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American politician and soldier For other people named James Shields , see James Shields ( disambiguation ) . James Shields United States Senator from Missouri In office January 27 , 1879 - March 3 , 1879 Preceded by David H. Armstrong Succeeded by George Graham Vest United States Senator from Minnesota In office May 11 , 1858 - March 3 , 1859 Preceded by Himself ( Shadow Senator ) Succeeded by Morton S. Wilkinson United States Shadow Senator from the Minnesota Territory In office December 19 , 1857 - May 11 , 1858 Preceded by Seat established Succeeded by Himself ( U.S. Senator ) United States Senator from Illinois In office October 27 , 1849 - March 3 , 1855 Preceded by Himself Succeeded by Lyman Trumbull In office March 4 , 1849 - March 15 , 1849 Preceded by Sidney Breese Succeeded by Himself Commissioner of the General Land Office In office April 16 , 1845 - January 5 , 1847 President James K . Polk Preceded by Thomas H. Blake Succeeded by Richard M. Young Auditor of Illinois In office 1841-1843 Governor Thomas Carlin Thomas Ford Preceded by Levi Davis Succeeded by William Lee D. Ewing Personal details Born ( 1806-05-10 ) May 10 , 1806 Altmore , Ireland , United Kingdom Died June 1 , 1879( 1879-06-01 ) ( aged 73 ) Ottumwa , Iowa , U.S. Political party Democratic Education University of Glasgow ( BA ) Signature Military service Allegiance United States Branch/service United States Army Union Army Years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 Rank Brigadier general Battles/wars Second Seminole War Mexican-American War American Civil War James Shields ( May 10 , 1806 - June 1 , 1879 ) was an Irish American politician and United States Army officer , who is the only person in U.S. history to serve as a Senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the U.S. Senate . A member of the Democratic Party , Shields represented Illinois from 1849 to 1855 , in the 31st , 32nd , and 33rd Congresses , Minnesota from 1858 to 1859 , in the 35th Congress , and Missouri in 1879 , in the 45th Congress . Born and initially educated in Ireland , Shields emigrated to the Americas in 1826 . He was briefly a sailor , and spent time in Quebec , before settling in Kaskaskia , Illinois , where he studied and practiced law . In 1836 , he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , and later as State Auditor . His work as auditor was criticized by a young Abraham Lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , Mary Todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . Shields challenged Lincoln to a duel , and the two nearly fought on September 22 , 1842 , before making peace , and eventually becoming friends . In 1845 , Shields was appointed to the Illinois Supreme Court , from which he resigned to become Commissioner of the U.S. United States General Land Office . At the outbreak of the Mexican-American War , he left the Land Office to take an appointment as brigadier general of volunteers . He served with distinction and was twice wounded . In 1848 , Shields was appointed to and confirmed by the Senate as the first governor of the Oregon Territory , which he declined . After serving as Senator from Illinois , he moved to Minnesota and founded the town of Shieldsville there . He was then elected as Senator from Minnesota . He served in the American Civil War , and at the Battle of Kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of Stonewall Jackson in the war . Shields resigned his commission shortly thereafter . After moving multiple times , Shields settled in Missouri and served again for three months in the Senate . He died in 1879 and represents Illinois in the National Statuary Hall . Early life and career Shields was born in Altmore , County Tyrone , Ireland , to parents , Charles Shiells/O`Shiells/Shields and Anne McDonnell , the first of three children . As his father died when Shields was six , his uncle , also named James Shields and also born in Ireland , played a large role in his life . ^ : 711-2 The elder Shields was a professor of Greek and Latin , and served as a Congressman from Ohio . The younger Shields obtained early schooling at a hedge school near his home , later at a school run by a clergyman from Maynooth College , and subsequently his uncle . He was educated in military science , fencing , and the French language by a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars , of which there were many in Ireland at the time . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 Shields attempted to emigrate to the United States in 1822 , but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of Scotland , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors . He successfully made it to America around 1826 , although his uncle whom he had sailed to meet had died . ^ : 712-3 Shields took a job as a sailor , becoming a purser on a merchant ship . However , after a time , an accident left Shields disabled , and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months . ^ : 713 After the accident , he volunteered and fought in the Second Seminole War , reaching the rank of lieutenant . He spent some time in Quebec , founding a fencing school . Eventually , Shields settled in Kaskaskia , Randolph County , Illinois , where he studied and began practicing law in 1832 , supplementing his income by teaching French . ^ : 712-3 ^ : 26 He served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives , beginning in 1836 , and in 1839 was elected as state auditor . ^ : 714 As auditor , Shields was involved in correcting the state 's finances following the Panic of 1837 . This was done , at times , through practices that proved unpopular . ^ : 45 Duel with Abraham Lincoln Shields almost fought a duel on September 22 , 1842 , with Abraham Lincoln , then a young lawyer in Springfield , Illinois . Lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the Sangamo Journal , that attacked Shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of Aunt Becca , or simply Rebecca . At the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . The Illinois State Bank had been forced to close , and Shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the Whig Party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . Lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , Mary Todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend Julia Jayne , continued writing to the paper without Lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " Rebecca " as she was , denounced Shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : If I was deaf and blind I could tell him by the smell ... All the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... He was paying his money to this one and that one and tother one , and sufferin great loss because it wasn ' silver instead of State paper ... " Dear girls , it is distressing , but I cannot marry you all . Too well I know how much you suffer , but do , do remember , it is not my fault that I am so handsome and so interesting . " ^ : 114 The publications caused " intense excitement " in Springfield , and Shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . Lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 Shields confronted Lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between Missouri and Illinois called Bloody Island to participate in a duel . Lincoln , as the one challenged , chose the weapons for the duel , and selected the cavalry broadsword , as Shields was an excellent marksman , and because Lincoln stood 6 feet 4 inches ( 1.93 m ) to Shields ' 5 feet 9 inches ( 1.75 m ) . ^ : 114-5 At least two accounts have John J. Hardin and R. W. English intervening and convincing the two to cease hostilities . Others have them resolving their differences without incident , whether through threats on the part of Lincoln , or through apology and explanation from him . However , all accounts agree that they left the island without following through with the duel . ^ : 714 ^ : 49 ^ : 115 Thereafter , Shields and Lincoln became and remained good friends . ^ : 714 Subsequent career Shields was appointed as an Illinois Supreme Court justice on February 18 , 1845 , to take the seat vacated by Stephen A. Douglas . ^ : 50 His term was relatively unremarkable , and he soon resigned to become Commissioner of the U.S. General Land Office . While at the Land Office , Shields spent much effort boring , testing , surveying and examining land in Iowa , as he planned to establish a colony for Irish immigrants there . He resigned from the position to assume command as a brigadier general following the outbreak of the Mexican-American War . ^ : 51-2 , 55 Mexican-American