERSON] , and strongly supported by ashley [PERSON] . despite being enforced in london [PLACE] , elsewhere the act [ACT] did not stop the employment [ACT] of child chimney sweeps [PERSON] and this led to the foundation [SUBSTANCE] of the climbing-boys ' society [INSTITUTION] with ashley [PERSON] as its chairman [PERSON] . in 1851 , 1853 and 1855 , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] introduced bills [PERSON] into parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to deal with the ongoing use [USE] of boy chimney sweeps [PERSON] but these were all defeated . he succeeded in passing the chimney sweepers regulation [PERSON] act [ACT] 1864 but , like its predecessors [PERSON] , it remained ineffectual . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] finally persuaded parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to pass the chimney sweepers [PERSON] act [ACT] 1875 which ensured the annual licensing [ACT] of chimney sweeps [PERSON] and the enforcement [CONDITION] of the law [PERSON] by the police [PERSON] . this finally eradicated the employment [ACT] of boys [PERSON] as chimney sweeps [PERSON] . after shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] discovered that a boy chimney sweep [PERSON] was living behind his house [PLACE] in brock street [PLACE] , london [PLACE] , he rescued the child [PERSON] and sent him to " the union school [INSTITUTION] at norwood hill [HILL] , where , under god [PERSON] 's blessing [PERSON] and special merciful grace [PERSON] , he will [UNKNOWN] be trained in the knowledge [AMOUNT] and love [PERSON] and faith [PERSON] of our common [UNKNOWN] saviour [PLACE] " . education reform [AMOUNT] in 1844 , ashley [PERSON] became president [PERSON] of the ragged school union [PLACE] that promoted ragged schools [VALUE] . these schools [VALUE] were for poor [PERSON] children [PERSON] and sprang [PERSON] up from volunteers [PERSON] . ashley [PERSON] wrote that " if the ragged school system [SYSTEM] were to fail i should not die in the course [PERSON] of nature [NATURE] , i should die of a broken heart [ACTIVITY] " . housing reform [AMOUNT] in 1851 two acts [ACT] were passed at shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] 's insistence [STATE] concerning lodging houses [UNKNOWN] . this marked , according to one study [STUDY] , " the first attempt [ACTION] of the legislature [BODY] to grapple with the question [QUESTION] of unhealthy dwellings [BUILDING] . " the common [UNKNOWN] lodging houses [UNKNOWN] act [ACT] 1851 , which charles dickens [PERSON] described as ' the best measure [MEASURE] ever passed in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] , ' provided for all such lodging houses [UNKNOWN] to be registered and " that no lodgers [PERSON] were to be kept until the houses [UNKNOWN] had been inspected and opened by an officer [PERSON] of the local authority [PERSON] . " in addition [PERSON] , local authorities [PERSON] were given the power [POWER] to make regulations [PERSON] for common-lodging houses [UNKNOWN] and exact penalties [INSTANCE] for regulation breaches [AMOUNT] . regular cleansing and whitewashing were enforced while it was rendered compulsory [UNKNOWN] " for the keeper [PERSON] of a lodging-house to give immediate notice [ACT] of any case [STUDY] of fever [EVENT] or infectious disease [DISEASE] in the house [PLACE] to the local authority [PERSON] , to the poor law [PERSON] medical officer [PERSON] and the relieving officer [PERSON] . " the labouring classes [UNKNOWN] lodging houses [UNKNOWN] act [ACT] 1851 " empowered borough councils [PERSON] and local boards [NUMBER] to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges [AMOUNT] , management [USE] , etc . such lodging-houses were under the inspection [GROUP] of the local boards [NUMBER] of health [PROPERTY] . " animal welfare [STATE] shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] advocated for animal welfare [STATE] and was president [PERSON] of the victoria street society [INSTITUTION] for the protection [PROCESS] of animals [ANIMAL] from vivisection [UNKNOWN] . he was also a vice-president of the royal society [INSTITUTION] for the prevention [MEASURE] of cruelty [ACT] to animals [ANIMAL] . he argued for total abolition [QUALITY] of vivisection [UNKNOWN] , not reform [AMOUNT] . in 1879 , he delivered a speech [SPEECH] condemning the practice [COLLECTION] of vivisection [UNKNOWN] and questioned why vivisectionists [PERSON] were subjecting " god [PERSON] 's creatures to such unspeakable sufferings [PERSON] ? " . religious restoration zionist movement [HUMAN GROUP] [HUMAN GROUP] further information [INFORMATION] : zionism shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was a pre-millennial evangelical anglican [UNKNOWN] who believed in the imminent second [PERSON] coming of christ [PERSON] . his belief [TRUST] underscored the urgency [OCCURRENCE] of immediate action [ACTION] . he strongly opposed roman catholic church [PERSON] ritualism [PERSON] among high church [PERSON] anglicans [PERSON] . he also disapproved of the catholic features [PERSON] of the oxford [PLACE] movement [HUMAN GROUP] in the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] . he denounced the maynooth college act [ACT] 1845 , which funded the catholic seminary [EVENT] in ireland [PLACE] that would train many priests [PERSON] . however , disagreeing with his father [PERSON] , he favored catholic emancipation [ACT] . " memorandum [NUMBER] to the protestant powers [PERSON] of the north [PLACE] of europe [PLACE] and america [PLACE] " , published in the colonial times [UNKNOWN] ( hobart [PLACE] , tasmania [UNKNOWN] , australia [PLACE] ) , in 1841 shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was a leading figure [FIGURE] within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism [CONCEPT] . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was president [PERSON] of the british [UNKNOWN] and foreign bible society [INSTITUTION] [INSTITUTION] ( bfbs [UNKNOWN] ) from 1851 until his death [EVENT] in 1885 . he wrote , of the bible society [INSTITUTION] , " of all societies [UNKNOWN] , this is nearest to my heart... bible society [INSTITUTION] has always been a watchword [DOCUMENT] in our house [PLACE] . " he was also president [PERSON] of the evangelical alliance [STATE] for some time [PERIOD] . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was also a student [PERSON] of edward bickersteth [PERSON] and the two men [PERSON] became prominent advocates [PERSON] of christian zionism [PERSON] in britain [PLACE] . shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was an early proponent [PERSON] of the restoration [PROCESS] of the jews [PERSON] to the holy land [LAND] , providing the first proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] by a major politician [PERSON] to resettle jews [PERSON] in palestine [PLACE] . the conquest [PERSON] of the region [PLACE] of syria [PERSON] in 1831 by muhammad ali [UNKNOWN] of egypt [PLACE] changed the conditions [CONDITION] under which european power politics [PERSON] operated in the near east [PLACE] . as a consequence [CONSEQUENCE] of that shift [PROCESS] , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston [PERSON] to send a british [UNKNOWN] consul [PERSON] , james finn [PERSON] , to jerusalem [PLACE] in 1838 . a committed christian [PERSON] and a loyal englishman [UNKNOWN] , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] argued for a jewish return [STATEMENT] because of what he saw as the political and economic advantages britain [PLACE] would gain from this and because he believed that it was god [PERSON] 's will [UNKNOWN] . in january [PERIOD] 1839 , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] published an article [ARTICLE] in the quarterly review [ACT] , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters [PURPOSE] on egypt [PLACE] , edom [PLACE] and the holy land [LAND] ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay [PERSON] , provided the first proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] by a major politician [PERSON] to resettle jews [PERSON] in palestine [PLACE] : in 1848 , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] became president [PERSON] of the london society [INSTITUTION] for promoting christianity [PERSON] amongst the jews [PERSON] , of which finn [PERSON] was a prominent member [PERSON] . the soil [SOIL] and climate [STUDY] of palestine [PLACE] are singularly adapted to the growth [ACT] of produce [PLACE] required for the exigencies [SITUATION] of great britain [PLACE] ; the finest cotton [ENTITY] may [PERIOD] be obtained in almost unlimited abundance [RATE] ; silk [PERSON] and madder [PERSON] are the staple [NUMBER] of the country [PLACE] , and olive oil [PERSON] is now , as it ever was , the very fatness [STATE] of the land [LAND] . capital and skill [SKILL] are alone required : the presence [STATE] of a british [UNKNOWN] officer [PERSON] , and the increased security [FORCE] of property [PROPERTY] which his presence [STATE] will [UNKNOWN] confer , may [PERIOD] invite them from these islands [PLACE] to the cultivation [ACT] of palestine [PLACE] ; and the jews [PERSON] , who will [UNKNOWN] betake themselves to agriculture in no other land [LAND] , having found , in the english consul [PERSON] , a mediator [PERSON] between their people [HUMAN GROUP] and the pacha [PERSON] , will [UNKNOWN] probably return [STATEMENT] in yet greater numbers [NUMBER] , and become once more the husbandmen [UNKNOWN] of judaea [PERSON] and galilee [SPACE] . — masalha [UNKNOWN] 2014 , p. 83 the lead-up to the crimean war [EVENT] ( 1854 ) , like the military expansionism [PLACE] of muhammad [PERSON] ali two decades [UNKNOWN] earlier , signalled an opening [ACT] for realignments [ACT] in the near east [PLACE] . in july [PERIOD] 1853 , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] wrote to the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , lord aberdeen [PERSON] , that greater syria [PERSON] was " a country [PLACE] without a nation [PERSON] " in need [UNKNOWN] of " a nation [PERSON] without a country... is there such a thing [ENTITY] ? to be sure there is , the ancient and rightful lords [PERSON] of the soil [SOIL] , the jews [PERSON] ! " in his diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] that year [PERIOD] he wrote " these vast and fertile regions [GROUP] will [UNKNOWN] soon be without a ruler [PERSON] , without a known and acknowledged power [POWER] to claim dominion [COLLECTION] . the territory [PLACE] must be assigned to some one or other... there is a country [PLACE] without a nation [PERSON] ; and god [PERSON] now in his wisdom [PERSON] and mercy [PERSON] , directs us to a nation [PERSON] without a country [PLACE] . " this is commonly cited as an early use [USE] of the phrase [PHRASE] " a land [LAND] without a people [HUMAN GROUP] for a people [HUMAN GROUP] without a land [LAND] " by which shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was echoing another british [UNKNOWN] proponent [PERSON] of the restoration [PROCESS] of the jews [PERSON] to palestine [PLACE] , dr alexander keith [PERSON] . bust of anthony [PERSON] ashley-cooper , by f. winter [PERSON] , 1886 . in the collection [COLLECTION] of the dorset museum [PLACE] , dorchester society [INSTITUTION] for the suppression [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the opium trade shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] served as the first president [PERSON] of the society [INSTITUTION] for the suppression [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the opium trade [PROCESS] : a lobbying group [GROUP] dedicated to the abolition [QUALITY] of the opium trade [PROCESS] . the society [INSTITUTION] was formed by quaker businessmen [PERSON] in 1874 , and shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] was president [PERSON] from 1880 until his death [EVENT] . the society [INSTITUTION] 's efforts [ACTION] eventually led to the creation [EVENT] of the investigative royal commission [PERSON] on opium [SUBSTANCE] . shaftesbury memorial fountain [PERSON] the shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] memorial fountain [PERSON] in piccadilly circus [PERSON] , london [PLACE] , erected in 1893 , was designed to commemorate his philanthropic works [UNKNOWN] . the fountain [PERSON] is crowned by alfred gilbert [PERSON] 's aluminium statue [PERSON] of anteros [UNKNOWN] as a nude [COLOR] , butterfly-winged archer [PERSON] . this is officially titled the angel [ACTION] of christian charity [PERSON] , but has become popularly if mistakenly known as eros [PERSON] . it appears on the masthead [PERSON] of the evening standard [RULE] . veneration lord shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] [PERSON] was a member [PERSON] of the canterbury association [INSTITUTION] , as were two of wilberforce [PERSON] 's sons [PERSON] , samuel [PERSON] and robert [PERSON] . lord ashley [PERSON] joined on 27 march [PERIOD] 1848 . anthony ashley cooper [PERSON] is remembered in the church [PERSON] of england [PLACE] with a commemoration [ACT] on 1 october [PERIOD] . family lord shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] [PERSON] , then lord ashley [PERSON] , married lady emily caroline catherine frances cowper ( died 15 october [PERIOD] 1872 ) , daughter [PERSON] of peter cowper [PERSON] , 5th earl cowper [PERSON] and emily lamb [PERSON] , countess cowper [PERSON] ; emily is likely in fact [UNKNOWN] to have been the natural daughter [PERSON] of lord palmerston [PERSON] ( later her official stepfather [PERSON] ) , on 10 june [PERIOD] 1830 . this marriage [ACT] , which proved a happy and fruitful one , produced ten children [PERSON] . it also provided invaluable political connections [SET] for ashley [PERSON] ; his wife [PERSON] 's maternal uncle [PERSON] was lord melbourne [PERSON] and her stepfather [PERSON] ( and supposed biological father [PERSON] ) lord palmerston [PERSON] , both prime ministers [PERSON] . the children [PERSON] , who mostly had various degrees [PROCESS] of ill-health , were : 1. anthony [PERSON] ashley-cooper , 8th earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] ( 27 june [PERIOD] 1831 - 13 april [PERIOD] 1886 ) , ancestor of all subsequent earls [PERSON] . he proved to be a disappointing heir apparent [PERSON] , constantly running up debts [ACTION] with his extravagant wife harriet [PERSON] , born lady harriet chichester [PERSON] . 2. ( anthony [PERSON] ) francis henry ashley-cooper , second [PERSON] son [PERSON] ( b. 13 march [PERIOD] 1833 - 13 may [PERIOD] 1849 ) 3. ( anthony [PERSON] ) maurice william ashley-cooper , third son [PERSON] ( 22 july [PERIOD] 1835 - 19 august [PERIOD] 1855 ) , died aged 20 , after several years [PERIOD] of illness [ILLNESS] . 4. ( anthony [PERSON] ) evelyn melbourne ashley [PERSON] ( 24 july [PERIOD] 1836 - 15 november [PERIOD] 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july [PERIOD] 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august [PERIOD] 1886 ) , daughter [PERSON] of sir walter farquhar [PERSON] , 3rd baronet [PERSON] by his wife lady mary octavia somerset [PERSON] , a daughter [PERSON] of the duke [PERSON] of beaufort [PERSON] and had one son wilfred william ashley [PERSON] , and one daughter [PERSON] . his granddaughter [PERSON] was edwina ashley [PERSON] , later lady mountbatten [PERSON] ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia [PERSON] , countess mountbatten [PERSON] of burma [PERSON] ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks [PERSON] ( b. 1929 ) . evelyn ashley [PERSON] left several other descendants [RESULT] via his daughter [PERSON] and edwina [PERSON] 's younger sister [PERSON] . evelyn ashley [PERSON] married 2ndly 30 june [PERIOD] 1891 lady alice elizabeth cole ( 4 february [PERIOD] 1853 - 25 august [PERIOD] 1931 ) , daughter [PERSON] of william willoughby cole [PERSON] , 3rd earl [PERSON] of enniskillen [UNKNOWN] by his first wife jane casamajor [PERSON] , no issue [PERSON] . evelyn melbourne ashley [PERSON] died on 15 november [PERIOD] 1907 . 5. lady victoria elizabeth ashley [PERSON] , later lady templemore [PERSON] ( 23 september [PERIOD] 1837 - 15 february [PERIOD] 1927 ) , married 8 january [PERIOD] 1873 ( aged 35 ) st george [PERSON] 's , hanover square [PLACE] , london harry chichester [PERSON] , 2nd baron templemore [UNKNOWN] ( 4 june [PERIOD] 1821 - 10 june [PERIOD] 1906 ) , son [PERSON] of arthur chichester [PERSON] , 1st baron templemore [UNKNOWN] and lady augusta paget [PERSON] , and had issue. 6 . ( anthony [PERSON] ) lionel george [PERSON] ashley-cooper ( b. 7 september [PERIOD] 1838 - 1914 ) . he married 12 december [PERIOD] 1868 frances elizabeth leigh " fanny [PERSON] ( d. 12 august [PERIOD] 1875 ) , daughter [PERSON] of capel hanbury leigh [PERSON] ; apparently had no issue. 7 . lady mary charlotte ashley-cooper , second [PERSON] daughter [PERSON] ( 25 july [PERIOD] 1842 - 3 september [PERIOD] 1861 ) . 8 . lady constance emily ashley-cooper , third daughter [PERSON] , or " conty [PERSON] " ( 29 november [PERIOD] 1845 - 16 december [PERIOD] 1872 or 1871 of lung disease [DISEASE] ) . 