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English suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) Jane Cobden Portrait , 1890s Born Emma Jane Catherine Cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 April 1851 Paddington , London , England Died 7 July 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) Fernhurst , Sussex , England Political party Liberal Spouse Thomas Fisher Unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ Father Richard Cobden Relatives Anne Cobden-Sanderson ( sister ) Emma Jane Catherine Cobden ( 28 April 1851 - 7 July 1947 ) was a British Liberal politician who was active in many radical causes . A daughter of the Victorian reformer and statesman Richard Cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural London County Council in 1889 . Her election was controversial ; legal challenges to her eligibility hampered and eventually prevented her from serving as a councillor . From her youth Jane Cobden , together with her sisters , sought to protect and develop the legacy of her father . She remained committed throughout her life to the " Cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for Irish independence from Britain and for women 's suffrage . Although she was sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister Anne Cobden-Sanderson , who chose to campaign using militant , illegal methods , she kept her own activities within the law . She stayed in the Liberal Party , despite her profound disagreement with its stance on the suffrage issue . After her marriage to the publisher Thomas Fisher Unwin in 1892 , Jane Cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . As a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the Boer War of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . In the years prior to World War I she opposed Joseph Chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the Liberal Party 's revival of the land reform issue . In the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old Cobden family residence , Dunford House , to the Cobden Memorial Association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined Cobdenism . Early years Family background and childhood Jane Cobden was born on 28 April 1851 in Westbourne Terrace , London . She was the third daughter and fourth child of Richard Cobden , who at the time of her birth was a Radical MP for the West Riding . With John Bright he had co-founded the Anti-Corn Law League which in the 1840s had spearheaded the successful campaign for the abolition of the Corn Laws . Jane 's mother was Catherine Anne , née Williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from Machynlleth in Wales ; the older Cobden children were Richard ( " Dick " ) , born 1841 ; Kate , born 1844 ; and Ellen , born 1848 . Two further daughters followed Jane : Anne , born 1853 , and Lucy , born 1861 . In the 1830s , Richard had handed control of his prosperous calico-printing business to his brothers , so that he could concentrate on public service . By 1849 , the business was failing and Richard was close to financial ruin . He was saved from bankruptcy by a public subscription which not only settled his debts but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse in which he had been born in 1804 , at Dunford , near Heyshott in Sussex . He rebuilt the property as a large villa , Dunford House , which became Jane Cobden 's childhood home from the beginning of 1854 . In April 1856 Dick , who was at school at Weinheim in Germany , died there after a short illness . The news was a devastating shock to the family , and caused Richard 's temporary withdrawal from public life . This hiatus was prolonged when , in 1857 , he lost his parliamentary seat . He returned to the House of Commons in May 1859 , as Liberal MP for Rochdale . Because of his many absences from home , on parliamentary and other business , Richard Cobden was a somewhat remote figure to his daughters , although his letters indicate that he felt warmly towards them and that he wished to direct their political education . In later years they would all acknowledge his influence over their ideas . Both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; Jane Cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . She and her younger sister Anne , at the ages of 12 and 10 respectively , taught classes in the local village school . The girls were encouraged by their father to contribute what money they possessed to relieve local poverty : " Do not keep the money ... as you have now made up your minds to give it to poor sufferers , let your own neighbours have it . Your Mama will tell you how to dispose of it , and tell me all about it " . Sisterhood Richard Cobden died after a severe bronchial attack on 2 April 1865 , a few weeks before Jane 's 14th birthday . There followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " Cobden Tribute Fund " by his friends and followers . After their father 's death Jane and Anne attended Warrington Lodge school in Maida Hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . In this difficult time , Catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's Political Writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " Ladies Petition " , an event that the historian Sophia Van Wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . " No more aimless wanderings abroad for me , I shall enter into the Women 's Suffrage Campaign and so have a real interest in life " . From Jane Cobden 's 1875 diary . In 1869 Dunford House was let . Catherine and her four younger daughters moved to a house in South Kensington — the eldest , Kate , had married in 1866 . The ménage proved unsatisfactory ; Ellen , Jane and Anne were now displaying considerable independence of spirit , and differences of opinion arose between mother and daughters . Catherine moved out , taking the youngest daughter Lucy , and went to Wales where she lived until her death in 1877 . In South Kensington , Ellen , Jane and Anne , often joined by Kate , established a sisterhood determined both to preserve Richard Cobden 's memory and works and to uphold his principles and radical causes by actions of their own . Together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , Julie Salis Schwabe . This caused some offence ; Schwabe had given the family financial and emotional support after Richard 's death . However , Jane in particular wanted a more substantial memorial , and secured the services of John Morley , whose biography of Richard Cobden was published in 1881 . During these years Jane often travelled abroad . In London , she and her sisters extended their range of acquaintances into literary and artistic circles ; among their new friends were the writer George MacDonald and the Pre-Raphaelites William and Jane Morris and Edward Burne-Jones . Ellen later married the painter Walter Sickert . Jane developed an interest in the question of women 's suffrage after attending a conference in London , in 1871 . In 1875 she made a specific commitment to this cause , although she did not become active in the movement for several years . In the meantime , in 1879 , she helped to found the Cobden Club in Heyshott , close to her father 's birthplace . Early campaigns Women 's suffrage From the late 1870s the Cobden sisters began to follow different pathways . Anne married Thomas Sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the Morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . After her marriage to Sickert failed , Ellen became a novelist . Jane became an active Liberal , on the radical wing of the party . In about 1879 she became a member of the National Society for Women 's Suffrage , which had been founded in 1867 in the wake of the 1866 " Ladies Petition " . Jane joined the National Society 's finance committee , and by 1880 was serving as its treasurer . That year she was a speaker at a " Grand Demonstration " at St James 's Hall , London , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in Bradford . In 1883 she attended a conference in Leeds , jointly organised by the National Liberal Federation and the National Reform Union , where she supported a motion proposed by Henry William Crosskey and seconded by Walter McLaren ( John Bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . The National Society 's general stance was cautious ; it avoided close identification with political parties , and for this reason would not accept affiliation from branches of the Women 's Liberal Federation . This , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " Central National Society " ( CNS ) . Jane joined the executive committee of the new body , which encouraged the affiliation of Women 's Liberal Associations and hoped that a future Liberal government would grant women 's enfranchisement . However , the more radical members of the CNS felt that its commitment to votes for married women was too half-hearted . In 1889 this group , which included Jane Cobden and Emmeline Pankhurst , formed the Women 's Franchise League ( WFL ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . Ireland In 1848 , Richard Cobden had written : " Almost every crime and outrage in Ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if I had the power , I would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . In other words , I would give Ireland to the Irish " . Nevertheless , his views were held in the context of Unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " Young Ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . Jane adopted her father 's standpoint on Irish land reform , yet embraced the cause of Irish home rule—on which she lectured regularly — and was a strong supporter of the Land League . After visiting Ireland with the Women 's Mission to Ireland in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages of the English press to expose the mistreatment of evicted tenants . In a letter to The Times , Jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the Ryan family of Cloughbready in County Tipperary—to illustrate the British government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . Jane sent money and food to alleviate the Ryan family 's distress . Jane was in contact with Irish Land League leaders , including John Dillon and William O'Brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the Protection of Person and Property Act 1881 . She and her sisters supported the Irish Plan of Campaign , a scheme whereby tenants acted collectively to secure fair rents from their landlords . This plan was eventually denounced by the Roman Catholic Church as contrary to natural justice and Christian charity , although some priests supported it . The attachment of Jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in Ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former Liberal Unionist colleagues , but won approval from Thomas Bayley Potter , who had succeeded Richard Cobden as MP for Rochdale . In October 1887 he wrote to Jane : " You are true to the living and just instincts of your father ... You know your father 's heart better than John Bright does " . London County Council election 1889 A Jane Cobden campaign poster , January 1889 Under the Municipal Corporations Act 1882 some women were qualified to vote in municipal elections , but were excluded from serving as councillors . However , the Local Government Act 1888 , which created county councils , was interpreted by some as allowing women 's election to these new bodies . On 17 November 1888 a group of Liberal women decided to test the legal position . They formed the Society for Promoting the Return of Women as County Councillors ( SPRWCC ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— Jane Cobden and Margaret Sandhurst — as Liberal candidates for the newly created London County Council . Cobden was adopted by the party 's Bow and Bromley division , and Sandhurst by Brixton . Despite objections from the Conservatives , the women 's nominations were accepted by the local returning officers . Cobden 's campaign in Bow and Bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old George Lansbury , then a Radical Liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the Labour Party . Both Cobden and Sandhurst were victorious in the elections on 19 January 1889 ; they were joined by Emma Cons , whom the Progressive majority on the council selected to serve as an alderman . The women took their places on the inaugural council , and each accepted a range of committee assignments . Almost immediately , however , Sandhurst 's defeated Conservative opponent , Beresford Hope , lodged a legal challenge against her election . When this was heard on 18 March , the judges ruled Sandhurst disqualified under the provisions of the 1882 Act . Her appeal was dismissed , and Beresford Hope was installed in her place . Cobden faced no such challenge , since her runner-up was a fellow-Liberal who had promised to support her . Even so , her position on the council remained precarious , particularly after an attempt in parliament to legalise women 's rights to serve as county councillors gained little support . A provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice Cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until February 1890 . When the statutory twelve months elapsed without challenge , she resumed her full range of duties . Although Cobden was now protected from challenge , the Conservative member for Westminster , Sir Walter De Souza , instituted fresh court proceedings against both Cobden and Cons . He argued that since they had been elected or selected unlawfully , their votes in the council had likewise been unlawful , making them liable to heavy financial penalties . In court the judge ruled against both women , though on appeal in April 1891 the penalties were reduced from an original £250 to a nominal £5 . Cobden was urged by Lansbury and others not to pay even this token , but to go to prison ; she declined this course of action . After a further parliamentary attempt to resolve the situation failed , she sat out the remaining months of her term as a councillor in silence , neither speaking nor voting , and did not seek re-election in the 1892 county elections . Women did not receive the right to sit on county councils until 1907 , with the passage of the Qualification of Women Act . In his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian Jonathan Schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official Liberalism " , citing in particular Lansbury 's departure from the Liberal Party in 1892 . Schneer also remarks that this " pioneering political venture of British feminism ... provides at once an anticipation of , and a direct contrast to , the militant suffragism of the Edwardian era " . Marriage , wider interests In 1892 , at the age of 41 , Cobden married Thomas Fisher Unwin , an avant-garde publisher whose list included works by Henrik Ibsen , Friedrich Nietzsche , H. G. Wells and the young Somerset Maugham . Unwin 's involvement in a range of world and humanitarian causes led Cobden— who adopted the surname " Cobden Unwin " —to extend her interests to international peace and justice , reform in the Congo , and more generally the rights of aboriginal peoples . She and Unwin opposed the Boer War ( 1899-1902 ) ; both were founder-members of the pro-Boer South African Conciliation Committee , Cobden acting as the committee 's secretary . The couple settled in South Kensington , from where Cobden continued to pursue her own causes . In 1893 , with Laura Ormiston Chant , she represented the WFL in Chicago at the World Congress of Representative Women . At home , she assisted women candidates in the 1894 Kensington " vestry " elections . In 1900 she accepted the presidency of the Brighton Women 's Liberal Association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , The Recent Development of Violence in our Midst , published by the Stop-the-War Committee . Edwardian campaigner Votes for women , 1903-14 Members of the Women 's Social and Political Union campaigning for women 's suffrage in London , around 1910 Although Cobden 's views were more progressive than those of the Liberal Party 's mainstream , she stayed a member of the party , believing that it remained the best political vehicle whereby her causes could be advanced . Other suffragists , including Anne Cobden Sanderson , took a different view , and aligned themselves with socialist movements . When the Women 's Social and Political Union ( WSPU ) began its militant campaign in 1905 , Cobden refrained from participation in illegal actions , although she spoke out for her sister when Anne became one of the first suffragists to be sent to prison , after a demonstration outside Parliament in October 1906 . On Anne 's release a month later , Cobden and her husband attended a celebration banquet at the Savoy Hotel , together with other WSPU prisoners . Cobden moved closer to the militant wing in 1907 when she endorsed the WSPU 's new magazine , Votes for Women . That year she hosted an " At Home " meeting at which the WSPU leader Christabel Pankhurst was the principal speaker . The WSPU was split when members who objected to the Pankhurst family 's authoritarian leadership formed themselves into the Women 's Freedom League ; Cobden did not join Anne in the breakaway movement , although she supported its associated body , the Women 's Tax Resistance League . In 1911 , Cobden was responsible for the Indian women 's delegation in the Women 's Coronation Procession , a London demonstration organised by suffrage associations from Britain and the Empire . The procession marched on 17 June 1911 , a few days before King George V's coronation . During 1910-12 several Conciliation Bills extending the parliamentary vote to a limited number of propertied women , were debated in the House of Commons . When the third of these was under discussion , Cobden sought the help of the Irish Parliamentary Party by reminding them of the support women had given to Ireland during the Land League agitation : " In the name of those 40,000 Englishwomen we urge you to support at every division this Bill by your presence and your vote " . The bill was finally abandoned when the Liberal prime minister , H. H. Asquith , replaced it with a bill extending the male suffrage . In protest against the Liberal government 's suffrage policies and its harsh treatment of militants , Cobden resigned her honorary presidency of the Women 's Liberal Association in Rochdale , her father 's last constituency . Social , political and humanitarian activities Jane Cobden Although the cause of women 's suffrage remained her principal concern , at least until the First World War , Cobden was active in other campaigns . In 1903 she defended the principles of free trade , as expressed by her father , against Joseph Chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade . Chamberlain had called for a policy of Imperial Preference , and the imposition of tariffs against countries opposed to Britain 's imperial interests . To a meeting in Manchester , Cobden expressed confidence that " Manchester ... will tell Mr Chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . In 1904 , Richard Cobden 's centenary year , she published The Hungry Forties , described by Anthony Howe in a biographical article as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract " . It was one of several free trade books and pamphlets issued by the Fisher Unwin press which , together with celebratory centenary events , helped to define free trade as a major progressive cause of the Edwardian era . The Cobdenite cause of land reform was revived in the 1900s as a major Liberal policy , helped in 1913 by the publication of Jane Cobden 's book The Land Hunger : Life under Monopoly . The dedication read : " To the memory of Richard Cobden who loved his native land , these pages are dedicated by his daughter , in the hope that his desire — ' Free Trade in Land ' — may be fulfilled " . Cobden did not confine her interests to domestic affairs . From 1906 , along with Helen Bright Clark , she was an active member of the Aborigines ' Protection Society , an organisation concerned with the rights of indigenous peoples under colonial rule ; the society merged with the Anti-Slavery Society in 1909 . In 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman , on behalf of the Friends of Russian Freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the Hague Convention , then in session in Geneva Her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in London and Dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in Tripoli . She also found time to act as secretary to the memorial fund for Emma Cons , after the latter 's death in 1912 . Late campaigns During the war years 1914-18 , with the issue of women 's suffrage quiescent , Cobden became increasingly involved in South African affairs . She supported Solomon Plaatje 's campaign against the segregationist Natives ' Land Act of 1913 , a stance that led , in 1917 , to her removal from the committee of the Anti-Slavery Society . The Society 's line was to support the Botha government 's land reform policy ; Cobden denounced Sir John Harris , the Society 's parliamentary representative , for being a false friend to the native people by secretly working against them . Cobden maintained her commitment to the cause of Irish independence , and offered personal help to victims of the Black and Tans during the Irish War of Independence , 1919-21 . In 1920 , Cobden gave Dunford House to the London School of Economics ( LSE ) , of which she had become a governor . According to Beatrice Webb , co-founder of the School , she soon regretted the gift ; Webb wrote in her diary on 2 May 1923 : " The poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . Later in 1923 , LSE returned the house to Cobden ; in 1928 she donated it to the Cobden Memorial Association . With the help of the writer and journalist Francis Wrigley Hirst and others , the house became a conference and education centre for pursuing the traditional Cobdenite causes of free trade , peace and goodwill . Final years , death and legacy After 1928 , Jane Cobden 's chief occupation was the organisation of her father 's papers , some of which she placed in the British Museum . Others were eventually collected , with other Cobden family documents , by the West Sussex County Council Record Office at Chichester . In old age she lived quietly at Oatscroft , her home near Dunford House , and following her husband 's death in 1935 made few interventions in public life . During the 1930s , under Hirst 's direction , Dunford House continued to preach what Howe describes as " the pure milk of the Cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in Britain and in continental Europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . Jane Cobden died , aged 96 , on 7 July 1947 , at Whitehanger Nursing Home in Fernhurst , Surrey . In the years following her death her papers were collected and deposited as part of the family archive in Chichester . In 1952 Dunford House was transferred to the YMCA , although its general educational functions and mission remained unchanged . The house contains numerous memorabilia of the Cobden family . Howe depicts Jane Cobden as a formidable personality , known by her husband 's publishing colleagues as " The Jane " , who took a keen and even intrusive interest in the work of the publishing house . She was , Howe says , " a woman of sentiment and enthusiasm who took up ( and sometimes speedily dropped ) causes with a fire which brooked no opposition " . In an essay on the Cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian Sarah Richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " Jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of Liberalism " . Richardson indicates that the main collective achievement of Jane and her sisters was to ensure that the Cobden name , with its radical and progressive associations , survived well into the 20th century . " In doing so " , Richardson concludes , " they proved themselves worthy successors to their father , guaranteeing that his contribution was not only sustained , but remodelled for a new age " . Notes and references Notes 1 . ^ Morley 's biography of Richard Cobden records Dick 's death , but does not name him . The book makes no references to any of the Cobden daughters . 2. ^ A French version of Schwabe 's book was published in Paris ; the English version was delayed until 1895 , when it was published by Thomas Fisher Unwin , who had by then become Jane 's husband . 3 . ^ Morley had never met Richard Cobden , but was given full access to the family 's papers . Morley 's own biographer , Richard Jackson , describes the Cobden book as " overlong " and uncritical , though " an unpretentious and attractive personality emerges clearly " . 4 . ^ According to the historian Michael J. F . O' Donnell , the principles of the Plan of Campaign were : " The tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . These sums , if refused by the landlord , were pooled and divided by the association for the maintenance of those tenants who were evicted " . 5. ^ In 1889 Jane Cobden 's portrait was painted by her friend Emily Osborn , with whom she was then sharing a house . The portrait was exhibited at the Society of Lady Artists in 1891 , and was later installed in the council chamber of the London County Council ( LCC ) . In 1989 it was cut from its frame and stolen , after the abolition of the LCC 's successor body , the Greater London Council . 6 . ^ The funds eventually went to the Old Vic theatre , which Cons 's niece Lilian Baylis developed from the " Royal Victoria Coffee Music Hall " established by Cons in 1880 . 7 . ^ The women 's suffrage campaigns were suspended on the outbreak of war in 1914 . Younger women volunteered in large numbers to help the war effort ; in July 1915 Christabel Pankhurst led a " right to serve " march down Whitehall . Partly in recognition of women 's contributions , the Representation of the People Act 1918 extended the parliamentary franchise to women over 30 , subject to a property qualification . Citations 1 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^i ^j ^k ^l ^m ^n ^o ^p ^q Howe , Anthony ( May 2006 ) . " Unwin , ( Emma ) Jane Catherine Cobden " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/38683 . Retrieved 16 March 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 2 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Taylor , Miles ( May 2009 ) . " Cobden , Richard " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/5741 . Retrieved 16 March 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 3 . ^ Morley , pp. 117-18 4 . ^ " The Cobden Archives " . West Sussex County Council . Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 16 March 2013 . 5. ^ Rogers , pp. 84-91 6 . ^ Rogers , pp. 115-16 7 . ^ ^a ^b Morley , pp . 645-50 and pp. 965-72 8 . ^ Morley , p. 657 9 . ^ Morley , p. 689 10 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Richardson , pp. 235-36 11 . ^ Rogers , pp. 175-76 12 . ^ ^a ^b Rogers , p. 178 13 . ^ Rogers , p. 179 14 . ^ Van Wingerden , pp. 1-2 15 . ^ Rogers , pp. 180-81 16 . ^ ^a ^b ^c Richardson , p. 231 17 . ^ Jackson , p. 76 18 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Crawford , pp . 