War On July 1 , 1846 , Shields was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers to fight in the Mexican-American War . He served under Zachary Taylor , then also a brigadier general , and later under Brigadier General John E. Wool and Major General Winfield Scott . ^ : 606 In 1846 , Shields left for war with two brigades under his command . ^ : 87 In February 1847 , when Tampico was abandoned , his men assumed control of the city . He commanded the 3rd Brigade , Volunteer Division , at the battles of Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . He returned to fight in a single day , at both the battles of Contreras and Churubusco . His command that day was criticized as clumsy by some , ^ : 606 and praised as skillful by others . ^ : 75 He required reinforcements to overcome strong enemy resistance , but his brigade took over 800 prisoners . ^ : 606 Shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the Battle of Chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 He remained on the field until the conclusion of the battle , ^ : 716-7 but was then forced to spend several months recuperating , where he remained until after the final battles of the war . ^ : 606 Shields returned to America , where he was mustered out and his brigade disbanded on July 28 , 1848 . Shields returned to his law practice in Illinois . He was brevetted to major general , and received two honorary swords from the states South Carolina and Illinois . ^ : 716-7 ^ : 606 Senator from Illinois Daguerreotype of Shields c. 1849-1855 Following the war , on August 14 , 1848 , he was nominated by President Polk , and confirmed by the United States Senate to serve as governor of Oregon Territory , which had been created that same day . However , he declined the position and Joseph Lane was nominated and became the first governor of the new territory . ^ : 6-7 , 10 Shields declined the governorship to run for the Senate from Illinois . He won , but the election was voided by on the grounds that he had not been a U.S. citizen for the nine years required by the United States Constitution ; having been naturalized October 21 , 1840 , and elected on January 13 , 1849 . He therefore resigned from the Senate on March 14 , returned to Illinois , campaigned once again for the seat he had resigned , and won a special election held by the governor in December ( after nine years had passed ) , in order to replace himself as senator . ^ : 717 ^ : 118 ^ : 79 As senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 Shields published the 1854 book , A History of Illinois , from its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847 , originally written by Illinois Governor Thomas Ford . According to the foreword by Shields , Ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed , so that Shields might publish it , and use the proceeds to benefit Ford 's then orphaned children . In 1854 , a military company in Chicago was named " The Shields Guards " in his honor . The Guards would come to make up companies I and K in the 23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment . Senator from Minnesota In 1855 , Shields was defeated for re-election in Illinois in a three way runoff between himself , Lincoln , and Lyman Trumbull , with Trumbull eventually winning the seat after several ballots . ^ : 119 Shields then moved to Minnesota , to inspect lands he had been awarded there in return for his military service . He arranged for Irish immigrants to move from the East Coast to Minnesota , settling in Rice and Le Sueur counties . Shields himself founded Shieldsville , Minnesota , and was also involved in the early settlement of Faribault , Minnesota . In 1857 , Native Americans massacred settlers in Spirit Lake , Iowa . Shields led a group of about 100 people from Minnesota to fight the tribes ; however , by the time he arrived , the tribes had been beaten by troops under the control of Judson Bishop . ^ : 719-21 When Minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 , and the legislature convened in December , Shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for U.S. Senator along with Henry Mower Rice . The two drew straws to determine who would serve out the longer and shorter terms . Shields drew the short straw and thus served until only March 1859 , losing his 1859 re-election bid to Morton S. Wilkinson . ^ : 719 American Civil War Photograph by Mathew Brady c. 1861-1865 Shields then moved to California , and married Mary Carr in 1861 . He was engaged in a mining venture in Mexico , and it was there that Shields was when he was appointed as brigadier general of volunteers from that state following the outbreak of the American Civil War , succeeding the late Frederick W. Lander . He commanded the 2nd Division of the V Corps , Army of the Potomac ( subsequently part of the Army of the Shenandoah ) , during the Valley Campaign of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 Shields was wounded at the Battle of Kernstown on March 22 , 1862 , but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of General Thomas J. " Stonewall " Jackson during the campaign ( or the war ) . The day after Kernstown , he was promoted to major general , but the promotion was withdrawn , reconsidered , and then finally rejected . Largely a result of his promotion being rejected , Shields resigned from the army . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 Shields was informally offered command of the Army of the Potomac by Abraham Lincoln . Shields declined owing to a poor relationship with Secretary of War Edwin Stanton . ^ : 721-724 Senator from Missouri Statue of Shields at the Minnesota State Capitol Statue of Shields in the Minnesota State Capitol , 2008 Statue of Shields in the United States Capitol Statue of Shields in the United States Capitol , 2011 In 1863 , Shields moved to San Francisco , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner , and then to the Mississippi Valley , and to Wisconsin . In 1866 he settled in Carrollton , Missouri , which remained his home , and where he tended to his farm , lectured , and continued public involvement until his death 13 years later . ^ : 724-5 He ran for Congress unwillingly in 1868 , and , in a contested election , lost . The result was disputed , and Congress awarded a year 's salary to Shields . A member of Congress , Benjamin Butler , proposed him as Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives in 1876 , but Shields , viewing it as an indignity , declined . Shields was involved in fundraising to provide aid to the yellow fever stricken Southern US . He served as member of the Missouri State House of Representatives , and as railroad commissioner was involved in establishing the State Railroad Commission . ^ : 725-6 In 1879 , he was elected to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Senator Lewis V. Bogy . He served only three months and declined to run for re-election , but this made Shields the only person to have ever served as senator from three different states . ^ : 726-7 Death and legacy Shields died unexpectedly in Ottumwa , Iowa , on June 1 , 1879 , while on a lecture tour , after reportedly complaining of chest pains . ^ : 329 His body was transferred to Carrollton , Missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local Catholic church , and his body escorted to St . Mary 's Cemetery by two companies of the Nineteenth Infantry , the Craig Rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 His grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the U.S. Congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 Shields was not a wealthy man in later life , ^ : 725 and upon his death the most valuable possessions he had to leave his family were his ceremonial swords , given to him following the end of the Mexican-American War . ^ : 717 After his death , Mary Shields remained in Carrollton , with their daughter and two sons , until eventually moving to New York to live with their son Daniel . ^ : 728-9 A bronze statue of Shields was given by the State of Illinois in 1893 , to the U.S. Capitol , and represents the state in the National Statuary Hall . The statue was sculpted by Leonard Volk , and dedicated in December 1893 . A statue of Shields stands in front of the Carroll County Courthouse in Carrollton , Missouri . Dedicated on November 12 , 1910 , newspapers reported " hundreds of visitors from several states " that were present at the unveiling . Congress allocated $5,000 for the monument . A third statue stands on the grounds of the state capitol in Saint Paul , Minnesota , dedicated in 1914 . Derek Warfield wrote a song named The Ballad of General Shields about him .