9 . lady edith florence ashley-cooper , fourth daughter [PERSON] ( 1 february [PERIOD] 1847 - 25 november [PERIOD] 1913 ) 10 . ( anthony [PERSON] ) cecil ashley-cooper , sixth son [PERSON] and tenth [PERSON] and youngest child [PERSON] ( 8 august [PERIOD] 1849 - 23 september [PERIOD] 1932 ) ; apparently died unmarried . legacy although he was offered a burial [ACT] at westminster abbey [PERSON] , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] wished to be buried at st. giles [PLACE] . george williams [PERSON] ( ymca [UNKNOWN] ) chaired the organising committee [HUMAN GROUP] of his funeral [ACTION] , and was a pall-bearer at it . a funeral [ACTION] service [INSTITUTION] was held in westminster abbey [PERSON] during the early morning [PERSON] of 8 october [PERIOD] and the streets [POSITION] along the route [ROUTE] from grosvenor square [PLACE] and westminster abbey [PERSON] were thronged with poor [PERSON] people [HUMAN GROUP] , costermongers [UNKNOWN] , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers [UNKNOWN] who waited for hours [PERIOD] to see shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] 's coffin [SEQUENCE] as it passed by . due to his constant advocacy [PERSON] for the better treatment [TREATMENT] of the working classes [UNKNOWN] , shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] became known as the " poor man [PERSON] 's earl [PERSON] " . a white marble statue [PERSON] commemorates [PERSON] shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] near the west door [ESTATE] of westminster abbey [PERSON] . one of his biographers [PERSON] , georgina battiscombe [PERSON] , has claimed that " no man [PERSON] has in fact [UNKNOWN] ever done more to lessen the extent [PLACE] of human misery [CONDITION] or to add to the sum total [PERSON] of human happiness [EMOTION] " . statue [PERSON] of ashley-cooper by joseph edgar boehm [PERSON] , westminster [PERSON] abbey three days [PERIOD] after his death [EVENT] , charles spurgeon [PERSON] eulogised him , saying : during the past week [PERIOD] the church [PERSON] of god [PERSON] , and the world [PLACE] at large , have sustained a very serious loss [PERSON] . in the taking home [PLACE] to himself by our gracious lord [PERSON] of the earl [PERSON] of shaftesbury [UNKNOWN] , we have , in my judgment [ACT] , lost the best man [PERSON] of the age [PROPERTY] . i do not know whom i should place [PLACE] second [PERSON] , but i certainly should put him first— far beyond all other servants [PERSON] of god [PERSON] within my knowledge— for usefulness [QUALITY] and influence [ELEMENT] . he was a man [PERSON] most true in his personal piety [PERSON] , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship [CONDITION] ; a man [PERSON] most firm [INSTITUTION] in his faith [PERSON] in the gospel [EVENT] of our lord jesus christ [PERSON] ; a man [PERSON] intensely active in the cause [CAUSE] of god [PERSON] and truth [STATE] . take him whichever way [UNKNOWN] you please , he was admirable : he was faithful to god [PERSON] in all his house [PLACE] , fulfilling both the first and second [PERSON] commands [COMMAND] of the law [PERSON] in fervent love [PERSON] to god [PERSON] , and hearty love [PERSON] to man [PERSON] . he occupied his high position [POSITION] with singleness [PROPERTY] of purpose [PURPOSE] and immovable steadfastness [STATE] : where shall we find his equal [PERSON] ? if it is not possible that he was absolutely perfect , it is equally impossible for me to mention a single fault [STATE] ; for i saw none [PERSON] . he exhibited scriptural perfection [PROCESS] , inasmuch as he was sincere , true , and consecrated . those things [ACTIVITY] which have been regarded as faults [STATE] by the loose thinkers [STATE] of this age [PROPERTY] are prime virtues [PERSON] in my esteem [ACT] . they called him narrow ; and in this they bear unconscious testimony [PERSON] to his loyalty [STATE] to truth [STATE] . i rejoiced greatly in his integrity [EVENT] , his fearlessness [QUALITY] , his adherence [ACT] to principle , in a day [PERIOD] when revelation [ACT] is questioned , the gospel [EVENT] explained away , and human thought [AMOUNT] set up as the idol [PERSON] of the hour [PERIOD] . he felt that there was a vital [PERSON] and eternal difference [ACT] between truth [STATE] and error [EVENT] ; consequently , he did not act [ACT] or talk as if there was much to be said on either side [PLACE] , and , therefore , no one could be quite sure . we shall not know for many a year [PERIOD] how much we miss in missing him ; how great an anchor [PERSON] he was to this drifting generation [RESULT] , and how great a stimulus [ABSTRACT ENTITY] he was to every movement [HUMAN GROUP] for the benefit [PROPERTY] of the poor [PERSON] . both man [PERSON] and beast [PERSON] may [PERIOD] unite in mourning him : he was the friend [PERSON] of every living thing [ENTITY] . he lived for the oppressed ; he lived for london [PLACE] ; he lived for the nation [PERSON] ; he lived still more for god [PERSON] . he has finished his course [PERSON] ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave [RESULT] with the sorrow [INSTANCE] of those that have no hope [EVENT] , yet we cannot [PERSON] but mourn [CAUSE] that a great man [PERSON] and a prince [PERSON] has fallen this day [PERIOD] in israel [PLACE] . surely , the righteous are taken away from the evil [ABSTRACT ENTITY] to come , and we are left to struggle on under increasing difficulties [PERSON] .

## Objects found

Id | Form | Freq | Tag | Context | Error
1 | shaftesbury | 37 | UNKNOWN | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
2 | ashley | 30 | PERSON | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
3 | hours | 13 | PERIOD | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
4 | god | 13 | PERSON | he wrote in his diary : " so , by god 's blessing , my first effort has been for the advance of human happiness . |
5 | daughter | 12 | PERSON | he was the eldest son of the 6th earl of shaftesbury and lady anne spencer ( daughter of the 4th duke of marlborough ) , and elder brother of henry ashley , mp . |
6 | earl | 12 | PERSON | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
7 | bill | 12 | PERSON | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
8 | parliament | 11 | HUMAN GROUP | this was to prove one of his greatest assets in parliament . " |
9 | man | 9 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
10 | july | 8 | PERIOD | in july 1845 , ashley sponsored two lunacy acts , ' for the regulation of lunatic asylums ' and ' for the better care and treatment of lunatics in england and wales ' . |
11 | london | 8 | PLACE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
12 | committee | 8 | HUMAN GROUP | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
13 | june | 7 | PERIOD | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
14 | jews | 7 | PERSON | shaftesbury was an early proponent of the restoration of the jews to the holy land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine . |
15 | children | 7 | PERSON | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
16 | england | 7 | PLACE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
17 | people | 7 | HUMAN GROUP | it was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . |
18 | president | 6 | PERSON | in 1844 , ashley became president of the ragged school union that promoted ragged schools . |
19 | commissioners | 6 | UNKNOWN | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
20 | speech | 6 | SPEECH | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
21 | law | 6 | PERSON | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
22 | commons | 6 | UNKNOWN | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
23 | employment | 6 | ACT | later that month , graham introduced another bill which again would limit the employment of adolescents to twelve hours . |
24 | palestine | 5 | PLACE | shaftesbury was an early proponent of the restoration of the jews to the holy land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine . |
25 | years | 5 | PERIOD | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
26 | october | 5 | PERIOD | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
27 | course | 5 | PERSON | though painfully disappointed , i am not disheartened , nor am i at a loss either what course to take , or what advice to give . |
28 | anthony | 5 | PERSON | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
29 | death | 5 | EVENT | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
30 | lord ashley | 5 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
31 | government | 5 | GOVERNMENT | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
32 | lunacy | 5 | STATE | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
33 | asylums | 5 | UNKNOWN | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
34 | august | 5 | PERIOD | maurice william ashley-cooper , third son ( 22 july 1835 - 19 august 1855 ) , died aged 20 , after several years of illness . |
35 | house | 5 | PLACE | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
36 | votes | 5 | EVENT | it was lost by fifteen votes . |
37 | father | 5 | PERSON | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
38 | duke | 5 | PERSON | he was the eldest son of the 6th earl of shaftesbury and lady anne spencer ( daughter of the 4th duke of marlborough ) , and elder brother of henry ashley , mp . |
39 | nation | 5 | PERSON | in july 1853 , shaftesbury wrote to the prime minister , lord aberdeen , that greater syria was " a country without a nation " in need of " a nation without a country... |
40 | son | 5 | PERSON | he was the eldest son of the 6th earl of shaftesbury and lady anne spencer ( daughter of the 4th duke of marlborough ) , and elder brother of henry ashley , mp . |
41 | love | 5 | PERSON | g. f. a . best , in his biography shaftesbury , writes that " ashley grew up without any experience of parental love . |
42 | chimney sweeps | 5 | PERSON | ashley was a strong supporter of prohibiting the employment of boys as chimney sweeps . |
43 | lunacy commission | 5 | INSTANCE | they also ordered , instead of merely permitting , the construction of country lunatic asylums and establishing an ongoing lunacy commission with ashley as its chairman . |
44 | year | 4 | PERIOD | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
45 | report | 4 | PERSON | they originated in the report of the commissioners in lunacy which he had commended to parliament the year before . |
46 | child | 4 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
47 | time | 4 | PERIOD | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
48 | september | 4 | PERIOD | 5. lady victoria elizabeth ashley , later lady templemore ( 23 september 1837 - 15 february 1927 ) , married 8 january 1873 ( aged 35 ) |
49 | boys | 4 | PERSON | climbing boys |
50 | place | 4 | PLACE | shaftesbury himself shuddered to recall those years : " the place was bad , wicked , filthy ; and the treatment was starvation and cruelty . " |
51 | country | 4 | PLACE | they also ordered , instead of merely permitting , the construction of country lunatic asylums and establishing an ongoing lunacy commission with ashley as its chairman . |
52 | land | 4 | LAND | shaftesbury was an early proponent of the restoration of the jews to the holy land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine . |
53 | may | 4 | PERIOD | may i improve hourly ! |
54 | care | 4 | CONDITION | in july 1845 , ashley sponsored two lunacy acts , ' for the regulation of lunatic asylums ' and ' for the better care and treatment of lunatics in england and wales ' . |
55 | march | 4 | PERIOD | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
56 | support | 4 | ACT | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
57 | church | 4 | PERSON | the parish church on his estate at wimborne st giles , dorset nationality british spouse(s ) |
58 | select committee | 4 | HUMAN GROUP | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
59 | treatment | 4 | TREATMENT | shaftesbury himself shuddered to recall those years : " the place was bad , wicked , filthy ; and the treatment was starvation and cruelty . " |
60 | officer | 4 | PERSON | the common lodging houses act 1851 , which charles dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " |
61 | anthony ashley cooper | 4 | PERSON | anthony ashley cooper is remembered in the church of england with a commemoration on 1 october . |
62 | evidence | 4 | PERSON | in july 1877 , shaftesbury gave evidence before the select committee on the lunacy laws , which had been appointed in february over concerns that it was too easy for sane persons to be detained in asylums . |
63 | lodging houses | 4 | UNKNOWN | in 1851 two acts were passed at shaftesbury 's insistence concerning lodging houses . |
64 | amendment | 4 | STATE | the lord chancellor selborne supported a lunacy law amendment bill and shaftesbury wanted to resign from the lunacy commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a bill supported by the lord chancellor . |
65 | act | 4 | ACT | it was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . |
66 | westminster abbey | 4 | PERSON | although he was offered a burial at westminster abbey , shaftesbury wished to be buried at st. giles . |
67 | february | 4 | PERIOD | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
68 | november | 4 | PERIOD | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
69 | age | 4 | PROPERTY | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
70 | lunatics | 4 | PERSON | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
71 | society | 4 | INSTITUTION | despite being enforced in london , elsewhere the act did not stop the employment of child chimney sweeps and this led to the foundation of the climbing-boys ' society with ashley as its chairman . |
72 | day | 4 | PERIOD | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
73 | ten hours act | 4 | ACT | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
74 | inspection | 3 | GROUP | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
75 | life | 3 | EVENT | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
76 | powers | 3 | PERSON | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
77 | compulsory | 3 | UNKNOWN | the committee 's report endorsed all of shaftesbury 's recommendations except for one : that a magistrate 's signature on a certificate of lunacy be made compulsory . |
78 | fact | 3 | UNKNOWN | these books were attacked by john bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . |
79 | licensing | 3 | ACT | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
80 | truth | 3 | STATE | he was a man most true in his personal piety , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our lord jesus christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of god and truth . |
81 | diary | 3 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | ashley politely declined , writing in his diary that he believed that serving under canning would be a betrayal of his allegiance to the duke of wellington and that he was not qualified for office . |
82 | disease | 3 | DISEASE | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
83 | vivisection | 3 | UNKNOWN | animal welfare shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the victoria street society for the protection of animals from vivisection . |
84 | dodd | 3 | PERSON | the text of a narrative of the experience and sufferings of william dodd a factory cripple was sent to lord ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . |
85 | movement | 3 | HUMAN GROUP | he was also an early supporter of the zionist movement and the ymca and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the church of england . |
86 | reform | 3 | AMOUNT | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
87 | member | 3 | PERSON | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
88 | acts | 3 | ACT | through these acts , fifteen commissioners were appointed for the london area and given extensive powers of licensing and inspection , one of the commissioners being ashley . |
89 | prime minister | 3 | HUMAN ROLE | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
90 | lunacy laws | 3 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
91 | january | 3 | PERIOD | in january 1847 , fielden reintroduced his bill and it finally passed through parliament to become the ten hours act . |
92 | politician | 3 | PERSON | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
93 | supporter | 3 | PERSON | he was also an early supporter of the zionist movement and the ymca and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the church of england . |
94 | patients | 3 | PERSON | the patients were chained up , slept naked on straw , and excreted in their beds . |
95 | conditions | 3 | CONDITION | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
96 | hour | 3 | PERIOD | when " the hour of trial " arrived shaftesbury defended the lunacy commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the lunacy commission was established in 1828 . |
97 | adolescents | 2 | PERSON | 143-144 in march 1844 , ashley moved an amendment to a factory bill limiting the working hours of adolescents to ten hours after sir james graham had introduced a bill aiming to limit their working hours to twelve hours . |
98 | home | 2 | PLACE | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
99 | suppression | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
100 | question | 2 | QUESTION | he wrote : " beyond the circle of my own commissioners and the lunatics that i visit , not a soul , in great or small life , not even my associates in my works of philanthropy , has any notion of the years of toil and care that , under god , i have bestowed on this melancholy and awful question " . |
101 | houses | 2 | UNKNOWN | in 1851 two acts were passed at shaftesbury 's insistence concerning lodging houses . |
102 | toil | 2 | FORCE | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
103 | egypt | 2 | PLACE | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
104 | chairman | 2 | PERSON | they also ordered , instead of merely permitting , the construction of country lunatic asylums and establishing an ongoing lunacy commission with ashley as its chairman . |
105 | sorrow | 2 | INSTANCE | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
106 | education | 2 | PROCESS | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
107 | cruelty | 2 | ACT | shaftesbury himself shuddered to recall those years : " the place was bad , wicked , filthy ; and the treatment was starvation and cruelty . " |
108 | way | 2 | UNKNOWN | he chose it as his subject because he was urgently concerned that the school authorities should do something about it , and this appeared to be the simplest way of bringing it to their attention . |
109 | abolition | 2 | QUALITY | he argued for total abolition of vivisection , not reform . |
110 | concerns | 2 | PERSON | in early 1858 , a select committee was appointed over concerns that sane persons were detained in lunatic asylums . |
111 | holy land | 2 | LAND | shaftesbury was an early proponent of the restoration of the jews to the holy land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine . |
112 | state | 2 | STATE | when " the hour of trial " arrived shaftesbury defended the lunacy commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the lunacy commission was established in 1828 . |
113 | cotton | 2 | ENTITY | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
114 | reformer | 2 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
115 | position | 2 | POSITION | she could only squat in a bent position in the room and this had caused her to become deformed . |
116 | sufferings | 2 | PERSON | the text of a narrative of the experience and sufferings of william dodd a factory cripple was sent to lord ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . |
117 | figure | 2 | FIGURE | he was also an early supporter of the zionist movement and the ymca and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the church of england . |
118 | asylum | 2 | PROCESS | he claimed that only one or two people in his time dealing with lunacy had been detained in an asylum without sufficient grounds and that commissioners should be granted more not fewer powers . |