694-96 19 . ^ ^a ^b Howe , Anthony ( January 2004 ) . " Sanderson , ( Julia Sarah ) Anne Cobden " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/56224 . Retrieved 17 March 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 20 . ^ Rosen , pp. 6-7 21 . ^ Crawford , p. 154 22 . ^ Howarth , Janet ( October 2007 ) . " Fawcett , Dame Millicent Garrett " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/33096 . Retrieved 17 March 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 23 . ^ Crawford , pp. 103-04 24 . ^ Rosen , p. 17 25 . ^ Letter 28 October 1848 , quoted in Morley , p. 493 26 . ^ Letter 21 July 1848 , quoted in Morley , p. 488 27 . ^ Rowntree , Isabella , Sickert , Ellen and Cobden , Jane ( 27 October 1887 ) . " The Administration of the Law in Ireland " . The Times . p. 6 . { { cite news } } : CS1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) 28 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Richardson , pp. 238-39 29 . ^ ^a ^b O' Donnell , pp. 103-04 30 . ^ Howe , Anthony ( January 2008 ) . " Potter , Thomas Bayley " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/22621 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 31 . ^ Hollis , pp. 306-07 32 . ^ ^a ^b ^c Schneer , Jonathan ( January 1991 ) . " Politics and Feminism in ' Outcast London ' : George Lansbury and Jane Cobden 's Campaign for the First London County Council " . Journal of British Studies . 30 ( 1 ) : 63-82. doi : 10.1086/385973 . JSTOR 175737 . S2CID 155015712 . ( subscription required ) 33 . ^ Hollis , p. 309 34 . ^ Shepherd , pp . 21-23 35 . ^ ^a ^b Hollis , pp. 310-11 36 . ^ ^a ^b Hollis , pp. 311-15 37 . ^ Hollis , p. 392 38 . ^ Wilson , p. 48 39 . ^ Shepherd , p. 24 40 . ^ Crawford , p. 105 41 . ^ Hollis , p. 343 42 . ^ Crawford , p. 293 43 . ^ The recent development of violence in our midst . London : Stop-the-War Committee . 1900 . OCLC 25172346 . 44 . ^ Richardson , p. 242 45 . ^ Pugh , p. 144 and pp. 163-67 46 . ^ " Indian suffragettes in the Women 's Coronation Procession " . Museum of London . 19 October 2011 . Archived from the original on 21 July 2013 . Retrieved 22 March 2013. 47 . ^ " Britain 1906-18 : Gaining Women 's Suffrage " . The National Archives . Archived from the original on 7 January 2013 . Retrieved 22 March 2013. 48 . ^ Marsh , Peter T ( January 2011 ) . " Chamberlain , Joseph ( Joe ) " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/32350 . Retrieved 5 April 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 49 . ^ Richardson , p. 232 50 . ^ Baines , Malcolm ( September 1996 ) . " God Gave the Land to the People " ( PDF ) . Liberal Democrat History Group Newsletter ( 12 ) : 11 . Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. 51 . ^ Crawford , p. 114 52 . ^ " Papers of the Anti-Slavery Society : Organizational history " . Bodleian Library of Commonwealth & African Studies . Archived from the original on 24 September 2012 . Retrieved 25 March 2013 . 53 . ^ " The Royal Victoria Hall - " The Old Vic " " . University of London & History of Parliament Trust . Archived from the original on 9 February 2013 . Retrieved 24 March 2013 . 54 . ^ Taylor A.J.P. , p. 68 and pp. 133-34 55 . ^ " Representation of the People Act , 1918 " ( PDF ) . Parliament of the United Kingdom . Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 6 February 2013 . Retrieved 25 March 2013. 56 . ^ " Beatrice Webb 's typescript diary : entry 2 May 1923 " . LSE Digital Library . p. 426 . Archived from the original on 8 January 2015 . Retrieved 26 March 2013. 57 . ^ ^a ^b " Cobden Country " ( PDF ) . The Midhurst Society . Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 26 March 2013. 58 . ^ Howe , Anthony ( May 2006 ) . " Hirst , Francis Wrigley " . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( online ed . ) . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/33891 . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ( Subscription or UK public library membership required . ) ( subscription required ) 59 . ^ Richardson , p. 246 Sources * Crawford , Elizabeth ( 1999 ) . The Women 's Suffrage Movement : A Reference Guide , 1866-1928 . London : UCL Press . ISBN 0-415-23926-5 . Hollis , Patricia ( 1987 ) . Ladies Elect : Women in English Local Government 1865-1914 . Oxford : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0-19-822699-3 . Jackson , Patrick ( 2012 ) . Morley of Blackburn : A Literary and Political Biography of John Morley . Plymouth : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press . ISBN 978-1-61147-534-0 . Morley , John ( 1903 ) . The Life of Richard Cobden . London : T. Fisher Unwin . OCLC 67567974 . ( First published by Chapman and Hall , London 1881 ) O' Donnell , Michael ( 1908 ) . Ireland and the Home Rule movement . Dublin : Maunsel & Co . OCLC 2282481 . Pugh , Martin ( 2008 ) . The Pankhursts . London : Vintage . ISBN 978-0-09-952043-6 . Richardson , Sarah , in Howe , Anthony and Morgan , Simon ( eds ) : Nineteenth Century Liberalism : Richard Cobden bicentenary essays ( 2006 ) . You Know Your Father 's Heart : The Cobden Sisterhood and the Legacy of Richard Cobden . Aldershot , UK and Burlington , VT : Ashgate Publishing . ISBN 978-0-7546-5572-5 . { { cite book } } : CS1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) Rogers , Jean Scott ( 1990 ) . Cobden and his Kate : The story of a marriage . London : Historical Publications . ISBN 0-948667-11-7 . Rosen , Andrew ( 1974 ) . Rise Up , Women ! . London : Routledge and Kegan Paul . ISBN 0-7100-7934-6 . Shepherd , John ( 2002 ) . George Lansbury : At the Heart of Old Labour . Oxford : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0-19-820164-8 . Taylor , A.J.P. ( 1970 ) . English History 1914-45 . Harmondsworth , UK : Penguin Books . ISBN 0-14-021181-0 . Van Wingerden , Sophia A. ( 1999 ) . The Women 's Suffrage in Britain , 1866-1928 . Basingstoke , UK and New York : Palgrave Macmillan . ISBN 0-333-66911-8 . Wilson , A.N. ( 2006 ) . After the Victorians . London : Arrow Books . ISBN 978-0-09-945187-7 . External links ( Audio help · More spoken articles ) * University of Bristol Library Special Collections National * Germany * United States * Australia People * Trove Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane_Cobden&oldid=1287 785967 " Categories : * English women 's rights activists * English feminists * English suffragists * 1851 births * 1947 deaths * People from Paddington * Liberal Party ( UK ) politicians * People from Heyshott * 19th-century English women politicians * 19th-century English politicians * English women activists * 20th-century English women politicians * 20th-century English politicians * This page was last edited on 28 April 2025 , at 13:22 ( UTC ) . 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english suffragist [PERSON] ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden [PERSON] portrait [PERSON] , 1890s born emma jane catherine [PERSON] cobden [PERSON] [PERSON] ( 1851-04-28) 28 april [PERIOD] 1851 paddington [PERSON] , london [PLACE] , england [PLACE] died 7 july [PERIOD] 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) fernhurst [UNKNOWN] , sussex [PERSON] , england [PLACE] political party liberal [PERSON] spouse thomas fisher unwin [PERSON] ​ ​ [PERSON] ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father [PERSON] richard cobden [PERSON] relatives anne [PERSON] cobden-sanderson ( sister [PERSON] ) emma jane catherine [PERSON] cobden [PERSON] [PERSON] ( 28 april [PERIOD] 1851 - 7 july [PERIOD] 1947 ) was [PLACE] a british liberal [PERSON] politician [PERSON] who was [PLACE] active in many radical causes [CAUSE] . a daughter [PERSON] of the victorian reformer [PERSON] and statesman richard cobden [PERSON] [PERSON] , she was [PLACE] an early proponent [PERSON] of women [PERSON] 's rights [UNKNOWN] , and was [PLACE] one of two women [PERSON] elected to the inaugural london county council [HUMAN GROUP] in 1889 . her election [PLACE] was [PLACE] controversial ; legal challenges [EVENT] to her eligibility [STATE] hampered and eventually prevented her from serving as a councillor [PLACE] . from her youth jane cobden [PERSON] [PERSON] , together with her sisters [PERSON] , sought to protect and develop the legacy [PERSON] of her father [PERSON] . she remained committed throughout her life [EVENT] to the " cobdenite [UNKNOWN] " issues [EVENT] of land reform [PERSON] , peace [EVENT] , and social [FOOD] justice [PROPERTY] , and was [PLACE] a consistent advocate [PERSON] for irish [PERSON] independence [STATE] from britain [PLACE] and for women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] . although she was [PLACE] sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister anne [PERSON] cobden-sanderson , who chose to campaign [PERSON] using militant , illegal methods [TECHNIQUE] , she kept her own activities [ACTIVITY] within the law [PERSON] . she stayed in the liberal party [PERSON] , despite her profound disagreement [EVENT] with its stance [PLACE] on the suffrage issue [PERSON] . after her marriage [ACT] to the publisher thomas fisher unwin [PERSON] [PERSON] in 1892 , jane cobden [PERSON] extended her range [FUNCTION] of interests [PERSON] into the international field [LAND] , in particular advancing the rights [UNKNOWN] of the indigenous populations [PERSON] within colonial territories [PERSON] . as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war [EVENT] of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment [EVENT] of the union [PLACE] of south africa [PLACE] in 1910 she attacked its introduction [ACT] of segregationist policies [RULE] . in the years [PERIOD] prior to world war [EVENT] i she opposed joseph chamberlain [PERSON] 's tariff reform crusade [FORCE] on the grounds [PROPERTY] of her father [PERSON] 's free trade principles [ACT] , and was [PLACE] prominent in the liberal party [PERSON] 's revival [PERSON] of the land reform issue [PERSON] . in the 1920s she largely retired from public life [EVENT] , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family [HUMAN GROUP] residence [PLACE] , dunford house [PLACE] , to the cobden memorial [ACT] association [INSTITUTION] as a conference [ACT] and education centre [UNKNOWN] dedicated to the issues [EVENT] and causes [CAUSE] that had defined cobdenism [CONCEPT] . early years [PERIOD] family [HUMAN GROUP] background [PERSON] and childhood jane cobden [PERSON] [PERSON] was [PLACE] born on 28 april [PERIOD] 1851 in westbourne terrace [PERSON] , london [PLACE] . she was [PLACE] the third [PERSON] daughter [PERSON] and fourth child [PERSON] of richard cobden [PERSON] , who at the time [PERIOD] of her birth [CONDITION] was [PLACE] a radical mp for the west riding [PERSON] . with john bright [PERSON] he had co-founded the anti-corn law [PERSON] league which in the 1840s had spearheaded the successful campaign [PERSON] for the abolition [EVENT] of the corn laws [PERSON] . jane [PERSON] 's mother [PERSON] was [PLACE] catherine anne [PERSON] , née williams [PERSON] , the daughter [PERSON] of a timber merchant [PERSON] from machynlleth [UNKNOWN] in wales [PLACE] ; the older cobden children [PERSON] were richard [PERSON] ( " dick [PERSON] " ) , born 1841 ; kate [PERSON] , born 1844 ; and ellen [PERSON] , born 1848 . two further daughters [PERSON] followed jane [PERSON] : anne [PERSON] , born 1853 , and lucy [PERSON] , born 1861 . in the 1830s , richard [PERSON] had handed control [GROUP] of his prosperous calico-printing business [EVENT] to his brothers [PERSON] , so that he could concentrate on public service [INSTITUTION] . by 1849 , the business [EVENT] was [PLACE] failing and richard [PERSON] was [PLACE] close to financial ruin [CONDITION] . he was [PLACE] saved from bankruptcy [CONDITION] by a public subscription [QUALITY] which not only settled his debts [MONEY] but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse [BUILDING] in which he had been born in 1804 , at dunford [PLACE] , near heyshott [UNKNOWN] in sussex [PERSON] . he rebuilt the property [PROPERTY] as a large villa [PLACE] , dunford house [PLACE] , which became jane cobden [PERSON] 's childhood home [PLACE] from the beginning [ACT] of 1854 . in april [PERIOD] 1856 dick [PERSON] , who was [PLACE] at school [INSTITUTION] at weinheim [UNKNOWN] in germany [PLACE] , died there after a short illness [ILLNESS] . the news [PERSON] was [PLACE] a devastating shock [EVENT] to the family [HUMAN GROUP] , and caused richard [PERSON] 's temporary withdrawal [EVENT] from public life [EVENT] . this hiatus [PERSON] was [PLACE] prolonged when , in 1857 , he lost his parliamentary [UNKNOWN] seat [EVENT] . he returned to the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] in may [PERIOD] 1859 , as liberal mp [PERSON] for rochdale [PLACE] . because of his many absences [ABSENCE] from home [PLACE] , on parliamentary [UNKNOWN] and other business [EVENT] , richard [PERSON] cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] a somewhat remote figure [FIGURE] to his daughters [PERSON] , although his letters [EVENT] indicate that he felt warmly towards them and that he wished to direct their political education [PROCESS] . in later years [PERIOD] they would all acknowledge his influence [PERSON] over their ideas [ACT] . both parents [STATE] impressed on the girls [PERSON] their responsibilities [RESPONSIBILITY] for the poor [UNKNOWN] in the local community [PROPERTY] ; jane cobden [PERSON] 's 1864 diary records visits [EVENT] to homes [PERSON] and workhouses [SET] . she and her younger sister anne [PERSON] , at the ages [EVENT] of 12 and 10 respectively , taught classes [UNKNOWN] in the local village school [INSTITUTION] . the girls [PERSON] were encouraged by their father [PERSON] to contribute what money [MONEY] they possessed to relieve local poverty [QUALITY] : " do not keep the money [MONEY] ... as you have now made up your minds [PERSON] to give it to poor [UNKNOWN] sufferers [PERSON] , let your own neighbours [PERSON] have it . your mama [PERSON] will tell you how to dispose of it , and tell me all about it " . sisterhood [PERSON] richard [PERSON] cobden [PERSON] died after a severe bronchial attack [EVENT] on 2 april [PERIOD] 1865 , a few weeks [PERIOD] before jane [PERSON] 's 14th birthday [PERSON] . there followed a time [PERIOD] of domestic uncertainty [UNCERTAINTY] and financial worry [PERSON] , eventually resolved by a pension [INSTANCE] from the government [GOVERNMENT] of £1,500 a year [PERIOD] , and the establishment [EVENT] of a " cobden tribute fund [PERSON] " by his friends [UNKNOWN] and followers [PERSON] . after their father [PERSON] 's death jane [PERSON] and anne [PERSON] attended warrington lodge school [INSTITUTION] in maida hill [HILL] but , following a disagreement [EVENT] the nature [NATURE] of which is unclear , both were removed from the school [INSTITUTION] — " thrown on my hands [PERSON] " , their mother [PERSON] complained . in this difficult time [PERIOD] , catherine [PERSON] did not withdraw into seclusion [PERSON] ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband [PERSON] 's political writings [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , and in the same year [PERIOD] became one of the 1,499 signatories [PERSON] to the " ladies petition [REQUEST] " , an event [EVENT] that the historian sophia van wingerden [UNKNOWN] marks [PERSON] as the beginning [ACT] of the organised women [PERSON] 's suffrage movement [HUMAN GROUP] . " no more aimless wanderings [FIGURE] abroad for me , i shall enter into the women [PERSON] 's suffrage campaign [PERSON] and so have a real interest [PERSON] in life [EVENT] " . from jane cobden [PERSON] 's 1875 diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . in 1869 dunford house [PLACE] was [PLACE] let . catherine [PERSON] and her four younger daughters [PERSON] moved to a house [PLACE] in south kensington [PERSON] — the eldest [PERSON] , kate [PERSON] , had married in 1866 . the ménage [UNKNOWN] proved unsatisfactory [UNKNOWN] ; ellen [PERSON] , jane [PERSON] and anne [PERSON] were now displaying considerable independence [STATE] of spirit [STATE] , and differences [STATE] of opinion [TRUST] arose between mother [PERSON] and daughters [PERSON] . catherine [PERSON] moved out , taking the youngest daughter lucy [PERSON] , and went to wales [PLACE] where she lived until her death [EVENT] in 1877 . in south kensington [PERSON] , ellen [PERSON] , jane [PERSON] and anne [PERSON] , often joined by kate [PERSON] , established a sisterhood [PERSON] determined both to preserve richard cobden [PERSON] 's memory [EVENT] and works [UNKNOWN] and to uphold his principles [ACT] and radical causes [CAUSE] by actions [ACTION] of their own . together they stopped publication [ACTION] of a memoir [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of their father [PERSON] , sponsored by his former colleagues [PERSON] and compiled by a family friend [PERSON] , julie salis schwabe [PERSON] . this caused some offence [UNKNOWN] ; schwabe [PERSON] had given the family [HUMAN GROUP] financial and emotional support [SET] after richard [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] . however , jane [PERSON] in particular wanted a more substantial memorial [ACT] , and secured the services [UNKNOWN] of john morley [PERSON] , whose biography [SEQUENCE] of richard cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] published in 1881 . during these years [PERIOD] jane [PERSON] often travelled abroad . in london [PLACE] , she and her sisters [PERSON] extended their range [FUNCTION] of acquaintances [WORD] into literary and artistic circles [UNKNOWN] ; among their new friends [UNKNOWN] were the writer george macdonald [PERSON] and the pre-raphaelites william and jane morris [PERSON] and edward burne-jones . ellen [PERSON] later married the painter walter sickert [UNKNOWN] . jane [PERSON] developed an interest [PERSON] in the question [QUESTION] of women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] after attending a conference [ACT] in london [PLACE] , in 1871 . in 1875 she made a specific commitment [COMMITMENT] to this cause [CAUSE] , although she did not become active in the movement [HUMAN GROUP] for several years [PERIOD] . in the meantime [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , in 1879 , she helped to found the cobden club [INSTITUTION] in heyshott [UNKNOWN] , close to her father [PERSON] 's birthplace [LOCATION] . early campaigns women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] from the late 1870s the cobden sisters [PERSON] began to follow different pathways [PERSON] . anne [PERSON] married thomas sanderson [PERSON] in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships [RELATIONSHIP] within the morris circle [PERSON] , her interests [PERSON] turned towards arts [LANGUAGE] and crafts [ACTIVITY] and eventually to socialism [GROUP] . after her marriage [ACT] to sickert [UNKNOWN] failed , ellen [PERSON] became a novelist [PERSON] . jane [PERSON] became an active liberal [PERSON] , on the radical wing [PERSON] of the party [PERSON] . in about 1879 she became a member [PERSON] of the national society [INSTITUTION] for women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] , which had been founded in 1867 in the wake [PLACE] of the 1866 " ladies petition [REQUEST] " . jane [PERSON] joined the national society [INSTITUTION] 's finance committee [HUMAN GROUP] , and by 1880 was [PLACE] serving as its treasurer [GOVERNMENT] . that year [PERIOD] she was [PLACE] a speaker [CONCEPT] at a " grand demonstration [PLACE] " at st james [PERSON] 's hall [PLACE] , london [PLACE] , and in the following year [PERIOD] addressed a similar meeting [ACTIVITY] in bradford [PLACE] . in 1883 she attended a conference [ACT] in leeds [PLACE] , jointly organised by the national liberal federation [HUMAN GROUP] and the national reform union [PLACE] , where she supported a motion [ACTION] proposed by henry william crosskey [PERSON] and seconded by walter mclaren [PERSON] ( john bright [PERSON] 's nephew [PERSON] ) , to extend the vote [ACT] in parliamentary [UNKNOWN] elections [PLACE] to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications [SET] that entitle men [PERSON] to vote [ACT] , have now the right [UNKNOWN] of voting in all matters [STATE] of local government [GOVERNMENT] " . the national society [INSTITUTION] 's general stance [PLACE] was [PLACE] cautious ; it avoided close identification [UNKNOWN] with political parties [PERSON] , and for this reason [EVENT] would not accept affiliation [GROUP] from branches [BRANCH] of the women [PERSON] 's liberal federation [HUMAN GROUP] . this , and its policy [RULE] of excluding married women [PERSON] from any extension [INSTITUTION] of the franchise [ACT] , led to a split [PLACE] in 1888 , with the formation [ACT] of a breakaway [UNKNOWN] " central national society [INSTITUTION] [INSTITUTION] " ( cns [UNKNOWN] ) . jane [PERSON] joined the executive committee [HUMAN GROUP] of the new body [BODY] , which encouraged the affiliation [GROUP] of women [PERSON] 's liberal associations [PERSON] and hoped that a future liberal [PERSON] government [GOVERNMENT] would grant women [PERSON] 's enfranchisement [UNKNOWN] . however , the more radical members [PLACE] of the cns [UNKNOWN] felt that its commitment [COMMITMENT] to votes [ACT] for married women [PERSON] was [PLACE] too half-hearted . in 1889 this group [GROUP] , which included jane cobden [PERSON] and emmeline pankhurst [PERSON] , formed the women [PERSON] 's franchise league [GROUP] ( wfl [UNKNOWN] ) with a specific policy [RULE] of seeking votes [ACT] for women [PERSON] on the same basis [GROUP] as for men [PERSON] , and the eligibility [STATE] of women [PERSON] for all offices [STATE] . ireland [PLACE] in 1848 , richard cobden [PERSON] had written : " almost every crime [EVENT] and outrage [PERSON] in ireland [PLACE] is connected with the occupation [ACT] or ownership [STATE] of land [LAND] ... if i had the power [POWER] , i would always make the proprietors [PLACE] of the soil resident [PERSON] , by breaking up the large properties [PROPERTY] . in other words [WORD] , i would give ireland [PLACE] to the irish [PERSON] " . nevertheless , his views [PERSON] were held in the context [EVENT] of unionism [SET] ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland [PLACE] " rebellion [FORCE] as an act [ACT] of insanity [STATE] . jane [PERSON] adopted her father [PERSON] 's standpoint [UNKNOWN] on irish [PERSON] land reform [PERSON] , yet embraced the cause [CAUSE] of irish [PERSON] home rule—on [UNKNOWN] which she lectured regularly — and was [PLACE] a strong supporter [PERSON] of the land league [PERSON] . after visiting ireland [PLACE] with the women [PERSON] 's mission [PLACE] to ireland [PLACE] in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages [DOCUMENT] of the english press [INSTITUTION] to expose the mistreatment [TREATMENT] of evicted tenants [PERSON] . in a letter [EVENT] to the times [UNKNOWN] , jane [PERSON] and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family [HUMAN GROUP] of cloughbready [UNKNOWN] in county tipperary—to illustrate [PERSON] the british government [GOVERNMENT] 's harshness [QUALITY] towards even the most vulnerable of individuals [EVENT] . jane [PERSON] sent money [MONEY] and food [FOOD] to alleviate the ryan family [HUMAN GROUP] 's distress [STATE] . jane [PERSON] was [PLACE] in contact [GOVERNMENT] with irish land league [PERSON] leaders [PERSON] , including john dillon [PERSON] and william o'brien [PERSON] , and lobbied for the release [EVENT] of the latter [UNKNOWN] after his imprisonment [ACT] under the protection [ACT] of person [PERSON] and property act [ACT] 1881 . she and her sisters [PERSON] supported the irish plan [PLAN] of campaign [PERSON] , a scheme [CONDITION] whereby tenants [PERSON] acted collectively to secure fair rents [MONEY] from their landlords [PERSON] . this plan [PLAN] was [PLACE] eventually denounced by the roman catholic church [PERSON] as contrary [EVENT] to natural justice [PROPERTY] and christian charity [PERSON] , although some priests [PERSON] supported it . the attachment [STATE] of jane [PERSON] and her sisters [PERSON] to the rebellious factions [GROUP] in ireland [PLACE] strained relations [RELATION] between the sisters [PERSON] and many of their father [PERSON] 's former liberal unionist colleagues [PERSON] , but won approval [ABSTRACT ENTITY] from thomas bayley potter [PERSON] , who had succeeded richard cobden [PERSON] as mp for rochdale [PLACE] . in october [PERIOD] 1887 he wrote to jane [PERSON] : " you are true to the living [PERSON] and just instincts [WORD] of your father [PERSON] ... you know your father [PERSON] 's heart [BODY] better than john bright [PERSON] does " . london county council [HUMAN GROUP] election [PLACE] 1889 a jane cobden [PERSON] campaign [PERSON] poster [PERSON] , january [PERIOD] 1889 under the municipal corporations [UNKNOWN] act [ACT] 1882 some women [PERSON] were qualified to vote [ACT] in municipal elections [PLACE] , but were excluded from serving as councillors [PLACE] . however , the local government [GOVERNMENT] act [ACT] 1888 , which created county councils [PERSON] , was [PLACE] interpreted by some as allowing women [PERSON] 's election [PLACE] to these new bodies [BODY] . on 17 november [PERIOD] 1888 a group [GROUP] of liberal [PERSON] women [PERSON] decided to test the legal position [POSITION] . they formed the society [INSTITUTION] for promoting the return [ABILITY] of women [PERSON] as county councillors [PLACE] ( sprwcc [UNKNOWN] ) , established an election fund [QUANTITY] of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden [PERSON] and margaret sandhurst [PERSON] — as liberal [PERSON] candidates [AMOUNT] for the newly created london county council [HUMAN GROUP] . cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] adopted by the party [PERSON] 's bow [PERSON] and bromley division [PERSON] , and sandhurst [PERSON] by brixton [PERSON] . despite objections [STATEMENT] from the conservatives [UNKNOWN] , the women [PERSON] 's nominations [ACT] were accepted by the local returning officers [PERSON] . cobden [PERSON] 's campaign [PERSON] in bow [PERSON] and bromley [PERSON] was [PLACE] organised with considerable enthusiasm [CONDITION] and efficiency [PLACE] by the 29-year-old george lansbury [PERSON] , then a radical liberal [PERSON] , later a socialist [PERSON] and eventually leader of the labour party [PERSON] . both cobden [PERSON] and sandhurst [PERSON] were victorious in the elections [PLACE] on 19 january [PERIOD] 1889 ; they were joined by emma cons [PLACE] , whom the progressive majority [PROPERTY] on the council [HUMAN GROUP] selected to serve as an alderman [PERSON] . the women [PERSON] took their places [PLACE] on the inaugural council [HUMAN GROUP] , and each accepted a range [FUNCTION] of committee [HUMAN GROUP] assignments [PROCESS] . almost immediately , however , sandhurst [PERSON] 's defeated conservative opponent [PERSON] , beresford hope [PERSON] , lodged a legal challenge [EVENT] against her election [PLACE] . when this was [PLACE] heard on 18 march [PERIOD] , the judges [UNKNOWN] ruled sandhurst [PERSON] disqualified under the provisions [MONEY] of the 1882 act [ACT] . her appeal [PERSON] was [PLACE] dismissed , and beresford hope [PERSON] was [PLACE] installed in her place [PLACE] . cobden [PERSON] faced no such challenge [EVENT] , since her runner-up was [PLACE] a fellow-liberal who had promised to support [SET] her . even so , her position [POSITION] on the council [HUMAN GROUP] remained precarious , particularly after an attempt [ACTION] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] to legalise women [PERSON] 's rights [UNKNOWN] to serve as county councillors [PLACE] gained little support [SET] . a provision [MONEY] of the prevailing election law [PERSON] provided that anyone [UNKNOWN] elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months [PERIOD] , so on legal advice cobden [PERSON] refrained from attending council [HUMAN GROUP] or committee meetings [ACTIVITY] until february [PERIOD] 1890 . when the statutory twelve months [PERIOD] elapsed without challenge [EVENT] , she resumed her full range [FUNCTION] of duties [UNKNOWN] . although cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] now protected from challenge [EVENT] , the conservative member [PERSON] for westminster [PLACE] , sir walter de souza [PERSON] , instituted fresh court proceedings [ACTION] against both cobden [PERSON] and cons [PLACE] . he argued that since they had been elected or selected unlawfully , their votes [ACT] in the council [HUMAN GROUP] had likewise been unlawful , making them liable to heavy financial penalties [INSTANCE] . in court [EVENT] the judge [PERSON] ruled against both women [PERSON] , though on appeal [PERSON] in april [PERIOD] 1891 the penalties [INSTANCE] were reduced from an original [PERSON] £250 to a nominal £5 . cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] urged by lansbury [PERSON] and others [UNKNOWN] not to pay even this token [STRUCTURE] , but to go to prison [SOFTWARE] ; she declined this course [PERSON] of action [ACTION] . after a further parliamentary [UNKNOWN] attempt [ACTION] to resolve the situation [SITUATION] failed , she sat out the remaining months [PERIOD] of her term [TERM] as a councillor [PLACE] in silence [PERSON] , neither speaking nor voting , and did not seek re-election in the 1892 county elections [PLACE] . women [PERSON] did not receive the right [UNKNOWN] to sit on county councils [PERSON] until 1907 , with the passage [PERSON] of the qualification [SET] of women act [ACT] . in his account [COLLECTION] of the 1888-89 election [PLACE] , the historian jonathan schneer [PERSON] marks the campaign [PERSON] as a step [POWER] in what he terms [TERM] " working-class disenchantment [EVENT] with official liberalism [ACTION] " , citing in particular lansbury [PERSON] 's departure [EVENT] from the liberal party [PERSON] in 1892 . schneer also remarks [ACT] that this " pioneering political venture [PERSON] of british feminism [PERSON] ... provides at once an anticipation [ASSET] of , and a direct contrast [RESULT] to , the militant suffragism [CONCEPT] of the edwardian era [ABSTRACT ENTITY] " . marriage [ACT] , wider interests [PERSON] in 1892 , at the age [PROPERTY] of 41 , cobden [PERSON] married thomas fisher unwin [PERSON] , an avant-garde publisher [PERSON] whose list [ACTION] included works [UNKNOWN] by henrik ibsen [PERSON] , friedrich nietzsche [PERSON] , h. g. wells and the young somerset maugham [PERSON] . unwin [PERSON] 's involvement [ACT] in a range [FUNCTION] of world [PLACE] and humanitarian causes [CAUSE] led cobden— [UNKNOWN] who adopted the surname [PORTION] " cobden [PERSON] unwin [PERSON] " —to extend her interests [PERSON] to international peace [EVENT] and justice [PROPERTY] , reform in the congo [PLACE] , and more generally the rights [UNKNOWN] of aboriginal peoples [PERSON] . she and unwin [PERSON] opposed the boer war [EVENT] ( 1899-1902 ) ; both were founder-members of the pro-boer south african conciliation committee [HUMAN GROUP] , cobden [PERSON] acting as the committee [HUMAN GROUP] 's secretary [PERSON] . the couple [EVENT] settled in south kensington [PERSON] , from where cobden [PERSON] continued to pursue her own causes [CAUSE] . in 1893 , with laura ormiston chant [PERSON] , she represented the wfl [UNKNOWN] in chicago [PLACE] at the world congress [STATE] of representative women [PERSON] . at home [PLACE] , she assisted women [PERSON] candidates [AMOUNT] in the 1894 kensington [PERSON] " vestry [EVENT] " elections [PLACE] . in 1900 she accepted the presidency [POSITION] of the brighton women [PERSON] 's liberal association [INSTITUTION] , and in the same year [PERIOD] wrote an extended tract [PERSON] , the recent development [UNKNOWN] of violence [ACTION] in our midst [PLACE] , published by the stop-the-war committee [HUMAN GROUP] . edwardian campaigner votes [ACT] for women [PERSON] , 1903-14 members [PLACE] of the women [PERSON] 's social [FOOD] and political union [PLACE] campaigning for women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] in london [PLACE] , around 1910 although cobden [PERSON] 's views [PERSON] were more progressive than those of the liberal party [PERSON] 's mainstream [TENDENCY] , she stayed a member [PERSON] of the party [PERSON] , believing that it remained the best political vehicle [VEHICLE] whereby her causes [CAUSE] could be advanced . other suffragists [PERSON] , including anne cobden [PERSON] sanderson [PERSON] , took a different view [PERSON] , and aligned themselves with socialist movements [UNKNOWN] . when the women [PERSON] 's social [FOOD] and political union [PLACE] ( wspu [UNKNOWN] ) began its militant campaign [PERSON] in 1905 , cobden [PERSON] refrained from participation [STATE] in illegal actions [ACTION] , although she spoke out for her sister [PERSON] when anne [PERSON] became one of the first suffragists [PERSON] to be sent to prison [SOFTWARE] , after a demonstration [PLACE] outside parliament [HUMAN GROUP] in october [PERIOD] 1906 . on anne [PERSON] 's release [EVENT] a month [PERIOD] later , cobden [PERSON] and her husband [PERSON] attended a celebration banquet [FOOD] at the savoy hotel [PERSON] , together with other wspu prisoners [PERSON] . cobden [PERSON] moved closer to the militant wing [PERSON] in 1907 when she endorsed the wspu [UNKNOWN] 's new magazine [ACTION] , votes [ACT] for women [PERSON] . that year [PERIOD] she hosted an " at home [PLACE] " meeting [ACTIVITY] at which the wspu leader christabel pankhurst [PERSON] was [PLACE] the principal speaker [CONCEPT] . the wspu [UNKNOWN] was [PLACE] split [PLACE] when members [PLACE] who objected to the pankhurst family [HUMAN GROUP] 's authoritarian leadership [PERSON] formed themselves into the women [PERSON] 's freedom league [PERSON] ; cobden [PERSON] did not join anne [PERSON] in the breakaway movement [HUMAN GROUP] , although she supported its associated body [BODY] , the women [PERSON] 's tax resistance league [PERSON] . in 1911 , cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] responsible for the indian women [PERSON] 's delegation [ACT] in the women [PERSON] 's coronation procession [ACT] , a london demonstration [PLACE] organised by suffrage associations [PERSON] from britain [PLACE] and the empire [STATE] . the procession [ACT] marched on 17 june [PERIOD] 1911 , a few days [PERIOD] before king george [PERSON] v's coronation [ACT] . during 1910-12 several conciliation bills [PERSON] extending the parliamentary [UNKNOWN] vote [ACT] to a limited number [NUMBER] of propertied women [PERSON] , were debated in the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] . when the third [PERSON] of these was [PLACE] under discussion [EVENT] , cobden [PERSON] sought the help [UNKNOWN] of the irish parliamentary [UNKNOWN] party [PERSON] by reminding them of the support women [PERSON] had given to ireland [PLACE] during the land league agitation [PERSON] : " in the name [NAME] of those 40,000 englishwomen [UNKNOWN] we urge you to support [SET] at every division [PERSON] this bill [PERSON] by your presence [ABSTRACT ENTITY] and your vote [ACT] " . the bill [PERSON] was [PLACE] finally abandoned when the liberal [PERSON] prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , h. h. asquith [PERSON] , replaced it with a bill [PERSON] extending the male suffrage [NUMBER] . in protest [PERSON] against the liberal [PERSON] government [GOVERNMENT] 's suffrage policies [RULE] and its harsh treatment [TREATMENT] of militants [PERSON] , cobden [PERSON] resigned her honorary presidency [POSITION] of the women [PERSON] 's liberal association [INSTITUTION] in rochdale [PLACE] , her father [PERSON] 's last constituency [PERSON] . social [FOOD] , political and humanitarian activities jane cobden [PERSON] [PERSON] although the cause [CAUSE] of women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] remained her principal concern [INSTANCE] , at least until the first world war [EVENT] [EVENT] , cobden [PERSON] was [PLACE] active in other campaigns [PERSON] . in 1903 she defended the principles [ACT] of free trade [PERSON] , as expressed by her father [PERSON] , against joseph chamberlain [PERSON] 's tariff reform crusade [FORCE] . chamberlain [PERSON] had called for a policy [RULE] of imperial preference [PLACE] , and the imposition [AMOUNT] of tariffs [PERSON] against countries [UNKNOWN] opposed to britain [PLACE] 's imperial interests [PERSON] . to a meeting [ACTIVITY] in manchester [PLACE] , cobden [PERSON] expressed confidence [EMOTION] that " manchester [PLACE] ... will tell mr chamberlain [PERSON] that it is still loyal to our old flag [FLAG] : free trade [PERSON] , peace [EVENT] and goodwill [PERSON] among nations [STATE] " . in 1904 , richard cobden [PERSON] 's centenary year [PERIOD] , she published the hungry forties [UNKNOWN] , described by anthony howe [PERSON] in a biographical article [ARTICLE] as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract [PERSON] " . it was [PLACE] one of several free trade books [UNKNOWN] and pamphlets [PERSON] issued by the fisher unwin [PERSON] press [INSTITUTION] which , together with celebratory [UNKNOWN] centenary events [EVENT] , helped to define free trade [PERSON] as a major progressive cause [CAUSE] of the edwardian era [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . the cobdenite [UNKNOWN] cause [CAUSE] of land reform [PERSON] was [PLACE] revived in the 1900s as a major liberal [PERSON] policy [RULE] , helped in 1913 by the publication [ACTION] of jane cobden [PERSON] 's book [ENTITY] the land hunger [PERSON] : life [EVENT] under monopoly [FUNCTION] . the dedication [ACT] read : " to the memory [EVENT] of richard cobden [PERSON] who loved his native land [LAND] , these pages [DOCUMENT] are dedicated by his daughter [PERSON] , in the hope [PERSON] that his desire [EVENT] — ' free trade [PERSON] in land [LAND] ' — may [PERIOD] be fulfilled " . cobden [PERSON] did not confine her interests [PERSON] to domestic affairs [EVENT] . from 1906 , along with helen bright clark [PERSON] , she was [PLACE] an active member [PERSON] of the aborigines [UNKNOWN] ' protection society [INSTITUTION] , an organisation [ORGANISATION] concerned with the rights [UNKNOWN] of indigenous peoples [PERSON] under colonial rule [RULE] ; the society [INSTITUTION] merged with the anti-slavery society [INSTITUTION] in 1909 . in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf [PERSON] of the friends [UNKNOWN] of russian freedom [PERSON] , seeking his support [SET] for amendments [STATE] to the hague convention [PLACE] , then in session [PERIOD] in geneva [PLACE] her efforts [ACTION] for the poorest [UNKNOWN] in society [INSTITUTION] encompassed appeals [PERSON] on behalf [PERSON] of the families [INSTANCE] of striking workers [UNKNOWN] in london [PLACE] and dublin [PLACE] during the labour unrest [STATE] of 1913-14 , and of starving women [PERSON] and children [PERSON] in tripoli [PLACE] . she also found time [PERIOD] to act [ACT] as secretary [PERSON] to the memorial fund [QUANTITY] for emma cons [PLACE] , after the latter [UNKNOWN] 's death [EVENT] in 1912 . late campaigns [PERSON] during the war years [PERIOD] 1914-18 , with the issue [PERSON] of women [PERSON] 's suffrage quiescent [UNKNOWN] , cobden [PERSON] became increasingly involved in south african affairs [EVENT] . she supported solomon plaatje [PERSON] 's campaign [PERSON] against the segregationist natives [UNKNOWN] ' land act [ACT] of 1913 , a stance [PLACE] that led , in 1917 , to her removal [ACT] from the committee [HUMAN GROUP] of the anti-slavery society [INSTITUTION] . the society [INSTITUTION] 's line [PERSON] was [PLACE] to support [SET] the botha government [GOVERNMENT] 's land reform policy [RULE] ; cobden [PERSON] denounced sir john [PERSON] harris [PERSON] , the society [INSTITUTION] 's parliamentary [UNKNOWN] representative , for being a false friend [PERSON] to the native people [HUMAN GROUP] by secretly working against them . cobden [PERSON] maintained her commitment [COMMITMENT] to the cause [CAUSE] of irish [PERSON] independence [STATE] , and offered personal help [UNKNOWN] to victims [EVENT] of the black [PERSON] and tans [ACT] during the irish war [EVENT] of independence [STATE] , 1919-21 . in 1920 , cobden [PERSON] gave dunford [PLACE] house [PLACE] to the london school [INSTITUTION] of economics [STUDY] ( lse [UNKNOWN] ) , of which she had become a governor [PERSON] . according to beatrice webb [PERSON] , co-founder of the school [INSTITUTION] , she soon regretted the gift [PERSON] ; webb [PERSON] wrote in her diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] on 2 may [PERIOD] 1923 : " the poor [UNKNOWN] lady [PERSON] ... makes fretful complaints [POSITION] if a single bush [PERSON] is cut down or a stone [PERSON] shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits [STATE] of the students [PERSON] ... not to mention the opinions [TRUST] of some of the lecturers [PERSON] " . later in 1923 , lse [UNKNOWN] returned the house [PLACE] to cobden [PERSON] ; in 1928 she donated it to the cobden memorial [ACT] association [INSTITUTION] . with the help [UNKNOWN] of the writer [PERSON] and journalist francis wrigley [PERSON] hirst [PERSON] and others [UNKNOWN] , the house [PLACE] became a conference [ACT] and education centre [UNKNOWN] for pursuing the traditional cobdenite causes [CAUSE] of free trade [PERSON] , peace [EVENT] and goodwill [PERSON] . final years [PERIOD] , death [EVENT] and legacy [PERSON] after 1928 , jane cobden [PERSON] 's chief occupation [ACT] was [PLACE] the organisation [ORGANISATION] of her father [PERSON] 's papers [RESOURCE] , some of which she placed in the british museum [PLACE] . others [UNKNOWN] were eventually collected , with other cobden family [HUMAN GROUP] documents [DOCUMENT] , by the west sussex [PERSON] county council [HUMAN GROUP] record office [PLACE] at chichester [PERSON] . in old age [PROPERTY] she lived quietly at oatscroft [UNKNOWN] , her home [PLACE] near dunford house [PLACE] , and following her husband [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] in 1935 made few interventions [PERSON] in public life [EVENT] . during the 1930s , under hirst [PERSON] 's direction [DIRECTION] , dunford house [PLACE] continued to preach what howe [PERSON] describes as " the pure milk [PERSON] of the cobdenian [UNKNOWN] faith " : the conviction [ACT] that in britain [PLACE] and in continental europe [PLACE] , peace [EVENT] and prosperity [CONDITION] would develop from individual ownership [STATE] of the soil [SOIL] . jane cobden [PERSON] died , aged 96 , on 7 july [PERIOD] 1947 , at whitehanger [UNKNOWN] nursing home [PLACE] in fernhurst [UNKNOWN] , surrey [PERSON] . in the years [PERIOD] following her death [EVENT] her papers [RESOURCE] were collected and deposited as part of the family [HUMAN GROUP] archive in chichester [PERSON] . in 1952 dunford house [PLACE] was [PLACE] transferred to the ymca [UNKNOWN] , although its general educational functions [FUNCTION] and mission [PLACE] remained unchanged . the house [PLACE] contains numerous memorabilia [STATE] of the cobden family [HUMAN GROUP] . howe [PERSON] depicts jane cobden [PERSON] as a formidable personality [STATE] , known by her husband [PERSON] 's publishing colleagues [PERSON] as " the jane [PERSON] " , who took a keen [PERSON] and even intrusive interest [PERSON] in the work [ACTIVITY] of the publishing house [PLACE] . she was [PLACE] , howe [PERSON] says , " a woman [PERSON] of sentiment [EVENT] and enthusiasm [CONDITION] who took up ( and sometimes speedily dropped ) causes [CAUSE] with a fire [FIRE] which brooked no opposition [EVENT] " . in an essay [PERSON] on the cobden sisterhood [PERSON] , the feminist historian sarah [PERSON] richardson [PERSON] remarks [ACT] on the different paths [SEQUENCE] chosen by the sisters [PERSON] by which to take their father [PERSON] 's legacy [PERSON] forward : " jane [PERSON] 's activities [ACTIVITY] showed that it was [PLACE] still possible to follow a radical agenda [ACTION] within the aegis [PROCESS] of liberalism [ACTION] " . richardson [PERSON] indicates that the main collective achievement [ACT] of jane [PERSON] and her sisters [PERSON] was [PLACE] to ensure that the cobden name [NAME] , with its radical and progressive associations [PERSON] , survived well into the 20th century [PERIOD] . " in doing so " , richardson concludes [PERSON] , " they proved themselves worthy successors [PERSON] to their father [PERSON] , guaranteeing that his contribution [EVENT] was [PLACE] not only sustained , but remodelled for a new age [PROPERTY] " . notes [UNKNOWN] and references notes [UNKNOWN] 1 . ^ morley [PERSON] 's biography [SEQUENCE] of richard cobden [PERSON] records dick [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] , but does not name [NAME] him . the book [ENTITY] makes no references [NUMBER] to any of the cobden daughters [PERSON] . 2. ^ a french version [PERMISSION] of schwabe [PERSON] 's book [ENTITY] was [PLACE] published in paris [PLACE] ; the english version [PERMISSION] was [PLACE] delayed until 1895 , when it was [PLACE] published by thomas fisher unwin [PERSON] , who had by then become jane [PERSON] 's husband [PERSON] . 3 . ^ morley [PERSON] had never met richard cobden [PERSON] , but was [PLACE] given full access [PERSON] to the family [HUMAN GROUP] 's papers [RESOURCE] . morley [PERSON] 's own biographer [PERSON] , richard jackson [PERSON] , describes the cobden book [ENTITY] as " overlong " and uncritical , though " an unpretentious and attractive personality [STATE] emerges clearly " . 4 . ^ according to the historian michael j. f [PERSON] . o' donnell [PERSON] , the principles [ACT] of the plan [PLAN] of campaign [PERSON] were : " the tenants [PERSON] of a locality [SITUATION] were to form themselves into an association [INSTITUTION] , each member [PERSON] of which was [PLACE] to proffer to the landlord [PERSON] or his agent a sum [PERSON] which was [PLACE] estimated by the general body [BODY] as a fair rent [MONEY] for his holding [ENTITY] . these sums [PERSON] , if refused by the landlord [PERSON] , were pooled and divided by the association [INSTITUTION] for the maintenance [PERSON] of those tenants [PERSON] who were evicted " . 5. ^ in 1889 jane cobden [PERSON] 's portrait [PERSON] was [PLACE] painted by her friend emily osborn [PERSON] , with whom she was [PLACE] then sharing a house [PLACE] . the portrait [PERSON] was [PLACE] exhibited at the society [INSTITUTION] of lady artists [PERSON] in 1891 , and was [PLACE] later installed in the council chamber [PERSON] of the london county council [HUMAN GROUP] ( lcc [UNKNOWN] ) . in 1989 it was [PLACE] cut from its frame [RESOURCE] and stolen [PERSON] , after the abolition [EVENT] of the lcc [UNKNOWN] 's successor body [BODY] , the greater london [PLACE] council [HUMAN GROUP] . 6 . ^ the funds [QUANTITY] eventually went to the old vic theatre [PLACE] , which cons [PLACE] 's niece lilian baylis [PERSON] developed from the " royal victoria coffee music hall [PLACE] " established by cons [PLACE] in 1880 . 7 . ^ the women [PERSON] 's suffrage campaigns [PERSON] were suspended on the outbreak [OCCURRENCE] of war [EVENT] in 1914 . younger women [PERSON] volunteered in large numbers [NUMBER] to help [UNKNOWN] the war effort [ACTION] ; in july [PERIOD] 1915 christabel pankhurst led a " right [UNKNOWN] to serve " march [PERIOD] down whitehall [PERSON] . partly in recognition [STATE] of women [PERSON] 's contributions [EVENT] , the representation [PERSON] of the people [HUMAN GROUP] act [ACT] 1918 extended the parliamentary [UNKNOWN] franchise [ACT] to women [PERSON] over 30 , subject to a property qualification [SET] . citations [GROUP] 1 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^i ^j ^k ^l ^m ^n ^o ^p ^q howe [PERSON] , anthony [PERSON] ( may [PERIOD] 2006 ) . " unwin [PERSON] , ( emma [PERSON] ) jane catherine [PERSON] cobden [PERSON] " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/38683 . retrieved 16 march [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 2 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d taylor [PERSON] , miles [UNKNOWN] ( may [PERIOD] 2009 ) . " cobden [PERSON] , richard [PERSON] " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/5741 . retrieved 16 march [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 3 . ^ morley [PERSON] , pp. 117-18 4 . ^ " the cobden archives [PERSON] " . west sussex [PERSON] county council [HUMAN GROUP] . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 14 july [PERIOD] 2014 . retrieved 16 march [PERIOD] 2013 . 5. ^ rogers [PERSON] , pp. 84-91 6 . ^ rogers [PERSON] , pp. 115-16 7 . ^ ^a ^b morley [PERSON] , pp . 645-50 and pp. 965-72 8 . ^ morley [PERSON] , p. 657 9 . ^ morley [PERSON] , p. 689 10 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d richardson [PERSON] , pp. 235-36 11 . ^ rogers [PERSON] , pp. 175-76 12 . ^ ^a ^b rogers [PERSON] , p. 178 13 . ^ rogers [PERSON] , p. 179 14 . ^ van wingerden [UNKNOWN] , pp. 1-2 15 . ^ rogers [PERSON] , pp. 180-81 16 . ^ ^a ^b ^c richardson [PERSON] , p. 231 17 . ^ jackson [PERSON] , p. 76 18 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h crawford [PERSON] , pp . 694-96 19 . ^ ^a ^b howe [PERSON] , anthony [PERSON] ( january [PERIOD] 2004 ) . " sanderson [PERSON] , ( julia sarah [PERSON] ) anne cobden [PERSON] " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/56224 . retrieved 17 march [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 20 . ^ rosen [PERSON] , pp. 6-7 21 . ^ crawford [PERSON] , p. 154 22 . ^ howarth [PERSON] , janet [PERSON] ( october [PERIOD] 2007 ) . " fawcett [PERSON] , dame millicent garrett [PERSON] " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/33096 . retrieved 17 march [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 23 . ^ crawford [PERSON] , pp. 103-04 24 . ^ rosen [PERSON] , p. 17 25 . ^ letter [EVENT] 28 october [PERIOD] 1848 , quoted in morley [PERSON] , p. 493 26 . ^ letter [EVENT] 21 july [PERIOD] 1848 , quoted in morley [PERSON] , p. 488 27 . ^ rowntree [PERSON] , isabella [PERSON] , sickert [UNKNOWN] , ellen [PERSON] and cobden [PERSON] , jane [PERSON] ( 27 october [PERIOD] 1887 ) . " the administration [PLACE] of the law [PERSON] in ireland [PLACE] " . the times [UNKNOWN] . p. 6 . { { cite news [PERSON] } } : cs1 maint [PERSON] : multiple names [NAME] : authors list [ACTION] ( link [EVENT] ) 28 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e richardson [PERSON] , pp. 238-39 29 . ^ ^a ^b o' donnell [PERSON] , pp. 103-04 30 . ^ howe [PERSON] , anthony [PERSON] ( january [PERIOD] 2008 ) . " potter [PERSON] , thomas bayley [PERSON] " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/22621 . retrieved 18 march [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 31 . ^ hollis [PERSON] , pp. 306-07 32 . ^ ^a ^b ^c schneer , jonathan [PERSON] ( january [PERIOD] 1991 ) . " politics [RESULT] and feminism [PERSON] in ' outcast london [PLACE] ' : george lansbury [PERSON] and jane cobden [PERSON] 's campaign [PERSON] for the first london county council [HUMAN GROUP] [HUMAN GROUP] " . journal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of british studies [STUDY] . 30 ( 1 ) : 63-82. doi [PERSON] : 10.1086/385973 . jstor 175737 . s2cid 155015712 . ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 33 . ^ hollis [PERSON] , p. 309 34 . ^ shepherd [PERSON] , pp . 21-23 35 . ^ ^a ^b hollis [PERSON] , pp. 310-11 36 . ^ ^a ^b hollis [PERSON] , pp. 311-15 37 . ^ hollis [PERSON] , p. 392 38 . ^ wilson [PERSON] , p. 48 39 . ^ shepherd [PERSON] , p. 24 40 . ^ crawford [PERSON] , p. 105 41 . ^ hollis [PERSON] , p. 343 42 . ^ crawford [PERSON] , p. 293 43 . ^ the recent development [UNKNOWN] of violence [ACTION] in our midst [PLACE] . london [PLACE] : stop-the-war committee [HUMAN GROUP] . 1900 . oclc [UNKNOWN] 25172346 . 44 . ^ richardson [PERSON] , p. 242 45 . ^ pugh , p. 144 and pp. 163-67 46 . ^ " indian suffragettes [PERSON] in the women [PERSON] 's coronation procession [ACT] " . museum [PLACE] of london [PLACE] . 19 october [PERIOD] 2011 . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 21 july [PERIOD] 2013 . retrieved 22 march [PERIOD] 2013. 47 . ^ " britain [PLACE] 1906-18 : gaining women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] " . the national archives [UNKNOWN] . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 7 january [PERIOD] 2013 . retrieved 22 march [PERIOD] 2013. 48 . ^ marsh [PERSON] , peter t [PERSON] ( january [PERIOD] 2011 ) . " chamberlain [PERSON] , joseph [PERSON] ( joe [PERSON] ) " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/32350 . retrieved 5 april [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 49 . ^ richardson [PERSON] , p. 232 50 . ^ baines [PERSON] , malcolm [PERSON] ( september [PERIOD] 1996 ) . " god [PERSON] gave the land [LAND] to the people [HUMAN GROUP] " ( pdf [UNKNOWN] ) . liberal democrat history [UNIT] group [GROUP] newsletter [SPEECH ACT] ( 12 ) : 11 . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 14 july [PERIOD] 2014. 51 . ^ crawford [PERSON] , p. 114 52 . ^ " papers [RESOURCE] of the anti-slavery society [INSTITUTION] : organizational history [UNIT] " . bodleian library [PLACE] of commonwealth [EVENT] & african studies [STUDY] . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 24 september [PERIOD] 2012 . retrieved 25 march [PERIOD] 2013 . 53 . ^ " the royal victoria hall [PLACE] - " the old vic [PLACE] " " . university [INSTITUTION] of london [PLACE] & history [UNIT] of parliament trust [TRUST] . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 9 february [PERIOD] 2013 . retrieved 24 march [PERIOD] 2013 . 54 . ^ taylor [PERSON] a.j.p. , p. 68 and pp. 133-34 55 . ^ " representation [PERSON] of the people act [ACT] , 1918 " ( pdf [UNKNOWN] ) . parliament [HUMAN GROUP] of the united kingdom [PLACE] . archived [UNKNOWN] ( pdf [UNKNOWN] ) from the original [PERSON] on 6 february [PERIOD] 2013 . retrieved 25 march [PERIOD] 2013. 56 . ^ " beatrice webb [PERSON] 's typescript diary [ABSTRACT ENTITY] : entry 2 may [PERIOD] 1923 " . lse digital library [PLACE] . p. 426 . archived [UNKNOWN] from the original [PERSON] on 8 january [PERIOD] 2015 . retrieved 26 march [PERIOD] 2013. 57 . ^ ^a ^b " cobden country [PLACE] " ( pdf [UNKNOWN] ) . the midhurst society [INSTITUTION] . archived [UNKNOWN] ( pdf [UNKNOWN] ) from the original [PERSON] on 4 march [PERIOD] 2016 . retrieved 26 march [PERIOD] 2013. 58 . ^ howe [PERSON] , anthony [PERSON] ( may [PERIOD] 2006 ) . " hirst [PERSON] , francis wrigley [PERSON] " . oxford dictionary [PERSON] of national biography [SEQUENCE] ( online ed . ) . oxford university [INSTITUTION] press. doi [PERSON] : 10.1093/ref:odnb/33891 . retrieved 27 march [PERIOD] 2013 . ( subscription [QUALITY] or uk public library membership [PLACE] required . ) ( subscription [QUALITY] required ) 59 . ^ richardson [PERSON] , p. 246 sources * crawford [PERSON] , elizabeth [PERSON] ( 1999 ) . the women [PERSON] 's suffrage movement [HUMAN GROUP] : a reference guide [STATE] , 1866-1928 . london [PLACE] : ucl press [INSTITUTION] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-415-23926-5 . hollis [PERSON] , patricia [PERSON] ( 1987 ) . ladies elect [PERSON] : women [PERSON] in english local government [GOVERNMENT] 1865-1914 . oxford [PERSON] : oxford university [INSTITUTION] press [INSTITUTION] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-19-822699-3 . jackson [PERSON] , patrick [PERSON] ( 2012 ) . morley [PERSON] of blackburn [PERSON] : a literary and political biography [SEQUENCE] of john morley [PERSON] . plymouth [PLACE] : fairleigh dickinson university [INSTITUTION] press [INSTITUTION] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 978-1-61147-534-0 . morley [PERSON] , john [PERSON] ( 1903 ) . the life [EVENT] of richard cobden [PERSON] . london [PLACE] : t. fisher unwin [PERSON] . oclc [UNKNOWN] 67567974 . ( first published by chapman [PERSON] and hall [PLACE] , london [PLACE] 1881 ) o' donnell [PERSON] , michael [PERSON] ( 1908 ) . ireland [PLACE] and the home rule [RULE] movement [HUMAN GROUP] . dublin [PLACE] : maunsel [UNKNOWN] & co . oclc [UNKNOWN] 2282481 . pugh , martin [PERSON] ( 2008 ) . the pankhursts [UNKNOWN] . london [PLACE] : vintage [EVENT] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 978-0-09-952043-6 . richardson [PERSON] , sarah [PERSON] , in howe [PERSON] , anthony [PERSON] and morgan [PERSON] , simon [PERSON] ( eds [UNKNOWN] ) : nineteenth century [PERIOD] liberalism [ACTION] : richard cobden [PERSON] bicentenary essays [PERSON] ( 2006 ) . you know your father [PERSON] 's heart [BODY] : the cobden sisterhood [PERSON] and the legacy [PERSON] of richard cobden [PERSON] . aldershot [UNKNOWN] , uk and burlington [PLACE] , vt : ashgate publishing [EVENT] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 978-0-7546-5572-5 . { { cite book [ENTITY] } } : cs1 maint [PERSON] : multiple names [NAME] : authors list [ACTION] ( link [EVENT] ) rogers [PERSON] , jean scott [PERSON] ( 1990 ) . cobden [PERSON] and his kate [PERSON] : the story [PERSON] of a marriage [ACT] . london [PLACE] : historical publications [ACTION] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-948667-11-7 . rosen [PERSON] , andrew [PERSON] ( 1974 ) . rise up , women [PERSON] ! . london [PLACE] : routledge [PERSON] and kegan paul [PERSON] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-7100-7934-6 . shepherd [PERSON] , john [PERSON] ( 2002 ) . george lansbury [PERSON] : at the heart [BODY] of old labour [PERSON] . oxford [PERSON] : oxford university [INSTITUTION] press [INSTITUTION] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-19-820164-8 . taylor [PERSON] , a.j.p. ( 1970 ) . english history [UNIT] 1914-45 . harmondsworth [PERSON] , uk : penguin books [UNKNOWN] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-14-021181-0 . van wingerden [UNKNOWN] , sophia a. ( 1999 ) . the women [PERSON] 's suffrage [NUMBER] in britain [PLACE] , 1866-1928 . basingstoke [PLACE] , uk and new york [PLACE] : palgrave macmillan [PERSON] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 0-333-66911-8 . wilson [PERSON] , a.n. ( 2006 ) . after the victorians [UNKNOWN] . london [PLACE] : arrow books [PERSON] . isbn [UNKNOWN] 978-0-09-945187-7 . external links [EVENT] ( audio [SOUND] help [UNKNOWN] · more spoken articles [ARTICLE] ) * university [INSTITUTION] of bristol library special collections national [INSTITUTION] * germany [PLACE] * united states [PLACE] * australia people [HUMAN GROUP] * trove [COLLECTION] retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jane cobden&oldid=1287 785967 " categories [UNKNOWN] : * english women [PERSON] 's rights activists [PERSON] * english feminists [PERSON] * english suffragists [PERSON] * 1851 births [CONDITION] * 1947 deaths [PERSON] * people [HUMAN GROUP] from paddington [PERSON] * liberal party [PERSON] ( uk ) politicians [PERSON] * people [HUMAN GROUP] from heyshott [UNKNOWN] * 19th-century english women politicians [PERSON] * 19th-century english politicians [PERSON] * english women activists [PERSON] * 20th-century english women politicians [PERSON] * 20th-century english politicians [PERSON] * this page [DOCUMENT] was [PLACE] last edited on 28 april [PERIOD] 2025 , at 13:22 ( utc [UNKNOWN] ) . 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## Objects found

