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English politician ( 1850-1933 ) The Right Honourable Augustine Birrell KC President of the Board of Education In office 10 December 1905 - 23 January 1907 Monarch Edward VII Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman Preceded by The Marquess of Londonderry Succeeded by Reginald McKenna Chief Secretary for Ireland In office 23 January 1907 - 3 May 1916 Monarchs Edward VII George V Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman H. H. Asquith Preceded by James Bryce Succeeded by Sir Henry Duke Personal details Born ( 1850-01-19) 19 January 1850 Wavertree , Liverpool , England Died 20 November 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) London , England Political party Liberal Spouse(s ) Margaret Mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) Eleanor Tennyson ( d. 1915 ) Alma mater Trinity Hall , Cambridge Augustine Birrell KC ( 19 January 1850 - 20 November 1933 ) was an English Liberal Party politician , who was Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1907 to 1916 . In this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for Catholics . He was criticised for failing to take action against Irish rebels before the Easter Rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . A barrister by training , he was also an author noted for humorous essays . Early life Birrell was born in Wavertree , Liverpool the son of The Rev. Charles Mitchell Birrell ( 1811-1880 ) , a Scottish Baptist minister and Harriet Jane Grey ( 1811-1863 ) daughter of Rev Henry Grey of Edinburgh . He was educated at Amersham Hall school and at Trinity Hall , Cambridge , where he was made an Honorary Fellow in 1879 . He joined the Sylvan Debating Club in 1872 . He started work in a solicitor 's office in Liverpool but was called to the Bar in 1875 , becoming a KC in 1893 and a Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1903 . From 1896 to 1899 he was Professor of Comparative Law at University College , London . In 1911 Birrell served as Lord Rector of Glasgow University . His first wife , Margaret Mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married Eleanor Tennyson , daughter of the poet Frederick Locker-Lampson and widow of Lionel Tennyson , son of the poet Alfred , Lord Tennyson . They had two sons , one of whom , Frankie ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist and critic and associated with the Bloomsbury Group . Birrell found success as a writer with the publication of a volume of essays entitled Obiter Dicta in 1884 . This was followed by a second series of Obiter Dicta in 1887 and Res Judicatae in 1892 . These , despite their titles , were not concerned with law , but he also wrote books on copyright and on trusts . Birrell wrote , and spoke , with a characteristic humour which became known as birrelling . Entry into politics Augustine Birrell c1895 After unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in Liverpool , Walton in 1885 and Widnes in 1886 , Birrell was elected to parliament for West Fife at a by-election in 1889 , as a Liberal . He retained his seat in the general elections of 1892 and 1895 , but in the general election of 1900 he stood in Manchester North East and was defeated . In 1903 he edited Eight Years of Tory Government , a " handbook for the use of Liberals " , which attacked the incumbent Conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . President of the Board of Education Further information : Education Act 1902 § The failed Education Bill of 1906 In December 1905 Birrell was included in the cabinet of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman as President of the Board of Education , and that month he was sworn of the Privy Council . He was returned for Bristol North at the general election of January 1906 , in which the Liberals won a large majority . Like Campbell-Bannerman , Birrell belonged to the Radical tradition of the party . Birrell also belonged to a group called the " New Radicals " or " New Liberals " , which also included H. H. Asquith , R. B . Haldane and Sir Edward Grey . Birrell introduced the Education Bill 1906 , intended to address nonconformist grievances arising from the Education Act 1902 . The bill passed the Liberal-dominated House of Commons comfortably , but the House of Lords , with a Conservative majority , passed wrecking amendments which undermined its meaning , and the government dropped it . This use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the Commons and Lords which ultimately concluded with the Lords ' rejection of the People 's Budget of 1909 , sparking the Constitutional Crises of 1909-11 . Birrell had been seen as a poor advocate for the bill , although he complained privately that it was mainly Lloyd George 's work , and that he himself had had little say over its contents . The defeat of the bill made it impossible for Birrell to continue in his post , and in January 1907 he was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland , to replace James Bryce who had been made Ambassador to the United States . While serving in government , Birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . Birrell and Women 's Suffrage Plaque in Greystones , Ireland commemorating the events of 25 October 1910 , when Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington and Hilda Webb challenged Birrell on the suffrage issue . Like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , Birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the Women 's Social and Political Union ( WSPU ; suffragettes ) . In November 1910 , when walking alone from the House of Commons , he was set upon by a group of about twenty suffragettes who had recognised him . While he did not believe there was any serious attempt to injure him , in trying to escape he twisted his knee and " slipped the knee-cap " . C. P. Scott wrote in his diary that Birrell feared he might require an operation to remove his kneecap and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician " to the end of his life . Birrell was , however , described by the paper Votes for Women as one of a number of " Suffragist members of the Cabinet " who met with a deputation from the National Union of Women 's Suffrage Societies ( NUWSS ) , led by Millicent Fawcett , on 8 August 1913 , following a similar meeting by the NUWSS with Prime Minister Asquith on the same day . According to Votes for Women , The Times reported that the ministers asked the deputation what kind of bill the NUWSS was looking for . Other ministers present included Lloyd George , John Simon , Francis Dyke Acland and Thomas McKinnon Wood . Chief Secretary for Ireland Council Bill , Universities Bill and Land Bill Birrell caricatured by Spy for Vanity Fair , 1906 Birrell 's first Under-Secretary and head of Irish Civil Service at Dublin Castle administration was Sir Antony MacDonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous Chief Secretary , George Wyndham , on the Land Purchase ( Ireland ) Act 1903 . MacDonnell was a well-known advocate for Home Rule . MacDonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to Ireland under a central authority - adopted by the Irish Reform Association 's - had encountered strong opposition from Unionists , leading eventually to Wyndham 's resignation . This proposal ultimately passed from Sir James Bryce with Birrell inheriting the bill . Birrell modified MacDonnell 's proposal and on 7 May 1907 introduced the Irish Council Bill . The bill was initially welcomed by Nationalist leaders John Redmond and John Dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than Home Rule for Ireland . At a convention of the United Irish League , opposition was so strong that Redmond changed his position ; the convention rejected the bill and the government was unable to proceed with it . Birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the Irish Crimes Act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by Arthur Balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . Another affair , in which Birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the Irish Crown Jewels from Dublin Castle ( where the Chief Secretary had his offices ) in July 1907 . Birrell had more success in areas such as Education and the Irish land question . His excellent relations with both Roman Catholic and Protestant church leaders such as the Archbishop of Dublin William Walsh ensured the successful passage of the Irish Universities Bill 1908 , which established the National University of Ireland and Queen 's University Belfast and dissolved the Royal University of Ireland . It solved the sectarian problem in higher education by dividing the Protestant and Catholic traditions into their own separate spheres and ensured Catholic , Nationalist scholars had access to university education . Contemporaries also praised his achievement in carrying the Land Purchase ( Ireland ) Act ( 1909 ) , which though falling far short in its financial provisions allowed for compulsory purchase by the Land Commission of large areas of land for the relief of congestion , through a hostile House of Lords . Home Rule Bill Sketch of Augustine Birrell After the passing , with the support of the Irish Parliamentary Party , of the Parliament Act 1911 , which restricted the power of the Lords to veto bills , Prime Minister H. H. Asquith introduced the Third Home Rule Bill on 16 April 1912 . The Unionists , led in Ireland by Edward Carson and in Britain by Tory leader Bonar Law , formed a private army , the Ulster Volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and Carson proposed an amendment excluding Ulster from the scope of the bill . Birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when David Lloyd George proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of Ulster for a period of five to six years Birrell responded by offering his resignation . Historian Ronan Fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . The proposal was rejected by both Unionists and Nationalists and Birrell stayed on . In fact , by that stage Lloyd George had effectively replaced Birrell as the Liberal government 's negotiator in the Home Rule discussions . The crisis continued through 1913 and into 1914 . The bill was introduced for the third time in July 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the Ulster counties , but with the outbreak of World War I the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . However , on the collapse of Asquith 's Liberal-dominated government in May 1915 and its replacement with a coalition involving Carson , the implementation of Home Rule at any stage became moot . World War In the latter part of 1915 , Birrell was one of those Liberal ministers ( others being Reginald McKenna ( Chancellor of the Exchequer ) , Walter Runciman ( President of the Board of Trade ) and Sir Edward Grey ( Foreign Secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of Britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the Western Front , as advocated by the CIGS Archibald Murray . However , none of these joined Sir John Simon ( Home Secretary ) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors , due to be enacted in January 1916 . However , Birrell wrote to the Prime Minister ( 29 December ) criticizing Murray and arguing that he and Runciman agreed that finance and strategic policy were more important than conscription . Conscription was only applied in Britain , not Ireland . Easter Rising A further threat to Birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in November 1913 of the Irish Volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard Home rule but in fact , under the influence of the Irish Republican Brotherhood ( IRB ) aiming to break the union with Britain altogether . Feelings in nationalist Ireland were further aroused by the possibility of conscription . Sir Matthew Nathan , Birrell 's Under-Secretary since October 1914 , told him in September 1915 that the Nationalist Party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as Sinn Féiners , were gaining support . Nathan took measures such as suppressing newspapers and forcing Irish Volunteer organisers to leave the country . The Irish Party leaders , Redmond and Dillon , cautioned against taking direct action against the ' Sinn Féiners ' and the administration kept to that policy . Birrell himself felt that the danger of a bomb outrage was greater than that of an insurrection . His assessment was proved wrong when the Easter Rising began on 24 April 1916 . Birrell had spent Easter in London , where Nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the Aud and the arrest of Sir Roger Casement . He had just sent approval for the arrest of the movement 's leaders on Easter Monday morning when he was told by Viscount French , Commander-in-Chief of the British Home Forces , that the Rising had begun . He maintained contact with Nathan by telegraph and answered questions in Parliament on Tuesday and Wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to Dublin , arriving in the early hours of Thursday morning . From there he wrote to the Prime Minister , giving him his assessment of the situation . In one of his letters he wrote that he 'could n't go on ' . On 1 May , the day after the Rising ended , Asquith accepted his resignation ' with infinite regret ' . This regret was also felt by both Nationalist and Unionist politicians in Parliament . While some , such as Laurence Ginnell celebrated his departure , both John Redmond and Sir Edward Carson praised the work Birrell completed during his time as chief secretary . Others , such as the Irish civil servant , Sir Henry Robinson , also praised the work Birrell completed and highlighted in his memoirs the number of Acts of Parliament Birrell was responsible for . However , The Royal Commission on the 1916 Rebellion ( the Hardinge commission ) was critical of Birrell and Nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the Rising . Birrell acknowledged in his memoirs that he did not stoutly defend himself in front of the commission . However , the commission did understand that Birrell was confined to London due to his cabinet and parliamentary duties between 1914 and 1916 . Personal life Birrell with his son Anthony and Katharine Asquith While Birrell 's first phase as Chief Secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in Birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . Birrell 's second wife Eleanor had been suffering from an inoperable brain tumour and this eventually caused her to lose her sanity . This affected Birrell deeply , privately and publicly , but he did not tell his political colleagues , who were simply given to understand that she did not care for social life . There were two sons of the marriage , Francis and Anthony . The quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the Dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . Only after Eleanor died in 1915 did Birrell begin to regain some of his old energy and effectiveness as a minister . Later life Birrell did not defend his seat in the 1918 general election , nor did he ever return to Ireland . In 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland , but storms in the Irish Sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . He returned to literature with a further volume of essays and book reviews , More Obiter Dicta ( 1920 ) and a book on his father-in-law , Frederick Locker-Lampson . He died in London on 20 November 1933 , aged eighty-three . His autobiography , Things Past Redress , was published posthumously . Selected works * Obiter Dicta , Elliot Stock , 1885 * Res Judicatae : Papers and Essays , Charles Scribner 's Sons 1892 * Essays about Men , Women , and Books , Elliot Stock , 1895 * Collected Essays , Elliot Stock , 1899 ( comprising Obiter Dicta ; Res Judicatae ; Essays about Men , Women , and Books ) * Miscellanies , Elliot Stock , 1901 * Essays and Addresses , Charles Scribner 's Sons , 1901 ( same content as Miscellanies ) * William Hazlitt , Macmillan , 1902 * Eight Years of Tory Government , 1895-1903 ; home affairs ; handbook for the use of liberals London , 1903 * In the Name of the Bodleian , and Other Essays , Elliot Stock , 1905 * Andrew Marvell , Macmillan , 1905 * Selected Essays : 1884-1907 , Thomas Nelson , 1909 * Self-Selected Essays : a Second Series , Nelson , 1917 * More Obiter Dicta , W. Heinemann ltd . , 1924 * Et Cetera : A Collection , Chatto and Windus , 1930 * Things Past Redress London , 1937 Papers The main collection of Birrell 's papers , those dealing with his period as Chief Secretary , are deposited in the Bodleian Library . The Bodleian also contains collections of Birrell 's public correspondence with political figures of his day , Asquith , Lewis Harcourt and others . Birrell 's correspondence with Campbell-Bannerman and Herbert Gladstone are in the British Library . His correspondence with Lloyd George is in the Parliamentary Archives . Correspondence with Herbert Samuel is in King 's College , Cambridge . Other collections can be found in the National Library of Ireland , Lambeth Palace , National Library of Scotland and Trinity College Dublin . His family correspondence is deposited in the University of Liverpool .