119 | men | 2 | PERSON | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
120 | parents | 2 | STATE | lady emily cowper issue 10 parents |
121 | america | 2 | PLACE | ashley sacked dodd who emigrated to america . |
122 | skill | 2 | SKILL | it was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . |
123 | proponent | 2 | PERSON | shaftesbury was an early proponent of the restoration of the jews to the holy land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine . |
124 | soil | 2 | SOIL | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
125 | county | 2 | PLACE | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
126 | majority | 2 | PROPERTY | in 1827 , when ashley-cooper was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums , the majority of lunatics in london were kept in madhouses owned by dr warburton . |
127 | witness | 2 | PERSON | " once , at the foot of harrow hill , he was the horrified witness of a pauper 's funeral . |
128 | british | 2 | UNKNOWN | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
129 | april | 2 | PERIOD | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
130 | belief | 2 | TRUST | it had been " a state of things such as would pass all belief " . |
131 | ymca | 2 | UNKNOWN | he was also an early supporter of the zionist movement and the ymca and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the church of england . |
132 | things | 2 | ACTIVITY | it had been " a state of things such as would pass all belief " . |
133 | stepfather | 2 | PERSON | emily is likely in fact to have been the natural daughter of lord palmerston ( later her official stepfather ) , on 10 june 1830 . |
134 | lunatic asylums | 2 | PLACE | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
135 | william dodd | 2 | PERSON | the text of a narrative of the experience and sufferings of william dodd a factory cripple was sent to lord ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . |
136 | prayer | 2 | PERSON | she told him bible stories , she taught him a prayer . " |
137 | happiness | 2 | EMOTION | he wrote in his diary : " so , by god 's blessing , my first effort has been for the advance of human happiness . |
138 | lords | 2 | PERSON | in may , shaftesbury spoke in the lords against a motion declaring the lunacy laws unsatisfactory but the motion passed parliament . |
139 | schools | 2 | VALUE | in 1844 , ashley became president of the ragged school union that promoted ragged schools . |
140 | coffin | 2 | SEQUENCE | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
141 | certificate | 2 | REQUEST | the committee 's report endorsed all of shaftesbury 's recommendations except for one : that a magistrate 's signature on a certificate of lunacy be made compulsory . |
142 | lord shaftesbury | 2 | PERSON | reform of the lunacy laws see also : history of psychiatric institutions lord shaftesbury by henry hering |
143 | duck puddle | 2 | PERSON | in the school grounds , there was an unsavoury mosquito-breeding pond called the duck puddle . |
144 | animals | 2 | ANIMAL | animal welfare shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the victoria street society for the protection of animals from vivisection . |
145 | office | 2 | PLACE | ashley politely declined , writing in his diary that he believed that serving under canning would be a betrayal of his allegiance to the duke of wellington and that he was not qualified for office . |
146 | misery | 2 | CONDITION | despite this powerful reprieve , school became another source of misery for the young ashley , whose education at manor house from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range of horrors " . |
147 | proposal | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | shaftesbury was an early proponent of the restoration of the jews to the holy land , providing the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine . |
148 | recommendations | 2 | SUGGESTION | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
149 | action | 2 | ACTION | she commenced legal action against shaftesbury and other lunacy commissioners although it failed . |
150 | houses act | 2 | ACT | the common lodging houses act 1851 , which charles dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " |
151 | ashley cooper | 2 | PERSON | anthony ashley cooper is remembered in the church of england with a commemoration on 1 october . |
152 | gospel | 2 | EVENT | he was a man most true in his personal piety , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our lord jesus christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of god and truth . |
153 | room | 2 | ROOM | the room was extremely filthy and filled with an intolerable smell . |
154 | motion | 2 | ACTION | in may , shaftesbury spoke in the lords against a motion declaring the lunacy laws unsatisfactory but the motion passed parliament . |
155 | effort | 2 | ACTION | he wrote in his diary : " so , by god 's blessing , my first effort has been for the advance of human happiness . |
156 | authority | 2 | PERSON | the common lodging houses act 1851 , which charles dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " |
157 | school | 2 | INSTITUTION | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
158 | mother | 2 | PERSON | even as an adult , he disliked his father and was known to refer to his mother as " a devil " . |
159 | work | 2 | ACTIVITY | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
160 | poor man | 2 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
161 | days | 2 | PERIOD | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
162 | baron templemore | 2 | UNKNOWN | st george 's , hanover square , london harry chichester , 2nd baron templemore ( 4 june 1821 - 10 june 1906 ) , son of arthur chichester , 1st baron templemore and lady augusta paget , and had issue. 6 . ( anthony ) |
163 | insane | 2 | UNKNOWN | the white house had been described as " a mere place for dying " rather than curing the insane and when the committee asked dr macmichael whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums in the neighbourhood of london any curative process is going on with regard to pauper patients " , he replied : |
164 | works | 2 | UNKNOWN | he wrote : " beyond the circle of my own commissioners and the lunatics that i visit , not a soul , in great or small life , not even my associates in my works of philanthropy , has any notion of the years of toil and care that , under god , i have bestowed on this melancholy and awful question " . |
165 | power | 2 | POWER | in addition , local authorities were given the power to make regulations for common-lodging houses and exact penalties for regulation breaches . |
166 | knowledge | 2 | AMOUNT | when " the hour of trial " arrived shaftesbury defended the lunacy commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the lunacy commission was established in 1828 . |
167 | friend | 2 | PERSON | they might always rely on him as a ready , steadfast and willing friend " . |
168 | pauper lunatics | 2 | PERSON | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
169 | opium trade | 2 | PROCESS | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
170 | near east | 2 | PLACE | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
171 | middlesex | 2 | PLACE | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
172 | week | 2 | PERIOD | ashley employed william dodd at 45 shillings a week , and he wrote the factory system : |
173 | boards | 2 | NUMBER | the labouring classes lodging houses act 1851 " empowered borough councils and local boards to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges , management , etc . |
174 | evelyn melbourne ashley | 2 | PERSON | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
175 | lord palmerston | 2 | PERSON | emily is likely in fact to have been the natural daughter of lord palmerston ( later her official stepfather ) , on 10 june 1830 . |
176 | funeral | 2 | ACTION | " once , at the foot of harrow hill , he was the horrified witness of a pauper 's funeral . |
177 | marlborough | 2 | PERSON | he was the eldest son of the 6th earl of shaftesbury and lady anne spencer ( daughter of the 4th duke of marlborough ) , and elder brother of henry ashley , mp . |
178 | evelyn ashley | 2 | PERSON | evelyn ashley left several other descendants via his daughter and edwina 's younger sister . |
179 | loss | 2 | PERSON | though painfully disappointed , i am not disheartened , nor am i at a loss either what course to take , or what advice to give . |
180 | use | 2 | USE | in 1851 , 1853 and 1855 , shaftesbury introduced bills into parliament to deal with the ongoing use of boy chimney sweeps but these were all defeated . |
181 | oxford | 2 | PLACE | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
182 | months | 2 | PERIOD | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
183 | wellington | 2 | PLACE | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
184 | christian | 2 | PERSON | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
185 | case | 2 | STUDY | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
186 | thing | 2 | ENTITY | is there such a thing ? |
187 | measures | 2 | MEASURE | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
188 | end | 2 | UNKNOWN | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
189 | magistrate | 2 | UNKNOWN | the committee 's report endorsed all of shaftesbury 's recommendations except for one : that a magistrate 's signature on a certificate of lunacy be made compulsory . |
190 | insanity | 2 | STATE | lord shaftesbury ( as ashley had become upon his father 's death in 1851 ) was the chief witness and opposed the suggestion that the certification of insanity be made more difficult and that early treatment of insanity was essential if there was to be any prospect of a cure . |
191 | success | 2 | STATE | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
192 | regulation | 2 | PERSON | in july 1845 , ashley sponsored two lunacy acts , ' for the regulation of lunatic asylums ' and ' for the better care and treatment of lunatics in england and wales ' . |
193 | sane persons | 2 | PERSON | in early 1858 , a select committee was appointed over concerns that sane persons were detained in lunatic asylums . |
194 | experience | 2 | EFFECT | g. f. a . best , in his biography shaftesbury , writes that " ashley grew up without any experience of parental love . |
195 | notice | 2 | ACT | he saw little of his parents , and when duty or necessity compelled them to take notice of him they were formal and frightening . " |
196 | faith | 2 | PERSON | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
197 | mines | 2 | PERSON | ashley introduced the mines and collieries act 1842 in parliament to outlaw the employment of women and children underground in coal mines . |
198 | madhouses | 2 | BUILDING | in 1827 , when ashley-cooper was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums , the majority of lunatics in london were kept in madhouses owned by dr warburton . |
199 | presence | 2 | STATE | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
200 | books | 2 | ENTITY | these books were attacked by john bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . |
201 | white house | 2 | PLACE | the committee examined many witnesses concerning one of his madhouses in bethnal green , called the white house . |
202 | restoration | 2 | PROCESS | religious restoration zionist movement further information : |
203 | subject | 2 | EVENT | the second incident was his unusual choice of a subject for a latin poem . |
204 | classes | 2 | UNKNOWN | ashley 's early family life was loveless , a circumstance common among the british upper classes . |
205 | grave | 1 | RESULT | he has finished his course ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave with the sorrow of those that have no hope , yet we cannot but mourn that a great man and a prince has fallen this day in israel . |
206 | eyes | 1 | SET | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
207 | peter cowper | 1 | PERSON | cowper ( died 15 october 1872 ) , daughter of peter cowper , 5th earl cowper and emily lamb , countess cowper ; |
208 | board | 1 | NUMBER | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
209 | region | 1 | PLACE | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
210 | bawdy songs | 1 | RANK | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
211 | selborne | 1 | UNKNOWN | the lord chancellor selborne supported a lunacy law amendment bill and shaftesbury wanted to resign from the lunacy commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a bill supported by the lord chancellor . |
212 | labouring classes | 1 | UNKNOWN | the labouring classes lodging houses act 1851 " empowered borough councils and local boards to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges , management , etc . |
213 | sisters | 1 | PERSON | this difficult childhood was softened by the affection he received from the family housekeeper maria millis , and his sisters . |
214 | beds | 1 | EVENT | the patients were chained up , slept naked on straw , and excreted in their beds . |
215 | galilee | 1 | SPACE | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
216 | fearlessness | 1 | QUALITY | i rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . |
217 | scrotum | 1 | UNKNOWN | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
218 | muhammad ali | 1 | UNKNOWN | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
219 | creation | 1 | EVENT | the society 's efforts eventually led to the creation of the investigative royal commission on opium . |
220 | countess cowper | 1 | PERSON | cowper ( died 15 october 1872 ) , daughter of peter cowper , 5th earl cowper and emily lamb , countess cowper ; |
221 | group | 1 | GROUP | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
222 | liberal mp | 1 | PERSON | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
223 | appointment | 1 | PROCESS | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
224 | dr alexander keith | 1 | PERSON | this is commonly cited as an early use of the phrase " a land without a people for a people without a land " by which shaftesbury was echoing another british proponent of the restoration of the jews to palestine , dr alexander keith . |
225 | maynooth college act | 1 | ACT | he denounced the maynooth college act 1845 , which funded the catholic seminary in ireland that would train many priests . |
226 | reprieve | 1 | ACT | despite this powerful reprieve , school became another source of misery for the young ashley , whose education at manor house from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range of horrors " . |
227 | priests | 1 | PERSON | he denounced the maynooth college act 1845 , which funded the catholic seminary in ireland that would train many priests . |
228 | prospect | 1 | PERSON | lord shaftesbury ( as ashley had become upon his father 's death in 1851 ) was the chief witness and opposed the suggestion that the certification of insanity be made more difficult and that early treatment of insanity was essential if there was to be any prospect of a cure . |
229 | square | 1 | PLACE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
230 | honours | 1 | UNKNOWN | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
231 | graham | 1 | PERSON | 143-144 in march 1844 , ashley moved an amendment to a factory bill limiting the working hours of adolescents to ten hours after sir james graham had introduced a bill aiming to limit their working hours to twelve hours . |
232 | world | 1 | PLACE | during the past week the church of god , and the world at large , have sustained a very serious loss . |
233 | olive oil | 1 | PERSON | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
234 | life lord ashley | 1 | PERSON | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
235 | context | 1 | PROCESS | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
236 | nights | 1 | PERIOD | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
237 | family housekeeper maria millis | 1 | PERSON | this difficult childhood was softened by the affection he received from the family housekeeper maria millis , and his sisters . |
238 | mercy | 1 | PERSON | there is a country without a nation ; and god now in his wisdom and mercy , directs us to a nation without a country . " |
239 | am i | 1 | UNKNOWN | though painfully disappointed , i am not disheartened , nor am i at a loss either what course to take , or what advice to give . |
240 | lady victoria elizabeth ashley | 1 | PERSON | 5. lady victoria elizabeth ashley , later lady templemore ( 23 september 1837 - 15 february 1927 ) , married 8 january 1873 ( aged 35 ) |
241 | recollection | 1 | ARTIFACT | fright almost deprived me of recollection but again thank heaven , i did not sit down quite a presumptuous idiot " . |
242 | loyalty | 1 | STATE | they called him narrow ; and in this they bear unconscious testimony to his loyalty to truth . |
243 | woodstock | 1 | PERSON | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
244 | edwina ashley | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
245 | textile manufacture | 1 | PROCESS | illustrated to describe the conditions of working children in textile manufacture . |
246 | pall bearer | 1 | PERSON |  |
247 | carlo pellegrini | 1 | PERSON | the earl of shaftesbury by carlo pellegrini , 1869 |
248 | child labour | 1 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
249 | empire | 1 | STATE | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
250 | sir james graham | 1 | PERSON | 143-144 in march 1844 , ashley moved an amendment to a factory bill limiting the working hours of adolescents to ten hours after sir james graham had introduced a bill aiming to limit their working hours to twelve hours . |
251 | equal | 1 | PERSON | he occupied his high position with singleness of purpose and immovable steadfastness : where shall we find his equal ? |
252 | blessing | 1 | PERSON | he wrote in his diary : " so , by god 's blessing , my first effort has been for the advance of human happiness . |
253 | by laws | 1 | PERSON |  |
254 | face | 1 | PORTION | it was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . |
255 | allegiance | 1 | STATE | ashley politely declined , writing in his diary that he believed that serving under canning would be a betrayal of his allegiance to the duke of wellington and that he was not qualified for office . |
256 | thought | 1 | AMOUNT | i rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . |
257 | points | 1 | UNKNOWN | in the committee 's report , the members of the committee agreed with shaftesbury 's evidence on all points . |