Id | Form | Freq | Tag | Context | Error
1 | women | 50 | PERSON | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
2 | cobden | 29 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
3 | jane | 21 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
4 | london | 17 | PLACE | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
5 | subscription | 16 | QUALITY | he was saved from bankruptcy by a public subscription which not only settled his debts but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse in which he had been born in 1804 , at dunford , near heyshott in sussex . |
6 | father | 16 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
7 | march | 16 | PERIOD | when this was heard on 18 march , the judges ruled sandhurst disqualified under the provisions of the 1882 act . |
8 | richard cobden | 11 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
9 | jane cobden | 11 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
10 | morley | 10 | PERSON | however , jane in particular wanted a more substantial memorial , and secured the services of john morley , whose biography of richard cobden was published in 1881 . |
11 | original | 9 | PERSON | in court the judge ruled against both women , though on appeal in april 1891 the penalties were reduced from an original £250 to a nominal £5 . |
12 | january | 8 | PERIOD | a jane cobden campaign poster , january 1889 under the municipal corporations |
13 | anne | 8 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
14 | campaign | 8 | PERSON | although she was sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister anne cobden-sanderson , who chose to campaign using militant , illegal methods , she kept her own activities within the law . |
15 | suffrage | 8 | NUMBER | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
16 | death | 7 | EVENT | after their father 's death jane and anne attended warrington lodge school in maida hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . |
17 | oxford dictionary | 7 | PERSON | oxford dictionary of national biography ( online ed . ) . |
18 | family | 7 | HUMAN GROUP | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
19 | oxford university press. doi | 7 | PERSON | oxford university press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/38683 . |
20 | house | 7 | PLACE | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
21 | national biography | 7 | SEQUENCE | oxford dictionary of national biography ( online ed . ) . |
22 | life | 7 | EVENT | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
23 | year | 7 | PERIOD | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
24 | sisters | 7 | PERSON | from her youth jane cobden , together with her sisters , sought to protect and develop the legacy of her father . |
25 | ireland | 7 | PLACE | ireland |
26 | crawford | 7 | PERSON | ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h crawford , pp . |
27 | richard | 6 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
28 | interests | 6 | PERSON | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
29 | dunford house | 6 | PLACE | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
30 | society | 6 | INSTITUTION | in about 1879 she became a member of the national society for women 's suffrage , which had been founded in 1867 in the wake of the 1866 " ladies petition " . |
31 | causes | 6 | CAUSE | emma jane catherine cobden ( 28 april 1851 - 7 july 1947 ) was a british liberal politician who was active in many radical causes . |
32 | britain | 6 | PLACE | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
33 | years | 6 | PERIOD | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
34 | ellen | 6 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
35 | rogers | 6 | PERSON | 5. ^ rogers , pp. |
36 | april | 6 | PERIOD | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
37 | library membership | 6 | PERSON | retrieved 16 march 2013 . ( subscription or uk public library membership required . ) |
38 | july | 6 | PERIOD | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
39 | anthony | 5 | PERSON | in 1904 , richard cobden 's centenary year , she published the hungry forties , described by anthony howe in a biographical article as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract " . |
40 | peace | 5 | EVENT | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
41 | rights | 5 | UNKNOWN | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
42 | member | 5 | PERSON | in about 1879 she became a member of the national society for women 's suffrage , which had been founded in 1867 in the wake of the 1866 " ladies petition " . |
43 | range | 5 | FUNCTION | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
44 | people | 5 | HUMAN GROUP | cobden denounced sir john harris , the society 's parliamentary representative , for being a false friend to the native people by secretly working against them . |
45 | liberal party | 5 | PERSON | she stayed in the liberal party , despite her profound disagreement with its stance on the suffrage issue . |
46 | home | 5 | PLACE | he rebuilt the property as a large villa , dunford house , which became jane cobden 's childhood home from the beginning of 1854 . |
47 | husband | 5 | PERSON | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
48 | council | 5 | HUMAN GROUP | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
49 | cause | 5 | CAUSE | in 1875 she made a specific commitment to this cause , although she did not become active in the movement for several years . |
50 | pdf | 5 | UNKNOWN | " god gave the land to the people " ( pdf ) . |
51 | richardson | 5 | PERSON | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
52 | may | 5 | PERIOD | he returned to the house of commons in may 1859 , as liberal mp for rochdale . |
53 | october | 5 | PERIOD | in october 1887 he wrote to jane : " you are true to the living and just instincts of your father ... you know your father 's heart better than john bright does " . |
54 | trade | 5 | PERSON | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
55 | hollis | 5 | PERSON | ( subscription required ) 31 . ^ hollis , pp. 306-07 32 . |
56 | marriage | 4 | ACT | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
57 | legacy | 4 | PERSON | from her youth jane cobden , together with her sisters , sought to protect and develop the legacy of her father . |
58 | government | 4 | GOVERNMENT | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
59 | tenants | 4 | PERSON | after visiting ireland with the women 's mission to ireland in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages of the english press to expose the mistreatment of evicted tenants . |
60 | votes | 4 | ACT | however , the more radical members of the cns felt that its commitment to votes for married women was too half-hearted . |
61 | papers | 4 | RESOURCE | after 1928 , jane cobden 's chief occupation was the organisation of her father 's papers , some of which she placed in the british museum . |
62 | policy | 4 | RULE | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
63 | independence | 4 | STATE | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
64 | election | 4 | PLACE | her election was controversial ; legal challenges to her eligibility hampered and eventually prevented her from serving as a councillor . |
65 | time | 4 | PERIOD | she was the third daughter and fourth child of richard cobden , who at the time of her birth was a radical mp for the west riding . |
66 | daughter | 4 | PERSON | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
67 | land | 4 | LAND | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
68 | conference | 4 | ACT | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
69 | challenge | 4 | EVENT | almost immediately , however , sandhurst 's defeated conservative opponent , beresford hope , lodged a legal challenge against her election . |
70 | ^a ^b | 4 | UNKNOWN |  |
71 | kate | 4 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
72 | sandhurst | 4 | PERSON | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
73 | elections | 4 | PLACE | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
74 | daughters | 4 | PERSON | two further daughters followed jane : anne , born 1853 , and lucy , born 1861 . |
75 | school | 3 | INSTITUTION | in april 1856 dick , who was at school at weinheim in germany , died there after a short illness . |
76 | parliament | 3 | HUMAN GROUP | even so , her position on the council remained precarious , particularly after an attempt in parliament to legalise women 's rights to serve as county councillors gained little support . |
77 | mother | 3 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
78 | vote | 3 | ACT | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
79 | stance | 3 | PLACE | she stayed in the liberal party , despite her profound disagreement with its stance on the suffrage issue . |
80 | rosen | 3 | PERSON | ^ rosen , pp. |
81 | justice | 3 | PROPERTY | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
82 | south kensington | 3 | PLACE | catherine and her four younger daughters moved to a house in south kensington — the eldest , kate , had married in 1866 . |
83 | committee | 3 | HUMAN GROUP | jane joined the national society 's finance committee , and by 1880 was serving as its treasurer . |
84 | rochdale | 3 | PLACE | he returned to the house of commons in may 1859 , as liberal mp for rochdale . |
85 | help | 3 | UNKNOWN | when the third of these was under discussion , cobden sought the help of the irish parliamentary party by reminding them of the support women had given to ireland during the land league agitation : |
86 | principles | 3 | ACT | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
87 | suffragists | 3 | PERSON | other suffragists , including anne cobden sanderson , took a different view , and aligned themselves with socialist movements . |
88 | button | 3 | COLLECTION | ( button ) |
89 | london county council | 3 | HUMAN GROUP | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
90 | anti slavery society | 3 | INSTITUTION |  |
91 | parliamentary | 3 | UNKNOWN | this hiatus was prolonged when , in 1857 , he lost his parliamentary seat . |
92 | interest | 3 | PERSON | " no more aimless wanderings abroad for me , i shall enter into the women 's suffrage campaign and so have a real interest in life " . |
93 | money | 3 | MONEY | the girls were encouraged by their father to contribute what money they possessed to relieve local poverty : " do not keep the money ... as you have now made up your minds to give it to poor sufferers , let your own neighbours have it . |
94 | shepherd | 3 | PERSON | ^ shepherd , pp . |
95 | book | 3 | ENTITY | the cobdenite cause of land reform was revived in the 1900s as a major liberal policy , helped in 1913 by the publication of jane cobden 's book the land hunger : |
96 | wspu | 3 | UNKNOWN | when the women 's social and political union ( wspu ) began its militant campaign in 1905 , cobden refrained from participation in illegal actions , although she spoke out for her sister when anne became one of the first suffragists to be sent to prison , after a demonstration outside parliament in october 1906 . |
97 | unwin | 3 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
98 | age | 3 | PROPERTY | in 1892 , at the age of 41 , cobden married thomas fisher unwin , an avant-garde publisher whose list included works by henrik ibsen , friedrich nietzsche , h. g. |
99 | others | 3 | UNKNOWN | cobden was urged by lansbury and others not to pay even this token , but to go to prison ; she declined this course of action . |
100 | catherine | 3 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
101 | february | 3 | PERIOD | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
102 | isbn | 3 | UNKNOWN | isbn 0-415-23926-5 . hollis , patricia ( 1987 ) . |
103 | right | 3 | UNKNOWN | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
104 | heyshott | 3 | UNKNOWN | he was saved from bankruptcy by a public subscription which not only settled his debts but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse in which he had been born in 1804 , at dunford , near heyshott in sussex . |
105 | commitment | 3 | COMMITMENT | in 1875 she made a specific commitment to this cause , although she did not become active in the movement for several years . |
106 | howe | 3 | PERSON | in 1904 , richard cobden 's centenary year , she published the hungry forties , described by anthony howe in a biographical article as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract " . |
107 | john bright | 3 | PERSON | with john bright he had co-founded the anti-corn law league which in the 1840s had spearheaded the successful campaign for the abolition of the corn laws . |
108 | support | 3 | SET | schwabe had given the family financial and emotional support after richard 's death . |
109 | land reform | 3 | PERSON | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
110 | party | 3 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
111 | heart | 3 | BODY | in october 1887 he wrote to jane : " you are true to the living and just instincts of your father ... you know your father 's heart better than john bright does " . |
112 | friends | 3 | UNKNOWN | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
113 | members | 3 | PLACE | however , the more radical members of the cns felt that its commitment to votes for married women was too half-hearted . |
114 | cons | 3 | PLACE | both cobden and sandhurst were victorious in the elections on 19 january 1889 ; they were joined by emma cons , whom the progressive majority on the council selected to serve as an alderman . |
115 | national society | 3 | INSTITUTION | in about 1879 she became a member of the national society for women 's suffrage , which had been founded in 1867 in the wake of the 1866 " ladies petition " . |
116 | biography | 3 | SEQUENCE | however , jane in particular wanted a more substantial memorial , and secured the services of john morley , whose biography of richard cobden was published in 1881 . |
117 | george lansbury | 3 | PERSON | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
118 | body | 3 | BODY | jane joined the executive committee of the new body , which encouraged the affiliation of women 's liberal associations and hoped that a future liberal government would grant women 's enfranchisement . |
119 | oclc | 3 | UNKNOWN | 1900 . oclc 25172346 . |
120 | politicians | 3 | PERSON | people from paddington * liberal party ( uk ) politicians * |
121 | affiliation | 2 | GROUP | the national society 's general stance was cautious ; it avoided close identification with political parties , and for this reason would not accept affiliation from branches of the women 's liberal federation . |
122 | o' donnell | 2 | PERSON | o' donnell , the principles of the plan of campaign were : " the tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . |
123 | beresford hope | 2 | PERSON | almost immediately , however , sandhurst 's defeated conservative opponent , beresford hope , lodged a legal challenge against her election . |
124 | ^d ^e | 2 | UNKNOWN |  |
125 | minister | 2 | HUMAN ROLE | the bill was finally abandoned when the liberal prime minister , h. h. asquith , replaced it with a bill extending the male suffrage . |
126 | disagreement | 2 | EVENT | she stayed in the liberal party , despite her profound disagreement with its stance on the suffrage issue . |
127 | girls | 2 | PERSON | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
128 | occupation | 2 | ACT | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
129 | tract | 2 | PERSON | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
130 | plan | 2 | PLAN | she and her sisters supported the irish plan of campaign , a scheme whereby tenants acted collectively to secure fair rents from their landlords . |
131 | county councillors | 2 | EVENT | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
132 | latter | 2 | UNKNOWN | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
133 | fernhurst | 2 | UNKNOWN | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
134 | midst | 2 | PLACE | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
135 | hall | 2 | PLACE | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
136 | joseph chamberlain | 2 | PERSON | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
137 | bill | 2 | PERSON | bill by your presence and your vote " . |
138 | history | 2 | UNIT | liberal democrat history group newsletter ( 12 ) : 11 . |
139 | beginning | 2 | ACT | he rebuilt the property as a large villa , dunford house , which became jane cobden 's childhood home from the beginning of 1854 . |
140 | organisation | 2 | ORGANISATION | from 1906 , along with helen bright clark , she was an active member of the aborigines ' protection society , an organisation concerned with the rights of indigenous peoples under colonial rule ; the society merged with the anti-slavery society in 1909 . |
141 | john | 2 | PERSON | with john bright he had co-founded the anti-corn law league which in the 1840s had spearheaded the successful campaign for the abolition of the corn laws . |
142 | liberal association | 2 | INSTITUTION | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
143 | law | 2 | PERSON | although she was sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister anne cobden-sanderson , who chose to campaign using militant , illegal methods , she kept her own activities within the law . |
144 | oxford university press | 2 | INSTITUTION | oxford university press doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/38683 . |
145 | works | 2 | UNKNOWN | in south kensington , ellen , jane and anne , often joined by kate , established a sisterhood determined both to preserve richard cobden 's memory and works and to uphold his principles and radical causes by actions of their own . |
146 | appeal | 2 | PERSON | her appeal was dismissed , and beresford |
147 | wilson | 2 | PERSON | ^ wilson , p. 48 39 . |
148 | women politicians | 2 | PERSON | 19th-century english women politicians * |
149 | chamberlain | 2 | PERSON | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
150 | pages | 2 | DOCUMENT | after visiting ireland with the women 's mission to ireland in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages of the english press to expose the mistreatment of evicted tenants . |
151 | boer war | 2 | EVENT | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
152 | wales | 2 | PLACE | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
153 | months | 2 | PERIOD | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
154 | oxford | 2 | PERSON | oxford dictionary of national biography ( online ed . ) . |
155 | wfl | 2 | UNKNOWN | in 1889 this group , which included jane cobden and emmeline pankhurst , formed the women 's franchise league ( wfl ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . |
156 | penalties | 2 | INSTANCE | he argued that since they had been elected or selected unlawfully , their votes in the council had likewise been unlawful , making them liable to heavy financial penalties . |
157 | representation | 2 | PERSON | partly in recognition of women 's contributions , the representation of the people |
158 | manchester | 2 | PLACE | to a meeting in manchester , cobden expressed confidence that " manchester ... will tell mr chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . |
159 | franchise | 2 | ACT | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
160 | sickert | 2 | UNKNOWN | ellen later married the painter walter sickert . |
161 | commons | 2 | UNKNOWN | he returned to the house of commons in may 1859 , as liberal mp for rochdale . |
162 | act | 2 | ACT | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
163 | political union | 2 | PLACE | edwardian campaigner votes for women , 1903-14 members of the women 's social and political union campaigning for women 's suffrage in london , around 1910 although cobden 's views were more progressive than those of the liberal party 's mainstream , she stayed a member of the party , believing that it remained the best political vehicle whereby her causes could be advanced . |
164 | cobden memorial association | 2 | INSTITUTION | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
165 | landlord | 2 | PERSON | o' donnell , the principles of the plan of campaign were : " the tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . |
166 | chichester | 2 | PERSON | others were eventually collected , with other cobden family documents , by the west sussex county council record office at chichester . |
167 | candidates | 2 | AMOUNT | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
168 | wing | 2 | PERSON | jane became an active liberal , on the radical wing of the party . |
169 | social | 2 | FOOD | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
170 | portrait | 2 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
171 | views | 2 | PERSON | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
172 | sister | 2 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
173 | dunford | 2 | PLACE | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
174 | development | 2 | UNKNOWN | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
175 | england | 2 | PLACE | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
176 | personality | 2 | STATE | jane cobden as a formidable personality , known by her husband 's publishing colleagues as " the jane " , who took a keen and even intrusive interest in the work of the publishing house . |
177 | link | 2 | EVENT | the times . p. 6 . { { cite news } } : cs1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) 28 . |
178 | abolition | 2 | EVENT | with john bright he had co-founded the anti-corn law league which in the 1840s had spearheaded the successful campaign for the abolition of the corn laws . |
179 | behalf | 2 | PERSON | in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf of the friends of russian freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the hague convention , then in session in geneva |
180 | version | 2 | PERMISSION | 2. ^ a french version of schwabe 's book was published in paris ; the english version was delayed until 1895 , when it was published by thomas fisher unwin , who had by then become jane 's husband . |
181 | september | 2 | PERIOD | ^ richardson , p. 232 50 . ^ baines , malcolm ( september 1996 ) . |
182 | names | 2 | NAME | the times . p. 6 . { { cite news } } : cs1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) 28 . |
183 | ownership | 2 | STATE | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
184 | education centre | 2 | UNKNOWN | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
185 | suffrage movement | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
186 | presidency | 2 | POSITION | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
187 | peoples | 2 | PERSON | unwin 's involvement in a range of world and humanitarian causes led cobden— who adopted the surname " cobden unwin " —to extend her interests to international peace and justice , reform in the congo , and more generally the rights of aboriginal peoples . |
188 | group | 2 | GROUP | in 1889 this group , which included jane cobden and emmeline pankhurst , formed the women 's franchise league ( wfl ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . |
189 | issues | 2 | EVENT | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
190 | association | 2 | INSTITUTION | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
191 | ladies petition | 2 | REQUEST | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
192 | violence | 2 | ACTION | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
193 | jackson | 2 | PERSON | morley 's own biographer , richard jackson , describes the cobden book as " overlong " and uncritical , though " an unpretentious and attractive personality emerges clearly " . |
194 | lse | 2 | UNKNOWN | house to the london school of economics ( lse ) , of which she had become a governor . |
195 | stop the war committee | 2 | HUMAN GROUP |  |
196 | era | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | provides at once an anticipation of , and a direct contrast to , the militant suffragism of the edwardian era " . |
197 | coronation procession | 2 | ACT | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
198 | ^a ^b hollis | 2 | PERSON |  |
199 | establishment | 2 | EVENT | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
200 | germany | 2 | PLACE | in april 1856 dick , who was at school at weinheim in germany , died there after a short illness . |
201 | times | 2 | UNKNOWN | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
202 | activities | 2 | ACTIVITY | although she was sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister anne cobden-sanderson , who chose to campaign using militant , illegal methods , she kept her own activities within the law . |
203 | prison | 2 | SOFTWARE | cobden was urged by lansbury and others not to pay even this token , but to go to prison ; she declined this course of action . |