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english politician [PERSON] ( 1850-1933 ) the right honourable augustine birrell [PLACE] kc president [PERSON] of the board [NUMBER] of education [PROCESS] in office [PLACE] 10 december [PERIOD] 1905 - 23 january [PERIOD] 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess [PERSON] of londonderry [PLACE] succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary [PERSON] [PERSON] for ireland [INSTITUTION] in office [PLACE] 23 january [PERIOD] 1907 - 3 may [PERIOD] 1916 monarchs edward vii george v prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] sir henry campbell-bannerman h. h. asquith [PERSON] preceded by james bryce [PERSON] succeeded by sir henry duke personal details born [PERSON] ( 1850-01-19) 19 january [PERIOD] 1850 wavertree [PLACE] , liverpool [PLACE] , england [PLACE] died 20 november [PERIOD] 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london [PLACE] , england [PLACE] political party [PERSON] liberal [PERSON] spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees [PERSON] ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson [PERSON] ( d. 1915 ) alma mater trinity hall [PLACE] , cambridge augustine birrell [PLACE] kc [PERSON] ( 19 january [PERIOD] 1850 - 20 november [PERIOD] 1933 ) was an english liberal [PERSON] party [PERSON] politician [PERSON] , who was chief secretary [PERSON] for ireland [INSTITUTION] from 1907 to 1916 . in this post [UNKNOWN] , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers [IMAGE] to own their property [PROPERTY] and for extending university education [PROCESS] for catholics [UNKNOWN] . he was criticised for failing to take action [ACTION] against irish rebels [PERSON] before the easter rising [GOVERNMENT] , leading to his subsequent resignation [ACT] . a barrister [PERSON] by training [ACTION] , he was also an author [PERSON] noted for humorous essays [UNKNOWN] . early life [EVENT] birrell [PLACE] was born in wavertree [PLACE] , liverpool [PLACE] the son [PERSON] of the rev. charles mitchell birrell [PLACE] ( 1811-1880 ) , a scottish baptist minister [HUMAN ROLE] and harriet jane grey [PERSON] ( 1811-1863 ) daughter [PERSON] of rev henry grey [PERSON] of edinburgh [PLACE] . he was educated at amersham hall school and at trinity hall [PLACE] , cambridge [PERSON] , where he was made an honorary fellow [SET] in 1879 . he joined the sylvan [PERSON] debating club [INSTITUTION] in 1872 . he started work [ACTIVITY] in a solicitor [PERSON] 's office [PLACE] in liverpool [PLACE] but was called to the bar [PLACE] in 1875 , becoming a kc in 1893 and a bencher [PERSON] of the inner temple [PERSON] in 1903 . from 1896 to 1899 he was professor [PERSON] of comparative law [PERSON] at university college [INSTITUTION] , london [PLACE] . in 1911 birrell [PLACE] served as lord rector [PERSON] of glasgow university [INSTITUTION] . his first wife [PERSON] , margaret mirrielees [PERSON] , died in 1879 , only a year [PERIOD] after their marriage [ACT] , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson [PERSON] , daughter [PERSON] of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson [PERSON] , son [PERSON] of the poet alfred [PERSON] , lord tennyson [PERSON] . they had two sons [PERSON] , one of whom , frankie [PERSON] ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist [PERSON] and critic and associated with the bloomsbury group [GROUP] . birrell [PLACE] found success [ACT] as a writer [PERSON] with the publication [ACTION] of a volume [AMOUNT] of essays [UNKNOWN] entitled obiter dicta [UNKNOWN] in 1884 . this was followed by a second series [SERIES] of obiter dicta [UNKNOWN] in 1887 and res judicatae [PERSON] in 1892 . these , despite their titles [ACTION] , were not concerned with law [PERSON] , but he also wrote books [UNKNOWN] on copyright [ACT] and on trusts [TRUST] . birrell [PLACE] wrote , and spoke , with a characteristic humour [QUALITY] which became known as birrelling . entry into politics augustine birrell [PLACE] [PERSON] c1895 after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats [ABSTRACT ENTITY] in liverpool [PLACE] , walton [PERSON] in 1885 and widnes [UNKNOWN] in 1886 , birrell [PLACE] was elected to parliament [HUMAN GROUP] for west fife [PERSON] at a by-election in 1889 , as a liberal [PERSON] . he retained his seat [ABSTRACT ENTITY] in the general elections [PERSON] of 1892 and 1895 , but in the general election [PERSON] of 1900 he stood in manchester north east [PERSON] and was defeated . in 1903 he edited eight years [PERIOD] of tory government [GOVERNMENT] , a " handbook [COLLECTION] for the use [USE] of liberals [PERSON] " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration [ACT] 's record [NUMBER] on issues [EVENT] such as housing [UNKNOWN] and worker [PERSON] 's compensation [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . president [PERSON] of the board [NUMBER] of education [PROCESS] further information [INFORMATION] : education [PROCESS] act [ACT] 1902 § the failed education bill [PERSON] of 1906 in december [PERIOD] 1905 birrell [PLACE] was included in the cabinet [EVENT] of sir henry campbell-bannerman as president [PERSON] of the board [NUMBER] of education [PROCESS] , and that month [PERIOD] he was sworn of the privy council [HUMAN GROUP] . he was returned for bristol north [PLACE] at the general election [PERSON] of january [PERIOD] 1906 , in which the liberals [PERSON] won a large majority [PROPERTY] . like campbell-bannerman , birrell [PLACE] belonged to the radical tradition [ACT] of the party [PERSON] . birrell [PLACE] also belonged to a group [GROUP] called the " new radicals [PLACE] " or " new liberals [PERSON] " , which also included h. h. asquith [PERSON] , r. b [UNKNOWN] . haldane [PERSON] and sir edward grey [PERSON] . birrell [PLACE] introduced the education bill [PERSON] 1906 , intended to address nonconformist grievances [INSTANCE] arising from the education act [ACT] 1902 . the bill [PERSON] passed the liberal-dominated house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] comfortably , but the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] , with a conservative majority [PROPERTY] , passed wrecking amendments [EVENT] which undermined its meaning [PURPOSE] , and the government [GOVERNMENT] dropped it . this use [USE] of dilatory parliamentary procedures [PROCEDURE] and wrecking amendments [EVENT] over the education bill [PERSON] began a period [PERIOD] of political tension [QUALITY] between the commons [UNKNOWN] and lords [PERSON] which ultimately concluded with the lords [PERSON] ' rejection [PERSON] of the people [HUMAN GROUP] 's budget [DOCUMENT PART] of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises [UNKNOWN] of 1909-11 . birrell [PLACE] had been seen as a poor advocate [PERSON] for the bill [PERSON] , although he complained privately that it was mainly lloyd george [PERSON] 's work [ACTIVITY] , and that he himself had had little say over its contents [PERSON] . the defeat [ACT] of the bill [PERSON] made it impossible for birrell [PLACE] to continue in his post [UNKNOWN] , and in january [PERIOD] 1907 he was appointed chief secretary [PERSON] for ireland [INSTITUTION] , to replace james bryce [PERSON] who had been made ambassador [RANK] to the united states [PLACE] . while serving in government [GOVERNMENT] , birrell [PLACE] supported a number [NUMBER] of progressive measures [MEASURE] and proposals [ABSTRACT ENTITY] such as expanded housing provisions [ACT] , land reform [PERSON] , and substantial increases in education [PROCESS] spending at both primary and secondary level [DOCUMENT] . birrell [PLACE] and women [PERSON] 's suffrage plaque [ACT] in greystones [UNKNOWN] , ireland [INSTITUTION] commemorating the events [EVENT] of 25 october [PERIOD] 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb [PERSON] challenged birrell [PLACE] on the suffrage issue [EVENT] . like many of his political colleagues [PERSON] and members [STATE] of the general public [QUALITY] , birrell [PLACE] strongly disapproved of the militancy [QUALITY] and violence [ACTION] of the women [PERSON] 's social [EVENT] and political union [PLACE] ( wspu [UNKNOWN] ; suffragettes [PERSON] ) . in november [PERIOD] 1910 , when walking alone from the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] , he was set upon by a group [GROUP] of about twenty suffragettes [PERSON] who had recognised him . while he did not believe there was any serious attempt [ACTION] to injure him , in trying to escape he twisted his knee [STATE] and " slipped the knee-cap " . c. p. scott [PERSON] wrote in his diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] that birrell [PLACE] feared he might require an operation [ACTION] to remove his kneecap [ABSTRACT ENTITY] and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician [PERSON] " to the end [UNKNOWN] of his life [EVENT] . birrell [PLACE] was , however , described by the paper votes [UNKNOWN] for women [PERSON] as one of a number [NUMBER] of " suffragist members [STATE] of the cabinet [EVENT] " who met with a deputation [UNKNOWN] from the national union [PLACE] of women [PERSON] 's suffrage societies [UNKNOWN] ( nuwss [UNKNOWN] ) , led by millicent fawcett [PERSON] , on 8 august [PERIOD] 1913 , following a similar meeting [ACT] by the nuwss [UNKNOWN] with prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] asquith [PERSON] on the same day [PERIOD] . according to votes [UNKNOWN] for women [PERSON] , the times [UNKNOWN] reported that the ministers [PERSON] asked the deputation [UNKNOWN] what kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of bill [PERSON] the nuwss [UNKNOWN] was looking for . other ministers [PERSON] present included lloyd george [PERSON] , john simon [PERSON] , francis dyke acland [PERSON] and thomas mckinnon wood [WOOD] . chief secretary [PERSON] for ireland council bill [PERSON] , universities bill [PERSON] and land bill [PERSON] birrell [PLACE] caricatured by spy [RESOURCE] for vanity fair [PERSON] , 1906 birrell [PLACE] 's first under-secretary and head [HEAD] of irish civil service [INSTITUTION] at dublin castle administration [ACT] was sir antony macdonnell [PERSON] , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary [PERSON] , george wyndham [PERSON] , on the land purchase [PERSON] ( ireland [INSTITUTION] ) act [ACT] 1903 . macdonnell [PERSON] was a well-known advocate [PERSON] for home rule [RULE] . macdonnell [PERSON] 's proposals [ABSTRACT ENTITY] for what was called " devolution [EVENT] " - the transfer [SUBSTANCE] of local powers [POWER] to ireland [INSTITUTION] under a central authority [PERSON] - adopted by the irish reform association [INSTITUTION] 's - had encountered strong opposition [STATE] from unionists [PERSON] , leading eventually to wyndham [PERSON] 's resignation [ACT] . this proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] ultimately passed from sir james bryce [PERSON] with birrell [PLACE] inheriting the bill [PERSON] . birrell [PLACE] modified macdonnell [PERSON] 's proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] and on 7 may [PERIOD] 1907 introduced the irish council bill [PERSON] . the bill [PERSON] was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders [PERSON] john redmond [PERSON] [PERSON] and john dillon [PERSON] , and opposed , for different reasons [EVENT] , by unionists [PERSON] and by more radical nationalists [PERSON] who wanted nothing [ABSTRACT ENTITY] less than home rule [RULE] for ireland [INSTITUTION] . at a convention [ARTIFACT] of the united irish league [PLACE] , opposition [STATE] was so strong that redmond [PERSON] changed his position [POSITION] ; the convention [ARTIFACT] rejected the bill [PERSON] and the government [GOVERNMENT] was unable to proceed with it . birrell [PLACE] suffered further embarrassment [COLLECTION] when he sought to discontinue the use [USE] of the irish crimes act [ACT] 1887 , a coercive measure [MEASURE] introduced by arthur balfour [PERSON] to deal with agrarian crime [EVENT] , only to be faced with an increase [INCREASE] in cattle-driving . another affair [ACTION] , in which birrell [PLACE] was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame [PERSON] , was the theft [ACT] of the irish crown jewels [PERSON] from dublin castle [PERSON] ( where the chief secretary [PERSON] had his offices [STATE] ) in july [PERIOD] 1907 . birrell [PLACE] had more success [ACT] in areas [PLACE] such as education [PROCESS] and the irish land question [QUESTION] . his excellent relations [RELATION] with both roman catholic [PERSON] and protestant church leaders [PERSON] such as the archbishop [PERSON] of dublin william walsh [PERSON] ensured the successful passage [ACT] of the irish universities bill [PERSON] [PERSON] 1908 , which established the national university [INSTITUTION] of ireland [INSTITUTION] and queen [PERSON] 's university belfast [PLACE] and dissolved the royal university [INSTITUTION] of ireland [INSTITUTION] . it solved the sectarian problem [EVENT] in higher education [PROCESS] by dividing the protestant [PERSON] and catholic [PERSON] traditions [ACT] into their own separate spheres [UNKNOWN] and ensured catholic [PERSON] , nationalist scholars [PERSON] had access [INCREASE] to university education [PROCESS] . contemporaries [UNKNOWN] also praised his