258 | charles dickens | 1 | PERSON | the common lodging houses act 1851 , which charles dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " |
259 | return | 1 | STATEMENT | a committed christian and a loyal englishman , shaftesbury argued for a jewish return because of what he saw as the political and economic advantages britain would gain from this and because he believed that it was god 's will . |
260 | dwellings | 1 | BUILDING | this marked , according to one study , " the first attempt of the legislature to grapple with the question of unhealthy dwellings . " |
261 | authorities | 1 | PERSON | he chose it as his subject because he was urgently concerned that the school authorities should do something about it , and this appeared to be the simplest way of bringing it to their attention . |
262 | provision | 1 | UNKNOWN | however , when the bill was introduced and it contained the provision which made it compulsory for a certificate of lunacy to be signed by a magistrate or a judge , he resigned . |
263 | john collier successor | 1 | PERSON | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
264 | britain | 1 | PLACE | shaftesbury was also a student of edward bickersteth and the two men became prominent advocates of christian zionism in britain . |
265 | shaftsbury | 1 | UNKNOWN | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
266 | commemoration | 1 | ACT | anthony ashley cooper is remembered in the church of england with a commemoration on 1 october . |
267 | education reform | 1 | AMOUNT | education reform |
268 | robert peel | 1 | PERSON | in 1842 , ashley wrote twice to the prime minister , robert peel , to urge the government to support a new factory act . |
269 | europe | 1 | PLACE | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
270 | dominion | 1 | COLLECTION | in his diary that year he wrote " these vast and fertile regions will soon be without a ruler , without a known and acknowledged power to claim dominion . |
271 | vice president | 1 | PERSON |  |
272 | charles spurgeon | 1 | PERSON | abbey three days after his death , charles spurgeon eulogised him , saying : |
273 | henry hering | 1 | PERSON | reform of the lunacy laws see also : history of psychiatric institutions lord shaftesbury by henry hering |
274 | countess mountbatten | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
275 | f. winter | 1 | PERSON | bust of anthony ashley-cooper , by f. winter , 1886 . |
276 | richard cobden | 1 | PERSON | at the end of his speech , his opponent on the ten hours issue , richard cobden , walked over to ashley and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as i have been by your speech . " |
277 | behalf | 1 | PERSON | ashley visited this on the committee 's behalf . |
278 | skin | 1 | PERSON | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
279 | costermongers | 1 | UNKNOWN | a funeral service was held in westminster abbey during the early morning of 8 october and the streets along the route from grosvenor square and westminster abbey were thronged with poor people , costermongers , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers who waited for hours to see shaftesbury 's coffin as it passed by . |
280 | evil | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | surely , the righteous are taken away from the evil to come , and we are left to struggle on under increasing difficulties . |
281 | lunacy law amendment bill | 1 | PERSON | the lord chancellor selborne supported a lunacy law amendment bill and shaftesbury wanted to resign from the lunacy commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a bill supported by the lord chancellor . |
282 | establishment | 1 | ACT | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
283 | shaftesbury kg anthony ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
284 | short time committees | 1 | UNKNOWN | peel wrote in reply that he would not support one , and ashley wrote to the short time committees of cheshire , lancashire and yorkshire who desired a ten hours act : |
285 | lungs | 1 | BODY | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
286 | enniskillen | 1 | UNKNOWN | evelyn ashley married 2ndly 30 june 1891 lady alice elizabeth cole ( 4 february 1853 - 25 august 1931 ) , daughter of william willoughby cole , 3rd earl of enniskillen by his first wife jane casamajor , no issue . |
287 | produce | 1 | PLACE | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
288 | angel | 1 | ACTION | this is officially titled the angel of christian charity , but has become popularly if mistakenly known as eros . |
289 | illness | 1 | ILLNESS | maurice william ashley-cooper , third son ( 22 july 1835 - 19 august 1855 ) , died aged 20 , after several years of illness . |
290 | standard | 1 | RULE | it appears on the masthead of the evening standard . |
291 | john bright | 1 | PERSON | these books were attacked by john bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . |
292 | lady emily cowper issue parents cropley ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
293 | revelation | 1 | ACT | i rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . |
294 | family lord shaftesbury | 1 | PERSON | family lord shaftesbury , then lord ashley , married lady emily caroline catherine frances |
295 | piccadilly circus | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury memorial fountain the shaftesbury memorial fountain in piccadilly circus , london , erected in 1893 , was designed to commemorate his philanthropic works . |
296 | archer | 1 | PERSON | the fountain is crowned by alfred gilbert 's aluminium statue of anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . |
297 | arms | 1 | LANGUAGE | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
298 | london area | 1 | AREA | through these acts , fifteen commissioners were appointed for the london area and given extensive powers of licensing and inspection , one of the commissioners being ashley . |
299 | biographers | 1 | PERSON | one of his biographers , georgina battiscombe , has claimed that " no man has in fact ever done more to lessen the extent of human misery or to add to the sum total of human happiness " . |
300 | health | 1 | PROPERTY | such lodging-houses were under the inspection of the local boards of health . " |
301 | francis henry ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
302 | emily lamb | 1 | PERSON | cowper ( died 15 october 1872 ) , daughter of peter cowper , 5th earl cowper and emily lamb , countess cowper ; |
303 | prince | 1 | PERSON | he made a speech in support of the act and the prince consort wrote to him afterwards , sending him the " best wishes for your total success " . |
304 | common | 1 | UNKNOWN | ashley 's early family life was loveless , a circumstance common among the british upper classes . |
305 | promoting christianity | 1 | PERSON | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
306 | societies | 1 | UNKNOWN | he wrote , of the bible society , " of all societies , this is nearest to my heart... |
307 | arthur chichester | 1 | PERSON | st george 's , hanover square , london harry chichester , 2nd baron templemore ( 4 june 1821 - 10 june 1906 ) , son of arthur chichester , 1st baron templemore and lady augusta paget , and had issue. 6 . ( anthony ) |
308 | islands | 1 | PLACE | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
309 | realignments | 1 | ACT | ali two decades earlier , signalled an opening for realignments in the near east . |
310 | sprang | 1 | PERSON | these schools were for poor children and sprang up from volunteers . |
311 | john fielden | 1 | PERSON | in 1846 , whilst he was out of parliament , ashley strongly supported john fielden 's ten hours bill , which was lost by ten votes . |
312 | women | 1 | PERSON | ashley introduced the mines and collieries act 1842 in parliament to outlaw the employment of women and children underground in coal mines . |
313 | william willoughby cole | 1 | PERSON | evelyn ashley married 2ndly 30 june 1891 lady alice elizabeth cole ( 4 february 1853 - 25 august 1931 ) , daughter of william willoughby cole , 3rd earl of enniskillen by his first wife jane casamajor , no issue . |
314 | process | 1 | PROCESS | the white house had been described as " a mere place for dying " rather than curing the insane and when the committee asked dr macmichael whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums in the neighbourhood of london any curative process is going on with regard to pauper patients " , he replied : |
315 | generation | 1 | RESULT | we shall not know for many a year how much we miss in missing him ; how great an anchor he was to this drifting generation , and how great a stimulus he was to every movement for the benefit of the poor . |
316 | decades | 1 | UNKNOWN | ali two decades earlier , signalled an opening for realignments in the near east . |
317 | husband | 1 | PERSON | in 1884 , the husband of mrs georgina weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . |
318 | harrow | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
319 | sir walter farquhar | 1 | PERSON | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
320 | christianity | 1 | PERSON | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
321 | georgina battiscombe | 1 | PERSON | one of his biographers , georgina battiscombe , has claimed that " no man has in fact ever done more to lessen the extent of human misery or to add to the sum total of human happiness " . |
322 | meetings | 1 | ACTIVITY | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
323 | predecessors | 1 | PERSON | act 1864 but , like its predecessors , it remained ineffectual . |
324 | watchword | 1 | DOCUMENT | bible society has always been a watchword in our house . " |
325 | text | 1 | DOCUMENT | the text of a narrative of the experience and sufferings of william dodd a factory cripple was sent to lord ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . |
326 | chairmanship | 1 | UNKNOWN | the government fell , however , and the bill was withdrawn and shaftesbury resumed his chairmanship of the lunacy commission . |
327 | baronet | 1 | PERSON | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
328 | shift | 1 | PROCESS | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
329 | suggestion | 1 | SUGGESTION | lord shaftesbury ( as ashley had become upon his father 's death in 1851 ) was the chief witness and opposed the suggestion that the certification of insanity be made more difficult and that early treatment of insanity was essential if there was to be any prospect of a cure . |
330 | sloth | 1 | QUALITY | it was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . |
331 | reality | 1 | PERSON | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
332 | enforcement | 1 | CONDITION | act 1875 which ensured the annual licensing of chimney sweeps and the enforcement of the law by the police . |
333 | light | 1 | LIGHT | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
334 | servants | 1 | PERSON | i do not know whom i should place second , but i certainly should put him first— far beyond all other servants of god within my knowledge— for usefulness and influence . |
335 | starvation | 1 | CONDITION | shaftesbury himself shuddered to recall those years : " the place was bad , wicked , filthy ; and the treatment was starvation and cruelty . " |
336 | syria | 1 | PERSON | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
337 | advocate | 1 | PERSON | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
338 | property | 1 | PROPERTY | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
339 | betrayal | 1 | ACT | ashley politely declined , writing in his diary that he believed that serving under canning would be a betrayal of his allegiance to the duke of wellington and that he was not qualified for office . |
340 | chimney sweepers | 1 | PERSON | he succeeded in passing the chimney sweepers regulation |
341 | grace | 1 | PERSON | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
342 | volunteers | 1 | PERSON | these schools were for poor children and sprang up from volunteers . |
343 | trial | 1 | EFFECT | when " the hour of trial " arrived shaftesbury defended the lunacy commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the lunacy commission was established in 1828 . |
344 | henry ashley | 1 | PERSON | he was the eldest son of the 6th earl of shaftesbury and lady anne spencer ( daughter of the 4th duke of marlborough ) , and elder brother of henry ashley , mp . |
345 | fatness | 1 | STATE | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
346 | opponent | 1 | PERSON | at the end of his speech , his opponent on the ten hours issue , richard cobden , walked over to ashley and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as i have been by your speech . " |
347 | burial | 1 | ACT | although he was offered a burial at westminster abbey , shaftesbury wished to be buried at st. giles . |
348 | police | 1 | PERSON | act 1875 which ensured the annual licensing of chimney sweeps and the enforcement of the law by the police . |
349 | judge | 1 | PERSON | however , when the bill was introduced and it contained the provision which made it compulsory for a certificate of lunacy to be signed by a magistrate or a judge , he resigned . |
350 | veneration lord shaftesbury | 1 | PERSON | veneration lord shaftesbury was a member of the canterbury association , as were two of wilberforce 's sons , samuel and robert . |
351 | pug dog | 1 | DOG | in 1884 , the husband of mrs georgina weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . |
352 | lord | 1 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
353 | greater syria | 1 | PERSON | in july 1853 , shaftesbury wrote to the prime minister , lord aberdeen , that greater syria was " a country without a nation " in need of " a nation without a country... |
354 | ireland | 1 | PLACE | he denounced the maynooth college act 1845 , which funded the catholic seminary in ireland that would train many priests . |
355 | heaven | 1 | PERSON | fright almost deprived me of recollection but again thank heaven , i did not sit down quite a presumptuous idiot " . |
356 | factory people | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | " if there was one man in england more devoted to the interests of the factory people than another , it was lord ashley . |
357 | shillings | 1 | MONEY | ashley employed william dodd at 45 shillings a week , and he wrote the factory system : |
358 | wife jane casamajor | 1 | PERSON | evelyn ashley married 2ndly 30 june 1891 lady alice elizabeth cole ( 4 february 1853 - 25 august 1931 ) , daughter of william willoughby cole , 3rd earl of enniskillen by his first wife jane casamajor , no issue . |
359 | benefit | 1 | PROPERTY | we shall not know for many a year how much we miss in missing him ; how great an anchor he was to this drifting generation , and how great a stimulus he was to every movement for the benefit of the poor . |
360 | spirit | 1 | STATE | in 1884 , the husband of mrs georgina weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . |
361 | welfare | 1 | STATE | animal welfare shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the victoria street society for the protection of animals from vivisection . |
362 | burma | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
363 | county lunatic asylums | 1 | PERSON | ashley was also involved in framing the county lunatic asylums ( england ) |
364 | idiot | 1 | PERSON | fright almost deprived me of recollection but again thank heaven , i did not sit down quite a presumptuous idiot " . |
365 | esteem | 1 | ACT | those things which have been regarded as faults by the loose thinkers of this age are prime virtues in my esteem . |
366 | petitions | 1 | ACT | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
367 | cure | 1 | MEASURE | lord shaftesbury ( as ashley had become upon his father 's death in 1851 ) was the chief witness and opposed the suggestion that the certification of insanity be made more difficult and that early treatment of insanity was essential if there was to be any prospect of a cure . |
368 | george williams | 1 | PERSON | george williams ( ymca ) chaired the organising committee of his funeral , and was a pall-bearer at it . |
369 | earl cowper | 1 | PERSON | cowper ( died 15 october 1872 ) , daughter of peter cowper , 5th earl cowper and emily lamb , countess cowper ; |
370 | foreign minister palmerston | 1 | PERSON | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
371 | collection | 1 | COLLECTION | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
372 | monday | 1 | PERIOD | they were left chained from saturday afternoon until monday morning when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement . |
373 | legislature | 1 | BODY | this marked , according to one study , " the first attempt of the legislature to grapple with the question of unhealthy dwellings . " |
374 | tenure | 1 | STATUS | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
375 | biography shaftesbury | 1 | UNKNOWN | g. f. a . best , in his biography shaftesbury , writes that " ashley grew up without any experience of parental love . |
376 | london society | 1 | INSTITUTION | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
377 | record | 1 | ARTIFACT | these acts consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws , providing better record keeping and more strict certification regulations to ensure patients against unwarranted detention . |
378 | advantages britain | 1 | PLACE | a committed christian and a loyal englishman , shaftesbury argued for a jewish return because of what he saw as the political and economic advantages britain would gain from this and because he believed that it was god 's will . |
379 | members | 1 | PERSON | in the committee 's report , the members of the committee agreed with shaftesbury 's evidence on all points . |
380 | uncle | 1 | PERSON | it also provided invaluable political connections for ashley ; his wife 's maternal uncle was lord melbourne and her stepfather ( and supposed biological father ) |
381 | activism | 1 | FORM | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
382 | peel | 1 | PERSON | in 1842 , ashley wrote twice to the prime minister , robert peel , to urge the government to support a new factory act . |
383 | experiences | 1 | UNKNOWN | ashley had become a committed christian , and whilst at harrow he had two experiences which influenced his later life . |
384 | construction | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | they also ordered , instead of merely permitting , the construction of country lunatic asylums and establishing an ongoing lunacy commission with ashley as its chairman . |
385 | death inflammation | 1 | CONDITION | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