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## Annotated text

american politician [PERSON] and soldier [UNKNOWN] for other people [HUMAN GROUP] named james shields [PERSON] , see james shields [PERSON] ( disambiguation [ACT] ) . james shields [PERSON] united states [PLACE] senator [PERSON] [PERSON] from missouri [PERSON] in office january [PERIOD] 27 , 1879 - march [PERIOD] 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong [PERSON] succeeded by george graham vest united states [PLACE] senator [PERSON] [PERSON] from minnesota [PLACE] in office may [PERIOD] 11 , 1858 - march [PERIOD] 3 , 1859 preceded by himself ( shadow senator [PERSON] ) succeeded by morton s. wilkinson united states [PLACE] shadow senator [PERSON] [PERSON] from the minnesota territory [PLACE] in office december [PERIOD] 19 , 1857 - may [PERIOD] 11 , 1858 preceded by seat [PROPERTY] established succeeded by himself ( u.s. senator [PERSON] ) united states [PLACE] senator [PERSON] from illinois [PLACE] in office october [PERIOD] 27 , 1849 - march [PERIOD] 3 , 1855 preceded by himself succeeded by lyman trumbull [PERSON] in office march [PERIOD] 4 , 1849 - march [PERIOD] 15 , 1849 preceded by sidney [PLACE] breese succeeded by himself commissioner [PERSON] of the general land office [PLACE] in office april [PERIOD] 16 , 1845 - january [PERIOD] 5 , 1847 president james k [PERSON] . polk [PERSON] preceded by thomas h. blake [PERSON] succeeded by richard m. young auditor [PERSON] of illinois [PLACE] in office 1841-1843 governor [PERSON] thomas carlin thomas ford [PERSON] preceded by levi davis [PERSON] succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born [PERSON] ( 1806-05-10 ) may [PERIOD] 10 , 1806 altmore [PLACE] , ireland [PLACE] , united kingdom [PLACE] died june [PERIOD] 1 , 1879( 1879-06-01 ) ( aged 73 ) ottumwa [UNKNOWN] , iowa [PLACE] , u.s. political party democratic education university [INSTITUTION] of glasgow [INSTITUTION] ( ba ) signature military service [INSTITUTION] allegiance united states [PLACE] branch/service united states [PLACE] army [HUMAN GROUP] union army [HUMAN GROUP] years [PERIOD] of service [INSTITUTION] 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank [RANK] brigadier general [PERSON] battles/wars second seminole war [EVENT] mexican-american war [EVENT] american civil war [EVENT] james shields [PERSON] ( may [PERIOD] 10 , 1806 - june [PERIOD] 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician [PERSON] and united states [PLACE] army [HUMAN GROUP] officer [PLACE] , who is the only person [PERSON] in u.s. history [UNIT] to serve as a senator [PERSON] for three different states [PLACE] , and one of only two to represent multiple states [PLACE] in the u.s. senate [PERSON] . a member [PERSON] of the democratic party [FORCE] , shields [PERSON] represented illinois [PLACE] from 1849 to 1855 , in the 31st , 32nd , and 33rd congresses [UNKNOWN] , minnesota [PLACE] from 1858 to 1859 , in the 35th congress [PERSON] , and missouri [PERSON] in 1879 , in the 45th congress [PERSON] . born and initially educated in ireland [PLACE] , shields [PERSON] emigrated to the americas [UNKNOWN] in 1826 . he was briefly a sailor [PERSON] , and spent time [PERIOD] in quebec [PLACE] , before settling in kaskaskia [UNKNOWN] , illinois [PLACE] , where he studied and practiced law [PERSON] . in 1836 , he was elected to the illinois house [PLACE] of representatives [UNKNOWN] , and later as state auditor [PERSON] . his work [ACTIVITY] as auditor [PERSON] was criticized by a young abraham lincoln [PERSON] , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd [PERSON] ) published a series [SERIES] of inflammatory pseudonymous letters [SPEECH ACT] in a local paper [PERSON] . shields [PERSON] challenged lincoln [PERSON] to a duel [PERSON] , and the two nearly fought on september [PERIOD] 22 , 1842 , before making peace [EVENT] , and eventually becoming friends [PERSON] . in 1845 , shields [PERSON] was appointed to the illinois supreme court [PERSON] , from which he resigned to become commissioner [PERSON] of the u.s. united states [PLACE] general land office [PLACE] [PLACE] . at the outbreak [OCCURRENCE] of the mexican-american war [EVENT] , he left the land office [PLACE] to take an appointment [ACT] as brigadier general [PERSON] of volunteers [PERSON] . he served with distinction [SOUND] and was twice wounded . in 1848 , shields [PERSON] was appointed to and confirmed by the senate [PERSON] as the first governor [PERSON] of the oregon territory [PLACE] , which he declined . after serving as senator [PERSON] from illinois [PLACE] , he moved to minnesota [PLACE] and founded the town [PLACE] of shieldsville [UNKNOWN] there . he was then elected as senator [PERSON] from minnesota [PLACE] . he served in the american civil war [EVENT] , and at the battle [PERSON] of kernstown [PLACE] , his troops [HUMAN GROUP] inflicted the only tactical defeat [ACT] of stonewall jackson [PERSON] in the war [EVENT] . shields [PERSON] resigned his commission [INSTANCE] shortly thereafter [UNKNOWN] . after moving multiple times [UNKNOWN] , shields [PERSON] settled in missouri [PERSON] and served again for three months [PERIOD] in the senate [PERSON] . he died in 1879 and represents illinois [PLACE] in the national statuary hall [PLACE] . early life [EVENT] and career shields [PERSON] was born in altmore [PLACE] , county tyrone [PLACE] , ireland [PLACE] , to parents [PERSON] , charles shiells/o`shiells/shields [PERSON] and anne mcdonnell [PERSON] , the first of three children [PERSON] . as his father [PERSON] died when shields [PERSON] was six , his uncle [PERSON] , also named james shields [PERSON] and also born in ireland [PLACE] , played a large role [ROLE] in his life [EVENT] . ^ : 711-2 the elder shields [PERSON] was a professor [PERSON] of greek and latin , and served as a congressman [DEVICE] from ohio [PLACE] . the younger shields [PERSON] obtained early schooling at a hedge school [INSTITUTION] near his home [PLACE] , later at a school [INSTITUTION] run by a clergyman [DEVICE] from maynooth college [INSTITUTION] , and subsequently his uncle [PERSON] . he was educated in military science [STUDY] , fencing , and the french [PLACE] language [LANGUAGE] by a veteran [PERSON] of the napoleonic wars [EVENT] , of which there were many in ireland [PLACE] at the time [PERIOD] . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 shields [PERSON] attempted to emigrate to the united states [PLACE] in 1822 , but failed when his ship [SHIP] was driven aground [UNKNOWN] off the coast [PERSON] of scotland [PLACE] , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors [PERSON] . he successfully made it to america [PLACE] around 1826 , although his uncle [PERSON] whom he had sailed to meet had died . ^ : 712-3 shields [PERSON] took a job [PERSON] as a sailor [PERSON] , becoming a purser [PERSON] on a merchant ship [SHIP] . however , after a time [PERIOD] , an accident [OCCURRENCE] left shields [PERSON] disabled , and in the hospital [PLACE] with both legs [PERSON] broken for three months [PERIOD] . ^ : 713 after the accident [OCCURRENCE] , he volunteered and fought in the second seminole war [EVENT] , reaching the rank [RANK] of lieutenant [PERSON] . he spent some time [PERIOD] in quebec [PLACE] , founding a fencing school [INSTITUTION] . eventually , shields [PERSON] settled in kaskaskia [UNKNOWN] , randolph county [PLACE] , illinois [PLACE] , where he studied and began practicing law [PERSON] in 1832 , supplementing his income [MONEY] by teaching french [PLACE] . ^ : 712-3 ^ : 26 he served as a member [PERSON] of the illinois house [PLACE] of representatives [UNKNOWN] , beginning in 1836 , and in 1839 was elected as state auditor [PERSON] . ^ : 714 as auditor [PERSON] , shields [PERSON] was involved in correcting the state [STATE] 's finances [COGNITIVE STATE] following the panic [ACT] of 1837 . this was done , at times [UNKNOWN] , through practices [COLLECTION] that proved unpopular . ^ : 45 duel [PERSON] with abraham lincoln [PERSON] shields [PERSON] almost fought a duel [PERSON] on september [PERIOD] 22 , 1842 , with abraham lincoln [PERSON] , then a young lawyer [PERSON] in springfield [PLACE] , illinois [PLACE] . lincoln [PERSON] had published an inflammatory letter [SPEECH ACT] in a local newspaper [QUANTITY] , the sangamo journal [QUANTITY] , that attacked shields [PERSON] , impersonating a local farmer [PERSON] , and taking the pseudonym [NAME] of aunt becca [PERSON] , or simply rebecca [PERSON] . at the time [PERIOD] , there was great controversy [UNKNOWN] over the use [USE] of paper money [MONEY] , or that of gold [EVENT] and silver for the paying of public debts [MONEY] . the illinois state [STATE] bank [PLACE] had been forced to close , and shields [PERSON] as state auditor [PERSON] had become the target [PERSON] of resentment [PERSON] among members [PERSON] of the whig party [FORCE] , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections [PERSON] . lincoln [PERSON] 's future wife [PERSON] and then fiancée , mary todd [PERSON] , helped to revise the letter [SPEECH ACT] , and she and a close friend julia jayne [PERSON] , continued writing to the paper [PERSON] without lincoln [PERSON] 's knowledge [PERSON] . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca [PERSON] " as she was , denounced shields [PERSON] in the paper [PERSON] as a " fool as well as a liar [PERSON] , " and scandalously described him at a party [FORCE] among a group [GROUP] of women [PERSON] : if i was deaf and blind i could tell him by the smell [SMELL] ... all the galls [INSTANCE] about town [PLACE] were there , and all the handsome widows [PERSON] , and married women [PERSON] , finickin about , trying to look like galls [INSTANCE] , tied as tight in the middle [PLACE] , and puffed out at both ends [UNKNOWN] like bundles [SPACE] of fodder [NUMBER] that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... he was paying his money [MONEY] to this one and that one and tother one , and sufferin great loss [PERSON] because it wasn [UNKNOWN] ' silver instead of state paper [PERSON] ... " dear girls [PERSON] , it is distressing , but i cannot marry you all . too well i know how much you suffer , but do , do remember , it is not my fault that i am so handsome and so interesting . " ^ : 114 the publications [ACT] caused " intense excitement [STATE] " in springfield [PLACE] , and shields [PERSON] , taking great offense [PORTION] at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction [PERSON] , as well as the true identity [PERSON] of the author [PERSON] , then known only to the editor [PERSON] of the paper [PERSON] . lincoln [PERSON] took responsibility [RESPONSIBILITY] for the articles [ARTICLE] and accepted the challenge [EVENT] . ^ : 714 shields [PERSON] confronted lincoln [PERSON] , demanded a full retraction [ACT] , and the incident [EVENT] escalated to the two men [PERSON] picking seconds [PERIOD] , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island [PLACE] located between missouri [PERSON] and illinois [PLACE] called bloody island [PLACE] to participate in a duel [PERSON] . lincoln [PERSON] , as the one challenged , chose the weapons [WEAPON] for the duel [PERSON] , and selected the cavalry broadsword [PERSON] , as shields [PERSON] was an excellent marksman [PERSON] , and because lincoln [PERSON] stood 6 feet 4 inches ( 1.93 m ) to shields [PERSON] ' 5 feet 9 inches ( 1.75 m ) . ^ : 114-5 at least two accounts [COLLECTION] have john j. hardin and r. w. english [EVENT] intervening and convincing the two to cease hostilities [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . others [UNKNOWN] have them resolving their differences [RESULT] without incident [EVENT] , whether through threats [PERSON] on the part of lincoln [PERSON] , or through apology [LANGUAGE] and explanation [ACT] from him . however , all accounts [COLLECTION] agree that they left the island [PLACE] without following through with the duel [PERSON] . ^ : 714 ^ : 49 ^ : 115 thereafter [UNKNOWN] , shields [PERSON] and lincoln [PERSON] became and remained good friends [PERSON] . ^ : 714 subsequent career shields [PERSON] was appointed as an illinois supreme court [PERSON] justice on february [PERIOD] 18 , 1845 , to take the seat [PROPERTY] vacated by stephen a. douglas . ^ : 50 his term [TERM] was relatively unremarkable , and he soon resigned to become commissioner [PERSON] of the u.s. general land office [PLACE] [PLACE] . while at the land office [PLACE] , shields [PERSON] spent much effort [FORCE] boring , testing , surveying and examining land [LAND] in iowa [PLACE] , as he planned to