achievement [ACT] in carrying the land purchase [PERSON] ( ireland [INSTITUTION] ) act [ACT] ( 1909 ) , which though falling far short in its financial provisions [ACT] allowed for compulsory purchase [PERSON] by the land commission [INSTANCE] of large areas [PLACE] of land [LAND] for the relief [EVENT] of congestion [STATE] , through a hostile house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] . home rule [RULE] bill [PERSON] sketch [PERSON] of augustine birrell [PLACE] after the passing [STATE] , with the support [ACT] of the irish parliamentary party [PERSON] , of the parliament act [ACT] 1911 , which restricted the power [POWER] of the lords [PERSON] to veto bills [DOCUMENT] , prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] h. h. asquith [PERSON] [PERSON] introduced the third home rule [RULE] bill [PERSON] on 16 april [PERIOD] 1912 . the unionists [PERSON] , led in ireland [INSTITUTION] by edward carson [PERSON] and in britain [PLACE] by tory leader bonar law [PERSON] , formed a private army [HUMAN GROUP] , the ulster volunteers [PLACE] , to resist enforcement [CONDITION] of the act [ACT] , and carson [PERSON] proposed an amendment [EVENT] excluding ulster [PLACE] from the scope [EVENT] of the bill [PERSON] . birrell [PLACE] was opposed to the exclusion [ACT] of any part of the country [PLACE] and when david lloyd george [PERSON] proposed a compromise [EVENT] involving the exclusion [ACT] of six of the nine counties [LAND] of ulster [PLACE] for a period [PERIOD] of five to six years birrell [PLACE] responded by offering his resignation [ACT] . historian ronan [PERSON] fanning , in a newspaper article [ARTICLE] , has described him as " the arch hypocrite [PERSON] " because of his public [QUALITY] criticisms [ACT] of such exclusion proposals [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , but private acceptance [PURPOSE] of same . the proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] was rejected by both unionists [PERSON] and nationalists [PERSON] and birrell [PLACE] stayed on . in fact [UNKNOWN] , by that stage lloyd george [PERSON] had effectively replaced birrell [PLACE] as the liberal government [GOVERNMENT] 's negotiator [SUBSTANCE] in the home rule [RULE] discussions [EVENT] . the crisis [EVENT] continued through 1913 and into 1914 . the bill [PERSON] was introduced for the third time [PERIOD] in july [PERIOD] 1914 , this time [PERIOD] along with an amending [ACT] bill [PERSON] allowing for the exclusion [ACT] of some of the ulster counties [LAND] , but with the outbreak [OCCURRENCE] of world war [EVENT] i the bill [PERSON] was passed without further debate [STATE] , with its implementation [PROCESS] suspended until after the war [EVENT] . however , on the collapse [NAME] of asquith [PERSON] 's liberal-dominated government [GOVERNMENT] in may [PERIOD] 1915 and its replacement [ACT] with a coalition [GROUP] involving carson [PERSON] , the implementation [PROCESS] of home rule [RULE] at any stage [STAGE] became moot [SYSTEM] . world war [EVENT] in the latter part of 1915 , birrell [PLACE] was one of those liberal [PERSON] ministers [PERSON] ( others [UNKNOWN] being reginald mckenna [PERSON] ( chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer [AMOUNT] ) , walter runciman [PERSON] ( president [PERSON] of the board [NUMBER] of trade [PERSON] ) and sir edward grey [PERSON] ( foreign secretary [PERSON] ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment [ACT] of britain [PLACE] 's war effort [ACTION] towards conscription [UNIT] , total war [EVENT] and a massive commitment [COMMITMENT] of troops [HUMAN GROUP] to the western front [PLACE] , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray [PERSON] . however , none [PERSON] of these joined sir john simon [PERSON] ( home secretary [PERSON] ) in resigning in protest [ACT] at the conscription [UNIT] of bachelors [PERSON] , due to be enacted in january [PERIOD] 1916 . however , birrell [PLACE] wrote to the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] ( 29 december [PERIOD] ) criticizing murray [PERSON] and arguing that he and runciman [PERSON] agreed that finance [COGNITIVE STATE] and strategic policy [RULE] were more important than conscription [UNIT] . conscription [UNIT] was only applied in britain [PLACE] , not ireland [INSTITUTION] . easter rising [GOVERNMENT] a further threat [STATE] to birrell [PLACE] 's administration [ACT] had arisen with the formation [ACT] in november [PERIOD] 1913 of the irish volunteers [PERSON] , ostensibly to safeguard home rule [RULE] but in fact [UNKNOWN] , under the influence [ACTION] of the irish republican brotherhood [PERSON] ( irb [UNKNOWN] ) aiming to break the union [PLACE] with britain [PLACE] altogether . feelings [ACTIVITY] in nationalist ireland [INSTITUTION] were further aroused by the possibility [AGREEMENT] of conscription [UNIT] . sir matthew nathan [PERSON] , birrell [PLACE] 's under-secretary since october [PERIOD] 1914 , told him in september [PERIOD] 1915 that the nationalist party [PERSON] was losing ground [AMOUNT] in the country [PLACE] and that extreme nationalists [PERSON] , often referred to as sinn féiners [PERSON] , were gaining support [ACT] . nathan [PERSON] took measures [MEASURE] such as suppressing newspapers [SPEECH ACT] and forcing irish volunteer organisers [PERSON] to leave the country [PLACE] . the irish party [PERSON] leaders [PERSON] , redmond [PERSON] and dillon [PERSON] , cautioned against taking direct action [ACTION] against the ' sinn féiners [PERSON] ' and the administration [ACT] kept to that policy [RULE] . birrell [PLACE] himself felt that the danger [AMOUNT] of a bomb outrage [PERSON] was greater than that of an insurrection [ACTION] . his assessment [ACT] was proved wrong when the easter rising [GOVERNMENT] began on 24 april [PERIOD] 1916 . birrell [PLACE] had spent easter [PERSON] in london [PLACE] , where nathan [PERSON] had telegraphed him with news [INFORMATION] of the capture [EVENT] and scuttling [UNKNOWN] of the arms [LANGUAGE] ship the aud [PERSON] and the arrest [PERSON] of sir roger casement [PERSON] . he had just sent approval [LANGUAGE] for the arrest [PERSON] of the movement [HUMAN GROUP] 's leaders [PERSON] on easter monday morning [PERSON] when he was told by viscount french [PLACE] , commander-in-chief of the british home forces [FORCE] , that the rising [GOVERNMENT] had begun . he maintained contact [ACT] with nathan [PERSON] by telegraph [PORTION] and answered questions [QUESTION] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] on tuesday [PERIOD] and wednesday [PERIOD] , then travelled by destroyer [SHIP] to dublin [PLACE] , arriving in the early hours [PERIOD] of thursday morning [PERSON] . from there he wrote to the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , giving him his assessment [ACT] of the situation [SITUATION] . in one of his letters [PURPOSE] he wrote that he 'could n't go on ' . on 1 may [PERIOD] , the day [PERIOD] after the rising [GOVERNMENT] ended , asquith [PERSON] accepted his resignation [ACT] ' with infinite regret [CONDITION] ' . this regret [CONDITION] was also felt by both nationalist [PERSON] and unionist politicians [PERSON] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . while some , such as laurence ginnell [PERSON] celebrated his departure [ACT] , both john redmond [PERSON] and sir edward carson [PERSON] [PERSON] praised the work birrell [PLACE] completed during his time [PERIOD] as chief secretary [PERSON] . others [UNKNOWN] , such as the irish civil servant [PERSON] , sir henry robinson [PERSON] , also praised the work birrell [PLACE] completed and highlighted in his memoirs [ABSTRACT ENTITY] the number [NUMBER] of acts [UNKNOWN] of parliament birrell [PLACE] was responsible for . however , the royal commission [INSTANCE] on the 1916 rebellion [GOVERNMENT] ( the hardinge commission [INSTANCE] ) was critical of birrell [PLACE] and nathan [PERSON] , in particular their failure [STATE] to take action [ACTION] against the rebels [PERSON] in the weeks [PERIOD] and months [PERIOD] before the rising [GOVERNMENT] . birrell [PLACE] acknowledged in his memoirs [ABSTRACT ENTITY] that he did not stoutly defend himself in front [PLACE] of the commission [INSTANCE] . however , the commission [INSTANCE] did understand that birrell [PLACE] was confined to london [PLACE] due to his cabinet [EVENT] and parliamentary duties [STATE] between 1914 and 1916 . personal life [EVENT] birrell [PLACE] with his son anthony [PERSON] and katharine asquith [PERSON] while birrell [PLACE] 's first phase [UNKNOWN] as chief secretary [PERSON] was a clear success [ACT] , the period [PERIOD] from about 1912 onwards [UNKNOWN] saw something of a decline [PERSON] in birrell [PLACE] 's career [NUMBER] which was also mirrored in his domestic life [EVENT] . birrell [PLACE] 's second wife eleanor [PERSON] had been suffering from an inoperable brain tumour [TUMOUR] and this eventually caused her to lose her sanity [ACTION] . this affected birrell [PLACE] deeply , privately and publicly , but he did not tell his political colleagues [PERSON] , who were simply given to understand that she did not care for social [EVENT] life [EVENT] . there were two sons [PERSON] of the marriage [ACT] , francis [PERSON] and anthony [PERSON] . the quality [QUALITY] of his public [QUALITY] work [ACTIVITY] deteriorated and as one historian [PERSON] has noted the severe personal strain [COLLECTION] must have been a contributory factor [ACTION] in " ...the uncharacteristic combination [GROUP] of excessive zeal [PERSON] and indecision [DEFICIENCY] which marked response [RANK] to the dublin [PLACE] industrial agitation [PROPERTY] of 1913 " . only after eleanor [PERSON] died in 1915 did birrell [PLACE] begin to regain some of his old energy [ENERGY] and effectiveness [PERSON] as a minister [HUMAN ROLE] . later life [EVENT] birrell [PLACE] did not defend his seat [ABSTRACT ENTITY] in the 1918 general election [PERSON] , nor did he ever return to ireland [INSTITUTION] . in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate [PROCESS] from the national university [INSTITUTION] of ireland [INSTITUTION] , but storms [STORM] in the irish sea [PERSON] prevented him from making the crossing [STATE] and he had to receive his degree [PROCESS] in absentia [UNKNOWN] . he returned to literature [DOCUMENT] with a further volume [AMOUNT] of essays [UNKNOWN] and book reviews [ACT] , more obiter dicta [UNKNOWN] ( 1920 ) and a book [ENTITY] on his father-in-law , frederick locker-lampson . he died in london [PLACE] on 20 november [PERIOD] 1933 , aged eighty-three . his autobiography [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , things past redress [ACT] , was published posthumously . selected works [UNKNOWN] * obiter dicta [UNKNOWN] , elliot stock [PERSON] , 1885 * res judicatae [PERSON] : papers [QUANTITY] and essays [UNKNOWN] , charles scribner [PERSON] 's sons [PERSON] 1892 * essays [UNKNOWN] about men [PERSON] , women [PERSON] , and books [UNKNOWN] , elliot stock [PERSON] , 1895 * collected essays [UNKNOWN] , elliot stock [PERSON] , 1899 ( comprising obiter dicta [UNKNOWN] ; res judicatae [PERSON] ; essays [UNKNOWN] about men [PERSON] , women [PERSON] , and books [UNKNOWN] ) * miscellanies [UNKNOWN] , elliot stock [PERSON] , 1901 * essays [UNKNOWN] and addresses [UNKNOWN] , charles scribner [PERSON] 's sons [PERSON] , 1901 ( same content [PERSON] as miscellanies [UNKNOWN] ) * william hazlitt [PERSON] , macmillan [PERSON] , 1902 * eight years [PERIOD] of tory government [GOVERNMENT] , 1895-1903 ; home affairs [ACTION] ; handbook [COLLECTION] for the use [USE] of liberals london [PLACE] , 1903 * in the name [NAME] of the bodleian [PLACE] , and other essays [UNKNOWN] , elliot stock [PERSON] , 1905 * andrew marvell [PERSON] , macmillan [PERSON] , 1905 * selected essays [UNKNOWN] : 1884-1907 , thomas nelson [PERSON] , 1909 * self-selected essays [UNKNOWN] : a second series [SERIES] , nelson [PERSON] , 1917 * more obiter dicta [UNKNOWN] , w. heinemann ltd . , 1924 * et cetera [PERSON] : a collection [COLLECTION] , chatto [PERSON] and windus [PERSON] , 1930 * things past redress london [PLACE] , 1937 papers [QUANTITY] the main collection [COLLECTION] of birrell [PLACE] 's papers [QUANTITY] , those dealing with his period [PERIOD] as chief secretary [PERSON] , are deposited in the bodleian library [PLACE] . the bodleian [PLACE] also contains collections [COLLECTION] of birrell [PLACE] 's public [QUALITY] correspondence [SIMILARITY] with political figures [FIGURE] of his day [PERIOD] , asquith [PERSON] , lewis harcourt [PERSON] and others [UNKNOWN] . birrell [PLACE] 's correspondence [SIMILARITY] with campbell-bannerman and herbert gladstone [PERSON] are in the british library [PLACE] . his correspondence [SIMILARITY] with lloyd george [PERSON] is in the parliamentary archives [UNKNOWN] . correspondence [SIMILARITY] with herbert samuel [PERSON] is in king [PERSON] 's college [INSTITUTION] , cambridge [PERSON] . other collections [COLLECTION] can be found in the national library [PLACE] of ireland [INSTITUTION] , lambeth palace [PERSON] , national library [PLACE] of scotland [PLACE] and trinity college [INSTITUTION] dublin [PLACE] . his family correspondence [SIMILARITY] is deposited in the university [INSTITUTION] of liverpool [PLACE] .