386 | statue | 1 | PERSON | the fountain is crowned by alfred gilbert 's aluminium statue of anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . |
387 | advocates | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury was also a student of edward bickersteth and the two men became prominent advocates of christian zionism in britain . |
388 | north | 1 | PLACE | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
389 | june lady alice elizabeth cole | 1 | PERSON |  |
390 | regulations | 1 | PERSON | these acts consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws , providing better record keeping and more strict certification regulations to ensure patients against unwarranted detention . |
391 | right honourable the earl | 1 | PERSON | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
392 | parliamentary committees | 1 | UNKNOWN | before he had completed one year in the commons , he had been appointed to three parliamentary committees and he received his fourth such appointment in june 1827 , when he was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums . |
393 | dorset nationality british spouse s | 1 | PERSON |  |
394 | friendship | 1 | CONDITION | he was a man most true in his personal piety , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our lord jesus christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of god and truth . |
395 | boot blacks | 1 | PERSON |  |
396 | england cause | 1 | CAUSE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
397 | flower girls | 1 | PERSON |  |
398 | clifton gardens | 1 | PERSON | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
399 | factory hands | 1 | PROCESS |  |
400 | growth | 1 | ACT | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
401 | capel hanbury leigh | 1 | PERSON | he married 12 december 1868 frances elizabeth leigh " fanny ( d. 12 august 1875 ) , daughter of capel hanbury leigh ; apparently had no issue. 7 . lady mary charlotte ashley-cooper , second daughter ( 25 july 1842 - 3 september 1861 ) . 8 . lady constance emily ashley-cooper , third daughter , or " conty " ( 29 november 1845 - 16 |
402 | mrs georgina weldon | 1 | PERSON | in 1884 , the husband of mrs georgina weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . |
403 | air | 1 | AIR | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
404 | account | 1 | COLLECTION | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
405 | loft | 1 | PROPERTY | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
406 | lord aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | in july 1853 , shaftesbury wrote to the prime minister , lord aberdeen , that greater syria was " a country without a nation " in need of " a nation without a country... |
407 | norwood hill | 1 | HILL | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
408 | cause | 1 | CAUSE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
409 | mistreatment | 1 | TREATMENT | these books were attacked by john bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . |
410 | judgment | 1 | ACT | in the taking home to himself by our gracious lord of the earl of shaftesbury , we have , in my judgment , lost the best man of the age . |
411 | mediator | 1 | PERSON | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
412 | g. f. a | 1 | UNKNOWN | g. f. a . best , in his biography shaftesbury , writes that " ashley grew up without any experience of parental love . |
413 | employee | 1 | PERSON | these books were attacked by john bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . |
414 | zionism shaftesbury | 1 | UNKNOWN | zionism shaftesbury was a pre-millennial evangelical anglican who believed in the imminent second coming of christ . |
415 | poem | 1 | PERSON | the second incident was his unusual choice of a subject for a latin poem . |
416 | heart | 1 | ACTIVITY | ashley wrote that " if the ragged school system were to fail i should not die in the course of nature , i should die of a broken heart " . |
417 | route | 1 | ROUTE | a funeral service was held in westminster abbey during the early morning of 8 october and the streets along the route from grosvenor square and westminster abbey were thronged with poor people , costermongers , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers who waited for hours to see shaftesbury 's coffin as it passed by . |
418 | triumph | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | this little triumph was a useful fillip to his self-confidence , but it was more than that . |
419 | phrase | 1 | PHRASE | this is commonly cited as an early use of the phrase " a land without a people for a people without a land " by which shaftesbury was echoing another british proponent of the restoration of the jews to palestine , dr alexander keith . |
420 | keeper | 1 | PERSON | regular cleansing and whitewashing were enforced while it was rendered compulsory " for the keeper of a lodging-house to give immediate notice of any case of fever or infectious disease in the house to the local authority , to the poor law medical officer and the relieving officer . " |
421 | teenage years ashley | 1 | PERSON |  |
422 | firm | 1 | INSTITUTION | he was a man most true in his personal piety , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our lord jesus christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of god and truth . |
423 | july sybella charlotte farquhar | 1 | PERSON |  |
424 | afterwards | 1 | UNKNOWN | soon afterwards the duck puddle was inspected , condemned and filled in . |
425 | aluminium statue | 1 | PERSON | the fountain is crowned by alfred gilbert 's aluminium statue of anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . |
426 | step | 1 | NAME | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
427 | madder | 1 | PERSON | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
428 | lancashire committees | 1 | PERSON | in july one member of the lancashire committees set up to support the bill wrote that : |
429 | wife harriet | 1 | PERSON | he proved to be a disappointing heir apparent , constantly running up debts with his extravagant wife harriet , born lady harriet chichester . |
430 | kg anthony ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
431 | devil | 1 | QUALITY | even as an adult , he disliked his father and was known to refer to his mother as " a devil " . |
432 | descendants | 1 | RESULT | evelyn ashley left several other descendants via his daughter and edwina 's younger sister . |
433 | stimulus | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | we shall not know for many a year how much we miss in missing him ; how great an anchor he was to this drifting generation , and how great a stimulus he was to every movement for the benefit of the poor . |
434 | drunken pallbearers | 1 | PERSON | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
435 | harrow school | 1 | INSTITUTION | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
436 | towel | 1 | CLOTH | they were then washed down in freezing cold water and one towel was allotted to 160 people , with no soap . |
437 | protestant powers | 1 | PERSON | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
438 | breaches | 1 | AMOUNT | in july 1837 , he accused the government of ignoring the breaches of the 1833 act and moved the resolution that the house regretted the regulation of the working hours of children had been found to be unsatisfactory . |
439 | difference | 1 | ACT | he felt that there was a vital and eternal difference between truth and error ; consequently , he did not act or talk as if there was much to be said on either side , and , therefore , no one could be quite sure . |
440 | morning | 1 | PERSON | they were left chained from saturday afternoon until monday morning when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement . |
441 | detentions | 1 | RESOURCE | the report also agreed with shaftesbury that unwarranted detentions were " extremely rare " . |
442 | basis | 1 | RESULT | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
443 | ten hours bill | 1 | PERSON | in 1846 , whilst he was out of parliament , ashley strongly supported john fielden 's ten hours bill , which was lost by ten votes . |
444 | george frederick watts | 1 | PERSON | lord shaftesbury by george frederick watts |
445 | ten hours issue | 1 | EVENT | at the end of his speech , his opponent on the ten hours issue , richard cobden , walked over to ashley and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as i have been by your speech . " |
446 | purpose | 1 | PURPOSE | he occupied his high position with singleness of purpose and immovable steadfastness : where shall we find his equal ? |
447 | catholic church ritualism | 1 | PERSON | he strongly opposed roman catholic church ritualism among high church anglicans . |
448 | soul | 1 | PERSON | in 1884 , the husband of mrs georgina weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . |
449 | lady augusta paget | 1 | PERSON | st george 's , hanover square , london harry chichester , 2nd baron templemore ( 4 june 1821 - 10 june 1906 ) , son of arthur chichester , 1st baron templemore and lady augusta paget , and had issue. 6 . ( anthony ) |
450 | english consul | 1 | PERSON | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
451 | degrees | 1 | PROCESS | the children , who mostly had various degrees of ill-health , were : |
452 | month | 1 | PERIOD | later that month , graham introduced another bill which again would limit the employment of adolescents to twelve hours . |
453 | apollo university lodge | 1 | PERSON | whilst at oxford , he joined the apollo university lodge . |
454 | certification regulations | 1 | PERSON | these acts consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws , providing better record keeping and more strict certification regulations to ensure patients against unwarranted detention . |
455 | detention | 1 | RESOURCE | these acts consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws , providing better record keeping and more strict certification regulations to ensure patients against unwarranted detention . |
456 | school system | 1 | SYSTEM | ashley wrote that " if the ragged school system were to fail i should not die in the course of nature , i should die of a broken heart " . |
457 | conquest | 1 | PERSON | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
458 | tory member | 1 | PERSON | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
459 | earls | 1 | PERSON | 1. anthony ashley-cooper , 8th earl of shaftesbury ( 27 june 1831 - 13 april 1886 ) , ancestor of all subsequent earls . |
460 | career ashley | 1 | PERSON |  |
461 | actions | 1 | ACTION | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
462 | conty | 1 | PERSON | he married 12 december 1868 frances elizabeth leigh " fanny ( d. 12 august 1875 ) , daughter of capel hanbury leigh ; apparently had no issue. 7 . lady mary charlotte ashley-cooper , second daughter ( 25 july 1842 - 3 september 1861 ) . 8 . lady constance emily ashley-cooper , third daughter , or " conty " ( 29 november 1845 - 16 |
463 | childhood | 1 | PROPERTY | this difficult childhood was softened by the affection he received from the family housekeeper maria millis , and his sisters . |
464 | bethnal green | 1 | PLACE | the committee examined many witnesses concerning one of his madhouses in bethnal green , called the white house . |
465 | years born | 1 | PERSON | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
466 | student | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury was also a student of edward bickersteth and the two men became prominent advocates of christian zionism in britain . |
467 | practice | 1 | COLLECTION | in 1879 , he delivered a speech condemning the practice of vivisection and questioned why vivisectionists were subjecting " god 's creatures to such unspeakable sufferings ? " . |
468 | ruler | 1 | PERSON | in his diary that year he wrote " these vast and fertile regions will soon be without a ruler , without a known and acknowledged power to claim dominion . |
469 | wisdom | 1 | PERSON | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
470 | necessity | 1 | CONDITION | he saw little of his parents , and when duty or necessity compelled them to take notice of him they were formal and frightening . " |
471 | lady edith florence ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
472 | attention | 1 | PERSON | he chose it as his subject because he was urgently concerned that the school authorities should do something about it , and this appeared to be the simplest way of bringing it to their attention . |
473 | territory | 1 | PLACE | the territory must be assigned to some one or other... |
474 | labour | 1 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
475 | choice | 1 | EVENT | the second incident was his unusual choice of a subject for a latin poem . |
476 | madhouses act | 1 | ACT | act 1828 and the madhouses act 1828 . |
477 | ill health | 1 | PROPERTY |  |
478 | affection | 1 | EMOTION | this difficult childhood was softened by the affection he received from the family housekeeper maria millis , and his sisters . |
479 | resolution | 1 | DISTANCE | in july 1837 , he accused the government of ignoring the breaches of the 1833 act and moved the resolution that the house regretted the regulation of the working hours of children had been found to be unsatisfactory . |
480 | lodgers | 1 | PERSON | the common lodging houses act 1851 , which charles dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " |
481 | grounds | 1 | MEASURE | in the school grounds , there was an unsavoury mosquito-breeding pond called the duck puddle . |
482 | royal commission | 1 | PERSON | the society 's efforts eventually led to the creation of the investigative royal commission on opium . |
483 | lady emily caroline catherine frances cowper | 1 | PERSON |  |
484 | person alive | 1 | UNKNOWN | when " the hour of trial " arrived shaftesbury defended the lunacy commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the lunacy commission was established in 1828 . |
485 | vital | 1 | PERSON | he felt that there was a vital and eternal difference between truth and error ; consequently , he did not act or talk as if there was much to be said on either side , and , therefore , no one could be quite sure . |
486 | lady harriet chichester | 1 | PERSON | he proved to be a disappointing heir apparent , constantly running up debts with his extravagant wife harriet , born lady harriet chichester . |
487 | pacha | 1 | PERSON | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
488 | anxiety | 1 | EVENT | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
489 | masalha | 1 | UNKNOWN | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
490 | existence | 1 | ENTITY | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
491 | anglican | 1 | UNKNOWN | zionism shaftesbury was a pre-millennial evangelical anglican who believed in the imminent second coming of christ . |
492 | efforts | 1 | ACTION | the society 's efforts eventually led to the creation of the investigative royal commission on opium . |
493 | witnesses | 1 | PERSON | the committee examined many witnesses concerning one of his madhouses in bethnal green , called the white house . |
494 | character | 1 | EVENT | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
495 | fault | 1 | STATE | if it is not possible that he was absolutely perfect , it is equally impossible for me to mention a single fault ; for i saw none . |
496 | philanthropist | 1 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
497 | narrative | 1 | NARRATIVE | the text of a narrative of the experience and sufferings of william dodd a factory cripple was sent to lord ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . |
498 | straw | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the patients were chained up , slept naked on straw , and excreted in their beds . |
499 | melancholy | 1 | INSTANCE | he wrote : " beyond the circle of my own commissioners and the lunatics that i visit , not a soul , in great or small life , not even my associates in my works of philanthropy , has any notion of the years of toil and care that , under god , i have bestowed on this melancholy and awful question " . |
500 | charges | 1 | AMOUNT | the labouring classes lodging houses act 1851 " empowered borough councils and local boards to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges , management , etc . |
501 | mourn | 1 | CAUSE | he has finished his course ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave with the sorrow of those that have no hope , yet we cannot but mourn that a great man and a prince has fallen this day in israel . |
502 | classics | 1 | ENTITY | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
503 | bills | 1 | PERSON | in 1851 , 1853 and 1855 , shaftesbury introduced bills into parliament to deal with the ongoing use of boy chimney sweeps but these were all defeated . |
504 | explains | 1 | UNKNOWN | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
505 | prince consort | 1 | PERSON | he made a speech in support of the act and the prince consort wrote to him afterwards , sending him the " best wishes for your total success " . |
506 | wife lady mary octavia somerset | 1 | PERSON | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
507 | nine | 1 | UNKNOWN | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
508 | fanny | 1 | PERSON | he married 12 december 1868 frances elizabeth leigh " fanny ( d. 12 august 1875 ) , daughter of capel hanbury leigh ; apparently had no issue. 7 . lady mary charlotte ashley-cooper , second daughter ( 25 july 1842 - 3 september 1861 ) . 8 . lady constance emily ashley-cooper , third daughter , or " conty " ( 29 november 1845 - 16 |
509 | integrity | 1 | EVENT | i rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . |
510 | letters | 1 | PURPOSE | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
511 | security | 1 | FORCE | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
512 | neighbourhood | 1 | UNKNOWN | the white house had been described as " a mere place for dying " rather than curing the insane and when the committee asked dr macmichael whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums in the neighbourhood of london any curative process is going on with regard to pauper patients " , he replied : |
513 | shaftesbury lady anne spencer | 1 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
514 | vivisectionists | 1 | PERSON | in 1879 , he delivered a speech condemning the practice of vivisection and questioned why vivisectionists were subjecting " god 's creatures to such unspeakable sufferings ? " . |