establish a colony [PLACE] for irish immigrants [PERSON] there . he resigned from the position [POSITION] to assume command [COMMAND] as a brigadier general [PERSON] following the outbreak [OCCURRENCE] of the mexican-american war [EVENT] . ^ : 51-2 , 55 mexican-american war [EVENT] on july [PERIOD] 1 , 1846 , shields [PERSON] was commissioned a brigadier general [PERSON] of volunteers [PERSON] to fight in the mexican-american war [EVENT] . he served under zachary taylor [PERSON] , then also a brigadier general [PERSON] , and later under brigadier general [PERSON] john e. wool [PERSON] and major general [PERSON] winfield scott [PERSON] . ^ : 606 in 1846 , shields [PERSON] left for war [EVENT] with two brigades [UNKNOWN] under his command [COMMAND] . ^ : 87 in february [PERIOD] 1847 , when tampico [PLACE] was abandoned , his men [PERSON] assumed control [SET] of the city [PLACE] . he commanded the 3rd brigade [FORCE] , volunteer division [ESTATE] , at the battles [PERSON] of vera cruz [PLACE] and cerro gordo [PERSON] , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot [UNKNOWN] , and spent nine weeks [PERIOD] recuperating . he returned to fight in a single day [PERIOD] , at both the battles [PERSON] of contreras [PERSON] and churubusco [PERSON] . his command [COMMAND] that day [PERIOD] was criticized as clumsy [PERSON] by some , ^ : 606 and praised as skillful by others [UNKNOWN] . ^ : 75 he required reinforcements [GROUP] to overcome strong enemy resistance [PERSON] , but his brigade [FORCE] took over 800 prisoners [PERSON] . ^ : 606 shields [PERSON] was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm [LANGUAGE] in the battle [PERSON] of chapultepec [PLACE] , after his horse [HORSE] was shot out from underneath [UNKNOWN] him , and he continued fighting on foot [FOOT] , and leading his troops [HUMAN GROUP] with sword [PERSON] . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 he remained on the field [LAND] until the conclusion [CONCLUSION] of the battle [PERSON] , ^ : 716-7 but was then forced to spend several months [PERIOD] recuperating , where he remained until after the final battles [PERSON] of the war [EVENT] . ^ : 606 shields [PERSON] returned to america [PLACE] , where he was mustered out and his brigade [FORCE] disbanded on july [PERIOD] 28 , 1848 . shields [PERSON] returned to his law practice [COLLECTION] in illinois [PLACE] . he was brevetted to major general [PERSON] , and received two honorary swords [RESOURCE] from the states south carolina [PLACE] and illinois [PLACE] . ^ : 716-7 ^ : 606 senator [PERSON] from illinois daguerreotype [PLACE] of shields [PERSON] c. 1849-1855 following the war [EVENT] , on august [PERIOD] 14 , 1848 , he was nominated by president polk [PERSON] , and confirmed by the united states [PLACE] senate [PERSON] to serve as governor [PERSON] of oregon territory [PLACE] , which had been created that same day [PERIOD] . however , he declined the position [POSITION] and joseph lane [PERSON] was nominated and became the first governor [PERSON] of the new territory [PLACE] . ^ : 6-7 , 10 shields [PERSON] declined the governorship [UNKNOWN] to run for the senate [PERSON] from illinois [PLACE] . he won , but the election [PERSON] was voided by on the grounds [AMOUNT] that he had not been a u.s. citizen [PERSON] for the nine years [PERIOD] required by the united states [PLACE] constitution [PLACE] ; having been naturalized october [PERIOD] 21 , 1840 , and elected on january [PERIOD] 13 , 1849 . he therefore resigned from the senate [PERSON] on march [PERIOD] 14 , returned to illinois [PLACE] , campaigned once again for the seat [PROPERTY] he had resigned , and won a special election [PERSON] held by the governor [PERSON] in december [PERIOD] ( after nine years [PERIOD] had passed ) , in order [PERSON] to replace himself as senator [PERSON] . ^ : 717 ^ : 118 ^ : 79 as senator [PERSON] , he opposed slavery [UNIT] , and supported land grants [PERSON] to agricultural colleges [INSTITUTION] , to railroads [EVENT] , to soldiers [UNKNOWN] , and to settlers [PERSON] under a homestead act [ACT] . ^ : 717 shields [PERSON] published the 1854 book [ENTITY] , a history [UNIT] of illinois [PLACE] , from its commencement [ACTION] as a state [STATE] in 1818 to 1847 , originally written by illinois governor [PERSON] thomas ford [PERSON] . according to the foreword [RANK] by shields [PERSON] , ford [PERSON] gave him the manuscript [COLLECTION] on his death bed [UNKNOWN] , so that shields [PERSON] might publish it , and use [USE] the proceeds [UNKNOWN] to benefit ford [PERSON] 's then orphaned children [PERSON] . in 1854 , a military company [INSTITUTION] in chicago [PLACE] was named " the shields guards [PERSON] " in his honor [PERSON] . the guards [PERSON] would come to make up companies [PERSON] i and k in the 23rd illinois volunteer infantry regiment [HUMAN GROUP] . senator [PERSON] from minnesota [PLACE] in 1855 , shields [PERSON] was defeated for re-election in illinois [PLACE] in a three way runoff [ABSTRACT ENTITY] between himself , lincoln [PERSON] , and lyman trumbull [PERSON] , with trumbull [PERSON] eventually winning the seat [PROPERTY] after several ballots [AMOUNT] . ^ : 119 shields [PERSON] then moved to minnesota [PLACE] , to inspect lands [LAND] he had been awarded there in return [ACT] for his military service [INSTITUTION] . he arranged for irish immigrants [PERSON] to move from the east coast [PERSON] to minnesota [PLACE] , settling in rice [PERSON] and le sueur counties [LAND] . shields [PERSON] himself founded shieldsville [UNKNOWN] , minnesota [PLACE] , and was also involved in the early settlement [GROUP] of faribault [UNKNOWN] , minnesota [PLACE] . in 1857 , native americans [UNKNOWN] massacred settlers [PERSON] in spirit lake [PERSON] , iowa [PLACE] . shields [PERSON] led a group [GROUP] of about 100 people [HUMAN GROUP] from minnesota [PLACE] to fight the tribes [PERSON] ; however , by the time [PERIOD] he arrived , the tribes [PERSON] had been beaten by troops [HUMAN GROUP] under the control [SET] of judson bishop [PERSON] . ^ : 719-21 when minnesota [PLACE] achieved statehood [CONDITION] in 1858 , and the legislature [BODY] convened in december [PERIOD] , shields [PERSON] was put forward as a compromise candidate [AMOUNT] for u.s. senator [PERSON] along with henry mower