## Objects found

Id | Form | Freq | Tag | Context | Error
1 | birrell | 37 | PLACE | the right honourable augustine birrell kc president of the board of education |
2 | ireland | 15 | INSTITUTION | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
3 | essays | 11 | UNKNOWN | a barrister by training , he was also an author noted for humorous essays . |
4 | bill | 10 | PERSON | the failed education bill of 1906 |
5 | women | 7 | PERSON | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
6 | chief secretary | 7 | PERSON | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
7 | education | 7 | PROCESS | the right honourable augustine birrell kc president of the board of education |
8 | liverpool | 5 | PLACE | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
9 | life | 5 | EVENT | early life |
10 | lords | 5 | PERSON | the bill passed the liberal-dominated house of commons comfortably , but the house of lords , with a conservative majority , passed wrecking amendments which undermined its meaning , and the government dropped it . |
11 | conscription | 5 | UNIT | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
12 | november | 5 | PERIOD | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
13 | elliot stock | 5 | PERSON | obiter dicta , elliot stock , 1885 * res judicatae : papers and essays , charles scribner 's sons 1892 * essays about men , women , and books , elliot stock , 1895 * |
14 | london | 5 | PLACE | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
15 | sons | 4 | PERSON | they had two sons , one of whom , frankie ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist and critic and associated with the bloomsbury group . |
16 | period | 4 | PERIOD | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
17 | unionists | 4 | PERSON | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
18 | obiter dicta | 4 | UNKNOWN | birrell found success as a writer with the publication of a volume of essays entitled obiter dicta in 1884 . |
19 | britain | 4 | PLACE | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
20 | resignation | 4 | ACT | he was criticised for failing to take action against irish rebels before the easter rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . |
21 | nathan | 4 | PERSON | sir matthew nathan , birrell 's under-secretary since october 1914 , told him in september 1915 that the nationalist party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as sinn féiners , were gaining support . |
22 | board | 4 | NUMBER | the right honourable augustine birrell kc president of the board of education |
23 | correspondence | 4 | SIMILARITY | the bodleian also contains collections of birrell 's public correspondence with political figures of his day , asquith , lewis harcourt and others . |
24 | january | 4 | PERIOD | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
25 | use | 4 | USE | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
26 | rising | 3 | GOVERNMENT | he was criticised for failing to take action against irish rebels before the easter rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . |
27 | papers | 3 | QUANTITY | obiter dicta , elliot stock , 1885 * res judicatae : papers and essays , charles scribner 's sons 1892 * essays about men , women , and books , elliot stock , 1895 * |
28 | macdonnell | 3 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
29 | house | 3 | PLACE | the bill passed the liberal-dominated house of commons comfortably , but the house of lords , with a conservative majority , passed wrecking amendments which undermined its meaning , and the government dropped it . |
30 | country | 3 | PLACE | birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when david lloyd george proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of ulster for a period of five to six years birrell responded by offering his resignation . |
31 | cabinet | 3 | EVENT | birrell was included in the cabinet of sir henry campbell-bannerman as president of the board of education , and that month he was sworn of the privy council . |
32 | number | 3 | NUMBER | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
33 | election | 3 | PERSON | after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in liverpool , walton in 1885 and widnes in 1886 , birrell was elected to parliament for west fife at a by election in 1889 , as a liberal . |
34 | time | 3 | PERIOD | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
35 | asquith | 3 | PERSON | in office 23 january 1907 - 3 may 1916 monarchs edward vii george v prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman h. h. asquith preceded by james bryce succeeded by sir henry duke personal details born ( 1850-01-19) 19 |
36 | nationalists | 3 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
37 | exclusion | 3 | ACT | birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when david lloyd george proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of ulster for a period of five to six years birrell responded by offering his resignation . |
38 | work | 3 | ACTIVITY | he started work in a solicitor 's office in liverpool but was called to the bar in 1875 , becoming a kc in 1893 and a bencher of the inner temple in 1903 . |
39 | government | 3 | GOVERNMENT | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
40 | parliament | 3 | HUMAN GROUP | after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in liverpool , walton in 1885 and widnes in 1886 , birrell was elected to parliament for west fife at a by-election in 1889 , as a liberal . |
41 | education bill | 3 | PERSON | the failed education bill of 1906 |
42 | action | 3 | ACTION | he was criticised for failing to take action against irish rebels before the easter rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . |
43 | president | 3 | PERSON | the right honourable augustine birrell kc president of the board of education |
44 | home rule | 3 | RULE | macdonnell was a well-known advocate for home rule . |
45 | books | 3 | UNKNOWN | these , despite their titles , were not concerned with law , but he also wrote books on copyright and on trusts . |
46 | others | 3 | UNKNOWN | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
47 | day | 3 | PERIOD | asquith on the same day . |
48 | success | 3 | ACT | birrell found success as a writer with the publication of a volume of essays entitled obiter dicta in 1884 . |
49 | ministers | 3 | PERSON | according to votes for women , the times reported that the ministers asked the deputation what kind of bill the nuwss was looking for . |
50 | nuwss | 3 | UNKNOWN | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
51 | lloyd george | 3 | PERSON | birrell had been seen as a poor advocate for the bill , although he complained privately that it was mainly lloyd george 's work , and that he himself had had little say over its contents . |
52 | res judicatae | 3 | PERSON | this was followed by a second series of obiter dicta in 1887 and res judicatae in 1892 . |
53 | administration | 3 | ACT | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
54 | commons | 3 | UNKNOWN | the bill passed the liberal-dominated house of commons comfortably , but the house of lords , with a conservative majority , passed wrecking amendments which undermined its meaning , and the government dropped it . |
55 | may | 3 | PERIOD | in office 23 january 1907 - 3 may 1916 monarchs edward vii george v prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman h. h. asquith preceded by james bryce succeeded by sir henry duke personal details born ( 1850-01-19) 19 |
56 | more obiter dicta | 2 | PLACE | he returned to literature with a further volume of essays and book reviews , more obiter dicta ( 1920 ) and a book on his father-in-law , frederick locker-lampson . |
57 | national university | 2 | INSTITUTION | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
58 | areas | 2 | PLACE | birrell had more success in areas such as education and the irish land question . |
59 | national library | 2 | PLACE | other collections can be found in the national library of ireland , lambeth palace , national library of scotland and trinity college dublin . |
60 | prime minister | 2 | HUMAN ROLE | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
61 | war | 2 | EVENT | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
62 | post | 2 | UNKNOWN | in this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for catholics . |
63 | advocate | 2 | PERSON | birrell had been seen as a poor advocate for the bill , although he complained privately that it was mainly lloyd george 's work , and that he himself had had little say over its contents . |
64 | amendments | 2 | EVENT | the bill passed the liberal-dominated house of commons comfortably , but the house of lords , with a conservative majority , passed wrecking amendments which undermined its meaning , and the government dropped it . |
65 | campbell bannerman | 2 | PERSON |  |
66 | fact | 2 | UNKNOWN | in fact , by that stage lloyd george had effectively replaced birrell as the liberal government 's negotiator in the home rule discussions . |
67 | redmond | 2 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
68 | rebels | 2 | PERSON | he was criticised for failing to take action against irish rebels before the easter rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . |
69 | deputation | 2 | UNKNOWN | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
70 | easter | 2 | PERSON | he was criticised for failing to take action against irish rebels before the easter rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . |
71 | law | 2 | PERSON | from 1896 to 1899 he was professor of comparative law at university college , london . |
72 | suffragettes | 2 | PERSON | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
73 | sinn féiners | 2 | PERSON | sir matthew nathan , birrell 's under-secretary since october 1914 , told him in september 1915 that the nationalist party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as sinn féiners , were gaining support . |
74 | liberals | 2 | PERSON | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
75 | under secretary | 2 | PERSON |  |
76 | macmillan | 2 | PERSON | william hazlitt , macmillan , 1902 * eight years of tory government , 1895-1903 ; home affairs ; handbook for the use of liberals london , 1903 * |
77 | policy | 2 | RULE | however , birrell wrote to the prime minister ( 29 december ) criticizing murray and arguing that he and runciman agreed that finance and strategic policy were more important than conscription . |
78 | marriage | 2 | ACT | his first wife , margaret mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson , daughter of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson , son of the poet alfred , lord tennyson . |
79 | ulster | 2 | PLACE | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
80 | bodleian | 2 | PLACE | in the name of the bodleian , and other essays , elliot stock , 1905 * |
81 | easter rising | 2 | PERSON | he was criticised for failing to take action against irish rebels before the easter rising , leading to his subsequent resignation . |
82 | opposition | 2 | STATE | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
83 | university education | 2 | PROCESS | in this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for catholics . |
84 | seat | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | he retained his seat in the general elections of 1892 and 1895 , but in the general election of 1900 he stood in manchester north east and was defeated . |
85 | daughter | 2 | PERSON | charles mitchell birrell ( 1811-1880 ) , a scottish baptist minister and harriet jane grey ( 1811-1863 ) daughter of rev henry grey of edinburgh . |
86 | proposal | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | this proposal ultimately passed from sir james bryce with birrell inheriting the bill . |
87 | memoirs | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | others , such as the irish civil servant , sir henry robinson , also praised the work birrell completed and highlighted in his memoirs the number of acts of parliament birrell was responsible for . |
88 | group | 2 | GROUP | they had two sons , one of whom , frankie ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist and critic and associated with the bloomsbury group . |
89 | dublin | 2 | PLACE | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
90 | carson | 2 | PERSON | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
91 | cambridge | 2 | PERSON | alma mater trinity hall , cambridge augustine birrell kc ( 19 january 1850 - 20 november 1933 ) was an english liberal party politician , who was chief secretary for ireland from 1907 to 1916 . |
92 | collections | 2 | COLLECTION | the bodleian also contains collections of birrell 's public correspondence with political figures of his day , asquith , lewis harcourt and others . |
93 | implementation | 2 | PROCESS | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
94 | eleanor tennyson | 2 | PERSON | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
95 | land purchase | 2 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
96 | england | 2 | PLACE | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
97 | volume | 2 | AMOUNT | birrell found success as a writer with the publication of a volume of essays entitled obiter dicta in 1884 . |
98 | catholic | 2 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
99 | proposals | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
100 | eight years | 2 | PERIOD | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
101 | majority | 2 | PROPERTY | he was returned for bristol north at the general election of january 1906 , in which the liberals won a large majority . |
102 | commission | 2 | INSTANCE | act ( 1909 ) , which though falling far short in its financial provisions allowed for compulsory purchase by the land commission of large areas of land for the relief of congestion , through a hostile house of lords . |
103 | world war | 2 | EVENT | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
104 | margaret mirrielees | 2 | PERSON | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
105 | arrest | 2 | PERSON | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
106 | measures | 2 | MEASURE | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
107 | april | 2 | PERIOD | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
108 | support | 2 | ACT | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
109 | son | 2 | PERSON | birrell was born in wavertree , liverpool the son of the rev. |
110 | assessment | 2 | ACT | his assessment was proved wrong when the easter rising began on 24 april 1916 . |
111 | miscellanies | 2 | UNKNOWN | miscellanies , elliot stock , 1901 * essays and addresses , charles scribner 's sons , 1901 ( same content as miscellanies ) * |
112 | sir edward grey | 2 | PERSON | birrell also belonged to a group called the " new radicals " or " new liberals " , which also included h. h. asquith , r. b . haldane and sir edward grey . |
113 | october | 2 | PERIOD | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
114 | charles scribner | 2 | PERSON | obiter dicta , elliot stock , 1885 * res judicatae : papers and essays , charles scribner 's sons 1892 * essays about men , women , and books , elliot stock , 1895 * |
115 | convention | 2 | ARTIFACT | at a convention of the united irish league , opposition was so strong that redmond changed his position ; the convention rejected the bill and the government was unable to proceed with it . |
116 | july | 2 | PERIOD | another affair , in which birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the irish crown jewels from dublin castle ( where the chief secretary had his offices ) in july 1907 . |
117 | colleagues | 2 | PERSON | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
118 | men | 2 | PERSON | obiter dicta , elliot stock , 1885 * res judicatae : papers and essays , charles scribner 's sons 1892 * essays about men , women , and books , elliot stock , 1895 * |
119 | collection | 2 | COLLECTION | heinemann ltd . , 1924 * et cetera : a collection , chatto and windus , 1930 * |
120 | members | 2 | STATE | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
121 | tory government | 2 | GOVERNMENT | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
122 | work birrell | 2 | PERSON | while some , such as laurence ginnell celebrated his departure , both john redmond and sir edward carson praised the work birrell completed during his time as chief secretary . |