515 | brother | 1 | PERSON | he was the eldest son of the 6th earl of shaftesbury and lady anne spencer ( daughter of the 4th duke of marlborough ) , and elder brother of henry ashley , mp . |
516 | extent | 1 | PLACE | one of his biographers , georgina battiscombe , has claimed that " no man has in fact ever done more to lessen the extent of human misery or to add to the sum total of human happiness " . |
517 | silk | 1 | PERSON | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
518 | marble statue commemorates | 1 | PERSON | a white marble statue commemorates |
519 | christian charity | 1 | PERSON | this is officially titled the angel of christian charity , but has become popularly if mistakenly known as eros . |
520 | climbing boys | 1 | PERSON | climbing boys |
521 | zionist movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | he was also an early supporter of the zionist movement and the ymca and a leading figure in the evangelical movement in the church of england . |
522 | throats | 1 | MEASURE | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
523 | sacrifice | 1 | UNKNOWN | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
524 | foretaste | 1 | PIECE | it was a foretaste of his skill in getting people to act decisively in face of sloth or immediate self-interest . |
525 | crimean war | 1 | EVENT | the lead-up to the crimean war ( 1854 ) , like the military expansionism of muhammad |
526 | water | 1 | WATER | they were then washed down in freezing cold water and one towel was allotted to 160 people , with no soap . |
527 | vote | 1 | EVENT | however , in a later vote , his amendment was defeated by seven votes and the bill was withdrawn . |
528 | article | 1 | ARTICLE | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
529 | home secretary | 1 | PERSON | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
530 | inspectors | 1 | PERSON | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
531 | wife | 1 | PERSON | it also provided invaluable political connections for ashley ; his wife 's maternal uncle was lord melbourne and her stepfather ( and supposed biological father ) |
532 | lodging | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1851 two acts were passed at shaftesbury 's insistence concerning lodging houses . |
533 | heart... bible society | 1 | INSTITUTION |  |
534 | bill ill timed | 1 | PERSON |  |
535 | nature | 1 | NATURE | ashley wrote that " if the ragged school system were to fail i should not die in the course of nature , i should die of a broken heart " . |
536 | anchor | 1 | PERSON | we shall not know for many a year how much we miss in missing him ; how great an anchor he was to this drifting generation , and how great a stimulus he was to every movement for the benefit of the poor . |
537 | restoration zionist movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | religious restoration zionist movement further information : |
538 | finn | 1 | PERSON | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
539 | hope | 1 | EVENT | he has finished his course ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave with the sorrow of those that have no hope , yet we cannot but mourn that a great man and a prince has fallen this day in israel . |
540 | masthead | 1 | PERSON | it appears on the masthead of the evening standard . |
541 | lunacy commissioners | 1 | UNKNOWN | she commenced legal action against shaftesbury and other lunacy commissioners although it failed . |
542 | chiswick | 1 | UNKNOWN | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
543 | window | 1 | VALUE | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
544 | factory cripple | 1 | PERSON | the text of a narrative of the experience and sufferings of william dodd a factory cripple was sent to lord ashley and with his support was published in 1840 . |
545 | abundance | 1 | RATE | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
546 | memorandum | 1 | NUMBER | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
547 | child chimney sweeps | 1 | PERSON | despite being enforced in london , elsewhere the act did not stop the employment of child chimney sweeps and this led to the foundation of the climbing-boys ' society with ashley as its chairman . |
548 | connections | 1 | SET | it also provided invaluable political connections for ashley ; his wife 's maternal uncle was lord melbourne and her stepfather ( and supposed biological father ) |
549 | ten hour principle | 1 | PERSON | ashley 's amendment was passed by eight votes , the first time the commons had approved of the ten hour principle . |
550 | mind | 1 | FORM | at the end of his speech , his opponent on the ten hours issue , richard cobden , walked over to ashley and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as i have been by your speech . " |
551 | opening | 1 | ACT | ali two decades earlier , signalled an opening for realignments in the near east . |
552 | edwina | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
553 | canning | 1 | PERSON | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
554 | tasmania | 1 | UNKNOWN | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
555 | lunacy acts | 1 | ACT | in july 1845 , ashley sponsored two lunacy acts , ' for the regulation of lunatic asylums ' and ' for the better care and treatment of lunatics in england and wales ' . |
556 | edom | 1 | PLACE | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
557 | sum total | 1 | PERSON | one of his biographers , georgina battiscombe , has claimed that " no man has in fact ever done more to lessen the extent of human misery or to add to the sum total of human happiness " . |
558 | motives | 1 | POWER | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
559 | error | 1 | EVENT | he felt that there was a vital and eternal difference between truth and error ; consequently , he did not act or talk as if there was much to be said on either side , and , therefore , no one could be quite sure . |
560 | conferences | 1 | ACT | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
561 | quarterly review | 1 | ACT | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
562 | mary jones | 1 | PERSON | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
563 | wilberforce | 1 | PERSON | veneration lord shaftesbury was a member of the canterbury association , as were two of wilberforce 's sons , samuel and robert . |
564 | manor house | 1 | PLACE | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
565 | quaker businessmen | 1 | PERSON | the society was formed by quaker businessmen in 1874 , and shaftesbury was president from 1880 until his death . |
566 | study | 1 | STUDY | this marked , according to one study , " the first attempt of the legislature to grapple with the question of unhealthy dwellings . " |
567 | samuel | 1 | PERSON | veneration lord shaftesbury was a member of the canterbury association , as were two of wilberforce 's sons , samuel and robert . |
568 | addition | 1 | PERSON | in addition , local authorities were given the power to make regulations for common-lodging houses and exact penalties for regulation breaches . |
569 | marriage | 1 | ACT | this marriage , which proved a happy and fruitful one , produced ten children . |
570 | source | 1 | PERSON | despite this powerful reprieve , school became another source of misery for the young ashley , whose education at manor house from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range of horrors " . |
571 | daughters patricia | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
572 | pauper | 1 | PERSON | " once , at the foot of harrow hill , he was the horrified witness of a pauper 's funeral . |
573 | st. giles | 1 | PLACE | although he was offered a burial at westminster abbey , shaftesbury wished to be buried at st. giles . |
574 | fever | 1 | EVENT | regular cleansing and whitewashing were enforced while it was rendered compulsory " for the keeper of a lodging-house to give immediate notice of any case of fever or infectious disease in the house to the local authority , to the poor law medical officer and the relieving officer . " |
575 | opposition | 1 | EVENT | this was not put into law chiefly due to shaftesbury 's opposition to it . |
576 | measure | 1 | MEASURE | the common lodging houses act 1851 , which charles dickens described as ' the best measure ever passed in parliament , ' provided for all such lodging houses to be registered and " that no lodgers were to be kept until the houses had been inspected and opened by an officer of the local authority . " |
577 | wimborne st giles | 1 | PERSON | the parish church on his estate at wimborne st giles , dorset nationality british spouse(s ) |
578 | yorkshire | 1 | PLACE | peel wrote in reply that he would not support one , and ashley wrote to the short time committees of cheshire , lancashire and yorkshire who desired a ten hours act : |
579 | christian zionism | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury was also a student of edward bickersteth and the two men became prominent advocates of christian zionism in britain . |
580 | tory politician | 1 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
581 | saturday afternoon | 1 | PERSON | they were left chained from saturday afternoon until monday morning when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement . |
582 | expansionism | 1 | PLACE | the lead-up to the crimean war ( 1854 ) , like the military expansionism of muhammad |
583 | side | 1 | PLACE | he felt that there was a vital and eternal difference between truth and error ; consequently , he did not act or talk as if there was much to be said on either side , and , therefore , no one could be quite sure . |
584 | chimney sweepers regulation | 1 | PERSON | he succeeded in passing the chimney sweepers regulation |
585 | childhood miseries | 1 | CONDITION | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
586 | testimony | 1 | PERSON | they called him narrow ; and in this they bear unconscious testimony to his loyalty to truth . |
587 | anteros | 1 | UNKNOWN | the fountain is crowned by alfred gilbert 's aluminium statue of anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . |
588 | suffocation | 1 | PERSON | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
589 | lesser | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury 's work in improving the care of the insane remains one of his most important , though lesser known , achievements . |
590 | fountain | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury memorial fountain the shaftesbury memorial fountain in piccadilly circus , london , erected in 1893 , was designed to commemorate his philanthropic works . |
591 | excrement | 1 | CAUSE | they were left chained from saturday afternoon until monday morning when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement . |
592 | lady constance emily ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
593 | shaftesbury known | 1 | UNKNOWN | the 8th earl of shaftesbury known for |
594 | anglicanism | 1 | CONCEPT | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
595 | royal society | 1 | INSTITUTION | he was also a vice-president of the royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals . |
596 | catholic emancipation | 1 | ACT | however , disagreeing with his father , he favored catholic emancipation . |
597 | december frances elizabeth leigh | 1 | PERSON |  |
598 | duty | 1 | ATTITUDE | he saw little of his parents , and when duty or necessity compelled them to take notice of him they were formal and frightening . " |
599 | victoria street society | 1 | INSTITUTION | animal welfare shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the victoria street society for the protection of animals from vivisection . |
600 | commands | 1 | COMMAND | take him whichever way you please , he was admirable : he was faithful to god in all his house , fulfilling both the first and second commands of the law in fervent love to god , and hearty love to man . |
601 | eros | 1 | PERSON | this is officially titled the angel of christian charity , but has become popularly if mistakenly known as eros . |
602 | fielden | 1 | PERSON | in 1846 , whilst he was out of parliament , ashley strongly supported john fielden 's ten hours bill , which was lost by ten votes . |
603 | period | 1 | PERIOD | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
604 | influence | 1 | ELEMENT | i do not know whom i should place second , but i certainly should put him first— far beyond all other servants of god within my knowledge— for usefulness and influence . |
605 | christ | 1 | PERSON | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
606 | foot | 1 | FOOT | " once , at the foot of harrow hill , he was the horrified witness of a pauper 's funeral . |
607 | self confidence | 1 | EMOTION |  |
608 | factory system | 1 | SYSTEM | ashley employed william dodd at 45 shillings a week , and he wrote the factory system : |
609 | december | 1 | PERIOD | he married 12 december 1868 frances elizabeth leigh " fanny ( d. 12 august 1875 ) , daughter of capel hanbury leigh ; apparently had no issue. 7 . lady mary charlotte ashley-cooper , second daughter ( 25 july 1842 - 3 september 1861 ) . 8 . lady constance emily ashley-cooper , third daughter , or " conty " ( 29 november 1845 - 16 |
610 | tenth | 1 | PERSON | lady edith florence ashley-cooper , fourth daughter ( 1 february 1847 - 25 november 1913 ) 10 . ( anthony ) cecil ashley-cooper , sixth son and tenth and youngest child ( 8 august 1849 - 23 september 1932 ) ; apparently died unmarried . |
611 | school authorities | 1 | PERSON | he chose it as his subject because he was urgently concerned that the school authorities should do something about it , and this appeared to be the simplest way of bringing it to their attention . |
612 | consequence | 1 | CONSEQUENCE | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
613 | dr macmichael | 1 | PERSON | the white house had been described as " a mere place for dying " rather than curing the insane and when the committee asked dr macmichael whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums in the neighbourhood of london any curative process is going on with regard to pauper patients " , he replied : |
614 | cultivation | 1 | ACT | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
615 | april grosvenor square | 1 | PLACE |  |
616 | englishman | 1 | UNKNOWN | a committed christian and a loyal englishman , shaftesbury argued for a jewish return because of what he saw as the political and economic advantages britain would gain from this and because he believed that it was god 's will . |
617 | family life | 1 | EVENT | ashley 's early family life was loveless , a circumstance common among the british upper classes . |
618 | advice | 1 | DECISION | though painfully disappointed , i am not disheartened , nor am i at a loss either what course to take , or what advice to give . |
619 | muscle | 1 | STRUCTURE | it was overcrowded , and the meat provided was " that nasty thick hard muscle a dog could not eat " . |
620 | model | 1 | STATE | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
621 | lady mary charlotte ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
622 | woollen industries | 1 | RESULT | in march 1833 , ashley introduced the ten hours act 1833 into the commons , which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above ; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours on a saturday ; and no one under twenty-five was to work nights , insisted they should go to school , and appointed inspectors to enforce the law . |
623 | pocket borough | 1 | EVENT | ashley was elected as the tory member of parliament for woodstock ( at that time a pocket borough controlled by the duke of marlborough ) in june 1826 and was a strong supporter of the duke of wellington . |
624 | girl | 1 | PERSON | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
625 | lord jesus christ | 1 | PERSON | he was a man most true in his personal piety , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our lord jesus christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of god and truth . |
626 | lancashire | 1 | PERSON | in july one member of the lancashire committees set up to support the bill wrote that : |
627 | history | 1 | INSTANCE | reform of the lunacy laws see also : history of psychiatric institutions lord shaftesbury by henry hering |
628 | issue | 1 | PERSON | lady emily cowper issue 10 parents |
629 | regard | 1 | EVENT | the white house had been described as " a mere place for dying " rather than curing the insane and when the committee asked dr macmichael whether he believed that " in the lunatic asylums in the neighbourhood of london any curative process is going on with regard to pauper patients " , he replied : |
630 | session | 1 | PERIOD | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
631 | shaftesbury memorial fountain the shaftesbury memorial fountain | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury memorial fountain the shaftesbury memorial fountain in piccadilly circus , london , erected in 1893 , was designed to commemorate his philanthropic works . |
632 | consul | 1 | PERSON | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
633 | great britain | 1 | PLACE | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
634 | thinkers | 1 | STATE | those things which have been regarded as faults by the loose thinkers of this age are prime virtues in my esteem . |
635 | smell | 1 | SMELL | the room was extremely filthy and filled with an intolerable smell . |
636 | granddaughter | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
637 | practicality | 1 | STATE | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
638 | perfection | 1 | PROCESS | he exhibited scriptural perfection , inasmuch as he was sincere , true , and consecrated . |
639 | parish church | 1 | PERSON | the parish church on his estate at wimborne st giles , dorset nationality british spouse(s ) |
640 | streets | 1 | POSITION | a funeral service was held in westminster abbey during the early morning of 8 october and the streets along the route from grosvenor square and westminster abbey were thronged with poor people , costermongers , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers who waited for hours to see shaftesbury 's coffin as it passed by . |
641 | maurice william ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
642 | door | 1 | ESTATE | shaftesbury near the west door of westminster abbey . |
643 | cannot | 1 | PERSON | he has finished his course ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave with the sorrow of those that have no hope , yet we cannot but mourn that a great man and a prince has fallen this day in israel . |