204 | campaigns | 2 | PERSON | early campaigns women 's suffrage from the late 1870s the cobden sisters began to follow different pathways . |
205 | councillor | 2 | PLACE | her election was controversial ; legal challenges to her eligibility hampered and eventually prevented her from serving as a councillor . |
206 | memory | 2 | EVENT | in south kensington , ellen , jane and anne , often joined by kate , established a sisterhood determined both to preserve richard cobden 's memory and works and to uphold his principles and radical causes by actions of their own . |
207 | thomas fisher unwin | 2 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
208 | publication | 2 | ACTION | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
209 | sussex | 2 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
210 | business | 2 | EVENT | in the 1830s , richard had handed control of his prosperous calico-printing business to his brothers , so that he could concentrate on public service . |
211 | diary | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
212 | mission | 2 | PLACE | after visiting ireland with the women 's mission to ireland in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages of the english press to expose the mistreatment of evicted tenants . |
213 | position | 2 | POSITION | on 17 november 1888 a group of liberal women decided to test the legal position . |
214 | men | 2 | PERSON | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
215 | archived | 2 | UNKNOWN | archived from the original on 14 july 2014 . |
216 | cobden sisterhood | 2 | PERSON | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
217 | speaker | 2 | CONCEPT | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
218 | enthusiasm | 2 | CONDITION | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
219 | john morley | 2 | PERSON | however , jane in particular wanted a more substantial memorial , and secured the services of john morley , whose biography of richard cobden was published in 1881 . |
220 | cobdenite | 2 | UNKNOWN | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
221 | county councils | 2 | PERSON | however , the local government act 1888 , which created county councils , was interpreted by some as allowing women 's election to these new bodies . |
222 | dublin | 2 | PLACE | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
223 | lansbury | 2 | PERSON | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
224 | lcc | 2 | UNKNOWN | the portrait was exhibited at the society of lady artists in 1891 , and was later installed in the council chamber of the london county council ( lcc ) . |
225 | beatrice webb | 2 | PERSON | according to beatrice webb , co-founder of the school , she soon regretted the gift ; |
226 | meeting | 2 | ACTIVITY | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
227 | authors list | 2 | ACTION | the times . p. 6 . { { cite news } } : cs1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) 28 . |
228 | eligibility | 2 | STATE | her election was controversial ; legal challenges to her eligibility hampered and eventually prevented her from serving as a councillor . |
229 | actions | 2 | ACTION | in south kensington , ellen , jane and anne , often joined by kate , established a sisterhood determined both to preserve richard cobden 's memory and works and to uphold his principles and radical causes by actions of their own . |
230 | university | 2 | INSTITUTION | oxford university press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/38683 . |
231 | cns | 2 | UNKNOWN | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
232 | emma cons | 2 | PERSON | both cobden and sandhurst were victorious in the elections on 19 january 1889 ; they were joined by emma cons , whom the progressive majority on the council selected to serve as an alderman . |
233 | secretary | 2 | PERSON | she and unwin opposed the boer war ( 1899-1902 ) ; both were founder-members of the pro-boer south african conciliation committee , cobden acting as the committee 's secretary . |
234 | liberalism | 2 | ACTION | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
235 | feminism | 2 | PERSON | schneer also remarks that this " pioneering political venture of british feminism ... |
236 | maint | 2 | PERSON | the times . p. 6 . { { cite news } } : cs1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) 28 . |
237 | bow | 2 | PERSON | cobden was adopted by the party 's bow and bromley division , and sandhurst by brixton . |
238 | van wingerden | 2 | UNKNOWN | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
239 | wspu prisoners | 1 | PERSON | on anne 's release a month later , cobden and her husband attended a celebration banquet at the savoy hotel , together with other wspu prisoners . |
240 | soil resident | 1 | PERSON | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
241 | mr chamberlain | 1 | PERSON | to a meeting in manchester , cobden expressed confidence that " manchester ... will tell mr chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . |
242 | goodwill | 1 | PERSON | to a meeting in manchester , cobden expressed confidence that " manchester ... will tell mr chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . |
243 | suffrage issue | 1 | EVENT | she stayed in the liberal party , despite her profound disagreement with its stance on the suffrage issue . |
244 | land reform issue | 1 | PERSON | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
245 | rents | 1 | MONEY | she and her sisters supported the irish plan of campaign , a scheme whereby tenants acted collectively to secure fair rents from their landlords . |
246 | london demonstration | 1 | PLACE | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
247 | eldest | 1 | PERSON | catherine and her four younger daughters moved to a house in south kensington — the eldest , kate , had married in 1866 . |
248 | gift | 1 | PERSON | according to beatrice webb , co-founder of the school , she soon regretted the gift ; |
249 | writer george macdonald | 1 | PERSON | in london , she and her sisters extended their range of acquaintances into literary and artistic circles ; among their new friends were the writer george macdonald and the pre-raphaelites william and jane morris and edward burne-jones . |
250 | matters | 1 | STATE | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
251 | days | 1 | PERIOD | the procession marched on 17 june 1911 , a few days before king george v's coronation . |
252 | april paddington | 1 | PERSON |  |
253 | victims | 1 | EVENT | cobden maintained her commitment to the cause of irish independence , and offered personal help to victims of the black and tans during the irish war of independence , 1919-21 . |
254 | opposition | 1 | EVENT | she was , howe says , " a woman of sentiment and enthusiasm who took up ( and sometimes speedily dropped ) causes with a fire which brooked no opposition " . |
255 | field | 1 | LAND | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
256 | discussion | 1 | EVENT | when the third of these was under discussion , cobden sought the help of the irish parliamentary party by reminding them of the support women had given to ireland during the land league agitation : |
257 | biographer | 1 | PERSON | morley 's own biographer , richard jackson , describes the cobden book as " overlong " and uncritical , though " an unpretentious and attractive personality emerges clearly " . |
258 | bodleian library | 1 | PLACE | bodleian library of commonwealth & african studies . |
259 | work | 1 | ACTIVITY | jane cobden as a formidable personality , known by her husband 's publishing colleagues as " the jane " , who took a keen and even intrusive interest in the work of the publishing house . |
260 | cobden family documents | 1 | DOCUMENT | others were eventually collected , with other cobden family documents , by the west sussex county council record office at chichester . |
261 | born emma jane catherine cobden | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
262 | journalist francis wrigley hirst | 1 | PERSON | with the help of the writer and journalist francis wrigley hirst and others , the house became a conference and education centre for pursuing the traditional cobdenite causes of free trade , peace and goodwill . |
263 | weinheim | 1 | UNKNOWN | in april 1856 dick , who was at school at weinheim in germany , died there after a short illness . |
264 | surname | 1 | PORTION | unwin 's involvement in a range of world and humanitarian causes led cobden— who adopted the surname " cobden unwin " —to extend her interests to international peace and justice , reform in the congo , and more generally the rights of aboriginal peoples . |
265 | p. sources | 1 | SPACE |  |
266 | ages | 1 | EVENT | she and her younger sister anne , at the ages of 12 and 10 respectively , taught classes in the local village school . |
267 | notes | 1 | UNKNOWN | notes and references notes 1 . ^ morley 's biography of richard cobden records dick 's death , but does not name him . |
268 | activities jane cobden | 1 | PERSON | social , political and humanitarian activities jane cobden although the cause of women 's suffrage remained her principal concern , at least until the first world war , cobden was active in other campaigns . |
269 | landlords | 1 | PERSON | she and her sisters supported the irish plan of campaign , a scheme whereby tenants acted collectively to secure fair rents from their landlords . |
270 | walter mclaren | 1 | PERSON | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
271 | sir henry campbell bannerman | 1 | PERSON |  |
272 | cobdenite causes | 1 | CAUSE | with the help of the writer and journalist francis wrigley hirst and others , the house became a conference and education centre for pursuing the traditional cobdenite causes of free trade , peace and goodwill . |
273 | hope | 1 | PERSON | almost immediately , however , sandhurst 's defeated conservative opponent , beresford hope , lodged a legal challenge against her election . |
274 | franchise league | 1 | GROUP | in 1889 this group , which included jane cobden and emmeline pankhurst , formed the women 's franchise league ( wfl ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . |
275 | land hunger | 1 | PERSON | the cobdenite cause of land reform was revived in the 1900s as a major liberal policy , helped in 1913 by the publication of jane cobden 's book the land hunger : |
276 | terms | 1 | TERM | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
277 | paddington | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
278 | news | 1 | PERSON | the news was a devastating shock to the family , and caused richard 's temporary withdrawal from public life . |
279 | woman | 1 | PERSON | she was , howe says , " a woman of sentiment and enthusiasm who took up ( and sometimes speedily dropped ) causes with a fire which brooked no opposition " . |
280 | april dick | 1 | PERSON |  |
281 | eds | 1 | UNKNOWN | richardson , sarah , in howe , anthony and morgan , simon ( eds ) : nineteenth century liberalism : richard cobden bicentenary essays ( 2006 ) . |
282 | relations | 1 | RELATION | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
283 | motion | 1 | ACTION | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
284 | cobden— | 1 | UNKNOWN | unwin 's involvement in a range of world and humanitarian causes led cobden— who adopted the surname " cobden unwin " —to extend her interests to international peace and justice , reform in the congo , and more generally the rights of aboriginal peoples . |
285 | trove | 1 | COLLECTION | australia people * trove retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jane cobden&oldid=1287 785967 " categories : * english women 's rights activists * |
286 | sister anne | 1 | PERSON | although she was sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister anne cobden-sanderson , who chose to campaign using militant , illegal methods , she kept her own activities within the law . |
287 | page | 1 | DOCUMENT | this page was last edited on 28 april 2025 , at 13:22 ( utc ) . |
288 | distress | 1 | STATE | jane sent money and food to alleviate the ryan family 's distress . |
289 | memorial | 1 | ACT | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
290 | committee meetings | 1 | ACTIVITY | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
291 | ucl press | 1 | INSTITUTION | london : ucl press . |
292 | departure | 1 | EVENT | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
293 | article | 1 | ARTICLE | in 1904 , richard cobden 's centenary year , she published the hungry forties , described by anthony howe in a biographical article as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract " . |
294 | peter t | 1 | PERSON | ^ marsh , peter t ( january 2011 ) . |
295 | dame millicent garrett | 1 | PERSON | " fawcett , dame millicent garrett " . |
296 | movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
297 | nominations | 1 | ACT | despite objections from the conservatives , the women 's nominations were accepted by the local returning officers . |
298 | contribution | 1 | EVENT | " in doing so " , richardson concludes , " they proved themselves worthy successors to their father , guaranteeing that his contribution was not only sustained , but remodelled for a new age " . |
299 | constituency | 1 | PERSON | in protest against the liberal government 's suffrage policies and its harsh treatment of militants , cobden resigned her honorary presidency of the women 's liberal association in rochdale , her father 's last constituency . |
300 | land reform policy | 1 | PERSON | the society 's line was to support the botha government 's land reform policy ; |
301 | sufferers | 1 | PERSON | the girls were encouraged by their father to contribute what money they possessed to relieve local poverty : " do not keep the money ... as you have now made up your minds to give it to poor sufferers , let your own neighbours have it . |
302 | protest | 1 | PERSON | in protest against the liberal government 's suffrage policies and its harsh treatment of militants , cobden resigned her honorary presidency of the women 's liberal association in rochdale , her father 's last constituency . |
303 | hirst | 1 | PERSON | with the help of the writer and journalist francis wrigley hirst and others , the house became a conference and education centre for pursuing the traditional cobdenite causes of free trade , peace and goodwill . |
304 | tripoli | 1 | PLACE | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
305 | emma jane catherine cobden | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
306 | socialism | 1 | GROUP | anne married thomas sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . |
307 | nature | 1 | NATURE | after their father 's death jane and anne attended warrington lodge school in maida hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . |
308 | course | 1 | PERSON | cobden was urged by lansbury and others not to pay even this token , but to go to prison ; she declined this course of action . |
309 | statutory twelve months | 1 | PERIOD | when the statutory twelve months elapsed without challenge , she resumed her full range of duties . |
310 | dick | 1 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
311 | maunsel | 1 | UNKNOWN | dublin : maunsel & co . oclc 2282481 . |
312 | absences | 1 | ABSENCE | because of his many absences from home , on parliamentary and other business , richard |
313 | contents jane cobden | 1 | PERSON | search toggle the table of contents jane cobden ( button ) 11 languages add topic |
314 | co founder | 1 | PERSON |  |
315 | story | 1 | PERSON | cobden and his kate : the story of a marriage . |
316 | black | 1 | PERSON | cobden maintained her commitment to the cause of irish independence , and offered personal help to victims of the black and tans during the irish war of independence , 1919-21 . |
317 | cobden country | 1 | PLACE | ^ ^a ^b " cobden country " ( pdf ) . |
318 | places | 1 | PLACE | the women took their places on the inaugural council , and each accepted a range of committee assignments . |
319 | bush | 1 | PERSON | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
320 | services | 1 | UNKNOWN | however , jane in particular wanted a more substantial memorial , and secured the services of john morley , whose biography of richard cobden was published in 1881 . |
321 | vintage | 1 | EVENT | london : vintage . |
322 | seat | 1 | EVENT | this hiatus was prolonged when , in 1857 , he lost his parliamentary seat . |
323 | split | 1 | PLACE | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
324 | friend emily osborn | 1 | PERSON | 5. ^ in 1889 jane cobden 's portrait was painted by her friend emily osborn , with whom she was then sharing a house . |
325 | old vic theatre | 1 | PLACE | the funds eventually went to the old vic theatre , which cons 's niece lilian baylis developed from the " royal victoria coffee music hall " established by cons in 1880 . 7 . ^ |
326 | sir john harris | 1 | PERSON | cobden denounced sir john harris , the society 's parliamentary representative , for being a false friend to the native people by secretly working against them . |
327 | depicts jane cobden | 1 | PERSON |  |
328 | ruin | 1 | CONDITION | by 1849 , the business was failing and richard was close to financial ruin . |
329 | action | 1 | ACTION | cobden was urged by lansbury and others not to pay even this token , but to go to prison ; she declined this course of action . |
330 | statesman richard cobden | 1 | PERSON | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
331 | essay | 1 | PERSON | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
332 | weeks | 1 | PERIOD | cobden died after a severe bronchial attack on 2 april 1865 , a few weeks before jane 's 14th birthday . |
333 | ^a ^b ^c ^d taylor | 1 | PERSON |  |
334 | letters | 1 | EVENT | cobden was a somewhat remote figure to his daughters , although his letters indicate that he felt warmly towards them and that he wished to direct their political education . |
335 | funds | 1 | QUANTITY | the funds eventually went to the old vic theatre , which cons 's niece lilian baylis developed from the " royal victoria coffee music hall " established by cons in 1880 . 7 . ^ |
336 | edward burne jones | 1 | PERSON |  |
337 | judges | 1 | UNKNOWN | when this was heard on 18 march , the judges ruled sandhurst disqualified under the provisions of the 1882 act . |
338 | union | 1 | PLACE | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
339 | pankhursts | 1 | UNKNOWN | the pankhursts . |
340 | birthday | 1 | PERSON | cobden died after a severe bronchial attack on 2 april 1865 , a few weeks before jane 's 14th birthday . |
341 | war | 1 | EVENT | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
342 | memorabilia | 1 | STATE | the house contains numerous memorabilia of the cobden family . |
343 | amendments | 1 | STATE | in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf of the friends of russian freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the hague convention , then in session in geneva |
344 | attachment | 1 | STATE | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
345 | lecturers | 1 | PERSON | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
346 | ^a ^b rogers | 1 | PERSON |  |
347 | calico printing business | 1 | EVENT |  |
348 | world congress | 1 | STATE | in 1893 , with laura ormiston chant , she represented the wfl in chicago at the world congress of representative women . |
349 | andrew | 1 | PERSON | rosen , andrew ( 1974 ) . |
350 | control | 1 | GROUP | in the 1830s , richard had handed control of his prosperous calico-printing business to his brothers , so that he could concentrate on public service . |
351 | entry may | 1 | PERIOD |  |
352 | poorest | 1 | UNKNOWN | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
353 | events | 1 | EVENT | it was one of several free trade books and pamphlets issued by the fisher unwin press which , together with celebratory centenary events , helped to define free trade as a major progressive cause of the edwardian era . |
354 | issue | 1 | PERSON | she stayed in the liberal party , despite her profound disagreement with its stance on the suffrage issue . |
355 | potter | 1 | PERSON | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
356 | jane morris | 1 | PERSON | in london , she and her sisters extended their range of acquaintances into literary and artistic circles ; among their new friends were the writer george macdonald and the pre-raphaelites william and jane morris and edward burne-jones . |
357 | governor | 1 | PERSON | house to the london school of economics ( lse ) , of which she had become a governor . |
358 | advice cobden | 1 | PERSON | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
359 | session | 1 | PERIOD | in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf of the friends of russian freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the hague convention , then in session in geneva |
360 | bromley | 1 | PERSON | cobden was adopted by the party 's bow and bromley division , and sandhurst by brixton . |
361 | chicago | 1 | PLACE | in 1893 , with laura ormiston chant , she represented the wfl in chicago at the world congress of representative women . |
362 | john dillon | 1 | PERSON | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
363 | background | 1 | PERSON | family background and childhood jane cobden was born on 28 april 1851 in westbourne terrace , london . |
364 | situation | 1 | SITUATION | after a further parliamentary attempt to resolve the situation failed , she sat out the remaining months of her term as a councillor in silence , neither speaking nor voting , and did not seek re-election in the 1892 county elections . |
365 | h. h. asquith | 1 | PERSON | the bill was finally abandoned when the liberal prime minister , h. h. asquith , replaced it with a bill extending the male suffrage . |
366 | friend | 1 | PERSON | together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , julie salis schwabe . |
367 | helen bright clark | 1 | PERSON | from 1906 , along with helen bright clark , she was an active member of the aborigines ' protection society , an organisation concerned with the rights of indigenous peoples under colonial rule ; the society merged with the anti-slavery society in 1909 . |
368 | webb | 1 | PERSON | according to beatrice webb , co-founder of the school , she soon regretted the gift ; |
369 | prosperity | 1 | CONDITION | during the 1930s , under hirst 's direction , dunford house continued to preach what howe describes as " the pure milk of the cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in britain and in continental europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . |
370 | tax resistance league | 1 | PERSON | the wspu was split when members who objected to the pankhurst family 's authoritarian leadership formed themselves into the women 's freedom league ; cobden did not join anne in the breakaway movement , although she supported its associated body , the women 's tax resistance league . |
371 | hague convention | 1 | PLACE | in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf of the friends of russian freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the hague convention , then in session in geneva |
372 | parliament trust | 1 | TRUST | university of london & history of parliament trust . |
373 | savoy hotel | 1 | PERSON | on anne 's release a month later , cobden and her husband attended a celebration banquet at the savoy hotel , together with other wspu prisoners . |
374 | anti imperialist | 1 | PERSON |  |
375 | june | 1 | PERIOD | the procession marched on 17 june 1911 , a few days before king george v's coronation . |
376 | militants | 1 | PERSON | in protest against the liberal government 's suffrage policies and its harsh treatment of militants , cobden resigned her honorary presidency of the women 's liberal association in rochdale , her father 's last constituency . |
377 | jane cobden portrait | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
378 | cobden daughters | 1 | PERSON | the book makes no references to any of the cobden daughters . |
379 | scheme | 1 | CONDITION | she and her sisters supported the irish plan of campaign , a scheme whereby tenants acted collectively to secure fair rents from their landlords . |
380 | years jane | 1 | PERSON |  |
381 | ^a ^b howe | 1 | PERSON |  |
382 | francis wrigley | 1 | PERSON | with the help of the writer and journalist francis wrigley hirst and others , the house became a conference and education centre for pursuing the traditional cobdenite causes of free trade , peace and goodwill . |
383 | local government act | 1 | ACT | however , the local government act 1888 , which created county councils , was interpreted by some as allowing women 's election to these new bodies . |
384 | influence | 1 | PERSON | in later years they would all acknowledge his influence over their ideas . |
385 | cobdenism | 1 | CONCEPT | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
386 | confidence | 1 | EMOTION | to a meeting in manchester , cobden expressed confidence that " manchester ... will tell mr chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . |
387 | re publication | 1 | ACTION |  |
388 | rent | 1 | MONEY | o' donnell , the principles of the plan of campaign were : " the tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . |
389 | spirits | 1 | STATE | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
390 | jane cobden campaign poster | 1 | PERSON | a jane cobden campaign poster , january 1889 under the municipal corporations |
391 | patrick | 1 | PERSON | jackson , patrick ( 2012 ) . |
392 | arts | 1 | LANGUAGE | anne married thomas sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . |
393 | celebratory | 1 | UNKNOWN | it was one of several free trade books and pamphlets issued by the fisher unwin press which , together with celebratory centenary events , helped to define free trade as a major progressive cause of the edwardian era . |
394 | lady | 1 | PERSON | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
395 | crafts | 1 | ACTIVITY | anne married thomas sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . |
396 | desire | 1 | EVENT | the dedication read : " to the memory of richard cobden who loved his native land , these pages are dedicated by his daughter , in the hope that his desire — |
397 | conciliation bills | 1 | PERSON | during 1910-12 several conciliation bills extending the parliamentary vote to a limited number of propertied women , were debated in the house of commons . |
398 | power | 1 | POWER | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
399 | qualification | 1 | SET | women did not receive the right to sit on county councils until 1907 , with the passage of the qualification of women act . |
400 | janet | 1 | PERSON | ^ howarth , janet ( october 2007 ) . |
401 | cobden club | 1 | INSTITUTION | in the meantime , in 1879 , she helped to found the cobden club in heyshott , close to her father 's birthplace . |
402 | emma | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
403 | fairleigh dickinson university press | 1 | INSTITUTION | plymouth : fairleigh dickinson university press . isbn 978-1-61147-534-0 . morley , john ( 1903 ) . |
404 | cobden children | 1 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
405 | minds | 1 | PERSON | the girls were encouraged by their father to contribute what money they possessed to relieve local poverty : " do not keep the money ... as you have now made up your minds to give it to poor sufferers , let your own neighbours have it . |
406 | williams | 1 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
407 | hands | 1 | PERSON | after their father 's death jane and anne attended warrington lodge school in maida hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . |
408 | land league | 1 | PERSON | jane adopted her father 's standpoint on irish land reform , yet embraced the cause of irish home rule—on which she lectured regularly — and was a strong supporter of the land league . |
409 | margaret sandhurst | 1 | PERSON | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
410 | pamphlets | 1 | PERSON | it was one of several free trade books and pamphlets issued by the fisher unwin press which , together with celebratory centenary events , helped to define free trade as a major progressive cause of the edwardian era . |
411 | acquaintances | 1 | WORD | in london , she and her sisters extended their range of acquaintances into literary and artistic circles ; among their new friends were the writer george macdonald and the pre-raphaelites william and jane morris and edward burne-jones . |
412 | new york | 1 | PLACE | basingstoke , uk and new york : palgrave macmillan . |
413 | term | 1 | TERM | after a further parliamentary attempt to resolve the situation failed , she sat out the remaining months of her term as a councillor in silence , neither speaking nor voting , and did not seek re-election in the 1892 county elections . |
414 | english history | 1 | UNIT | english history 1914-45 . |
415 | irish war | 1 | EVENT | cobden maintained her commitment to the cause of irish independence , and offered personal help to victims of the black and tans during the irish war of independence , 1919-21 . |
416 | cobdenian | 1 | UNKNOWN | during the 1930s , under hirst 's direction , dunford house continued to preach what howe describes as " the pure milk of the cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in britain and in continental europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . |
417 | publications | 1 | ACTION | london : historical publications . |
418 | responsibilities | 1 | RESPONSIBILITY | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
419 | hiatus | 1 | PERSON | this hiatus was prolonged when , in 1857 , he lost his parliamentary seat . |
420 | central national society | 1 | INSTITUTION | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
421 | schwabe | 1 | PERSON | together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , julie salis schwabe . |
422 | elizabeth | 1 | PERSON | ( subscription required ) 59 . ^ richardson , p. 246 sources * crawford , elizabeth ( 1999 ) . |
423 | frame | 1 | RESOURCE | in 1989 it was cut from its frame and stolen , after the abolition of the lcc 's successor body , the greater london council . 6 . ^ |
424 | children | 1 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
425 | election fund | 1 | QUANTITY | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
426 | publisher thomas fisher unwin | 1 | PERSON | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
427 | rowntree | 1 | PERSON | ^ rowntree , isabella , sickert , ellen and cobden , jane ( 27 october 1887 ) . |
428 | efficiency | 1 | PLACE | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
429 | insanity | 1 | STATE | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
430 | ladies elect | 1 | PERSON | ladies elect : |
431 | council chamber | 1 | PERSON | the portrait was exhibited at the society of lady artists in 1891 , and was later installed in the council chamber of the london county council ( lcc ) . |
432 | search toggle | 1 | DEVICE | search toggle the table of contents jane cobden ( button ) 11 languages add topic |
433 | morgan | 1 | PERSON | richardson , sarah , in howe , anthony and morgan , simon ( eds ) : nineteenth century liberalism : richard cobden bicentenary essays ( 2006 ) . |
434 | mama | 1 | PERSON | your mama will tell you how to dispose of it , and tell me all about it " . |
435 | sophia van wingerden marks | 1 | PERSON | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
436 | branches | 1 | BRANCH | the national society 's general stance was cautious ; it avoided close identification with political parties , and for this reason would not accept affiliation from branches of the women 's liberal federation . |
437 | british studies | 1 | STUDY | journal of british studies . |
438 | west sussex county council record office | 1 | PLACE | others were eventually collected , with other cobden family documents , by the west sussex county council record office at chichester . |
439 | pro boer south african conciliation committee | 1 | HUMAN GROUP |  |
440 | h. g. wells | 1 | PERSON |  |
441 | access | 1 | PERSON | 3 . ^ morley had never met richard cobden , but was given full access to the family 's papers . |
442 | returning officers | 1 | PERSON | despite objections from the conservatives , the women 's nominations were accepted by the local returning officers . |
443 | paths | 1 | SEQUENCE | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
444 | world war | 1 | EVENT | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
445 | differences | 1 | STATE | ellen , jane and anne were now displaying considerable independence of spirit , and differences of opinion arose between mother and daughters . |
446 | african studies | 1 | STUDY | bodleian library of commonwealth & african studies . |
447 | politician | 1 | PERSON | emma jane catherine cobden ( 28 april 1851 - 7 july 1947 ) was a british liberal politician who was active in many radical causes . |
448 | cobden archives | 1 | PERSON | 117-18 4 . ^ " the cobden archives " . |
449 | united kingdom | 1 | PLACE | parliament of the united kingdom . |
450 | conviction | 1 | ACT | during the 1930s , under hirst 's direction , dunford house continued to preach what howe describes as " the pure milk of the cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in britain and in continental europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . |
451 | list | 1 | ACTION | in 1892 , at the age of 41 , cobden married thomas fisher unwin , an avant-garde publisher whose list included works by henrik ibsen , friedrich nietzsche , h. g. |
452 | food | 1 | FOOD | jane sent money and food to alleviate the ryan family 's distress . |
453 | king george | 1 | PERSON | the procession marched on 17 june 1911 , a few days before king george v's coronation . |
454 | henry william crosskey | 1 | PERSON | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
455 | attempt | 1 | ACTION | even so , her position on the council remained precarious , particularly after an attempt in parliament to legalise women 's rights to serve as county councillors gained little support . |
456 | martin | 1 | PERSON | pugh , martin ( 2008 ) . |
457 | english local government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | women in english local government 1865-1914 . |
458 | god | 1 | PERSON | " god gave the land to the people " ( pdf ) . |
459 | sisterhood richard cobden | 1 | PERSON |  |
460 | labour unrest | 1 | STATE | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
461 | sanderson | 1 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden sanderson ( sister ) |
462 | jean scott | 1 | PERSON | rogers , jean scott ( 1990 ) . |
463 | ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden sanderson | 1 | PERSON |  |
464 | stolen | 1 | PERSON | in 1989 it was cut from its frame and stolen , after the abolition of the lcc 's successor body , the greater london council . 6 . ^ |
465 | conservatives | 1 | UNKNOWN | despite objections from the conservatives , the women 's nominations were accepted by the local returning officers . |
466 | sarah | 1 | PERSON | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
467 | contact | 1 | GOVERNMENT | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
468 | extension | 1 | INSTITUTION | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
469 | fisher unwin press | 1 | INSTITUTION | it was one of several free trade books and pamphlets issued by the fisher unwin press which , together with celebratory centenary events , helped to define free trade as a major progressive cause of the edwardian era . |
470 | articles | 1 | ARTICLE | more spoken articles ) * university of bristol library special collections national * germany * united states * |
471 | workers | 1 | UNKNOWN | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
472 | blackburn | 1 | PERSON | morley of blackburn : a literary and political biography of john morley . |
473 | pension | 1 | INSTANCE | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
474 | meantime | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in the meantime , in 1879 , she helped to found the cobden club in heyshott , close to her father 's birthplace . |
475 | milk | 1 | PERSON | during the 1930s , under hirst 's direction , dunford house continued to preach what howe describes as " the pure milk of the cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in britain and in continental europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . |
476 | timber merchant | 1 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
477 | locality | 1 | SITUATION | o' donnell , the principles of the plan of campaign were : " the tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . |
478 | tariffs | 1 | PERSON | chamberlain had called for a policy of imperial preference , and the imposition of tariffs against countries opposed to britain 's imperial interests . |
479 | anyone | 1 | UNKNOWN | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
480 | letter october | 1 | PERIOD |  |
481 | celebration banquet | 1 | FOOD | on anne 's release a month later , cobden and her husband attended a celebration banquet at the savoy hotel , together with other wspu prisoners . |
482 | aborigines | 1 | UNKNOWN | from 1906 , along with helen bright clark , she was an active member of the aborigines ' protection society , an organisation concerned with the rights of indigenous peoples under colonial rule ; the society merged with the anti-slavery society in 1909 . |
483 | midhurst society | 1 | INSTITUTION | the midhurst society . |
484 | numbers | 1 | NUMBER | younger women volunteered in large numbers to help the war effort ; in july 1915 christabel pankhurst led a " right to serve " march down whitehall . |
485 | brothers | 1 | PERSON | in the 1830s , richard had handed control of his prosperous calico-printing business to his brothers , so that he could concentrate on public service . |
486 | births | 1 | CONDITION | english suffragists * 1851 births * 1947 deaths * |
487 | passage | 1 | PERSON | women did not receive the right to sit on county councils until 1907 , with the passage of the qualification of women act . |
488 | war years | 1 | PERIOD | during the war years 1914-18 , with the issue of women 's suffrage quiescent , cobden became increasingly involved in south african affairs . |
489 | segregationist policies | 1 | RULE | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
490 | westminster | 1 | PLACE | although cobden was now protected from challenge , the conservative member for westminster , sir walter de souza , instituted fresh court proceedings against both cobden and cons . |
491 | anne cobden sanderson | 1 | PERSON | other suffragists , including anne cobden sanderson , took a different view , and aligned themselves with socialist movements . |
492 | ideas | 1 | ACT | in later years they would all acknowledge his influence over their ideas . |
493 | administration | 1 | PLACE | " the administration of the law in ireland " . |
494 | view | 1 | PERSON | other suffragists , including anne cobden sanderson , took a different view , and aligned themselves with socialist movements . |
495 | colleagues | 1 | PERSON | together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , julie salis schwabe . |
496 | qualifications | 1 | SET | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
497 | poor | 1 | UNKNOWN | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
498 | service | 1 | INSTITUTION | in the 1830s , richard had handed control of his prosperous calico-printing business to his brothers , so that he could concentrate on public service . |
499 | lady artists | 1 | PERSON | the portrait was exhibited at the society of lady artists in 1891 , and was later installed in the council chamber of the london county council ( lcc ) . |
500 | references notes | 1 | UNKNOWN | notes and references notes 1 . ^ morley 's biography of richard cobden records dick 's death , but does not name him . |
501 | old vic | 1 | PLACE | the funds eventually went to the old vic theatre , which cons 's niece lilian baylis developed from the " royal victoria coffee music hall " established by cons in 1880 . 7 . ^ |
502 | breakaway movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | the wspu was split when members who objected to the pankhurst family 's authoritarian leadership formed themselves into the women 's freedom league ; cobden did not join anne in the breakaway movement , although she supported its associated body , the women 's tax resistance league . |
503 | richard jackson | 1 | PERSON | morley 's own biographer , richard jackson , describes the cobden book as " overlong " and uncritical , though " an unpretentious and attractive personality emerges clearly " . |
504 | introduction | 1 | ACT | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
505 | national liberal federation | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
506 | support women | 1 | PERSON | when the third of these was under discussion , cobden sought the help of the irish parliamentary party by reminding them of the support women had given to ireland during the land league agitation : |
507 | remarks | 1 | ACT | schneer also remarks that this " pioneering political venture of british feminism ... |
508 | doi | 1 | PERSON | oxford university press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/38683 . |
509 | family friend | 1 | PERSON | together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , julie salis schwabe . |
510 | bristol library special collections national | 1 | INSTITUTION | more spoken articles ) * university of bristol library special collections national * germany * united states * |
511 | associations | 1 | PERSON | jane joined the executive committee of the new body , which encouraged the affiliation of women 's liberal associations and hoped that a future liberal government would grant women 's enfranchisement . |
512 | bankruptcy | 1 | CONDITION | he was saved from bankruptcy by a public subscription which not only settled his debts but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse in which he had been born in 1804 , at dunford , near heyshott in sussex . |
513 | assignments | 1 | PROCESS | the women took their places on the inaugural council , and each accepted a range of committee assignments . |
514 | classes | 1 | UNKNOWN | she and her younger sister anne , at the ages of 12 and 10 respectively , taught classes in the local village school . |
515 | botha government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | the society 's line was to support the botha government 's land reform policy ; |
516 | greater london council | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in 1989 it was cut from its frame and stolen , after the abolition of the lcc 's successor body , the greater london council . 6 . ^ |
517 | penguin books | 1 | UNKNOWN | harmondsworth , uk : penguin books . |
518 | formation | 1 | ACT | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
519 | publishing house | 1 | PLACE | jane cobden as a formidable personality , known by her husband 's publishing colleagues as " the jane " , who took a keen and even intrusive interest in the work of the publishing house . |
520 | county elections | 1 | PERSON | after a further parliamentary attempt to resolve the situation failed , she sat out the remaining months of her term as a councillor in silence , neither speaking nor voting , and did not seek re-election in the 1892 county elections . |
521 | labour party | 1 | PERSON | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
522 | united states | 1 | PLACE | more spoken articles ) * university of bristol library special collections national * germany * united states * |
523 | property act | 1 | ACT | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
524 | cobden family | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
525 | trade principles | 1 | ACT | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
526 | territories | 1 | PERSON | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
527 | alderman | 1 | PERSON | both cobden and sandhurst were victorious in the elections on 19 january 1889 ; they were joined by emma cons , whom the progressive majority on the council selected to serve as an alderman . |
528 | involvement | 1 | ACT | unwin 's involvement in a range of world and humanitarian causes led cobden— who adopted the surname " cobden unwin " —to extend her interests to international peace and justice , reform in the congo , and more generally the rights of aboriginal peoples . |
529 | anthony howe | 1 | PERSON | in 1904 , richard cobden 's centenary year , she published the hungry forties , described by anthony howe in a biographical article as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract " . |
530 | suffrage policies | 1 | RULE | in protest against the liberal government 's suffrage policies and its harsh treatment of militants , cobden resigned her honorary presidency of the women 's liberal association in rochdale , her father 's last constituency . |
531 | bodies | 1 | BODY | however , the local government act 1888 , which created county councils , was interpreted by some as allowing women 's election to these new bodies . |
532 | living | 1 | PERSON | in october 1887 he wrote to jane : " you are true to the living and just instincts of your father ... you know your father 's heart better than john bright does " . |
533 | uncertainty | 1 | UNCERTAINTY | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
534 | party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ | 1 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
535 | both cobden | 1 | PERSON | both cobden and sandhurst were victorious in the elections on 19 january 1889 ; they were joined by emma cons , whom the progressive majority on the council selected to serve as an alderman . |
536 | presence | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | bill by your presence and your vote " . |
537 | emmeline pankhurst | 1 | PERSON | in 1889 this group , which included jane cobden and emmeline pankhurst , formed the women 's franchise league ( wfl ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . |
538 | ^a ^b o' donnell | 1 | PERSON |  |
539 | campaigns women | 1 | PERSON | early campaigns women 's suffrage from the late 1870s the cobden sisters began to follow different pathways . |
540 | feminists | 1 | PERSON | english feminists * |
541 | home rule movement | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | ireland and the home rule movement . |
542 | november | 1 | PERIOD | on 17 november 1888 a group of liberal women decided to test the legal position . |
543 | russian freedom | 1 | PERSON | in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf of the friends of russian freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the hague convention , then in session in geneva |
544 | st james | 1 | PERSON | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
545 | t. fisher unwin | 1 | PERSON | london : t. fisher unwin . |
546 | west riding | 1 | PERSON | she was the third daughter and fourth child of richard cobden , who at the time of her birth was a radical mp for the west riding . |
547 | stone | 1 | PERSON | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
548 | words | 1 | WORD | in other words , i would give ireland to the irish " . |
549 | cite news | 1 | PERSON | the times . p. 6 . { { cite news } } : cs1 maint : multiple names : authors list ( link ) 28 . |
550 | councillors | 1 | PLACE | act 1882 some women were qualified to vote in municipal elections , but were excluded from serving as councillors . |
551 | miles | 1 | UNKNOWN | ( subscription required ) 2 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d taylor , miles ( may 2009 ) . |
552 | utc | 1 | UNKNOWN | this page was last edited on 28 april 2025 , at 13:22 ( utc ) . |
553 | maida hill | 1 | HILL | after their father 's death jane and anne attended warrington lodge school in maida hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . |
554 | supporter | 1 | PERSON | jane adopted her father 's standpoint on irish land reform , yet embraced the cause of irish home rule—on which she lectured regularly — and was a strong supporter of the land league . |
555 | journal | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | journal of british studies . |
556 | poverty | 1 | QUALITY | the girls were encouraged by their father to contribute what money they possessed to relieve local poverty : " do not keep the money ... as you have now made up your minds to give it to poor sufferers , let your own neighbours have it . |
557 | identification | 1 | UNKNOWN | the national society 's general stance was cautious ; it avoided close identification with political parties , and for this reason would not accept affiliation from branches of the women 's liberal federation . |
558 | tans | 1 | ACT | cobden maintained her commitment to the cause of irish independence , and offered personal help to victims of the black and tans during the irish war of independence , 1919-21 . |
559 | richard cobden bicentenary essays | 1 | PERSON | richardson , sarah , in howe , anthony and morgan , simon ( eds ) : nineteenth century liberalism : richard cobden bicentenary essays ( 2006 ) . |
560 | cobden sisters | 1 | PERSON | early campaigns women 's suffrage from the late 1870s the cobden sisters began to follow different pathways . |
561 | villa | 1 | PLACE | he rebuilt the property as a large villa , dunford house , which became jane cobden 's childhood home from the beginning of 1854 . |
562 | cloughbready | 1 | UNKNOWN | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
563 | chapman | 1 | PERSON | oclc 67567974 . ( first published by chapman and hall , london 1881 ) o' donnell , michael ( 1908 ) . |
564 | approval | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
565 | protection | 1 | ACT | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
566 | person | 1 | PERSON | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
567 | couple | 1 | EVENT | the couple settled in south kensington , from where cobden continued to pursue her own causes . |
568 | fire | 1 | FIRE | she was , howe says , " a woman of sentiment and enthusiasm who took up ( and sometimes speedily dropped ) causes with a fire which brooked no opposition " . |
569 | municipal corporations | 1 | UNKNOWN | a jane cobden campaign poster , january 1889 under the municipal corporations |
570 | friendships | 1 | RELATIONSHIP | anne married thomas sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . |
571 | memoir | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , julie salis schwabe . |
572 | arrow books | 1 | PERSON | london : arrow books . |
573 | reform crusade | 1 | FORCE | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
574 | outbreak | 1 | OCCURRENCE | the women 's suffrage campaigns were suspended on the outbreak of war in 1914 . |
575 | july christabel pankhurst | 1 | PERSON |  |
576 | countries | 1 | UNKNOWN | chamberlain had called for a policy of imperial preference , and the imposition of tariffs against countries opposed to britain 's imperial interests . |
577 | farmhouse | 1 | BUILDING | he was saved from bankruptcy by a public subscription which not only settled his debts but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse in which he had been born in 1804 , at dunford , near heyshott in sussex . |
578 | cobden name | 1 | NAME | richardson indicates that the main collective achievement of jane and her sisters was to ensure that the cobden name , with its radical and progressive associations , survived well into the 20th century . |
579 | london county council election | 1 | PERSON | london county council election 1889 |
580 | imprisonment | 1 | ACT | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
581 | debts | 1 | MONEY | he was saved from bankruptcy by a public subscription which not only settled his debts but also enabled him to acquire the farmhouse in which he had been born in 1804 , at dunford , near heyshott in sussex . |
582 | machynlleth | 1 | UNKNOWN | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
583 | europe | 1 | PLACE | during the 1930s , under hirst 's direction , dunford house continued to preach what howe describes as " the pure milk of the cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in britain and in continental europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . |
584 | individuals | 1 | EVENT | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
585 | suffragism | 1 | CONCEPT | provides at once an anticipation of , and a direct contrast to , the militant suffragism of the edwardian era " . |
586 | mainstream | 1 | TENDENCY | edwardian campaigner votes for women , 1903-14 members of the women 's social and political union campaigning for women 's suffrage in london , around 1910 although cobden 's views were more progressive than those of the liberal party 's mainstream , she stayed a member of the party , believing that it remained the best political vehicle whereby her causes could be advanced . |
587 | baines | 1 | PERSON | ^ richardson , p. 232 50 . ^ baines , malcolm ( september 1996 ) . |
588 | unsatisfactory | 1 | UNKNOWN | the ménage proved unsatisfactory ; |
589 | surrey | 1 | PERSON | jane cobden died , aged 96 , on 7 july 1947 , at whitehanger nursing home in fernhurst , surrey . |
590 | contrary | 1 | EVENT | this plan was eventually denounced by the roman catholic church as contrary to natural justice and christian charity , although some priests supported it . |
591 | whitehall | 1 | PERSON | younger women volunteered in large numbers to help the war effort ; in july 1915 christabel pankhurst led a " right to serve " march down whitehall . |
592 | provision | 1 | MONEY | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
593 | letter july | 1 | PERIOD |  |
594 | signatories | 1 | PERSON | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
595 | home rule—on | 1 | UNKNOWN | jane adopted her father 's standpoint on irish land reform , yet embraced the cause of irish home rule—on which she lectured regularly — and was a strong supporter of the land league . |
596 | joe | 1 | PERSON | " chamberlain , joseph ( joe ) " . |
597 | old labour | 1 | PERSON | george lansbury : at the heart of old labour . |
598 | kensington | 1 | PERSON | catherine and her four younger daughters moved to a house in south kensington — the eldest , kate , had married in 1866 . |
599 | nephew | 1 | PERSON | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
600 | direction | 1 | DIRECTION | during the 1930s , under hirst 's direction , dunford house continued to preach what howe describes as " the pure milk of the cobdenian faith " : the conviction that in britain and in continental europe , peace and prosperity would develop from individual ownership of the soil . |
601 | venture | 1 | PERSON | schneer also remarks that this " pioneering political venture of british feminism ... |
602 | pathways | 1 | PERSON | early campaigns women 's suffrage from the late 1870s the cobden sisters began to follow different pathways . |
603 | division | 1 | PERSON | cobden was adopted by the party 's bow and bromley division , and sandhurst by brixton . |
604 | ashgate publishing | 1 | EVENT | aldershot , uk and burlington , vt : ashgate publishing . |
605 | coronation | 1 | ACT | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
606 | education | 1 | PROCESS | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
607 | childhood jane cobden | 1 | PERSON | family background and childhood jane cobden was born on 28 april 1851 in westbourne terrace , london . |