123 | regret | 2 | CONDITION | on 1 may , the day after the rising ended , asquith accepted his resignation ' with infinite regret ' . |
124 | politics augustine birrell | 1 | PERSON | entry into politics augustine birrell c1895 |
125 | events | 1 | EVENT | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
126 | theft | 1 | ACT | another affair , in which birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the irish crown jewels from dublin castle ( where the chief secretary had his offices ) in july 1907 . |
127 | commitment | 1 | COMMITMENT | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
128 | stage lloyd george | 1 | PERSON | in fact , by that stage lloyd george had effectively replaced birrell as the liberal government 's negotiator in the home rule discussions . |
129 | john dillon | 1 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
130 | chatto | 1 | PERSON | heinemann ltd . , 1924 * et cetera : a collection , chatto and windus , 1930 * |
131 | home rule discussions | 1 | EVENT | in fact , by that stage lloyd george had effectively replaced birrell as the liberal government 's negotiator in the home rule discussions . |
132 | situation | 1 | SITUATION | from there he wrote to the prime minister , giving him his assessment of the situation . |
133 | august | 1 | PERIOD | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
134 | series | 1 | SERIES | this was followed by a second series of obiter dicta in 1887 and res judicatae in 1892 . |
135 | h. h. asquith | 1 | PERSON | in office 23 january 1907 - 3 may 1916 monarchs edward vii george v prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman h. h. asquith preceded by james bryce succeeded by sir henry duke personal details born ( 1850-01-19) 19 |
136 | david lloyd george | 1 | PERSON | birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when david lloyd george proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of ulster for a period of five to six years birrell responded by offering his resignation . |
137 | irish civil service | 1 | INSTITUTION | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
138 | traditions | 1 | ACT | it solved the sectarian problem in higher education by dividing the protestant and catholic traditions into their own separate spheres and ensured catholic , nationalist scholars had access to university education . |
139 | glasgow university | 1 | INSTITUTION | in 1911 birrell served as lord rector of glasgow university . |
140 | operation | 1 | ACTION | c. p. scott wrote in his diary that birrell feared he might require an operation to remove his kneecap and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician " to the end of his life . |
141 | family correspondence | 1 | SIMILARITY | his family correspondence is deposited in the university of liverpool . |
142 | rev henry grey | 1 | PERSON | charles mitchell birrell ( 1811-1880 ) , a scottish baptist minister and harriet jane grey ( 1811-1863 ) daughter of rev henry grey of edinburgh . |
143 | viscount french | 1 | PLACE | he had just sent approval for the arrest of the movement 's leaders on easter monday morning when he was told by viscount french , commander-in-chief of the british home forces , that the rising had begun . |
144 | universities bill | 1 | PERSON | chief secretary for ireland council bill , universities bill and land bill birrell caricatured by spy for vanity fair , 1906 |
145 | irish crimes act | 1 | ACT | birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the irish crimes act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by arthur balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . |
146 | scope | 1 | EVENT | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
147 | amendment | 1 | EVENT | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
148 | eleanor | 1 | PERSON | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
149 | property | 1 | PROPERTY | in this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for catholics . |
150 | tradition | 1 | ACT | like campbell-bannerman , birrell belonged to the radical tradition of the party . |
151 | violence | 1 | ACTION | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
152 | irish parliamentary party | 1 | PERSON | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
153 | votes | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
154 | doctorate | 1 | PROCESS | in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the national university of ireland , but storms in the irish sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . |
155 | haldane | 1 | PERSON | birrell also belonged to a group called the " new radicals " or " new liberals " , which also included h. h. asquith , r. b . haldane and sir edward grey . |
156 | author | 1 | PERSON | a barrister by training , he was also an author noted for humorous essays . |
157 | enforcement | 1 | CONDITION | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
158 | walton | 1 | PERSON | after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in liverpool , walton in 1885 and widnes in 1886 , birrell was elected to parliament for west fife at a by-election in 1889 , as a liberal . |
159 | quality | 1 | QUALITY | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
160 | londonderry | 1 | PLACE | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
161 | kneecap | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | c. p. scott wrote in his diary that birrell feared he might require an operation to remove his kneecap and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician " to the end of his life . |
162 | land | 1 | LAND | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
163 | threat | 1 | STATE | a further threat to birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in november 1913 of the irish volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard home rule but in fact , under the influence of the irish republican brotherhood ( irb ) aiming to break the union with britain altogether . |
164 | humour | 1 | QUALITY | birrell wrote , and spoke , with a characteristic humour which became known as birrelling . |
165 | information | 1 | INFORMATION | president of the board of education further information : |
166 | decline | 1 | PERSON | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
167 | scotland | 1 | PLACE | other collections can be found in the national library of ireland , lambeth palace , national library of scotland and trinity college dublin . |
168 | cambridge augustine birrell kc | 1 | PERSON | alma mater trinity hall , cambridge augustine birrell kc ( 19 january 1850 - 20 november 1933 ) was an english liberal party politician , who was chief secretary for ireland from 1907 to 1916 . |
169 | january wavertree | 1 | PERSON |  |
170 | name | 1 | NAME | in the name of the bodleian , and other essays , elliot stock , 1905 * |
171 | runciman | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
172 | public | 1 | QUALITY | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
173 | unionist politicians | 1 | PERSON | this regret was also felt by both nationalist and unionist politicians in parliament . |
174 | amending | 1 | ACT | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
175 | worker | 1 | PERSON | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
176 | office january | 1 | PERIOD |  |
177 | crisis | 1 | EVENT | the crisis continued through 1913 and into 1914 . |
178 | parliament birrell | 1 | PERSON | others , such as the irish civil servant , sir henry robinson , also praised the work birrell completed and highlighted in his memoirs the number of acts of parliament birrell was responsible for . |
179 | party liberal spouse s | 1 | PERSON |  |
180 | relief | 1 | EVENT | act ( 1909 ) , which though falling far short in its financial provisions allowed for compulsory purchase by the land commission of large areas of land for the relief of congestion , through a hostile house of lords . |
181 | tuesday | 1 | PERIOD | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
182 | murray | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
183 | feelings | 1 | ACTIVITY | feelings in nationalist ireland were further aroused by the possibility of conscription . |
184 | paper votes | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
185 | west fife | 1 | PERSON | after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in liverpool , walton in 1885 and widnes in 1886 , birrell was elected to parliament for west fife at a by-election in 1889 , as a liberal . |
186 | suffrage societies | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
187 | strain | 1 | COLLECTION | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
188 | increase | 1 | INCREASE | birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the irish crimes act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by arthur balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . |
189 | newspaper article | 1 | ARTICLE | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
190 | bencher | 1 | PERSON | he started work in a solicitor 's office in liverpool but was called to the bar in 1875 , becoming a kc in 1893 and a bencher of the inner temple in 1903 . |
191 | times | 1 | UNKNOWN | according to votes for women , the times reported that the ministers asked the deputation what kind of bill the nuwss was looking for . |
192 | lewis harcourt | 1 | PERSON | the bodleian also contains collections of birrell 's public correspondence with political figures of his day , asquith , lewis harcourt and others . |
193 | tory leader bonar law | 1 | PERSON | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
194 | kind | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | according to votes for women , the times reported that the ministers asked the deputation what kind of bill the nuwss was looking for . |
195 | royal university | 1 | INSTITUTION | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
196 | college | 1 | INSTITUTION | from 1896 to 1899 he was professor of comparative law at university college , london . |
197 | laurence ginnell | 1 | PERSON | while some , such as laurence ginnell celebrated his departure , both john redmond and sir edward carson praised the work birrell completed during his time as chief secretary . |
198 | blame | 1 | PERSON | another affair , in which birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the irish crown jewels from dublin castle ( where the chief secretary had his offices ) in july 1907 . |
199 | acts | 1 | UNKNOWN | others , such as the irish civil servant , sir henry robinson , also praised the work birrell completed and highlighted in his memoirs the number of acts of parliament birrell was responsible for . |
200 | december | 1 | PERIOD | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
201 | achievement | 1 | ACT | contemporaries also praised his achievement in carrying the land purchase ( ireland ) |
202 | addresses | 1 | UNKNOWN | miscellanies , elliot stock , 1901 * essays and addresses , charles scribner 's sons , 1901 ( same content as miscellanies ) * |
203 | reginald mckenna chief secretary | 1 | PERSON | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
204 | arms | 1 | LANGUAGE | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
205 | figures | 1 | FIGURE | the bodleian also contains collections of birrell 's public correspondence with political figures of his day , asquith , lewis harcourt and others . |
206 | newspapers | 1 | SPEECH ACT | nathan took measures such as suppressing newspapers and forcing irish volunteer organisers to leave the country . |
207 | influence | 1 | ACTION | a further threat to birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in november 1913 of the irish volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard home rule but in fact , under the influence of the irish republican brotherhood ( irb ) aiming to break the union with britain altogether . |
208 | problem | 1 | EVENT | it solved the sectarian problem in higher education by dividing the protestant and catholic traditions into their own separate spheres and ensured catholic , nationalist scholars had access to university education . |
209 | manchester north east | 1 | PERSON | he retained his seat in the general elections of 1892 and 1895 , but in the general election of 1900 he stood in manchester north east and was defeated . |
210 | contributory factor | 1 | ACTION | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
211 | wednesday | 1 | PERIOD | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
212 | troops | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
213 | wavertree | 1 | PLACE | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
214 | thomas nelson | 1 | PERSON | andrew marvell , macmillan , 1905 * selected essays : 1884-1907 , thomas nelson , 1909 * |
215 | parliamentary seats | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in liverpool , walton in 1885 and widnes in 1886 , birrell was elected to parliament for west fife at a by-election in 1889 , as a liberal . |
216 | bomb outrage | 1 | PERSON | birrell himself felt that the danger of a bomb outrage was greater than that of an insurrection . |
217 | collapse | 1 | NAME | however , on the collapse of asquith 's liberal-dominated government in may 1915 and its replacement with a coalition involving carson , the implementation of home rule at any stage became moot . |
218 | power | 1 | POWER | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
219 | rev. charles mitchell birrell | 1 | PERSON |  |
220 | wyndham | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
221 | possibility | 1 | AGREEMENT | feelings in nationalist ireland were further aroused by the possibility of conscription . |
222 | works | 1 | UNKNOWN | selected works * |
223 | leaders | 1 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
224 | land question | 1 | QUESTION | birrell had more success in areas such as education and the irish land question . |
225 | king | 1 | PERSON | correspondence with herbert samuel is in king 's college , cambridge . |
226 | army | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
227 | nationalist ireland | 1 | PLACE | feelings in nationalist ireland were further aroused by the possibility of conscription . |
228 | combination | 1 | GROUP | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
229 | anthony | 1 | PERSON | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
230 | new radicals | 1 | PLACE | birrell also belonged to a group called the " new radicals " or " new liberals " , which also included h. h. asquith , r. b . haldane and sir edward grey . |
231 | sir henry campbell bannerman | 1 | PERSON |  |
232 | vanity fair | 1 | PERSON | chief secretary for ireland council bill , universities bill and land bill birrell caricatured by spy for vanity fair , 1906 |
233 | professor | 1 | PERSON | from 1896 to 1899 he was professor of comparative law at university college , london . |
234 | news | 1 | INFORMATION | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
235 | powers | 1 | POWER | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
236 | embarrassment | 1 | COLLECTION | birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the irish crimes act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by arthur balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . |
237 | relations | 1 | RELATION | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
238 | level | 1 | DOCUMENT | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
239 | provisions | 1 | ACT | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
240 | knee | 1 | STATE | while he did not believe there was any serious attempt to injure him , in trying to escape he twisted his knee and " slipped the knee cap " . |
241 | thursday morning | 1 | PERSON | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
242 | parliamentary duties | 1 | STATE | however , the commission did understand that birrell was confined to london due to his cabinet and parliamentary duties between 1914 and 1916 . |
243 | sir edward carson | 1 | PERSON | while some , such as laurence ginnell celebrated his departure , both john redmond and sir edward carson praised the work birrell completed during his time as chief secretary . |