644 | soot | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
645 | edward bickersteth | 1 | PERSON | shaftesbury was also a student of edward bickersteth and the two men became prominent advocates of christian zionism in britain . |
646 | interests | 1 | UNKNOWN | " if there was one man in england more devoted to the interests of the factory people than another , it was lord ashley . |
647 | foreign bible society | 1 | INSTITUTION | shaftesbury was president of the british and foreign bible society ( bfbs ) from 1851 until his death in 1885 . |
648 | improvement | 1 | ACT | in support of these measures , ashley gave a speech in which he claimed that although since 1828 there had been an improvement , more still needed to be done . |
649 | virtues | 1 | PERSON | those things which have been regarded as faults by the loose thinkers of this age are prime virtues in my esteem . |
650 | lady pamela hicks | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
651 | sons | 1 | PERSON | veneration lord shaftesbury was a member of the canterbury association , as were two of wilberforce 's sons , samuel and robert . |
652 | whilst | 1 | UNKNOWN | whilst at oxford , he joined the apollo university lodge . |
653 | heir apparent | 1 | PERSON | he proved to be a disappointing heir apparent , constantly running up debts with his extravagant wife harriet , born lady harriet chichester . |
654 | bound | 1 | VALUE | the lord chancellor selborne supported a lunacy law amendment bill and shaftesbury wanted to resign from the lunacy commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a bill supported by the lord chancellor . |
655 | institutions lord shaftesbury | 1 | PERSON | reform of the lunacy laws see also : history of psychiatric institutions lord shaftesbury by henry hering |
656 | control | 1 | STATE | the committee recommended that " legislative measures of a remedial character should be introduced at the earliest period at the next session " , and the establishment of a board of commissioners appointed by the home secretary possessing extensive powers of licensing , inspection and control . |
657 | beast | 1 | PERSON | both man and beast may unite in mourning him : he was the friend of every living thing . |
658 | remainder | 1 | AMOUNT | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
659 | information | 1 | INFORMATION | religious restoration zionist movement further information : |
660 | high church anglicans | 1 | PERSON | he strongly opposed roman catholic church ritualism among high church anglicans . |
661 | westminster | 1 | PERSON | although he was offered a burial at westminster abbey , shaftesbury wished to be buried at st. giles . |
662 | folkestone | 1 | UNKNOWN | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
663 | miners ashley | 1 | PERSON |  |
664 | opium trade shaftesbury | 1 | UNKNOWN | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
665 | piety | 1 | PERSON | he was a man most true in his personal piety , as i know from having enjoyed his private friendship ; a man most firm in his faith in the gospel of our lord jesus christ ; a man intensely active in the cause of god and truth . |
666 | limit | 1 | ACT | 143-144 in march 1844 , ashley moved an amendment to a factory bill limiting the working hours of adolescents to ten hours after sir james graham had introduced a bill aiming to limit their working hours to twelve hours . |
667 | numbers | 1 | NUMBER | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
668 | lord chancellor selborne | 1 | PERSON | the lord chancellor selborne supported a lunacy law amendment bill and shaftesbury wanted to resign from the lunacy commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a bill supported by the lord chancellor . |
669 | signature | 1 | STYLE | the committee 's report endorsed all of shaftesbury 's recommendations except for one : that a magistrate 's signature on a certificate of lunacy be made compulsory . |
670 | judaea | 1 | PERSON | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
671 | exigencies | 1 | SITUATION | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
672 | poor | 1 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
673 | service | 1 | INSTITUTION | a funeral service was held in westminster abbey during the early morning of 8 october and the streets along the route from grosvenor square and westminster abbey were thronged with poor people , costermongers , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers who waited for hours to see shaftesbury 's coffin as it passed by . |
674 | management | 1 | USE | the labouring classes lodging houses act 1851 " empowered borough councils and local boards to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges , management , etc . |
675 | faults | 1 | STATE | those things which have been regarded as faults by the loose thinkers of this age are prime virtues in my esteem . |
676 | prevention | 1 | MEASURE | he was also a vice-president of the royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals . |
677 | st george | 1 | PERSON | st george 's , hanover square , london harry chichester , 2nd baron templemore ( 4 june 1821 - 10 june 1906 ) , son of arthur chichester , 1st baron templemore and lady augusta paget , and had issue. 6 . ( anthony ) |
678 | laws | 1 | PERSON | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
679 | meat | 1 | MEAT | it was overcrowded , and the meat provided was " that nasty thick hard muscle a dog could not eat " . |
680 | danger | 1 | AMOUNT | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
681 | limitation | 1 | VALUE | a social reformer who was called the " poor man 's earl " , he campaigned for better working conditions , reform to lunacy laws , education and the limitation of child labour . |
682 | philanthropy | 1 | GROUP | philanthropy |
683 | pet rabbit | 1 | PERSON | in 1884 , the husband of mrs georgina weldon tried to have her detained in a lunatic asylum because she believed that her pug dog had a soul and that the spirit of her dead mother had entered into her pet rabbit . |
684 | seminary | 1 | EVENT | he denounced the maynooth college act 1845 , which funded the catholic seminary in ireland that would train many priests . |
685 | penalties | 1 | INSTANCE | in addition , local authorities were given the power to make regulations for common-lodging houses and exact penalties for regulation breaches . |
686 | bfbs | 1 | UNKNOWN | shaftesbury was president of the british and foreign bible society ( bfbs ) from 1851 until his death in 1885 . |
687 | beaufort | 1 | PERSON | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
688 | feel | 1 | PERSON | millis provided for ashley a model of christian love that would form the basis for much of his later social activism and philanthropic work , as best explains : " what did touch him was the reality , and the homely practicality , of the love which her christianity made her feel towards the unhappy child . |
689 | workers | 1 | UNKNOWN | a funeral service was held in westminster abbey during the early morning of 8 october and the streets along the route from grosvenor square and westminster abbey were thronged with poor people , costermongers , flower-girls , boot-blacks , crossing-sweepers , factory-hands and similar workers who waited for hours to see shaftesbury 's coffin as it passed by . |
690 | urgency | 1 | OCCURRENCE | his belief underscored the urgency of immediate action . |
691 | notion | 1 | SUBSTANCE | he wrote : " beyond the circle of my own commissioners and the lunatics that i visit , not a soul , in great or small life , not even my associates in my works of philanthropy , has any notion of the years of toil and care that , under god , i have bestowed on this melancholy and awful question " . |
692 | second | 1 | PERSON | the second incident was his unusual choice of a subject for a latin poem . |
693 | nude | 1 | COLOR | the fountain is crowned by alfred gilbert 's aluminium statue of anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . |
694 | manor house school | 1 | INSTITUTION | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
695 | dog | 1 | DOG | it was overcrowded , and the meat provided was " that nasty thick hard muscle a dog could not eat " . |
696 | lady anne spencer | 1 | PERSON | cropley ashley-cooper , 6th earl of shaftesbury lady anne spencer quartered arms of anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury , kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftesbury kg ( 28 april 1801 - 1 october 1885 ) , styled lord ashley from 1811 to 1851 , was a british tory politician , philanthropist , and social reformer . |
697 | idol | 1 | PERSON | i rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . |
698 | collieries act | 1 | ACT | ashley introduced the mines and collieries act 1842 in parliament to outlaw the employment of women and children underground in coal mines . |
699 | legitimate | 1 | PERSON | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
700 | lord chancellor | 1 | PERSON | the lord chancellor selborne supported a lunacy law amendment bill and shaftesbury wanted to resign from the lunacy commission as he believed he was honour bound not to oppose a bill supported by the lord chancellor . |
701 | steadfastness | 1 | STATE | he occupied his high position with singleness of purpose and immovable steadfastness : where shall we find his equal ? |
702 | dorset museum | 1 | PLACE | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
703 | attempt | 1 | ACTION | this marked , according to one study , " the first attempt of the legislature to grapple with the question of unhealthy dwellings . " |
704 | brock street | 1 | PLACE | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
705 | circumstance | 1 | CONDITION | ashley 's early family life was loveless , a circumstance common among the british upper classes . |
706 | advocacy | 1 | PERSON | due to his constant advocacy for the better treatment of the working classes , shaftesbury became known as the " poor man 's earl " . |
707 | george | 1 | PERSON | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
708 | dr warburton | 1 | PERSON | in 1827 , when ashley-cooper was appointed to the select committee on pauper lunatics in the county of middlesex and on lunatic asylums , the majority of lunatics in london were kept in madhouses owned by dr warburton . |
709 | dorchester society | 1 | INSTITUTION | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
710 | stories | 1 | TOOL | she told him bible stories , she taught him a prayer . " |
711 | circle | 1 | PERSON | he wrote : " beyond the circle of my own commissioners and the lunatics that i visit , not a soul , in great or small life , not even my associates in my works of philanthropy , has any notion of the years of toil and care that , under god , i have bestowed on this melancholy and awful question " . |
712 | assets | 1 | ASSET | this was to prove one of his greatest assets in parliament . " |
713 | mosquito breeding | 1 | ACT |  |
714 | singleness | 1 | PROPERTY | he occupied his high position with singleness of purpose and immovable steadfastness : where shall we find his equal ? |
715 | regulation breaches | 1 | AMOUNT | in addition , local authorities were given the power to make regulations for common-lodging houses and exact penalties for regulation breaches . |
716 | horrors | 1 | STATE | despite this powerful reprieve , school became another source of misery for the young ashley , whose education at manor house from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range of horrors " . |
717 | frame | 1 | STUDY | at the end of his speech , his opponent on the ten hours issue , richard cobden , walked over to ashley and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as i have been by your speech . " |
718 | reply | 1 | ACT | peel wrote in reply that he would not support one , and ashley wrote to the short time committees of cheshire , lancashire and yorkshire who desired a ten hours act : |
719 | ingratitude | 1 | DEFICIENCY | these books were attacked by john bright in parliament who said that he had evidence that the books described dodd 's mistreatment but were in fact driven by dodd 's ingratitude as a disgruntled employee . |
720 | adherence | 1 | ACT | i rejoiced greatly in his integrity , his fearlessness , his adherence to principle , in a day when revelation is questioned , the gospel explained away , and human thought set up as the idol of the hour . |
721 | wales | 1 | PLACE | in july 1845 , ashley sponsored two lunacy acts , ' for the regulation of lunatic asylums ' and ' for the better care and treatment of lunatics in england and wales ' . |
722 | hobart | 1 | PLACE | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
723 | decade | 1 | PERIOD | he cited the case of a welsh lunatic girl , mary jones , who had for more than a decade been locked in a tiny loft with one boarded-up window with little air and no light . |
724 | wishes | 1 | PLACE | he made a speech in support of the act and the prince consort wrote to him afterwards , sending him the " best wishes for your total success " . |
725 | incident | 1 | OCCURRENCE | the second incident was his unusual choice of a subject for a latin poem . |
726 | soap | 1 | EVENT | they were then washed down in freezing cold water and one towel was allotted to 160 people , with no soap . |
727 | australia | 1 | PLACE | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
728 | lodging house | 1 | PLACE |  |
729 | achievements | 1 | ACT | shaftesbury 's work in improving the care of the insane remains one of his most important , though lesser known , achievements . |
730 | joseph edgar boehm | 1 | PERSON | statue of ashley-cooper by joseph edgar boehm , westminster |
731 | union school | 1 | INSTITUTION | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
732 | lord liverpool | 1 | PERSON | after george canning replaced lord liverpool as prime minister , he offered ashley a place in the new government , despite ashley having been in the commons for only five months . |
733 | power politics | 1 | PERSON | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
734 | ministers | 1 | PERSON | lord palmerston , both prime ministers . |
735 | person | 1 | PERSON | when " the hour of trial " arrived shaftesbury defended the lunacy commission and claimed he was now the only person alive who could speak with personal knowledge of the state of care of lunatics before the lunacy commission was established in 1828 . |
736 | protection | 1 | PROCESS | animal welfare shaftesbury advocated for animal welfare and was president of the victoria street society for the protection of animals from vivisection . |
737 | muhammad | 1 | PERSON | the conquest of the region of syria in 1831 by muhammad ali of egypt changed the conditions under which european power politics operated in the near east . |
738 | lionel george ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
739 | consideration | 1 | AMOUNT | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
740 | insistence | 1 | STATE | in 1851 two acts were passed at shaftesbury 's insistence concerning lodging houses . |
741 | cheshire | 1 | PLACE | peel wrote in reply that he would not support one , and ashley wrote to the short time committees of cheshire , lancashire and yorkshire who desired a ten hours act : |
742 | debts | 1 | ACTION | he proved to be a disappointing heir apparent , constantly running up debts with his extravagant wife harriet , born lady harriet chichester . |
743 | foundation | 1 | SUBSTANCE | despite being enforced in london , elsewhere the act did not stop the employment of child chimney sweeps and this led to the foundation of the climbing-boys ' society with ashley as its chairman . |
744 | hearty love | 1 | PERSON | take him whichever way you please , he was admirable : he was faithful to god in all his house , fulfilling both the first and second commands of the law in fervent love to god , and hearty love to man . |
745 | disgrace | 1 | CONDITION | shaftesbury feared that because of his advanced age he would be taken over by forgetfulness whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this : " shall fifty years of toil , anxiety and prayer , crowned by marvellous and unlooked-for success , bring me in the end only sorrow and disgrace ? " |
746 | need | 1 | UNKNOWN | in july 1853 , shaftesbury wrote to the prime minister , lord aberdeen , that greater syria was " a country without a nation " in need of " a nation without a country... |
747 | lord melbourne | 1 | PERSON | it also provided invaluable political connections for ashley ; his wife 's maternal uncle was lord melbourne and her stepfather ( and supposed biological father ) |
748 | none | 1 | PERSON | " none at all " . |
749 | bible society | 1 | INSTITUTION | shaftesbury was president of the british and foreign bible society ( bfbs ) from 1851 until his death in 1885 . |
750 | evangelical alliance | 1 | STATE | he was also president of the evangelical alliance for some time . |
751 | adult | 1 | PERSON | even as an adult , he disliked his father and was known to refer to his mother as " a devil " . |
752 | school union | 1 | PLACE | in 1844 , ashley became president of the ragged school union that promoted ragged schools . |
753 | sister | 1 | PERSON | evelyn ashley left several other descendants via his daughter and edwina 's younger sister . |
754 | snatches | 1 | SPEECH ACT | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
755 | usefulness | 1 | QUALITY | i do not know whom i should place second , but i certainly should put him first— far beyond all other servants of god within my knowledge— for usefulness and influence . |
756 | crossing sweepers | 1 | PERSON |  |
757 | advance | 1 | EVENT | he wrote in his diary : " so , by god 's blessing , my first effort has been for the advance of human happiness . |
758 | saturday | 1 | PERIOD | they were left chained from saturday afternoon until monday morning when they were cleared of the accumulated excrement . |
759 | canterbury association | 1 | INSTITUTION | veneration lord shaftesbury was a member of the canterbury association , as were two of wilberforce 's sons , samuel and robert . |
760 | borough councils | 1 | PERSON | the labouring classes lodging houses act 1851 " empowered borough councils and local boards to erect lodging-houses or to purchase existing lodging-houses , and to manage them , making by-laws for charges , management , etc . |
761 | lord lindsay | 1 | PERSON | in january 1839 , shaftesbury published an article in the quarterly review , which although initially commenting on the 1838 letters on egypt , edom and the holy land ( 1838 ) by lord lindsay , provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle jews in palestine : in 1848 , shaftesbury became president of the london society for promoting christianity amongst the jews , of which finn was a prominent member . |