rice [PERSON] . the two drew straws [PERSON] to determine who would serve out the longer and shorter terms [UNKNOWN] . shields [PERSON] drew the short straw [ABSTRACT ENTITY] and thus served until only march [PERIOD] 1859 , losing his 1859 re-election bid to morton s. wilkinson . ^ : 719 american civil war [EVENT] photograph [PERSON] by mathew brady [PERSON] c. 1861-1865 shields [PERSON] then moved to california [PLACE] , and married mary carr [PERSON] in 1861 . he was engaged in a mining venture [PERSON] in mexico [PLACE] , and it was there that shields [PERSON] was when he was appointed as brigadier general [PERSON] of volunteers [PERSON] from that state [STATE] following the outbreak [OCCURRENCE] of the american civil war [EVENT] , succeeding the late frederick w. lander [PERSON] . he commanded the 2nd division [ESTATE] of the v corps [PLACE] , army [HUMAN GROUP] of the potomac [PLACE] ( subsequently part of the army [HUMAN GROUP] of the shenandoah [PERSON] ) , during the valley campaign [PERSON] of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields [PERSON] was wounded at the battle [PERSON] of kernstown [PLACE] on march [PERIOD] 22 , 1862 , but his troops [HUMAN GROUP] inflicted the only tactical defeat [ACT] of general [PERSON] thomas j. " stonewall [PERSON] " jackson [PERSON] during the campaign [PERSON] ( or the war [EVENT] ) . the day [PERIOD] after kernstown [PLACE] , he was promoted to major general [PERSON] , but the promotion [ACT] was withdrawn , reconsidered , and then finally rejected . largely a result [RESULT] of his promotion [ACT] being rejected , shields [PERSON] resigned from the army [HUMAN GROUP] . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields [PERSON] was informally offered command [COMMAND] of the army [HUMAN GROUP] of the potomac [PLACE] by abraham lincoln [PERSON] . shields [PERSON] declined owing to a poor relationship [RELATIONSHIP] with secretary [PERSON] of war edwin stanton [PERSON] . ^ : 721-724 senator [PERSON] from missouri statue [PERSON] of shields [PERSON] at the minnesota state capitol [PLACE] statue [PERSON] of shields [PERSON] in the minnesota state capitol [PLACE] , 2008 statue [PERSON] of shields [PERSON] in the united states [PLACE] capitol statue [PERSON] of shields [PERSON] in the united states [PLACE] capitol [PLACE] , 2011 in 1863 , shields [PERSON] moved to san francisco [PLACE] , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner [PERSON] [PLACE] , and then to the mississippi valley [PERSON] , and to wisconsin [PLACE] . in 1866 he settled in carrollton [UNKNOWN] , missouri [PERSON] , which remained his home [PLACE] , and where he tended to his farm [PERSON] , lectured , and continued public involvement [ACT] until his death [EVENT] 13 years [PERIOD] later . ^ : 724-5 he ran for congress [PERSON] unwillingly in 1868 , and , in a contested election [PERSON] , lost . the result [RESULT] was disputed , and congress [PERSON] awarded a year [PERIOD] 's salary [AMOUNT] to shields [PERSON] . a member [PERSON] of congress [PERSON] , benjamin butler [PERSON] , proposed him as doorkeeper [UNKNOWN] of the united states [PLACE] house [PLACE] of representatives [UNKNOWN] in 1876 , but shields [PERSON] , viewing it as an indignity [STATE] , declined . shields [PERSON] was involved in fundraising to provide aid [PERSON] to the yellow fever stricken southern us [PERSON] . he served as member [PERSON] of the missouri state [STATE] house [PLACE] of representatives [UNKNOWN] , and as railroad commissioner [PERSON] was involved in establishing the state railroad commission [INSTANCE] . ^ : 725-6 in 1879 , he was elected to fill the seat left [PERSON] vacant by the death [EVENT] of senator [PERSON] lewis v. bogy . he served only three months [PERIOD] and declined to run for re-election , but this made shields [PERSON] the only person [PERSON] to have ever served as senator [PERSON] from three different states [PLACE] . ^ : 726-7 death [EVENT] and legacy shields [PERSON] died unexpectedly in ottumwa [UNKNOWN] , iowa [PLACE] , on june [PERIOD] 1 , 1879 , while on a lecture tour [ACT] , after reportedly complaining of chest pains [CONDITION] . ^ : 329 his body [BODY] was transferred to carrollton [UNKNOWN] , missouri [PERSON] by train [TRAIN] , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral [ACTION] was held at the local catholic church [PERSON] , and his body [BODY] escorted to st . mary [PERSON] 's cemetery [PLACE] by two companies [PERSON] of the nineteenth infantry [PERSON] , the craig rifles [PERSON] , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave [RESULT] remained unmarked for 30 years [PERIOD] , until the local government [GOVERNMENT] and the u.s. congress [PERSON] funded a granite [PERSON] and bronze monument [PERSON] there in his honor [PERSON] . ^ : 729 shields [PERSON] was not a wealthy man [PERSON] in later life [EVENT] , ^ : 725 and upon his death [EVENT] the most valuable possessions [STATE] he had to leave his family [HUMAN GROUP] were his ceremonial swords [RESOURCE] , given to him following the end [UNKNOWN] of the mexican-american war [EVENT] . ^ : 717 after his death [EVENT] , mary shields [PERSON] remained in carrollton [UNKNOWN] , with their daughter [PERSON] and two sons [PERSON] , until eventually moving to new york [PLACE] to live with their son daniel [PERSON] . ^ : 728-9 a bronze statue [PERSON] of shields [PERSON] was given by the state [STATE] of illinois [PLACE] in 1893 , to the u.s. capitol [EVENT] , and represents the state [STATE] in the national statuary hall [PLACE] . the statue [PERSON] was sculpted by leonard volk [PERSON] , and dedicated in december [PERIOD] 1893 . a statue [PERSON] of shields [PERSON] stands in front [RANK] of the carroll county courthouse [PERSON] in carrollton [UNKNOWN] , missouri [PERSON] . dedicated on november [PERIOD] 12 , 1910 , newspapers [QUANTITY] reported " hundreds [UNKNOWN] of visitors [PERSON] from several states [PLACE] " that were present at the unveiling [ACT] . congress [PERSON] allocated $5,000 for the monument [PERSON] . a third statue [PERSON] stands on the grounds [AMOUNT] of the state capitol [PLACE] in saint paul [PERSON] , minnesota [PLACE] , dedicated in 1914 . derek warfield [PERSON] wrote a song [ARTWORK] named the ballad [SOUND] of general shields [PERSON] about him .