244 | ground | 1 | AMOUNT | sir matthew nathan , birrell 's under-secretary since october 1914 , told him in september 1915 that the nationalist party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as sinn féiners , were gaining support . |
245 | finance | 1 | COGNITIVE STATE | however , birrell wrote to the prime minister ( 29 december ) criticizing murray and arguing that he and runciman agreed that finance and strategic policy were more important than conscription . |
246 | education act | 1 | ACT | birrell introduced the education bill 1906 , intended to address nonconformist grievances arising from the education act 1902 . |
247 | united irish league | 1 | PLACE | at a convention of the united irish league , opposition was so strong that redmond changed his position ; the convention rejected the bill and the government was unable to proceed with it . |
248 | budget | 1 | DOCUMENT PART | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
249 | dublin william walsh | 1 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
250 | suffrage issue | 1 | EVENT | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
251 | insurrection | 1 | ACTION | birrell himself felt that the danger of a bomb outrage was greater than that of an insurrection . |
252 | knee cap | 1 | PLACE |  |
253 | irb | 1 | UNKNOWN | a further threat to birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in november 1913 of the irish volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard home rule but in fact , under the influence of the irish republican brotherhood ( irb ) aiming to break the union with britain altogether . |
254 | queen | 1 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
255 | congestion | 1 | STATE | act ( 1909 ) , which though falling far short in its financial provisions allowed for compulsory purchase by the land commission of large areas of land for the relief of congestion , through a hostile house of lords . |
256 | authority | 1 | PERSON | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
257 | content | 1 | PERSON | miscellanies , elliot stock , 1901 * essays and addresses , charles scribner 's sons , 1901 ( same content as miscellanies ) * |
258 | irish sea | 1 | PERSON | in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the national university of ireland , but storms in the irish sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . |
259 | measure | 1 | MEASURE | birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the irish crimes act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by arthur balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . |
260 | zeal | 1 | PERSON | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
261 | tension | 1 | QUALITY | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
262 | bodleian library | 1 | PLACE | the main collection of birrell 's papers , those dealing with his period as chief secretary , are deposited in the bodleian library . |
263 | francis | 1 | PERSON | other ministers present included lloyd george , john simon , francis dyke acland and thomas mckinnon wood . |
264 | liberal government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | in fact , by that stage lloyd george had effectively replaced birrell as the liberal government 's negotiator in the home rule discussions . |
265 | september | 1 | PERIOD | sir matthew nathan , birrell 's under-secretary since october 1914 , told him in september 1915 that the nationalist party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as sinn féiners , were gaining support . |
266 | foreign secretary | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
267 | lionel tennyson | 1 | PERSON | his first wife , margaret mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson , daughter of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson , son of the poet alfred , lord tennyson . |
268 | harriet jane grey | 1 | PERSON | charles mitchell birrell ( 1811-1880 ) , a scottish baptist minister and harriet jane grey ( 1811-1863 ) daughter of rev henry grey of edinburgh . |
269 | irish republican brotherhood | 1 | PERSON | a further threat to birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in november 1913 of the irish volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard home rule but in fact , under the influence of the irish republican brotherhood ( irb ) aiming to break the union with britain altogether . |
270 | suffrage plaque | 1 | ACT | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
271 | new liberals | 1 | PLACE | birrell also belonged to a group called the " new radicals " or " new liberals " , which also included h. h. asquith , r. b . haldane and sir edward grey . |
272 | cigs archibald murray | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
273 | bills | 1 | DOCUMENT | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
274 | compensation | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
275 | purchase | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
276 | office | 1 | PLACE | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
277 | phase | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
278 | war effort | 1 | ACTION | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
279 | baptist minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE | charles mitchell birrell ( 1811-1880 ) , a scottish baptist minister and harriet jane grey ( 1811-1863 ) daughter of rev henry grey of edinburgh . |
280 | rebellion | 1 | GOVERNMENT | however , the royal commission on the 1916 rebellion ( the hardinge commission ) was critical of birrell and nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the rising . |
281 | irish universities bill | 1 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
282 | cattle driving | 1 | ACTION |  |
283 | katharine asquith while birrell | 1 | PERSON | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
284 | solicitor | 1 | PERSON | he started work in a solicitor 's office in liverpool but was called to the bar in 1875 , becoming a kc in 1893 and a bencher of the inner temple in 1903 . |
285 | john redmond | 1 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
286 | w. heinemann | 1 | PERSON |  |
287 | sir roger casement | 1 | PERSON | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
288 | catholics | 1 | UNKNOWN | in this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for catholics . |
289 | weeks | 1 | PERIOD | however , the royal commission on the 1916 rebellion ( the hardinge commission ) was critical of birrell and nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the rising . |
290 | augustine birrell | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable augustine birrell kc president of the board of education |
291 | degree | 1 | PROCESS | in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the national university of ireland , but storms in the irish sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . |
292 | nelson | 1 | PERSON | andrew marvell , macmillan , 1905 * selected essays : 1884-1907 , thomas nelson , 1909 * |
293 | letters | 1 | PURPOSE | in one of his letters he wrote that he 'could n't go on ' . |
294 | john simon | 1 | PERSON | other ministers present included lloyd george , john simon , francis dyke acland and thomas mckinnon wood . |
295 | club | 1 | INSTITUTION | he joined the sylvan debating club in 1872 . |
296 | response | 1 | RANK | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
297 | union | 1 | PLACE | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
298 | archbishop | 1 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
299 | replacement | 1 | ACT | however , on the collapse of asquith 's liberal-dominated government in may 1915 and its replacement with a coalition involving carson , the implementation of home rule at any stage became moot . |
300 | wife | 1 | PERSON | his first wife , margaret mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson , daughter of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson , son of the poet alfred , lord tennyson . |
301 | departure | 1 | ACT | while some , such as laurence ginnell celebrated his departure , both john redmond and sir edward carson praised the work birrell completed during his time as chief secretary . |
302 | years birrell | 1 | PERSON | birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when david lloyd george proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of ulster for a period of five to six years birrell responded by offering his resignation . |
303 | weak kneed politician | 1 | PERSON |  |
304 | protestant church leaders | 1 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
305 | home secretary | 1 | PERSON | however , none of these joined sir john simon ( home secretary ) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors , due to be enacted in january 1916 . |
306 | bristol north | 1 | PLACE | he was returned for bristol north at the general election of january 1906 , in which the liberals won a large majority . |
307 | movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | he had just sent approval for the arrest of the movement 's leaders on easter monday morning when he was told by viscount french , commander-in-chief of the british home forces , that the rising had begun . |
308 | year | 1 | PERIOD | his first wife , margaret mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson , daughter of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson , son of the poet alfred , lord tennyson . |
309 | brain tumour | 1 | TUMOUR | birrell 's second wife eleanor had been suffering from an inoperable brain tumour and this eventually caused her to lose her sanity . |
310 | trinity college dublin | 1 | PERSON | other collections can be found in the national library of ireland , lambeth palace , national library of scotland and trinity college dublin . |
311 | alma mater trinity hall | 1 | PLACE | alma mater trinity hall , cambridge augustine birrell kc ( 19 january 1850 - 20 november 1933 ) was an english liberal party politician , who was chief secretary for ireland from 1907 to 1916 . |
312 | wife eleanor | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's second wife eleanor had been suffering from an inoperable brain tumour and this eventually caused her to lose her sanity . |
313 | issues | 1 | EVENT | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
314 | minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
315 | millicent fawcett | 1 | PERSON | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
316 | protest | 1 | ACT | however , none of these joined sir john simon ( home secretary ) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors , due to be enacted in january 1916 . |
317 | francis dyke acland | 1 | PERSON | other ministers present included lloyd george , john simon , francis dyke acland and thomas mckinnon wood . |
318 | titles | 1 | ACTION | these , despite their titles , were not concerned with law , but he also wrote books on copyright and on trusts . |
319 | land commission | 1 | PERSON | act ( 1909 ) , which though falling far short in its financial provisions allowed for compulsory purchase by the land commission of large areas of land for the relief of congestion , through a hostile house of lords . |
320 | honorary fellow | 1 | SET | hall school and at trinity hall , cambridge , where he was made an honorary fellow in 1879 . |
321 | nationalist party | 1 | FORCE | sir matthew nathan , birrell 's under-secretary since october 1914 , told him in september 1915 that the nationalist party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as sinn féiners , were gaining support . |
322 | onwards | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
323 | national union | 1 | PLACE | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
324 | irish party leaders | 1 | PERSON | the irish party leaders , redmond and dillon , cautioned against taking direct action against the ' sinn féiners ' and the administration kept to that policy . |
325 | by election | 1 | PERSON |  |
326 | home rule bill sketch | 1 | PERSON | home rule bill sketch of augustine birrell |
327 | lord rector | 1 | PERSON | in 1911 birrell served as lord rector of glasgow university . |
328 | trusts | 1 | TRUST | these , despite their titles , were not concerned with law , but he also wrote books on copyright and on trusts . |
329 | ireland council bill | 1 | PERSON | chief secretary for ireland council bill , universities bill and land bill birrell caricatured by spy for vanity fair , 1906 |
330 | western front | 1 | PLACE | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
331 | writer | 1 | PERSON | birrell found success as a writer with the publication of a volume of essays entitled obiter dicta in 1884 . |
332 | sir henry robinson | 1 | PERSON | others , such as the irish civil servant , sir henry robinson , also praised the work birrell completed and highlighted in his memoirs the number of acts of parliament birrell was responsible for . |
333 | moot | 1 | SYSTEM | however , on the collapse of asquith 's liberal-dominated government in may 1915 and its replacement with a coalition involving carson , the implementation of home rule at any stage became moot . |
334 | social | 1 | EVENT | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
335 | parliament act | 1 | ACT | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
336 | edinburgh | 1 | PLACE | charles mitchell birrell ( 1811-1880 ) , a scottish baptist minister and harriet jane grey ( 1811-1863 ) daughter of rev henry grey of edinburgh . |
337 | stage | 1 | STAGE | in fact , by that stage lloyd george had effectively replaced birrell as the liberal government 's negotiator in the home rule discussions . |
338 | second series | 1 | SERIES | this was followed by a second series of obiter dicta in 1887 and res judicatae in 1892 . |
339 | amersham hall school | 1 | INSTITUTION |  |
340 | meeting | 1 | ACT | birrell was , however , described by the paper votes for women as one of a number of " suffragist members of the cabinet " who met with a deputation from the national union of women 's suffrage societies ( nuwss ) , led by millicent fawcett , on 8 august 1913 , following a similar meeting by the nuwss with prime minister |
341 | hardinge commission | 1 | INSTANCE | however , the royal commission on the 1916 rebellion ( the hardinge commission ) was critical of birrell and nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the rising . |
342 | dillon | 1 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
343 | agitation | 1 | PROPERTY | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
344 | replace james bryce | 1 | PERSON | the defeat of the bill made it impossible for birrell to continue in his post , and in january 1907 he was appointed chief secretary for ireland , to replace james bryce who had been made ambassador to the united states . |
345 | nationalist leaders john redmond | 1 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
346 | royal commission | 1 | PERSON | however , the royal commission on the 1916 rebellion ( the hardinge commission ) was critical of birrell and nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the rising . |
347 | poet alfred | 1 | PERSON | his first wife , margaret mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson , daughter of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson , son of the poet alfred , lord tennyson . |
348 | aud | 1 | PERSON | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
349 | walter runciman | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
350 | edward carson | 1 | PERSON | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
351 | exchequer | 1 | AMOUNT | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
352 | sir henry duke personal details born | 1 | PERSON | in office 23 january 1907 - 3 may 1916 monarchs edward vii george v prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman h. h. asquith preceded by james bryce succeeded by sir henry duke personal details born ( 1850-01-19) 19 |
353 | political union | 1 | PLACE | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
354 | windus | 1 | PERSON | heinemann ltd . , 1924 * et cetera : a collection , chatto and windus , 1930 * |
355 | elections | 1 | PERSON | he retained his seat in the general elections of 1892 and 1895 , but in the general election of 1900 he stood in manchester north east and was defeated . |