762 | lead up | 1 | PERSON |  |
763 | february robert gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
764 | saviour | 1 | PLACE | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
765 | callousness | 1 | QUALITY | the drunken pallbearers , stumbling along with a crudely-made coffin and shouting snatches of bawdy songs , brought home to him the existence of a whole empire of callousness which put his own childhood miseries in their context . |
766 | kent | 1 | PLACE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
767 | regions | 1 | GROUP | in his diary that year he wrote " these vast and fertile regions will soon be without a ruler , without a known and acknowledged power to claim dominion . |
768 | will | 1 | UNKNOWN | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
769 | opium | 1 | SUBSTANCE | in the collection of the dorset museum , dorchester society for the suppression of the opium trade shaftesbury served as the first president of the society for the suppression of the opium trade : a lobbying group dedicated to the abolition of the opium trade . |
770 | climate | 1 | STUDY | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
771 | factory act | 1 | ACT | in 1842 , ashley wrote twice to the prime minister , robert peel , to urge the government to support a new factory act . |
772 | colonial times | 1 | UNKNOWN | " memorandum to the protestant powers of the north of europe and america " , published in the colonial times ( hobart , tasmania , australia ) , in 1841 shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical anglicanism . |
773 | christ church | 1 | PERSON | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
774 | fillip | 1 | PERSON | this little triumph was a useful fillip to his self-confidence , but it was more than that . |
775 | robert | 1 | PERSON | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
776 | factory | 1 | PERSON | " if there was one man in england more devoted to the interests of the factory people than another , it was lord ashley . |
777 | son wilfred william ashley | 1 | PERSON | evelyn melbourne ashley ( 24 july 1836 - 15 november 1907 ) , married firstly 28 july 1866 sybella charlotte farquhar ( c. 1846 - 31 august 1886 ) , daughter of sir walter farquhar , 3rd baronet by his wife lady mary octavia somerset , a daughter of the duke of beaufort and had one son wilfred william ashley , and one daughter . |
778 | james finn | 1 | PERSON | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
779 | certification | 1 | PERSON | these acts consolidated and amended previous lunacy laws , providing better record keeping and more strict certification regulations to ensure patients against unwarranted detention . |
780 | alfred gilbert | 1 | PERSON | the fountain is crowned by alfred gilbert 's aluminium statue of anteros as a nude , butterfly-winged archer . |
781 | shaftesbury kg | 1 | UNKNOWN | british politician ( 1801-1886 ) the right honourable the earl of shaftesbury kg anthony ashley-cooper , 7th earl of shaftsbury by john collier successor |
782 | lady mountbatten | 1 | PERSON | his granddaughter was edwina ashley , later lady mountbatten ( 1901-1960 ) , who had two daughters patricia , countess mountbatten of burma ( 1924-2017 ) and lady pamela hicks ( b. 1929 ) . |
783 | cricklade | 1 | UNKNOWN | when in february 1828 robert gordon , liberal mp for cricklade , introduced a bill to put these recommendations into law , ashley seconded this and delivered his maiden speech in support of the bill . |
784 | israel | 1 | PLACE | he has finished his course ; and though we do not lay him to sleep in the grave with the sorrow of those that have no hope , yet we cannot but mourn that a great man and a prince has fallen this day in israel . |
785 | cecil ashley cooper | 1 | PERSON |  |
786 | range | 1 | PLACE | despite this powerful reprieve , school became another source of misery for the young ashley , whose education at manor house from 1808 to 1813 introduced a " more disgusting range of horrors " . |
787 | estate | 1 | ESTATE | the parish church on his estate at wimborne st giles , dorset nationality british spouse(s ) |
788 | employers | 1 | PERSON | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
789 | husbandmen | 1 | UNKNOWN | capital and skill are alone required : the presence of a british officer , and the increased security of property which his presence will confer , may invite them from these islands to the cultivation of palestine ; and the jews , who will betake themselves to agriculture in no other land , having found , in the english consul , a mediator between their people and the pacha , will probably return in yet greater numbers , and become once more the husbandmen of judaea and galilee . — masalha 2014 , p. 83 |
790 | mayfair | 1 | PERSON | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
791 | lady templemore | 1 | PERSON | 5. lady victoria elizabeth ashley , later lady templemore ( 23 september 1837 - 15 february 1927 ) , married 8 january 1873 ( aged 35 ) |
792 | views | 1 | PERSON | at the end of his speech , his opponent on the ten hours issue , richard cobden , walked over to ashley and said : " you know how opposed i have been to your views , but i do n't think i have ever been put into such a frame of mind in the whole course of my life as i have been by your speech . " |
793 | proprieties | 1 | PERSON | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
794 | staple | 1 | NUMBER | the soil and climate of palestine are singularly adapted to the growth of produce required for the exigencies of great britain ; the finest cotton may be obtained in almost unlimited abundance ; silk and madder are the staple of the country , and olive oil is now , as it ever was , the very fatness of the land . |
795 | condition | 1 | CONDITION | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
796 | difficulties | 1 | PERSON | surely , the righteous are taken away from the evil to come , and we are left to struggle on under increasing difficulties . |
797 | boys ashley | 1 | PERSON |  |
798 | cancer | 1 | DISEASE | they had scorched and lacerated skin , their eyes and throats filled with soot , with the danger of suffocation and their occupational disease — cancer of the scrotum . |
799 | constitution afford | 1 | UNKNOWN | i shall persevere unto my last hour , and so must you ; we must exhaust every legitimate means that the constitution afford , in petitions to parliament , in public meetings , and in friendly conferences with your employers ; but you must infringe no law , and offend no proprieties ; we must all work together as sensible men , who will one day give an account of their motives and actions ; if this course is approved , no consideration shall detach me from your cause ; if not , you must elect another advocate . |
800 | poor law | 1 | PERSON | regular cleansing and whitewashing were enforced while it was rendered compulsory " for the keeper of a lodging-house to give immediate notice of any case of fever or infectious disease in the house to the local authority , to the poor law medical officer and the relieving officer . " |
801 | dcl | 1 | UNKNOWN | early life lord ashley , as he was styled until his father 's death in 1851 , was educated at manor house school in chiswick , london ( 1812-1813 ) , harrow school ( 1813-1816 ) and christ church , oxford , where he gained first-class honours in classics in 1822 , took his ma in 1832 and was appointed dcl in 1841 . |
802 | grosvenor square | 1 | PLACE | years active 44 years born ( 1801-04-28) 28 april 1801 24 grosvenor square , mayfair , london , england died 1 october 1885( 1885-10-01 ) ( aged 84 ) 12 clifton gardens , folkestone , kent , england cause of death inflammation of the lungs buried |
803 | school grounds | 1 | MEASURE | in the school grounds , there was an unsavoury mosquito-breeding pond called the duck puddle . |
804 | london harry chichester | 1 | PERSON | st george 's , hanover square , london harry chichester , 2nd baron templemore ( 4 june 1821 - 10 june 1906 ) , son of arthur chichester , 1st baron templemore and lady augusta paget , and had issue. 6 . ( anthony ) |
805 | harrow hill | 1 | HILL | " once , at the foot of harrow hill , he was the horrified witness of a pauper 's funeral . |
806 | battiscombe | 1 | PERSON | i know that , in resolving on this step , i exclude myself altogether from the tenure of office ; i rejoice in the sacrifice , happy to devote the remainder of my days , be they many or be they few , as god in his wisdom shall determine , to an effort , however laborious , to ameliorate your moral and social condition . — battiscombe 1974 , pp . |
807 | boy chimney sweep | 1 | PERSON | after shaftesbury discovered that a boy chimney sweep was living behind his house in brock street , london , he rescued the child and sent him to " the union school at norwood hill , where , under god 's blessing and special merciful grace , he will be trained in the knowledge and love and faith of our common saviour " . |
808 | jerusalem | 1 | PLACE | as a consequence of that shift , shaftesbury was able to help persuade foreign minister palmerston to send a british consul , james finn , to jerusalem in 1838 . |
809 | features | 1 | PERSON | he also disapproved of the catholic features of the oxford movement in the church of england . |
810 | immediate self interest | 1 | PERSON |  |

## Objects sorted by category

Categoría | Objetos
PERSON | addition adolescents adult advocacy advocate advocates alfred gilbert aluminium statue anchor anthony anthony ashley cooper apollo university lodge archer arthur chichester ashley ashley cooper attention authorities authority baronet battiscombe beast beaufort behalf bill bill ill timed bills biographers blessing boot blacks borough councils boy chimney sweep boys boys ashley brother burma by laws canning cannot capel hanbury leigh career ashley carlo pellegrini catholic church ritualism cecil ashley cooper certification certification regulations chairman charles dickens charles spurgeon child child chimney sweeps child labour children chimney sweepers chimney sweepers regulation christ christ church christian christian charity christian zionism christianity church circle clifton gardens climbing boys concerns conquest consul conty countess cowper countess mountbatten county lunatic asylums course crossing sweepers daughter daughters patricia december frances elizabeth leigh difficulties dodd dorset nationality british spouse s dr alexander keith dr macmichael dr warburton drunken pallbearers duck puddle duke earl earl cowper earls edward bickersteth edwina edwina ashley emily lamb employee employers english consul equal eros evelyn ashley evelyn melbourne ashley evidence f. winter factory factory cripple faith family housekeeper maria millis family lord shaftesbury fanny father features february robert gordon feel fielden fillip finn flower girls foreign minister palmerston fountain francis henry ashley cooper friend george george frederick watts george williams georgina battiscombe girl god grace graham granddaughter greater syria hearty love heaven heir apparent henry ashley henry hering high church anglicans home secretary husband idiot idol immediate self interest inspectors institutions lord shaftesbury issue james finn jews john bright john collier successor john fielden joseph edgar boehm judaea judge july sybella charlotte farquhar june lady alice elizabeth cole keeper kg anthony ashley cooper labour lady anne spencer lady augusta paget lady constance emily ashley cooper lady edith florence ashley cooper lady emily caroline catherine frances cowper lady emily cowper issue parents cropley ashley cooper lady harriet chichester lady mary charlotte ashley cooper lady mountbatten lady pamela hicks lady templemore lady victoria elizabeth ashley lancashire lancashire committees law laws lead up legitimate lesser liberal mp life lord ashley lionel george ashley cooper lodgers london harry chichester lord lord aberdeen lord ashley lord chancellor lord chancellor selborne lord jesus christ lord lindsay lord liverpool lord melbourne lord palmerston lord shaftesbury lords loss love lunacy law amendment bill lunacy laws lunatics madder man marble statue commemorates marlborough mary jones masthead maurice william ashley cooper mayfair mediator member members men mercy miners ashley mines ministers morning mother mrs georgina weldon muhammad nation none officer olive oil opponent pacha pall bearer parish church patients pauper pauper lunatics peel person pet rabbit peter cowper philanthropist piccadilly circus piety poem police politician poor poor law poor man power politics powers prayer predecessors president priests prince prince consort promoting christianity proponent proprieties prospect protestant powers quaker businessmen reality reformer regulation regulations report richard cobden right honourable the earl robert robert peel royal commission ruler samuel sane persons saturday afternoon school authorities second servants shaftesbury kg anthony ashley cooper shaftesbury lady anne spencer shaftesbury memorial fountain the shaftesbury memorial fountain silk sir james graham sir walter farquhar sister sisters skin son son wilfred william ashley sons soul source sprang st george statue stepfather student sufferings suffocation sum total supporter syria teenage years ashley ten hour principle ten hours bill tenth testimony tory member tory politician uncle veneration lord shaftesbury vice president views virtues vital vivisectionists volunteers westminster westminster abbey wife wife harriet wife jane casamajor wife lady mary octavia somerset wilberforce william dodd william willoughby cole wimborne st giles wisdom witness witnesses women woodstock years born
PLACE | advantages britain america april grosvenor square australia bethnal green britain brock street cheshire country county dorset museum edom egypt england europe expansionism extent great britain grosvenor square hobart home house ireland islands israel jerusalem kent lodging house london lunatic asylums manor house middlesex near east north office oxford palestine place produce range region saviour school union side square st. giles territory wales wellington white house wishes world yorkshire
ACT | achievements act acts adherence betrayal burial catholic emancipation collieries act commemoration conferences cruelty cultivation difference employment establishment esteem factory act growth houses act improvement judgment licensing limit lunacy acts madhouses act marriage maynooth college act mosquito breeding notice opening petitions quarterly review realignments reply reprieve revelation support ten hours act
PERIOD | april august day days decade december february hour hours january july june march may monday month months nights november october period saturday september session time week year years
STATE | allegiance amendment control empire evangelical alliance fatness fault faults horrors insanity insistence loyalty lunacy model parents practicality presence spirit state steadfastness success thinkers truth welfare
EVENT | advance anxiety beds character choice creation crimean war death error family life fever gospel hope integrity life opposition pocket borough regard seminary soap subject ten hours issue vote votes
INSTITUTION | bible society canterbury association dorchester society firm foreign bible society harrow school heart... bible society london society manor house school royal society school service society union school victoria street society
PROCESS | appointment asylum chimney sweeps context degrees education factory hands opium trade perfection process protection restoration shift textile manufacture
CONDITION | care childhood miseries circumstance condition conditions death inflammation disgrace enforcement friendship misery necessity starvation
ABSTRACT ENTITY | construction diary evil harrow proposal soot stimulus straw suppression triumph
AMOUNT | breaches charges consideration danger education reform knowledge reform regulation breaches remainder thought
ACTION | action actions angel attempt debts effort efforts funeral motion
PROPERTY | age benefit childhood health ill health loft majority property singleness
HUMAN GROUP | committee factory people movement parliament people restoration zionist movement select committee zionist movement
MEASURE | cure grounds measure measures prevention school grounds throats
QUALITY | abolition callousness devil fearlessness sloth usefulness
ENTITY | books classics cotton existence thing
INSTANCE | history lunacy commission melancholy penalties sorrow
NUMBER | board boards memorandum numbers staple
RESULT | basis descendants generation grave woollen industries
ACTIVITY | heart meetings things work
STUDY | case climate frame study
GROUP | group inspection philanthropy regions
CAUSE | cause england cause excrement mourn
VALUE | bound limitation schools window
COLLECTION | account collection dominion practice
EMOTION | affection happiness self confidence
SUBSTANCE | foundation notion opium
TREATMENT | mistreatment treatment
HILL | harrow hill norwood hill
DISEASE | cancer disease
DOCUMENT | text watchword
SYSTEM | factory system school system
ESTATE | door estate
POSITION | position streets
BODY | legislature lungs
USE | management use
LAND | holy land land
POWER | motives power
DOG | dog pug dog
SET | connections eyes
FORM | activism mind
FORCE | security toil
EFFECT | experience trial
ARTIFACT | recollection record
SUGGESTION | recommendations suggestion
PURPOSE | letters purpose
RESOURCE | detention detentions
BUILDING | dwellings madhouses
OCCURRENCE | incident urgency
SEQUENCE | coffin
INFORMATION | information
TOOL | stories
REQUEST | certificate
ATTITUDE | duty
HUMAN ROLE | prime minister
STYLE | signature
SITUATION | exigencies
NAME | step
SPEECH | speech
WATER | water
RATE | abundance
FIGURE | figure
COMMAND | commands
LANGUAGE | arms
LIGHT | light
STRUCTURE | muscle
RANK | bawdy songs
ELEMENT | influence
TRUST | belief
PHRASE | phrase
SOIL | soil
ILLNESS | illness
ROUTE | route
ROOM | room
DISTANCE | resolution
QUESTION | question
MEAT | meat
CONSEQUENCE | consequence
COLOR | nude
NARRATIVE | narrative
SKILL | skill
DEFICIENCY | ingratitude
RULE | standard
SPACE | galilee
GOVERNMENT | government
SPEECH ACT | snatches
MONEY | shillings
FOOT | foot
ARTICLE | article
ANIMAL | animals
AIR | air
PORTION | face
DECISION | advice
STATEMENT | return
PIECE | foretaste
SMELL | smell
AREA | london area
CLOTH | towel
NATURE | nature
ASSET | assets
STATUS | tenure
CONCEPT | anglicanism