608 | liberal unionist colleagues | 1 | PERSON | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
609 | empire | 1 | STATE | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
610 | whitehanger | 1 | UNKNOWN | jane cobden died , aged 96 , on 7 july 1947 , at whitehanger nursing home in fernhurst , surrey . |
611 | london school | 1 | INSTITUTION | house to the london school of economics ( lse ) , of which she had become a governor . |
612 | national archives | 1 | UNKNOWN | the national archives . |
613 | child | 1 | PERSON | she was the third daughter and fourth child of richard cobden , who at the time of her birth was a radical mp for the west riding . |
614 | howarth | 1 | PERSON | ^ howarth , janet ( october 2007 ) . |
615 | delegation | 1 | ACT | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
616 | sprwcc | 1 | UNKNOWN | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
617 | women activists | 1 | PERSON | english women activists * |
618 | return | 1 | ABILITY | they formed the society for promoting the return of women as county councillors ( sprwcc ) , established an election fund of £400 and selected two women— jane cobden and margaret sandhurst — as liberal candidates for the newly created london county council . |
619 | south african affairs | 1 | PLACE | during the war years 1914-18 , with the issue of women 's suffrage quiescent , cobden became increasingly involved in south african affairs . |
620 | suffragist | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
621 | national reform union | 1 | PLACE | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
622 | agenda | 1 | ACTION | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
623 | attack | 1 | EVENT | cobden died after a severe bronchial attack on 2 april 1865 , a few weeks before jane 's 14th birthday . |
624 | provisions | 1 | MONEY | when this was heard on 18 march , the judges ruled sandhurst disqualified under the provisions of the 1882 act . |
625 | tariff reform | 1 | AMOUNT | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
626 | populations | 1 | PERSON | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
627 | court | 1 | EVENT | although cobden was now protected from challenge , the conservative member for westminster , sir walter de souza , instituted fresh court proceedings against both cobden and cons . |
628 | corn laws | 1 | PERSON | with john bright he had co-founded the anti-corn law league which in the 1840s had spearheaded the successful campaign for the abolition of the corn laws . |
629 | unionism | 1 | SET | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
630 | priests | 1 | PERSON | this plan was eventually denounced by the roman catholic church as contrary to natural justice and christian charity , although some priests supported it . |
631 | hungry forties | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1904 , richard cobden 's centenary year , she published the hungry forties , described by anthony howe in a biographical article as " an evocative and brilliantly successful tract " . |
632 | simon | 1 | PERSON | richardson , sarah , in howe , anthony and morgan , simon ( eds ) : nineteenth century liberalism : richard cobden bicentenary essays ( 2006 ) . |
633 | magazine | 1 | ACTION | cobden moved closer to the militant wing in 1907 when she endorsed the wspu 's new magazine , votes for women . |
634 | australia people | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | australia people * trove retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jane cobden&oldid=1287 785967 " categories : * english women 's rights activists * |
635 | aldershot | 1 | UNKNOWN | aldershot , uk and burlington , vt : ashgate publishing . |
636 | death jane | 1 | PERSON | after their father 's death jane and anne attended warrington lodge school in maida hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . |
637 | liberal mp | 1 | PERSON | he returned to the house of commons in may 1859 , as liberal mp for rochdale . |
638 | participation | 1 | STATE | when the women 's social and political union ( wspu ) began its militant campaign in 1905 , cobden refrained from participation in illegal actions , although she spoke out for her sister when anne became one of the first suffragists to be sent to prison , after a demonstration outside parliament in october 1906 . |
639 | procession | 1 | ACT | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
640 | line | 1 | PERSON | the society 's line was to support the botha government 's land reform policy ; |
641 | event | 1 | EVENT | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
642 | dedication | 1 | ACT | the dedication read : " to the memory of richard cobden who loved his native land , these pages are dedicated by his daughter , in the hope that his desire — |
643 | context | 1 | EVENT | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
644 | opinions | 1 | TRUST | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
645 | properties | 1 | PROPERTY | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
646 | demonstration | 1 | PLACE | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
647 | fawcett | 1 | PERSON | " fawcett , dame millicent garrett " . |
648 | world | 1 | PLACE | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
649 | anti corn law league | 1 | PERSON |  |
650 | grand demonstration | 1 | PERSON | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
651 | liberal associations | 1 | PERSON | jane joined the executive committee of the new body , which encouraged the affiliation of women 's liberal associations and hoped that a future liberal government would grant women 's enfranchisement . |
652 | question | 1 | QUESTION | jane developed an interest in the question of women 's suffrage after attending a conference in london , in 1871 . |
653 | enfranchisement | 1 | UNKNOWN | jane joined the executive committee of the new body , which encouraged the affiliation of women 's liberal associations and hoped that a future liberal government would grant women 's enfranchisement . |
654 | catholic church | 1 | PERSON | this plan was eventually denounced by the roman catholic church as contrary to natural justice and christian charity , although some priests supported it . |
655 | parties | 1 | PERSON | the national society 's general stance was cautious ; it avoided close identification with political parties , and for this reason would not accept affiliation from branches of the women 's liberal federation . |
656 | geneva | 1 | PLACE | in 1907 she lobbied the prime minister , sir henry campbell-bannerman , on behalf of the friends of russian freedom , seeking his support for amendments to the hague convention , then in session in geneva |
657 | richardson concludes | 1 | PERSON | " in doing so " , richardson concludes , " they proved themselves worthy successors to their father , guaranteeing that his contribution was not only sustained , but remodelled for a new age " . |
658 | diary records visits | 1 | EVENT | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
659 | solomon plaatje | 1 | PERSON | she supported solomon plaatje 's campaign against the segregationist natives ' land act of 1913 , a stance that led , in 1917 , to her removal from the committee of the anti-slavery society . |
660 | war effort | 1 | ACTION | younger women volunteered in large numbers to help the war effort ; in july 1915 christabel pankhurst led a " right to serve " march down whitehall . |
661 | rebellion | 1 | FORCE | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
662 | liberal democrat history group newsletter | 1 | SPEECH ACT | liberal democrat history group newsletter ( 12 ) : 11 . |
663 | citations | 1 | GROUP | citations |
664 | cite book | 1 | ENTITY | isbn 978-0-7546-5572-5 . { { cite book } } : |
665 | sum | 1 | PERSON | o' donnell , the principles of the plan of campaign were : " the tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . |
666 | typescript diary | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | 56 . ^ " beatrice webb 's typescript diary : entry 2 may 1923 " . |
667 | trade books | 1 | UNKNOWN | it was one of several free trade books and pamphlets issued by the fisher unwin press which , together with celebratory centenary events , helped to define free trade as a major progressive cause of the edwardian era . |
668 | maintenance | 1 | PERSON | these sums , if refused by the landlord , were pooled and divided by the association for the maintenance of those tenants who were evicted " . |
669 | property | 1 | PROPERTY | he rebuilt the property as a large villa , dunford house , which became jane cobden 's childhood home from the beginning of 1854 . |
670 | circles | 1 | UNKNOWN | in london , she and her sisters extended their range of acquaintances into literary and artistic circles ; among their new friends were the writer george macdonald and the pre-raphaelites william and jane morris and edward burne-jones . |
671 | duties | 1 | UNKNOWN | when the statutory twelve months elapsed without challenge , she resumed her full range of duties . |
672 | advocate | 1 | PERSON | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
673 | irish parliamentary party | 1 | PERSON | when the third of these was under discussion , cobden sought the help of the irish parliamentary party by reminding them of the support women had given to ireland during the land league agitation : |
674 | nations | 1 | STATE | to a meeting in manchester , cobden expressed confidence that " manchester ... will tell mr chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . |
675 | complaints | 1 | POSITION | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
676 | plymouth | 1 | PLACE | plymouth : fairleigh dickinson university press . isbn 978-1-61147-534-0 . morley , john ( 1903 ) . |
677 | affairs | 1 | EVENT | cobden did not confine her interests to domestic affairs . |
678 | wspu leader christabel pankhurst | 1 | PERSON | that year she hosted an " at home " meeting at which the wspu leader christabel pankhurst was the principal speaker . |
679 | place | 1 | PLACE | hope was installed in her place . |
680 | functions | 1 | FUNCTION | in 1952 dunford house was transferred to the ymca , although its general educational functions and mission remained unchanged . |
681 | west sussex county council | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | others were eventually collected , with other cobden family documents , by the west sussex county council record office at chichester . |
682 | judge | 1 | PERSON | in court the judge ruled against both women , though on appeal in april 1891 the penalties were reduced from an original £250 to a nominal £5 . |
683 | reason | 1 | EVENT | the national society 's general stance was cautious ; it avoided close identification with political parties , and for this reason would not accept affiliation from branches of the women 's liberal federation . |
684 | youth jane cobden | 1 | PERSON | from her youth jane cobden , together with her sisters , sought to protect and develop the legacy of her father . |
685 | worry | 1 | PERSON | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
686 | opponent | 1 | PERSON | almost immediately , however , sandhurst 's defeated conservative opponent , beresford hope , lodged a legal challenge against her election . |
687 | michael j. f | 1 | PERSON | ^ according to the historian michael j. f . |
688 | julia sarah | 1 | PERSON | " sanderson , ( julia sarah ) anne cobden " . |
689 | nineteenth century liberalism | 1 | ACTION | richardson , sarah , in howe , anthony and morgan , simon ( eds ) : nineteenth century liberalism : richard cobden bicentenary essays ( 2006 ) . |
690 | third | 1 | PERSON | she was the third daughter and fourth child of richard cobden , who at the time of her birth was a radical mp for the west riding . |
691 | village school | 1 | INSTITUTION | she and her younger sister anne , at the ages of 12 and 10 respectively , taught classes in the local village school . |
692 | wake | 1 | PLACE | in about 1879 she became a member of the national society for women 's suffrage , which had been founded in 1867 in the wake of the 1866 " ladies petition " . |
693 | was | 1 | PLACE | emma jane catherine cobden ( 28 april 1851 - 7 july 1947 ) was a british liberal politician who was active in many radical causes . |
694 | ^d ^e richardson | 1 | PERSON |  |
695 | william o'brien | 1 | PERSON | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
696 | michael | 1 | PERSON | ^ according to the historian michael j. f . |
697 | novelist | 1 | PERSON | after her marriage to sickert failed , ellen became a novelist . |
698 | morris circle | 1 | PERSON | anne married thomas sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . |
699 | protection society | 1 | INSTITUTION | from 1906 , along with helen bright clark , she was an active member of the aborigines ' protection society , an organisation concerned with the rights of indigenous peoples under colonial rule ; the society merged with the anti-slavery society in 1909 . |
700 | kegan paul | 1 | PERSON | london : routledge and kegan paul . |
701 | socialist movements | 1 | UNKNOWN | other suffragists , including anne cobden sanderson , took a different view , and aligned themselves with socialist movements . |
702 | century | 1 | PERIOD | richardson indicates that the main collective achievement of jane and her sisters was to ensure that the cobden name , with its radical and progressive associations , survived well into the 20th century . |
703 | routledge | 1 | PERSON | london : routledge and kegan paul . |
704 | niece lilian baylis | 1 | PERSON | the funds eventually went to the old vic theatre , which cons 's niece lilian baylis developed from the " royal victoria coffee music hall " established by cons in 1880 . 7 . ^ |
705 | westbourne terrace | 1 | PERSON | family background and childhood jane cobden was born on 28 april 1851 in westbourne terrace , london . |
706 | homes | 1 | PERSON | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
707 | re election | 1 | PERSON |  |
708 | achievement | 1 | ACT | richardson indicates that the main collective achievement of jane and her sisters was to ensure that the cobden name , with its radical and progressive associations , survived well into the 20th century . |
709 | oatscroft | 1 | UNKNOWN | in old age she lived quietly at oatscroft , her home near dunford house , and following her husband 's death in 1935 made few interventions in public life . |
710 | table | 1 | PERSON | search toggle the table of contents jane cobden ( button ) 11 languages add topic |
711 | thomas bayley potter | 1 | PERSON | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
712 | campaigner votes | 1 | ACT | edwardian campaigner votes for women , 1903-14 members of the women 's social and political union campaigning for women 's suffrage in london , around 1910 although cobden 's views were more progressive than those of the liberal party 's mainstream , she stayed a member of the party , believing that it remained the best political vehicle whereby her causes could be advanced . |
713 | irish plan | 1 | PLAN | she and her sisters supported the irish plan of campaign , a scheme whereby tenants acted collectively to secure fair rents from their landlords . |
714 | lse digital library | 1 | PLACE | lse digital library . |
715 | isabella | 1 | PERSON | ^ rowntree , isabella , sickert , ellen and cobden , jane ( 27 october 1887 ) . |
716 | students | 1 | PERSON | webb wrote in her diary on 2 may 1923 : " the poor lady ... makes fretful complaints if a single bush is cut down or a stone shifted , whilst she vehemently resents the high spirits of the students ... not to mention the opinions of some of the lecturers " . |
717 | cobden family residence | 1 | PLACE | in the 1920s she largely retired from public life , and in 1928 presented the old cobden family residence , dunford house , to the cobden memorial association as a conference and education centre dedicated to the issues and causes that had defined cobdenism . |
718 | anne cobden | 1 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden sanderson ( sister ) |
719 | suffragettes | 1 | PERSON | ^ pugh , p. 144 and pp. 163-67 46 . ^ " indian suffragettes in the women 's coronation procession " . |
720 | links | 1 | EVENT | isbn 978-0-09-945187-7 . external links ( audio help · |
721 | number | 1 | NUMBER | during 1910-12 several conciliation bills extending the parliamentary vote to a limited number of propertied women , were debated in the house of commons . |
722 | richard cobden records dick | 1 | PERSON | notes and references notes 1 . ^ morley 's biography of richard cobden records dick 's death , but does not name him . |
723 | british government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
724 | silence | 1 | PERSON | after a further parliamentary attempt to resolve the situation failed , she sat out the remaining months of her term as a councillor in silence , neither speaking nor voting , and did not seek re-election in the 1892 county elections . |
725 | socialist | 1 | PERSON | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
726 | runner up | 1 | PERSON |  |
727 | court proceedings | 1 | ACTION | although cobden was now protected from challenge , the conservative member for westminster , sir walter de souza , instituted fresh court proceedings against both cobden and cons . |
728 | henrik ibsen | 1 | PERSON | in 1892 , at the age of 41 , cobden married thomas fisher unwin , an avant-garde publisher whose list included works by henrik ibsen , friedrich nietzsche , h. g. |
729 | first london county council | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | " politics and feminism in ' outcast london ' : george lansbury and jane cobden 's campaign for the first london county council " . |
730 | instincts | 1 | WORD | in october 1887 he wrote to jane : " you are true to the living and just instincts of your father ... you know your father 's heart better than john bright does " . |
731 | name | 1 | NAME | " in the name of those 40,000 englishwomen we urge you to support at every division this |
732 | references | 1 | NUMBER | notes and references notes 1 . ^ morley 's biography of richard cobden records dick 's death , but does not name him . |
733 | museum | 1 | PLACE | after 1928 , jane cobden 's chief occupation was the organisation of her father 's papers , some of which she placed in the british museum . |
734 | community | 1 | PROPERTY | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
735 | deaths | 1 | PERSON | english suffragists * 1851 births * 1947 deaths * |
736 | laura ormiston chant | 1 | PERSON | in 1893 , with laura ormiston chant , she represented the wfl in chicago at the world congress of representative women . |
737 | childhood home | 1 | PLACE | he rebuilt the property as a large villa , dunford house , which became jane cobden 's childhood home from the beginning of 1854 . |
738 | families | 1 | INSTANCE | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
739 | harshness | 1 | QUALITY | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
740 | proprietors | 1 | PLACE | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
741 | holding | 1 | ENTITY | o' donnell , the principles of the plan of campaign were : " the tenants of a locality were to form themselves into an association , each member of which was to proffer to the landlord or his agent a sum which was estimated by the general body as a fair rent for his holding . |
742 | suffrage campaign | 1 | PERSON | " no more aimless wanderings abroad for me , i shall enter into the women 's suffrage campaign and so have a real interest in life " . |
743 | interventions | 1 | PERSON | in old age she lived quietly at oatscroft , her home near dunford house , and following her husband 's death in 1935 made few interventions in public life . |
744 | paris | 1 | PLACE | 2. ^ a french version of schwabe 's book was published in paris ; the english version was delayed until 1895 , when it was published by thomas fisher unwin , who had by then become jane 's husband . |
745 | writings | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
746 | leadership | 1 | PERSON | the wspu was split when members who objected to the pankhurst family 's authoritarian leadership formed themselves into the women 's freedom league ; cobden did not join anne in the breakaway movement , although she supported its associated body , the women 's tax resistance league . |
747 | women act | 1 | ACT | women did not receive the right to sit on county councils until 1907 , with the passage of the qualification of women act . |
748 | irish land league leaders | 1 | PERSON | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
749 | illness | 1 | ILLNESS | in april 1856 dick , who was at school at weinheim in germany , died there after a short illness . |
750 | burlington | 1 | PLACE | aldershot , uk and burlington , vt : ashgate publishing . |
751 | shock | 1 | EVENT | the news was a devastating shock to the family , and caused richard 's temporary withdrawal from public life . |
752 | publishing colleagues | 1 | PERSON | jane cobden as a formidable personality , known by her husband 's publishing colleagues as " the jane " , who took a keen and even intrusive interest in the work of the publishing house . |
753 | anticipation | 1 | ASSET | provides at once an anticipation of , and a direct contrast to , the militant suffragism of the edwardian era " . |
754 | revival | 1 | PERSON | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
755 | south africa | 1 | PLACE | as a convinced anti-imperialist she opposed the boer war of 1899-1902 , and after the establishment of the union of south africa in 1910 she attacked its introduction of segregationist policies . |
756 | joseph | 1 | PERSON | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
757 | account | 1 | COLLECTION | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
758 | leeds | 1 | PLACE | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
759 | birthplace | 1 | LOCATION | in the meantime , in 1879 , she helped to found the cobden club in heyshott , close to her father 's birthplace . |
760 | ymca | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1952 dunford house was transferred to the ymca , although its general educational functions and mission remained unchanged . |
761 | publisher | 1 | PERSON | after her marriage to the publisher thomas fisher unwin in 1892 , jane cobden extended her range of interests into the international field , in particular advancing the rights of the indigenous populations within colonial territories . |
762 | ^a ^b ^c richardson | 1 | PERSON |  |
763 | fellow liberal | 1 | PERSON |  |
764 | successors | 1 | PERSON | " in doing so " , richardson concludes , " they proved themselves worthy successors to their father , guaranteeing that his contribution was not only sustained , but remodelled for a new age " . |
765 | land act | 1 | ACT | she supported solomon plaatje 's campaign against the segregationist natives ' land act of 1913 , a stance that led , in 1917 , to her removal from the committee of the anti-slavery society . |
766 | victorian reformer | 1 | PERSON | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
767 | cobden tribute fund | 1 | PERSON | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
768 | breakaway | 1 | UNKNOWN | this , and its policy of excluding married women from any extension of the franchise , led to a split in 1888 , with the formation of a breakaway " central national society " ( cns ) . |
769 | seclusion | 1 | PERSON | in this difficult time , catherine did not withdraw into seclusion ; in 1866 she supervised the re-publication of her husband 's political writings , and in the same year became one of the 1,499 signatories to the " ladies petition " , an event that the historian sophia van wingerden marks as the beginning of the organised women 's suffrage movement . |
770 | memorial fund | 1 | QUANTITY | she also found time to act as secretary to the memorial fund for emma cons , after the latter 's death in 1912 . |
771 | englishwomen | 1 | UNKNOWN | " in the name of those 40,000 englishwomen we urge you to support at every division this |
772 | categories | 1 | UNKNOWN | australia people * trove retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jane cobden&oldid=1287 785967 " categories : * english women 's rights activists * |
773 | taylor | 1 | PERSON | ( subscription required ) 2 . ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d taylor , miles ( may 2009 ) . |
774 | thomas sanderson | 1 | PERSON | anne married thomas sanderson in 1882 ; inspired by her friendships within the morris circle , her interests turned towards arts and crafts and eventually to socialism . |
775 | mistreatment | 1 | TREATMENT | after visiting ireland with the women 's mission to ireland in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages of the english press to expose the mistreatment of evicted tenants . |
776 | rights activists | 1 | PERSON | australia people * trove retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jane cobden&oldid=1287 785967 " categories : * english women 's rights activists * |
777 | majority | 1 | PROPERTY | both cobden and sandhurst were victorious in the elections on 19 january 1889 ; they were joined by emma cons , whom the progressive majority on the council selected to serve as an alderman . |
778 | factions | 1 | GROUP | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
779 | rule | 1 | RULE | from 1906 , along with helen bright clark , she was an active member of the aborigines ' protection society , an organisation concerned with the rights of indigenous peoples under colonial rule ; the society merged with the anti-slavery society in 1909 . |
780 | ^a ^b ^c ^d richardson | 1 | PERSON |  |
781 | suffrage associations | 1 | PERSON | in 1911 , cobden was responsible for the indian women 's delegation in the women 's coronation procession , a london demonstration organised by suffrage associations from britain and the empire . |
782 | soil | 1 | SOIL | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
783 | brixton | 1 | PERSON | cobden was adopted by the party 's bow and bromley division , and sandhurst by brixton . |
784 | harmondsworth | 1 | PERSON | harmondsworth , uk : penguin books . |
785 | basingstoke | 1 | PLACE | basingstoke , uk and new york : palgrave macmillan . |
786 | keen | 1 | PERSON | jane cobden as a formidable personality , known by her husband 's publishing colleagues as " the jane " , who took a keen and even intrusive interest in the work of the publishing house . |
787 | first world war | 1 | EVENT | social , political and humanitarian activities jane cobden although the cause of women 's suffrage remained her principal concern , at least until the first world war , cobden was active in other campaigns . |
788 | bradford | 1 | PLACE | that year she was a speaker at a " grand demonstration " at st james 's hall , london , and in the following year addressed a similar meeting in bradford . |
789 | outrage | 1 | PERSON | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
790 | challenges | 1 | EVENT | her election was controversial ; legal challenges to her eligibility hampered and eventually prevented her from serving as a councillor . |
791 | ménage | 1 | UNKNOWN | the ménage proved unsatisfactory ; |
792 | opinion | 1 | TRUST | ellen , jane and anne were now displaying considerable independence of spirit , and differences of opinion arose between mother and daughters . |
793 | property qualification | 1 | SET | act 1918 extended the parliamentary franchise to women over 30 , subject to a property qualification . |
794 | ^a ^b morley | 1 | PERSON |  |
795 | pre raphaelites william | 1 | PERSON |  |
796 | election law | 1 | PERSON | a provision of the prevailing election law provided that anyone elected , even improperly , could not be challenged after twelve months , so on legal advice cobden refrained from attending council or committee meetings until february 1890 . |