356 | storms | 1 | STORM | in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the national university of ireland , but storms in the irish sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . |
357 | spy | 1 | RESOURCE | chief secretary for ireland council bill , universities bill and land bill birrell caricatured by spy for vanity fair , 1906 |
358 | indecision | 1 | DEFICIENCY | the quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in " ...the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the dublin industrial agitation of 1913 " . |
359 | irish volunteers | 1 | PERSON | a further threat to birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in november 1913 of the irish volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard home rule but in fact , under the influence of the irish republican brotherhood ( irb ) aiming to break the union with britain altogether . |
360 | capture | 1 | EVENT | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
361 | things past redress | 1 | ACT | his autobiography , things past redress , was published posthumously . |
362 | handbook | 1 | COLLECTION | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
363 | university college | 1 | INSTITUTION | from 1896 to 1899 he was professor of comparative law at university college , london . |
364 | bachelors | 1 | PERSON | however , none of these joined sir john simon ( home secretary ) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors , due to be enacted in january 1916 . |
365 | trade | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
366 | herbert gladstone | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's correspondence with campbell-bannerman and herbert gladstone are in the british library . |
367 | dublin castle | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
368 | office december | 1 | PERIOD |  |
369 | servant | 1 | PERSON | others , such as the irish civil servant , sir henry robinson , also praised the work birrell completed and highlighted in his memoirs the number of acts of parliament birrell was responsible for . |
370 | hanna sheehy skeffington | 1 | PERSON |  |
371 | formation | 1 | ACT | a further threat to birrell 's administration had arisen with the formation in november 1913 of the irish volunteers , ostensibly to safeguard home rule but in fact , under the influence of the irish republican brotherhood ( irb ) aiming to break the union with britain altogether . |
372 | wspu | 1 | UNKNOWN | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
373 | frankie | 1 | PERSON | they had two sons , one of whom , frankie ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist and critic and associated with the bloomsbury group . |
374 | barrister | 1 | PERSON | a barrister by training , he was also an author noted for humorous essays . |
375 | lord tennyson | 1 | PERSON | his first wife , margaret mirrielees , died in 1879 , only a year after their marriage , and in 1888 he married eleanor tennyson , daughter of the poet frederick locker-lampson and widow of lionel tennyson , son of the poet alfred , lord tennyson . |
376 | greystones | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
377 | third home rule bill | 1 | PERSON | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
378 | united states | 1 | PLACE | the defeat of the bill made it impossible for birrell to continue in his post , and in january 1907 he was appointed chief secretary for ireland , to replace james bryce who had been made ambassador to the united states . |
379 | criticisms | 1 | ACT | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
380 | prime minister h. h. asquith | 1 | PERSON | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
381 | frederick locker lampson | 1 | PERSON |  |
382 | approval | 1 | LANGUAGE | he had just sent approval for the arrest of the movement 's leaders on easter monday morning when he was told by viscount french , commander-in-chief of the british home forces , that the rising had begun . |
383 | exclusion proposals | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
384 | arthur balfour | 1 | PERSON | birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the irish crimes act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by arthur balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . |
385 | reginald mckenna | 1 | PERSON | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
386 | outbreak | 1 | OCCURRENCE | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
387 | poet frederick locker lampson | 1 | PERSON |  |
388 | none | 1 | PERSON | however , none of these joined sir john simon ( home secretary ) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors , due to be enacted in january 1916 . |
389 | bar | 1 | PLACE | he started work in a solicitor 's office in liverpool but was called to the bar in 1875 , becoming a kc in 1893 and a bencher of the inner temple in 1903 . |
390 | prime minister asquith | 1 | PERSON |  |
391 | people | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
392 | spheres | 1 | UNKNOWN | it solved the sectarian problem in higher education by dividing the protestant and catholic traditions into their own separate spheres and ensured catholic , nationalist scholars had access to university education . |
393 | journalist | 1 | PERSON | they had two sons , one of whom , frankie ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist and critic and associated with the bloomsbury group . |
394 | questions | 1 | QUESTION | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
395 | university | 1 | INSTITUTION | in this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for catholics . |
396 | sir john simon | 1 | PERSON | however , none of these joined sir john simon ( home secretary ) in resigning in protest at the conscription of bachelors , due to be enacted in january 1916 . |
397 | liberal dominated government | 1 | GOVERNMENT |  |
398 | liberal | 1 | PERSON | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
399 | passing | 1 | STATE | after the passing , with the support of the irish parliamentary party , of the parliament act 1911 , which restricted the power of the lords to veto bills , prime minister h. h. asquith introduced the third home rule bill on 16 april 1912 . |
400 | nationalist | 1 | PERSON | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
401 | r. b | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell also belonged to a group called the " new radicals " or " new liberals " , which also included h. h. asquith , r. b . haldane and sir edward grey . |
402 | transfer | 1 | SUBSTANCE | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
403 | month | 1 | PERIOD | birrell was included in the cabinet of sir henry campbell-bannerman as president of the board of education , and that month he was sworn of the privy council . |
404 | sanity | 1 | ACTION | birrell 's second wife eleanor had been suffering from an inoperable brain tumour and this eventually caused her to lose her sanity . |
405 | c. p. scott | 1 | PERSON | c. p. scott wrote in his diary that birrell feared he might require an operation to remove his kneecap and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician " to the end of his life . |
406 | hypocrite | 1 | PERSON | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
407 | farmers | 1 | IMAGE | in this post , he was praised for enabling tenant farmers to own their property and for extending university education for catholics . |
408 | negotiator | 1 | SUBSTANCE | in fact , by that stage lloyd george had effectively replaced birrell as the liberal government 's negotiator in the home rule discussions . |
409 | sir matthew nathan | 1 | PERSON | sir matthew nathan , birrell 's under-secretary since october 1914 , told him in september 1915 that the nationalist party was losing ground in the country and that extreme nationalists , often referred to as sinn féiners , were gaining support . |
410 | debate | 1 | STATE | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
411 | counties | 1 | LAND | birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when david lloyd george proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of ulster for a period of five to six years birrell responded by offering his resignation . |
412 | grievances | 1 | INSTANCE | birrell introduced the education bill 1906 , intended to address nonconformist grievances arising from the education act 1902 . |
413 | secretary | 1 | PERSON | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
414 | career | 1 | NUMBER | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
415 | bloomsbury group | 1 | GROUP | they had two sons , one of whom , frankie ( 1889-1935 ) was later a journalist and critic and associated with the bloomsbury group . |
416 | contemporaries | 1 | UNKNOWN | contemporaries also praised his achievement in carrying the land purchase ( ireland ) |
417 | offices | 1 | STATE | another affair , in which birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the irish crown jewels from dublin castle ( where the chief secretary had his offices ) in july 1907 . |
418 | failure | 1 | STATE | however , the royal commission on the 1916 rebellion ( the hardinge commission ) was critical of birrell and nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the rising . |
419 | irish reform association | 1 | INSTITUTION | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
420 | marquess | 1 | PERSON | in office 10 december 1905 - 23 january 1907 monarch edward vii prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman preceded by the marquess of londonderry succeeded by reginald mckenna chief secretary for ireland |
421 | british home forces | 1 | FORCE | he had just sent approval for the arrest of the movement 's leaders on easter monday morning when he was told by viscount french , commander-in-chief of the british home forces , that the rising had begun . |
422 | father in law | 1 | PERSON |  |
423 | access | 1 | INCREASE | it solved the sectarian problem in higher education by dividing the protestant and catholic traditions into their own separate spheres and ensured catholic , nationalist scholars had access to university education . |
424 | book reviews | 1 | ACT | he returned to literature with a further volume of essays and book reviews , more obiter dicta ( 1920 ) and a book on his father-in-law , frederick locker-lampson . |
425 | rule | 1 | RULE | macdonnell was a well-known advocate for home rule . |
426 | head | 1 | HEAD | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
427 | reasons | 1 | EVENT | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |
428 | months | 1 | PERIOD | however , the royal commission on the 1916 rebellion ( the hardinge commission ) was critical of birrell and nathan , in particular their failure to take action against the rebels in the weeks and months before the rising . |
429 | literature | 1 | DOCUMENT | he returned to literature with a further volume of essays and book reviews , more obiter dicta ( 1920 ) and a book on his father-in-law , frederick locker-lampson . |
430 | publication | 1 | ACTION | birrell found success as a writer with the publication of a volume of essays entitled obiter dicta in 1884 . |
431 | politician | 1 | PERSON | english politician ( 1850-1933 ) |
432 | sylvan | 1 | PERSON | he joined the sylvan debating club in 1872 . |
433 | scuttling | 1 | UNKNOWN | birrell had spent easter in london , where nathan had telegraphed him with news of the capture and scuttling of the arms ship the aud and the arrest of sir roger casement . |
434 | housing provisions | 1 | ACT | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
435 | energy | 1 | ENERGY | only after eleanor died in 1915 did birrell begin to regain some of his old energy and effectiveness as a minister . |
436 | english liberal party politician | 1 | PERSON | alma mater trinity hall , cambridge augustine birrell kc ( 19 january 1850 - 20 november 1933 ) was an english liberal party politician , who was chief secretary for ireland from 1907 to 1916 . |
437 | british library | 1 | PLACE | birrell 's correspondence with campbell-bannerman and herbert gladstone are in the british library . |
438 | rejection | 1 | PERSON | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
439 | trinity hall | 1 | PLACE | alma mater trinity hall , cambridge augustine birrell kc ( 19 january 1850 - 20 november 1933 ) was an english liberal party politician , who was chief secretary for ireland from 1907 to 1916 . |
440 | andrew marvell | 1 | PERSON | andrew marvell , macmillan , 1905 * selected essays : 1884-1907 , thomas nelson , 1909 * |
441 | diary | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | c. p. scott wrote in his diary that birrell feared he might require an operation to remove his kneecap and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician " to the end of his life . |
442 | herbert samuel | 1 | PERSON | correspondence with herbert samuel is in king 's college , cambridge . |
443 | james bryce | 1 | PERSON | in office 23 january 1907 - 3 may 1916 monarchs edward vii george v prime minister sir henry campbell-bannerman h. h. asquith preceded by james bryce succeeded by sir henry duke personal details born ( 1850-01-19) 19 |
444 | sir antony macdonnell | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
445 | widnes | 1 | UNKNOWN | after unsuccessfully contesting parliamentary seats in liverpool , walton in 1885 and widnes in 1886 , birrell was elected to parliament for west fife at a by-election in 1889 , as a liberal . |
446 | attempt | 1 | ACTION | while he did not believe there was any serious attempt to injure him , in trying to escape he twisted his knee and " slipped the knee-cap " . |
447 | affair | 1 | ACTION | another affair , in which birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the irish crown jewels from dublin castle ( where the chief secretary had his offices ) in july 1907 . |
448 | william hazlitt | 1 | PERSON | william hazlitt , macmillan , 1902 * eight years of tory government , 1895-1903 ; home affairs ; handbook for the use of liberals london , 1903 * |
449 | inner temple | 1 | PERSON | he started work in a solicitor 's office in liverpool but was called to the bar in 1875 , becoming a kc in 1893 and a bencher of the inner temple in 1903 . |
450 | et cetera | 1 | PERSON | heinemann ltd . , 1924 * et cetera : a collection , chatto and windus , 1930 * |
451 | front | 1 | PLACE | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
452 | housing | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
453 | dublin castle administration | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
454 | militancy | 1 | QUALITY | like many of his political colleagues and members of the general public , birrell strongly disapproved of the militancy and violence of the women 's social and political union ( wspu ; suffragettes ) . |
455 | realignment | 1 | ACT | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
456 | meaning | 1 | PURPOSE | the bill passed the liberal-dominated house of commons comfortably , but the house of lords , with a conservative majority , passed wrecking amendments which undermined its meaning , and the government dropped it . |
457 | land reform | 1 | PERSON | while serving in government , birrell supported a number of progressive measures and proposals such as expanded housing provisions , land reform , and substantial increases in education spending at both primary and secondary level . |
458 | son anthony | 1 | PERSON | birrell with his son anthony and katharine asquith while birrell 's first phase as chief secretary was a clear success , the period from about 1912 onwards saw something of a decline in birrell 's career which was also mirrored in his domestic life . |
459 | hilda webb | 1 | PERSON | birrell and women 's suffrage plaque in greystones , ireland commemorating the events of 25 october 1910 , when hanna sheehy-skeffington and hilda webb challenged birrell on the suffrage issue . |
460 | party | 1 | PERSON | january 1850 wavertree , liverpool , england died 20 november 1933 ( 1933-11-20 ) ( aged 83 ) london , england political party liberal spouse(s ) margaret mirrielees ( d. 1879 ) eleanor tennyson ( d. 1915 ) |
461 | liberal dominated house | 1 | PLACE |  |
462 | george wyndham | 1 | PERSON | birrell 's first under-secretary and head of irish civil service at dublin castle administration was sir antony macdonnell , who had worked successfully with a previous chief secretary , george wyndham , on the land purchase ( ireland ) |