## Objects found

Id | Form | Freq | Tag | Context | Error
1 | shields | 56 | PERSON | for other people named james shields , see james shields ( disambiguation ) . |
2 | illinois | 16 | PLACE | united states senator from illinois |
3 | minnesota | 12 | PLACE | in office january 27 , 1879 - march 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong succeeded by george graham vest united states senator from minnesota |
4 | lincoln | 11 | PERSON | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
5 | senator | 9 | PERSON | james shields united states senator from missouri |
6 | march | 7 | PERIOD | in office january 27 , 1879 - march 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong succeeded by george graham vest united states senator from minnesota |
7 | missouri | 7 | PERSON | james shields united states senator from missouri |
8 | time | 6 | PERIOD | he was briefly a sailor , and spent time in quebec , before settling in kaskaskia , illinois , where he studied and practiced law . |
9 | congress | 6 | PERSON | a member of the democratic party , shields represented illinois from 1849 to 1855 , in the 31st , 32nd , and 33rd congresses , minnesota from 1858 to 1859 , in the 35th congress , and missouri in 1879 , in the 45th congress . |
10 | duel | 6 | PERSON | shields challenged lincoln to a duel , and the two nearly fought on september 22 , 1842 , before making peace , and eventually becoming friends . |
11 | state | 5 | STATE | in 1836 , he was elected to the illinois house of representatives , and later as state auditor . |
12 | war | 5 | EVENT | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
13 | ireland | 5 | PLACE | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
14 | mexican american war | 5 | EVENT |  |
15 | army | 4 | HUMAN GROUP | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
16 | iowa | 4 | PLACE | ottumwa , iowa , u.s. political party democratic education university of glasgow ( ba ) |
17 | death | 4 | EVENT | according to the foreword by shields , ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed , so that shields might publish it , and use the proceeds to benefit ford 's then orphaned children . |
18 | seat | 4 | PROPERTY | in office december 19 , 1857 - may 11 , 1858 preceded by seat established succeeded by himself ( u.s. |
19 | brigadier general | 4 | PERSON | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
20 | states | 4 | PLACE | james shields united states senator from missouri |
21 | paper | 4 | PERSON | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
22 | carrollton | 4 | UNKNOWN | in 1866 he settled in carrollton , missouri , which remained his home , and where he tended to his farm , lectured , and continued public involvement until his death 13 years later . ^ : 724-5 |
23 | governor | 4 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
24 | representatives | 4 | UNKNOWN | in 1836 , he was elected to the illinois house of representatives , and later as state auditor . |
25 | member | 4 | PERSON | a member of the democratic party , shields represented illinois from 1849 to 1855 , in the 31st , 32nd , and 33rd congresses , minnesota from 1858 to 1859 , in the 35th congress , and missouri in 1879 , in the 45th congress . |
26 | senate | 4 | PERSON | senate . |
27 | troops | 4 | HUMAN GROUP | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
28 | statue | 4 | PERSON | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
29 | months | 4 | PERIOD | after moving multiple times , shields settled in missouri and served again for three months in the senate . |
30 | battle | 4 | PERSON | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
31 | day | 4 | PERIOD | he returned to fight in a single day , at both the battles of contreras and churubusco . |
32 | election | 3 | PERSON | he won , but the election was voided by on the grounds that he had not been a u.s. citizen for the nine years required by the united states constitution ; having been naturalized october 21 , 1840 , and elected on january 13 , 1849 . |
33 | life | 3 | EVENT | early life and career |
34 | james shields | 3 | PERSON | for other people named james shields , see james shields ( disambiguation ) . |
35 | june | 3 | PERIOD | died june 1 , 1879( 1879-06-01 ) ( aged 73 ) |
36 | years | 3 | PERIOD | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
37 | volunteers | 3 | PERSON | at the outbreak of the mexican-american war , he left the land office to take an appointment as brigadier general of volunteers . |
38 | battles | 3 | PERSON | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
39 | december | 3 | PERIOD | in office december 19 , 1857 - may 11 , 1858 preceded by seat established succeeded by himself ( u.s. |
40 | uncle | 3 | PERSON | as his father died when shields was six , his uncle , also named james shields and also born in ireland , played a large role in his life . ^ : 711-2 |
41 | abraham lincoln | 3 | PERSON | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
42 | commissioner | 3 | PERSON | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
43 | general | 3 | PERSON | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
44 | may | 3 | PERIOD | in office may 11 , 1858 - march 3 , 1859 preceded by himself ( shadow senator ) |
45 | auditor | 3 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
46 | kernstown | 3 | PLACE | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
47 | outbreak | 3 | OCCURRENCE | at the outbreak of the mexican-american war , he left the land office to take an appointment as brigadier general of volunteers . |
48 | mary todd | 2 | PERSON | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
49 | quebec | 2 | PLACE | he was briefly a sailor , and spent time in quebec , before settling in kaskaskia , illinois , where he studied and practiced law . |
50 | school | 2 | INSTITUTION | shields obtained early schooling at a hedge school near his home , later at a school run by a clergyman from maynooth college , and subsequently his uncle . |
51 | kaskaskia | 2 | UNKNOWN | he was briefly a sailor , and spent time in quebec , before settling in kaskaskia , illinois , where he studied and practiced law . |
52 | september | 2 | PERIOD | shields challenged lincoln to a duel , and the two nearly fought on september 22 , 1842 , before making peace , and eventually becoming friends . |
53 | accounts | 2 | COLLECTION | at least two accounts have john j. |
54 | sailor | 2 | PERSON | he was briefly a sailor , and spent time in quebec , before settling in kaskaskia , illinois , where he studied and practiced law . |
55 | galls | 2 | INSTANCE | all the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... |
56 | illinois supreme court | 2 | PERSON | in 1845 , shields was appointed to the illinois supreme court , from which he resigned to become commissioner of the u.s. united states general land office . |
57 | home | 2 | PLACE | shields obtained early schooling at a hedge school near his home , later at a school run by a clergyman from maynooth college , and subsequently his uncle . |
58 | american civil war | 2 | EVENT | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
59 | swords | 2 | RESOURCE | he was brevetted to major general , and received two honorary swords from the states south carolina and illinois . ^ : 716-7 ^ : 606 |
60 | national statuary hall | 2 | PLACE | he died in 1879 and represents illinois in the national statuary hall . |
61 | group | 2 | GROUP | lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , mary todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend julia jayne , continued writing to the paper without lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca " as she was , denounced shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : |
62 | u.s. senator | 2 | PERSON | when minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 , and the legislature convened in december , shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for u.s. senator along with henry mower rice . |
63 | re election | 2 | PERSON |  |
64 | state auditor | 2 | PERSON | in 1836 , he was elected to the illinois house of representatives , and later as state auditor . |
65 | promotion | 2 | ACT | the day after kernstown , he was promoted to major general , but the promotion was withdrawn , reconsidered , and then finally rejected . |
66 | control | 2 | SET | in february 1847 , when tampico was abandoned , his men assumed control of the city . |
67 | shieldsville | 2 | UNKNOWN | after serving as senator from illinois , he moved to minnesota and founded the town of shieldsville there . |
68 | potomac | 2 | PLACE | he commanded the 2nd division of the v corps , army of the potomac ( subsequently part of the army of the shenandoah ) , during the valley campaign of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields was wounded at the battle of kernstown on march 22 , 1862 , but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of general thomas j. " stonewall " jackson during the campaign ( or the war ) . |