797 | politics | 1 | RESULT | " politics and feminism in ' outcast london ' : george lansbury and jane cobden 's campaign for the first london county council " . |
798 | press | 1 | INSTITUTION | after visiting ireland with the women 's mission to ireland in 1887 , she subsequently used the pages of the english press to expose the mistreatment of evicted tenants . |
799 | charity | 1 | PERSON | this plan was eventually denounced by the roman catholic church as contrary to natural justice and christian charity , although some priests supported it . |
800 | ^q howe | 1 | PERSON |  |
801 | sister anne cobden sanderson | 1 | PERSON |  |
802 | parents | 1 | STATE | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
803 | sentiment | 1 | EVENT | she was , howe says , " a woman of sentiment and enthusiasm who took up ( and sometimes speedily dropped ) causes with a fire which brooked no opposition " . |
804 | ^j ^k | 1 | UNKNOWN |  |
805 | british museum | 1 | PLACE | after 1928 , jane cobden 's chief occupation was the organisation of her father 's papers , some of which she placed in the british museum . |
806 | appeals | 1 | PERSON | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
807 | withdrawal | 1 | EVENT | the news was a devastating shock to the family , and caused richard 's temporary withdrawal from public life . |
808 | proponent | 1 | PERSON | a daughter of the victorian reformer and statesman richard cobden , she was an early proponent of women 's rights , and was one of two women elected to the inaugural london county council in 1889 . |
809 | monopoly | 1 | FUNCTION | life under monopoly . |
810 | commonwealth | 1 | EVENT | bodleian library of commonwealth & african studies . |
811 | suffrage campaigns | 1 | PERSON | the women 's suffrage campaigns were suspended on the outbreak of war in 1914 . |
812 | imperial preference | 1 | PLACE | chamberlain had called for a policy of imperial preference , and the imposition of tariffs against countries opposed to britain 's imperial interests . |
813 | workhouses | 1 | SET | both parents impressed on the girls their responsibilities for the poor in the local community ; jane cobden 's 1864 diary records visits to homes and workhouses . |
814 | young ireland | 1 | PERSON | nevertheless , his views were held in the context of unionism ; he had condemned the 1848 " young ireland " rebellion as an act of insanity . |
815 | spirit | 1 | STATE | ellen , jane and anne were now displaying considerable independence of spirit , and differences of opinion arose between mother and daughters . |
816 | jonathan schneer | 1 | PERSON | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
817 | standpoint | 1 | UNKNOWN | jane adopted her father 's standpoint on irish land reform , yet embraced the cause of irish home rule—on which she lectured regularly — and was a strong supporter of the land league . |
818 | recognition | 1 | STATE | partly in recognition of women 's contributions , the representation of the people |
819 | victorians | 1 | UNKNOWN | after the victorians . |
820 | bromley division | 1 | PERSON | cobden was adopted by the party 's bow and bromley division , and sandhurst by brixton . |
821 | crime | 1 | EVENT | in 1848 , richard cobden had written : " almost every crime and outrage in ireland is connected with the occupation or ownership of land ... if i had the power , i would always make the proprietors of the soil resident , by breaking up the large properties . |
822 | release | 1 | EVENT | jane was in contact with irish land league leaders , including john dillon and william o'brien , and lobbied for the release of the latter after his imprisonment under the protection of person and property act 1881 . |
823 | contrast | 1 | RESULT | provides at once an anticipation of , and a direct contrast to , the militant suffragism of the edwardian era " . |
824 | contributions | 1 | EVENT | partly in recognition of women 's contributions , the representation of the people |
825 | figure | 1 | FIGURE | cobden was a somewhat remote figure to his daughters , although his letters indicate that he felt warmly towards them and that he wished to direct their political education . |
826 | jonathan | 1 | PERSON | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
827 | royal victoria hall | 1 | PLACE | 53 . ^ " the royal victoria hall - " the old vic " " . |
828 | brighton women | 1 | PERSON | in 1900 she accepted the presidency of the brighton women 's liberal association , and in the same year wrote an extended tract , the recent development of violence in our midst , published by the stop-the-war committee . |
829 | founder members | 1 | PERSON |  |
830 | membership | 1 | PLACE | retrieved 16 march 2013 . ( subscription or uk public library membership required . ) |
831 | removal | 1 | ACT | she supported solomon plaatje 's campaign against the segregationist natives ' land act of 1913 , a stance that led , in 1917 , to her removal from the committee of the anti-slavery society . |
832 | efforts | 1 | ACTION | her efforts for the poorest in society encompassed appeals on behalf of the families of striking workers in london and dublin during the labour unrest of 1913-14 , and of starving women and children in tripoli . |
833 | neighbours | 1 | PERSON | the girls were encouraged by their father to contribute what money they possessed to relieve local poverty : " do not keep the money ... as you have now made up your minds to give it to poor sufferers , let your own neighbours have it . |
834 | irish | 1 | PERSON | she remained committed throughout her life to the " cobdenite " issues of land reform , peace , and social justice , and was a consistent advocate for irish independence from britain and for women 's suffrage . |
835 | birth | 1 | CONDITION | she was the third daughter and fourth child of richard cobden , who at the time of her birth was a radical mp for the west riding . |
836 | painter walter sickert | 1 | PERSON | ellen later married the painter walter sickert . |
837 | cobden book | 1 | PERSON | morley 's own biographer , richard jackson , describes the cobden book as " overlong " and uncritical , though " an unpretentious and attractive personality emerges clearly " . |
838 | objections | 1 | STATEMENT | despite objections from the conservatives , the women 's nominations were accepted by the local returning officers . |
839 | sir walter de souza | 1 | PERSON | although cobden was now protected from challenge , the conservative member for westminster , sir walter de souza , instituted fresh court proceedings against both cobden and cons . |
840 | offence | 1 | UNKNOWN | this caused some offence ; |
841 | royal victoria coffee music hall | 1 | PLACE | the funds eventually went to the old vic theatre , which cons 's niece lilian baylis developed from the " royal victoria coffee music hall " established by cons in 1880 . 7 . ^ |
842 | imposition | 1 | AMOUNT | chamberlain had called for a policy of imperial preference , and the imposition of tariffs against countries opposed to britain 's imperial interests . |
843 | catherine anne | 1 | PERSON | jane 's mother was catherine anne , née williams , the daughter of a timber merchant from machynlleth in wales ; the older cobden children were richard ( " dick " ) , born 1841 ; kate , born 1844 ; and ellen , born 1848 . |
844 | thomas bayley | 1 | PERSON | the attachment of jane and her sisters to the rebellious factions in ireland strained relations between the sisters and many of their father 's former liberal unionist colleagues , but won approval from thomas bayley potter , who had succeeded richard cobden as mp for rochdale . |
845 | radical liberal | 1 | PERSON | cobden 's campaign in bow and bromley was organised with considerable enthusiasm and efficiency by the 29-year-old george lansbury , then a radical liberal , later a socialist and eventually leader of the labour party . |
846 | writer | 1 | PERSON | in london , she and her sisters extended their range of acquaintances into literary and artistic circles ; among their new friends were the writer george macdonald and the pre-raphaelites william and jane morris and edward burne-jones . |
847 | methods | 1 | TECHNIQUE | although she was sympathetic and supportive of those , including her sister anne cobden-sanderson , who chose to campaign using militant , illegal methods , she kept her own activities within the law . |
848 | county tipperary—to illustrate | 1 | PERSON | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
849 | daughter lucy | 1 | PERSON | catherine moved out , taking the youngest daughter lucy , and went to wales where she lived until her death in 1877 . |
850 | reference guide | 1 | STATE | the women 's suffrage movement : a reference guide , 1866-1928 . |
851 | friedrich nietzsche | 1 | PERSON | in 1892 , at the age of 41 , cobden married thomas fisher unwin , an avant-garde publisher whose list included works by henrik ibsen , friedrich nietzsche , h. g. |
852 | patricia | 1 | PERSON | isbn 0-415-23926-5 . hollis , patricia ( 1987 ) . |
853 | grounds | 1 | PROPERTY | in the years prior to world war i she opposed joseph chamberlain 's tariff reform crusade on the grounds of her father 's free trade principles , and was prominent in the liberal party 's revival of the land reform issue . |
854 | julie salis schwabe | 1 | PERSON | together they stopped publication of a memoir of their father , sponsored by his former colleagues and compiled by a family friend , julie salis schwabe . |
855 | vestry | 1 | EVENT | at home , she assisted women candidates in the 1894 kensington " vestry " elections . |
856 | lucy | 1 | PERSON | two further daughters followed jane : anne , born 1853 , and lucy , born 1861 . |
857 | treatment | 1 | TREATMENT | in protest against the liberal government 's suffrage policies and its harsh treatment of militants , cobden resigned her honorary presidency of the women 's liberal association in rochdale , her father 's last constituency . |
858 | malcolm | 1 | PERSON | ^ richardson , p. 232 50 . ^ baines , malcolm ( september 1996 ) . |
859 | flag | 1 | FLAG | to a meeting in manchester , cobden expressed confidence that " manchester ... will tell mr chamberlain that it is still loyal to our old flag : free trade , peace and goodwill among nations " . |
860 | marsh | 1 | PERSON | ^ marsh , peter t ( january 2011 ) . |
861 | segregationist natives | 1 | UNKNOWN | she supported solomon plaatje 's campaign against the segregationist natives ' land act of 1913 , a stance that led , in 1917 , to her removal from the committee of the anti-slavery society . |
862 | liberal | 1 | PERSON | fernhurst , sussex , england political party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ ( m. 1892 ; died 1935 ) ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden-sanderson ( sister ) |
863 | letter | 1 | EVENT | in a letter to the times , jane and her associates cited one particular case— that of the ryan family of cloughbready in county tipperary—to illustrate the british government 's harshness towards even the most vulnerable of individuals . |
864 | month | 1 | PERIOD | on anne 's release a month later , cobden and her husband attended a celebration banquet at the savoy hotel , together with other wspu prisoners . |
865 | aegis | 1 | PROCESS | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
866 | followers | 1 | PERSON | there followed a time of domestic uncertainty and financial worry , eventually resolved by a pension from the government of £1,500 a year , and the establishment of a " cobden tribute fund " by his friends and followers . |
867 | freedom league | 1 | PERSON | the wspu was split when members who objected to the pankhurst family 's authoritarian leadership formed themselves into the women 's freedom league ; cobden did not join anne in the breakaway movement , although she supported its associated body , the women 's tax resistance league . |
868 | land league agitation | 1 | PERSON | when the third of these was under discussion , cobden sought the help of the irish parliamentary party by reminding them of the support women had given to ireland during the land league agitation : |
869 | finance committee | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | jane joined the national society 's finance committee , and by 1880 was serving as its treasurer . |
870 | treasurer | 1 | GOVERNMENT | jane joined the national society 's finance committee , and by 1880 was serving as its treasurer . |
871 | jane catherine cobden | 1 | PERSON | english suffragist ( 1851-1947 ) jane cobden portrait , 1890s born emma jane catherine cobden ( 1851-04-28) 28 april 1851 paddington , london , england died 7 july 1947( 1947-07-07 ) ( aged 96 ) |
872 | token | 1 | STRUCTURE | cobden was urged by lansbury and others not to pay even this token , but to go to prison ; she declined this course of action . |
873 | warrington lodge school | 1 | INSTITUTION | after their father 's death jane and anne attended warrington lodge school in maida hill but , following a disagreement the nature of which is unclear , both were removed from the school — " thrown on my hands " , their mother complained . |
874 | offices | 1 | STATE | in 1889 this group , which included jane cobden and emmeline pankhurst , formed the women 's franchise league ( wfl ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . |
875 | historian sarah richardson remarks | 1 | PERSON | in an essay on the cobden sisterhood , the feminist historian sarah richardson remarks on the different paths chosen by the sisters by which to take their father 's legacy forward : " jane 's activities showed that it was still possible to follow a radical agenda within the aegis of liberalism " . |
876 | wanderings | 1 | FIGURE | " no more aimless wanderings abroad for me , i shall enter into the women 's suffrage campaign and so have a real interest in life " . |
877 | palgrave macmillan | 1 | PERSON | basingstoke , uk and new york : palgrave macmillan . |
878 | sisterhood | 1 | PERSON | sisterhood richard |
879 | somerset maugham | 1 | PERSON | wells and the young somerset maugham . |
880 | audio | 1 | SOUND | isbn 978-0-09-945187-7 . external links ( audio help · |
881 | disenchantment | 1 | EVENT | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
882 | outcast london | 1 | PLACE | " politics and feminism in ' outcast london ' : george lansbury and jane cobden 's campaign for the first london county council " . |
883 | male suffrage | 1 | PERSON | the bill was finally abandoned when the liberal prime minister , h. h. asquith , replaced it with a bill extending the male suffrage . |
884 | economics | 1 | STUDY | house to the london school of economics ( lse ) , of which she had become a governor . |
885 | step | 1 | POWER | in his account of the 1888-89 election , the historian jonathan schneer marks the campaign as a step in what he terms " working-class disenchantment with official liberalism " , citing in particular lansbury 's departure from the liberal party in 1892 . |
886 | ^a ^b ^c schneer | 1 | PERSON |  |
887 | concern | 1 | INSTANCE | social , political and humanitarian activities jane cobden although the cause of women 's suffrage remained her principal concern , at least until the first world war , cobden was active in other campaigns . |
888 | liberal federation | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in 1883 she attended a conference in leeds , jointly organised by the national liberal federation and the national reform union , where she supported a motion proposed by henry william crosskey and seconded by walter mclaren ( john bright 's nephew ) , to extend the vote in parliamentary elections to certain women— those who , " possessing the qualifications that entitle men to vote , have now the right of voting in all matters of local government " . |
889 | people act | 1 | ACT | 133-34 55 . ^ " representation of the people act , 1918 " ( pdf ) . |
890 | congo | 1 | PLACE | unwin 's involvement in a range of world and humanitarian causes led cobden— who adopted the surname " cobden unwin " —to extend her interests to international peace and justice , reform in the congo , and more generally the rights of aboriginal peoples . |
891 | basis | 1 | GROUP | in 1889 this group , which included jane cobden and emmeline pankhurst , formed the women 's franchise league ( wfl ) with a specific policy of seeking votes for women on the same basis as for men , and the eligibility of women for all offices . |
892 | suffrage quiescent | 1 | UNKNOWN | during the war years 1914-18 , with the issue of women 's suffrage quiescent , cobden became increasingly involved in south african affairs . |
893 | successor body | 1 | BODY | in 1989 it was cut from its frame and stolen , after the abolition of the lcc 's successor body , the greater london council . 6 . ^ |
894 | sums | 1 | PERSON | these sums , if refused by the landlord , were pooled and divided by the association for the maintenance of those tenants who were evicted " . |
895 | vehicle | 1 | VEHICLE | edwardian campaigner votes for women , 1903-14 members of the women 's social and political union campaigning for women 's suffrage in london , around 1910 although cobden 's views were more progressive than those of the liberal party 's mainstream , she stayed a member of the party , believing that it remained the best political vehicle whereby her causes could be advanced . |

## Objects sorted by category

Categoría | Objetos
PERSON | ^a ^b ^c ^d richardson ^a ^b ^c ^d taylor ^a ^b ^c richardson ^a ^b ^c schneer ^a ^b hollis ^a ^b howe ^a ^b morley ^a ^b o' donnell ^a ^b rogers ^d ^e richardson ^q howe access activities jane cobden advice cobden advocate alderman andrew anne anne cobden anne cobden sanderson anthony anthony howe anti corn law league anti imperialist appeal appeals april dick april paddington arrow books associations background baines beatrice webb behalf beresford hope bill biographer birthday black blackburn born emma jane catherine cobden both cobden bow brighton women brixton bromley bromley division brothers bush campaign campaigns campaigns women catherine catherine anne catholic church chamberlain chapman charity chichester child childhood jane cobden children cite news co founder cobden cobden archives cobden book cobden children cobden daughters cobden sisterhood cobden sisters cobden tribute fund colleagues conciliation bills constituency contents jane cobden corn laws council chamber county councils county elections county tipperary—to illustrate course crawford dame millicent garrett daughter daughter lucy daughters death jane deaths depicts jane cobden dick division doi edward burne jones eldest election law elizabeth ellen emma emma cons emma jane catherine cobden emmeline pankhurst essay family friend father fawcett fellow liberal feminism feminists followers founder members francis wrigley freedom league friedrich nietzsche friend friend emily osborn george lansbury gift girls god goodwill governor grand demonstration h. g. wells h. h. asquith hands harmondsworth helen bright clark henrik ibsen henry william crosskey hiatus hirst historian sarah richardson remarks hollis homes hope howarth howe husband influence interest interests interventions irish irish land league leaders irish parliamentary party isabella issue jackson jane jane catherine cobden jane cobden jane cobden campaign poster jane cobden portrait jane morris janet jean scott joe john john bright john dillon john morley jonathan jonathan schneer joseph joseph chamberlain journalist francis wrigley hirst judge julia sarah julie salis schwabe july christabel pankhurst kate keen kegan paul kensington king george labour party ladies elect lady lady artists land hunger land league land league agitation land reform land reform issue land reform policy landlord landlords lansbury laura ormiston chant law leadership lecturers legacy liberal liberal associations liberal mp liberal party liberal unionist colleagues library membership line living london county council election lucy maint maintenance malcolm male suffrage mama margaret sandhurst marsh martin member men michael michael j. f militants milk minds morgan morley morris circle mother mr chamberlain neighbours nephew news niece lilian baylis novelist o' donnell old labour opponent original outrage oxford oxford dictionary oxford university press. doi paddington painter walter sickert palgrave macmillan pamphlets parties party party liberal spouse thomas fisher unwin ​ ​ passage pathways patricia patrick peoples person peter t politician politicians populations portrait potter pre raphaelites william priests proponent protest publisher publisher thomas fisher unwin publishing colleagues radical liberal re election representation returning officers revival richard richard cobden richard cobden bicentenary essays richard cobden records dick richard jackson richardson richardson concludes rights activists rogers rosen routledge rowntree runner up russian freedom sanderson sandhurst sarah savoy hotel schwabe seclusion secretary shepherd signatories silence simon sir henry campbell bannerman sir john harris sir walter de souza sister sister anne sister anne cobden sanderson sisterhood sisterhood richard cobden sisters socialist soil resident solomon plaatje somerset maugham sophia van wingerden marks st james statesman richard cobden stolen stone story students successors sufferers suffrage associations suffrage campaign suffrage campaigns suffragettes suffragist suffragists sum sums support women supporter surrey sussex t. fisher unwin table tariffs tax resistance league taylor tenants territories third thomas bayley thomas bayley potter thomas fisher unwin thomas sanderson timber merchant tract trade unwin venture victorian reformer view views walter mclaren webb west riding westbourne terrace whitehall william o'brien williams wilson wing woman women women activists women politicians worry writer writer george macdonald wspu leader christabel pankhurst wspu prisoners years jane young ireland youth jane cobden ​ father richard cobden relatives anne cobden sanderson
PLACE | administration basingstoke bodleian library bradford britain british museum burlington chicago childhood home cobden country cobden family residence congo cons councillor councillors demonstration dublin dunford dunford house efficiency election elections england europe geneva germany hague convention hall home house imperial preference ireland leeds london london demonstration lse digital library manchester members membership midst mission museum national reform union new york old vic old vic theatre outcast london paris place places plymouth political union proprietors publishing house rochdale royal victoria coffee music hall royal victoria hall south africa south african affairs south kensington split stance tripoli union united kingdom united states villa wake wales was west sussex county council record office westminster world
EVENT | abolition affairs ages ashgate publishing attack boer war business calico printing business challenge challenges commonwealth context contrary contribution contributions county councillors couple court crime death departure desire diary records visits disagreement discussion disenchantment establishment event events first world war individuals irish war issues letter letters life link links memory opposition peace reason release seat sentiment shock suffrage issue vestry victims vintage war withdrawal world war
ACT | achievement act beginning campaigner votes conference conviction coronation coronation procession dedication delegation formation franchise ideas imprisonment introduction involvement land act local government act marriage memorial nominations occupation people act principles procession property act protection remarks removal tans trade principles vote votes women act
PERIOD | april century days entry may february january july june letter july letter october march may month months november october september session statutory twelve months time war years weeks year years
INSTITUTION | anti slavery society association bristol library special collections national central national society cobden club cobden memorial association extension fairleigh dickinson university press fisher unwin press liberal association london school midhurst society national society oxford university press press protection society school service society ucl press university village school warrington lodge school
STATE | amendments attachment differences distress eligibility empire independence insanity labour unrest matters memorabilia nations offices ownership parents participation personality recognition reference guide spirit spirits world congress
HUMAN GROUP | australia people breakaway movement cobden family committee council family finance committee first london county council greater london council home rule movement liberal federation london county council movement national liberal federation parliament people pro boer south african conciliation committee stop the war committee suffrage movement west sussex county council
ACTION | action actions agenda attempt authors list court proceedings efforts liberalism list magazine motion nineteenth century liberalism publication publications re publication violence war effort
ABSTRACT ENTITY | approval diary era journal meantime memoir presence typescript diary writings
GROUP | affiliation basis citations control factions franchise league group socialism
PROPERTY | age community grounds justice majority properties property
CONDITION | bankruptcy birth births enthusiasm prosperity ruin scheme
GOVERNMENT | botha government british government contact english local government government treasurer
MONEY | debts money provision provisions rent rents
SET | property qualification qualification qualifications support unionism workhouses
ACTIVITY | activities committee meetings crafts meeting work
NUMBER | number numbers references suffrage
RULE | policy rule segregationist policies suffrage policies
BODY | bodies body heart successor body
INSTANCE | concern families penalties pension
QUANTITY | election fund funds memorial fund
FOOD | celebration banquet food social
PROCESS | aegis assignments education
COLLECTION | account button trove
WORD | acquaintances instincts words
CONCEPT | cobdenism speaker suffragism
QUALITY | harshness poverty subscription
NAME | cobden name name names
AMOUNT | candidates imposition tariff reform
ENTITY | book cite book holding
SEQUENCE | biography national biography paths
FUNCTION | functions monopoly range
POSITION | complaints position presidency
CAUSE | cause causes cobdenite causes
TRUST | opinion opinions parliament trust
DOCUMENT | cobden family documents page pages
STUDY | african studies british studies economics
ARTICLE | article articles
FORCE | rebellion reform crusade
RESOURCE | frame papers
RESULT | contrast politics
PLAN | irish plan plan
SITUATION | locality situation
TREATMENT | mistreatment treatment
UNIT | english history history
LAND | field land
POWER | power step
TERM | term terms
FIGURE | figure wanderings
EMOTION | confidence
SPEECH ACT | liberal democrat history group newsletter
PERMISSION | version
SPACE | p. sources
NATURE | nature
FIRE | fire
OCCURRENCE | outbreak
BUILDING | farmhouse
ASSET | anticipation
LOCATION | birthplace
RELATION | relations
VEHICLE | vehicle
BRANCH | branches
RESPONSIBILITY | responsibilities
PORTION | surname
COMMITMENT | commitment
STATEMENT | objections
UNCERTAINTY | uncertainty
HUMAN ROLE | minister
HILL | maida hill
RELATIONSHIP | friendships
ORGANISATION | organisation
SOUND | audio
REQUEST | ladies petition
DIRECTION | direction
ABILITY | return
ABSENCE | absences
TECHNIQUE | methods
QUESTION | question
SOFTWARE | prison
DEVICE | search toggle
TENDENCY | mainstream
ILLNESS | illness
SOIL | soil
FLAG | flag
STRUCTURE | token
LANGUAGE | arts