463 | privy council | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | birrell was included in the cabinet of sir henry campbell-bannerman as president of the board of education , and that month he was sworn of the privy council . |
464 | autobiography | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | his autobiography , things past redress , was published posthumously . |
465 | copyright | 1 | ACT | these , despite their titles , were not concerned with law , but he also wrote books on copyright and on trusts . |
466 | coalition | 1 | GROUP | however , on the collapse of asquith 's liberal-dominated government in may 1915 and its replacement with a coalition involving carson , the implementation of home rule at any stage became moot . |
467 | ambassador | 1 | RANK | the defeat of the bill made it impossible for birrell to continue in his post , and in january 1907 he was appointed chief secretary for ireland , to replace james bryce who had been made ambassador to the united states . |
468 | constitutional crises | 1 | UNKNOWN | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
469 | historian | 1 | PERSON | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
470 | end | 1 | UNKNOWN | c. p. scott wrote in his diary that birrell feared he might require an operation to remove his kneecap and joked that , if he did , he would remain " a weak-kneed politician " to the end of his life . |
471 | irish volunteer organisers | 1 | PERSON | nathan took measures such as suppressing newspapers and forcing irish volunteer organisers to leave the country . |
472 | december birrell | 1 | PERSON |  |
473 | contents | 1 | PERSON | birrell had been seen as a poor advocate for the bill , although he complained privately that it was mainly lloyd george 's work , and that he himself had had little say over its contents . |
474 | position | 1 | POSITION | at a convention of the united irish league , opposition was so strong that redmond changed his position ; the convention rejected the bill and the government was unable to proceed with it . |
475 | passage | 1 | ACT | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
476 | training | 1 | ACTION | a barrister by training , he was also an author noted for humorous essays . |
477 | protestant | 1 | PERSON | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
478 | liberals london | 1 | PLACE | william hazlitt , macmillan , 1902 * eight years of tory government , 1895-1903 ; home affairs ; handbook for the use of liberals london , 1903 * |
479 | historian ronan | 1 | PERSON | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
480 | thomas mckinnon wood | 1 | WOOD | other ministers present included lloyd george , john simon , francis dyke acland and thomas mckinnon wood . |
481 | crime | 1 | EVENT | birrell suffered further embarrassment when he sought to discontinue the use of the irish crimes act 1887 , a coercive measure introduced by arthur balfour to deal with agrarian crime , only to be faced with an increase in cattle-driving . |
482 | university belfast | 1 | PLACE | his excellent relations with both roman catholic and protestant church leaders such as the archbishop of dublin william walsh ensured the successful passage of the irish universities bill 1908 , which established the national university of ireland and queen 's university belfast and dissolved the royal university of ireland . |
483 | irish crown jewels | 1 | PERSON | another affair , in which birrell was not directly involved but for which he had to take part of the blame , was the theft of the irish crown jewels from dublin castle ( where the chief secretary had his offices ) in july 1907 . |
484 | book | 1 | ENTITY | he returned to literature with a further volume of essays and book reviews , more obiter dicta ( 1920 ) and a book on his father-in-law , frederick locker-lampson . |
485 | absentia | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the national university of ireland , but storms in the irish sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . |
486 | life birrell | 1 | PERSON |  |
487 | parliamentary archives | 1 | UNKNOWN | his correspondence with lloyd george is in the parliamentary archives . |
488 | parliamentary procedures | 1 | PROCEDURE | this use of dilatory parliamentary procedures and wrecking amendments over the education bill began a period of political tension between the commons and lords which ultimately concluded with the lords ' rejection of the people 's budget of 1909 , sparking the constitutional crises of 1909-11 . |
489 | crossing | 1 | STATE | in 1929 , he accepted an honorary doctorate from the national university of ireland , but storms in the irish sea prevented him from making the crossing and he had to receive his degree in absentia . |
490 | act | 1 | ACT | act 1902 § |
491 | chancellor | 1 | PERSON | in the latter part of 1915 , birrell was one of those liberal ministers ( others being reginald mckenna ( chancellor of the exchequer ) , walter runciman ( president of the board of trade ) and sir edward grey ( foreign secretary ) ) who were unhappy at the realignment of britain 's war effort towards conscription , total war and a massive commitment of troops to the western front , as advocated by the cigs archibald murray . |
492 | land bill birrell | 1 | PERSON | chief secretary for ireland council bill , universities bill and land bill birrell caricatured by spy for vanity fair , 1906 |
493 | irish council bill | 1 | PERSON | birrell modified macdonnell 's proposal and on 7 may 1907 introduced the irish council bill . |
494 | nationalist scholars | 1 | PERSON | it solved the sectarian problem in higher education by dividing the protestant and catholic traditions into their own separate spheres and ensured catholic , nationalist scholars had access to university education . |
495 | commander in chief | 1 | PERSON |  |
496 | destroyer | 1 | SHIP | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
497 | contact | 1 | ACT | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
498 | telegraph | 1 | PORTION | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
499 | ulster counties | 1 | PLACE | the bill was introduced for the third time in july 1914 , this time along with an amending bill allowing for the exclusion of some of the ulster counties , but with the outbreak of world war i the bill was passed without further debate , with its implementation suspended until after the war . |
500 | home affairs | 1 | ACTION | william hazlitt , macmillan , 1902 * eight years of tory government , 1895-1903 ; home affairs ; handbook for the use of liberals london , 1903 * |
501 | things past redress london | 1 | PLACE | things past redress london , 1937 papers |
502 | danger | 1 | AMOUNT | birrell himself felt that the danger of a bomb outrage was greater than that of an insurrection . |
503 | lambeth palace | 1 | PERSON | other collections can be found in the national library of ireland , lambeth palace , national library of scotland and trinity college dublin . |
504 | compromise | 1 | EVENT | birrell was opposed to the exclusion of any part of the country and when david lloyd george proposed a compromise involving the exclusion of six of the nine counties of ulster for a period of five to six years birrell responded by offering his resignation . |
505 | acceptance | 1 | PURPOSE | historian ronan fanning , in a newspaper article , has described him as " the arch hypocrite " because of his public criticisms of such exclusion proposals , but private acceptance of same . |
506 | devolution | 1 | EVENT | macdonnell 's proposals for what was called " devolution " - the transfer of local powers to ireland under a central authority - adopted by the irish reform association 's - had encountered strong opposition from unionists , leading eventually to wyndham 's resignation . |
507 | ulster volunteers | 1 | PLACE | the unionists , led in ireland by edward carson and in britain by tory leader bonar law , formed a private army , the ulster volunteers , to resist enforcement of the act , and carson proposed an amendment excluding ulster from the scope of the bill . |
508 | easter monday morning | 1 | PERSON | he had just sent approval for the arrest of the movement 's leaders on easter monday morning when he was told by viscount french , commander-in-chief of the british home forces , that the rising had begun . |
509 | defeat | 1 | ACT | the defeat of the bill made it impossible for birrell to continue in his post , and in january 1907 he was appointed chief secretary for ireland , to replace james bryce who had been made ambassador to the united states . |
510 | hours | 1 | PERIOD | he maintained contact with nathan by telegraph and answered questions in parliament on tuesday and wednesday , then travelled by destroyer to dublin , arriving in the early hours of thursday morning . |
511 | sir james bryce | 1 | PERSON | this proposal ultimately passed from sir james bryce with birrell inheriting the bill . |
512 | right honourable augustine birrell kc president | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable augustine birrell kc president of the board of education |
513 | effectiveness | 1 | PERSON | only after eleanor died in 1915 did birrell begin to regain some of his old energy and effectiveness as a minister . |
514 | record | 1 | NUMBER | in 1903 he edited eight years of tory government , a " handbook for the use of liberals " , which attacked the incumbent conservative administration 's record on issues such as housing and worker 's compensation . |
515 | nothing | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the bill was initially welcomed by nationalist leaders john redmond and john dillon , and opposed , for different reasons , by unionists and by more radical nationalists who wanted nothing less than home rule for ireland . |

## Objects sorted by category

Categoría | Objetos
PERSON | advocate andrew marvell anthony archbishop arrest arthur balfour asquith aud augustine birrell author authority bachelors barrister bencher bill blame bomb outrage by election c. p. scott cambridge cambridge augustine birrell kc campbell bannerman carson catholic chancellor charles scribner chatto chief secretary cigs archibald murray colleagues commander in chief content contents daughter david lloyd george december birrell decline dillon dublin castle dublin castle administration dublin william walsh easter easter monday morning easter rising education bill edward carson effectiveness eleanor eleanor tennyson election elections elliot stock english liberal party politician et cetera father in law foreign secretary francis francis dyke acland frankie frederick locker lampson george wyndham h. h. asquith haldane hanna sheehy skeffington harriet jane grey herbert gladstone herbert samuel hilda webb historian historian ronan home rule bill sketch home secretary hypocrite inner temple ireland council bill irish council bill irish crown jewels irish parliamentary party irish party leaders irish republican brotherhood irish sea irish universities bill irish volunteer organisers irish volunteers james bryce january wavertree john dillon john redmond john simon journalist katharine asquith while birrell king lambeth palace land bill birrell land commission land purchase land reform laurence ginnell law leaders lewis harcourt liberal liberals life birrell lionel tennyson lloyd george lord rector lord tennyson lords macdonnell macmillan manchester north east margaret mirrielees marquess men millicent fawcett ministers murray nathan nationalist nationalist leaders john redmond nationalist scholars nationalists nelson none parliament birrell party party liberal spouse s poet alfred poet frederick locker lampson politician politics augustine birrell president prime minister asquith prime minister h. h. asquith professor protestant protestant church leaders purchase queen rebels redmond reginald mckenna reginald mckenna chief secretary rejection replace james bryce res judicatae rev henry grey rev. charles mitchell birrell right honourable augustine birrell kc president royal commission runciman secretary servant sinn féiners sir antony macdonnell sir edward carson sir edward grey sir henry campbell bannerman sir henry duke personal details born sir henry robinson sir james bryce sir john simon sir matthew nathan sir roger casement solicitor son son anthony sons stage lloyd george suffragettes sylvan third home rule bill thomas nelson thursday morning tory leader bonar law trade trinity college dublin under secretary unionist politicians unionists universities bill vanity fair w. heinemann walter runciman walton weak kneed politician west fife wife wife eleanor william hazlitt windus women work birrell worker writer wyndham years birrell zeal
PLACE | alma mater trinity hall areas bar birrell bodleian bodleian library bristol north britain british library country dublin edinburgh england front house knee cap liberal dominated house liberals london liverpool london londonderry more obiter dicta national library national union nationalist ireland new liberals new radicals office political union scotland things past redress london trinity hall ulster ulster counties ulster volunteers union united irish league united states university belfast viscount french wavertree western front
ACT | achievement act administration amending assessment book reviews contact copyright criticisms defeat departure education act exclusion formation housing provisions irish crimes act marriage meeting parliament act passage protest provisions realignment replacement resignation success suffrage plaque support theft things past redress tradition traditions
PERIOD | april august day december eight years hours january july may month months november october office december office january period september time tuesday wednesday weeks year
EVENT | amendment amendments cabinet capture compromise crime crisis devolution events home rule discussions issues life problem reasons relief scope social suffrage issue war world war
ACTION | action affair attempt cattle driving contributory factor home affairs influence insurrection operation publication sanity titles training violence war effort
ABSTRACT ENTITY | autobiography compensation diary exclusion proposals kind kneecap memoirs nothing parliamentary seats proposal proposals seat
STATE | congestion crossing debate failure knee members offices opposition parliamentary duties passing threat
INSTITUTION | amersham hall school club college glasgow university ireland irish civil service irish reform association national university royal university university university college
GOVERNMENT | government liberal dominated government liberal government rebellion rising tory government
HUMAN GROUP | army movement parliament people privy council troops
QUALITY | humour militancy public quality tension
COLLECTION | collection collections embarrassment handbook strain
PROCESS | degree doctorate education implementation university education
NUMBER | board career number record
GROUP | bloomsbury group coalition combination group
AMOUNT | danger exchequer ground volume
PURPOSE | acceptance letters meaning
PROPERTY | agitation majority property
RULE | home rule policy rule
INSTANCE | commission grievances hardinge commission
DOCUMENT | bills level literature
HUMAN ROLE | baptist minister minister prime minister
SUBSTANCE | negotiator transfer
SIMILARITY | correspondence family correspondence
INCREASE | access increase
SERIES | second series series
FORCE | british home forces nationalist party
POWER | power powers
LAND | counties land
CONDITION | enforcement regret
QUESTION | land question questions
LANGUAGE | approval arms
RANK | ambassador response
ACTIVITY | feelings work
NAME | collapse name
MEASURE | measure measures
INFORMATION | information news
RELATION | relations
OCCURRENCE | outbreak
IMAGE | farmers
RESOURCE | spy
STAGE | stage
COMMITMENT | commitment
PORTION | telegraph
PROCEDURE | parliamentary procedures
ARTIFACT | convention
SPEECH ACT | newspapers
QUANTITY | papers
ENERGY | energy
SHIP | destroyer
ARTICLE | newspaper article
DEFICIENCY | indecision
DOCUMENT PART | budget
HEAD | head
SET | honorary fellow
COGNITIVE STATE | finance
USE | use
POSITION | position
UNIT | conscription
AGREEMENT | possibility
FIGURE | figures
TRUST | trusts
SYSTEM | moot
SITUATION | situation
WOOD | thomas mckinnon wood
STORM | storms
TUMOUR | brain tumour
ENTITY | book