69 | honor | 2 | PERSON | in 1854 , a military company in chicago was named " the shields guards " in his honor . |
70 | times | 2 | UNKNOWN | after moving multiple times , shields settled in missouri and served again for three months in the senate . |
71 | ottumwa | 2 | UNKNOWN | ottumwa , iowa , u.s. political party democratic education university of glasgow ( ba ) |
72 | oregon territory | 2 | PLACE | in 1848 , shields was appointed to and confirmed by the senate as the first governor of the oregon territory , which he declined . |
73 | law | 2 | PERSON | he was briefly a sailor , and spent time in quebec , before settling in kaskaskia , illinois , where he studied and practiced law . |
74 | women | 2 | PERSON | lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , mary todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend julia jayne , continued writing to the paper without lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca " as she was , denounced shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : |
75 | politician | 2 | PERSON | american politician and soldier |
76 | ford | 2 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
77 | rebecca | 2 | PERSON | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
78 | town | 2 | PLACE | after serving as senator from illinois , he moved to minnesota and founded the town of shieldsville there . |
79 | children | 2 | PERSON | shields was born in altmore , county tyrone , ireland , to parents , charles shiells/o`shiells/shields and anne mcdonnell , the first of three children . |
80 | friends | 2 | PERSON | shields challenged lincoln to a duel , and the two nearly fought on september 22 , 1842 , before making peace , and eventually becoming friends . |
81 | incident | 2 | EVENT | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
82 | island | 2 | PLACE | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
83 | july | 2 | PERIOD | on july 1 , 1846 , shields was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers to fight in the mexican-american war . |
84 | land office | 2 | PLACE | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
85 | position | 2 | POSITION | he resigned from the position to assume command as a brigadier general following the outbreak of the mexican-american war . ^ : 51-2 , 55 mexican-american war |
86 | october | 2 | PERIOD | in office october 27 , 1849 - march 3 , 1855 preceded by himself succeeded by lyman trumbull |
87 | january | 2 | PERIOD | in office january 27 , 1879 - march 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong succeeded by george graham vest united states senator from minnesota |
88 | men | 2 | PERSON | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
89 | illinois house | 2 | PLACE | in 1836 , he was elected to the illinois house of representatives , and later as state auditor . |
90 | result | 2 | RESULT | largely a result of his promotion being rejected , shields resigned from the army . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields was informally offered command of the army of the potomac by abraham lincoln . |
91 | america | 2 | PLACE | he successfully made it to america around 1826 , although his uncle whom he had sailed to meet had died . ^ : 712-3 shields took a job as a sailor , becoming a purser on a merchant ship . |
92 | feet inches | 2 | UNIT |  |
93 | defeat | 2 | ACT | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
94 | ship | 2 | SHIP | shields attempted to emigrate to the united states in 1822 , but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of scotland , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors . |
95 | others | 2 | UNKNOWN | others have them resolving their differences without incident , whether through threats on the part of lincoln , or through apology and explanation from him . |
96 | grounds | 2 | AMOUNT | he won , but the election was voided by on the grounds that he had not been a u.s. citizen for the nine years required by the united states constitution ; having been naturalized october 21 , 1840 , and elected on january 13 , 1849 . |
97 | tribes | 2 | PERSON | shields led a group of about 100 people from minnesota to fight the tribes ; however , by the time he arrived , the tribes had been beaten by troops under the control of judson bishop . ^ : 719-21 |
98 | career shields | 2 | PERSON |  |
99 | brigade | 2 | FORCE | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
100 | person | 2 | PERSON | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
101 | lyman trumbull | 2 | PERSON | in office october 27 , 1849 - march 3 , 1855 preceded by himself succeeded by lyman trumbull |
102 | command | 2 | COMMAND | he resigned from the position to assume command as a brigadier general following the outbreak of the mexican-american war . ^ : 51-2 , 55 mexican-american war |
103 | people | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | for other people named james shields , see james shields ( disambiguation ) . |
104 | springfield | 2 | PLACE | this was done , at times , through practices that proved unpopular . ^ : 45 duel with abraham lincoln shields almost fought a duel on september 22 , 1842 , with abraham lincoln , then a young lawyer in springfield , illinois . |
105 | settlers | 2 | PERSON | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
106 | companies | 2 | PERSON | the guards would come to make up companies i and k in the 23rd illinois volunteer infantry regiment . |
107 | letter | 2 | SPEECH ACT | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
108 | february | 2 | PERIOD | shields was appointed as an illinois supreme court justice on february 18 , 1845 , to take the seat vacated by stephen a. |
109 | body | 2 | BODY | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
110 | altmore | 2 | PLACE | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
111 | cemetery | 1 | PLACE | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
112 | senator lewis v. bogy | 1 | PERSON |  |
113 | randolph county | 1 | PLACE | eventually , shields settled in kaskaskia , randolph county , illinois , where he studied and began practicing law in 1832 , supplementing his income by teaching french . ^ : 712-3 ^ : 26 |
114 | u.s. general land office | 1 | PLACE | his term was relatively unremarkable , and he soon resigned to become commissioner of the u.s. general land office . |
115 | faribault | 1 | UNKNOWN | shields himself founded shieldsville , minnesota , and was also involved in the early settlement of faribault , minnesota . |
116 | irish immigrants | 1 | PERSON | while at the land office , shields spent much effort boring , testing , surveying and examining land in iowa , as he planned to establish a colony for irish immigrants there . |
117 | george graham vest united states senator | 1 | PERSON | in office january 27 , 1879 - march 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong succeeded by george graham vest united states senator from minnesota |
118 | enemy resistance | 1 | PERSON | he required reinforcements to overcome strong enemy resistance , but his brigade took over 800 prisoners . ^ : 606 |
119 | man | 1 | PERSON | shields was not a wealthy man in later life , ^ : 725 and upon his death the most valuable possessions he had to leave his family were his ceremonial swords , given to him following the end of the mexican-american war . ^ : 717 |
120 | united states senator | 1 | PERSON | james shields united states senator from missouri |
121 | wasn | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was paying his money to this one and that one and tother one , and sufferin great loss because it wasn ' silver instead of state paper ... " dear girls , it is distressing , but i cannot marry you all . |
122 | effort | 1 | FORCE | while at the land office , shields spent much effort boring , testing , surveying and examining land in iowa , as he planned to establish a colony for irish immigrants there . |
123 | richard m. young auditor | 1 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
124 | professor | 1 | PERSON | the elder shields was a professor of greek and latin , and served as a congressman from ohio . |
125 | terms | 1 | UNKNOWN | the two drew straws to determine who would serve out the longer and shorter terms . |
126 | return | 1 | ACT | shields then moved to minnesota , to inspect lands he had been awarded there in return for his military service . |
127 | anne mcdonnell | 1 | PERSON | shields was born in altmore , county tyrone , ireland , to parents , charles shiells/o`shiells/shields and anne mcdonnell , the first of three children . |
128 | john j. hardin | 1 | PERSON |  |
129 | united states army officer | 1 | PLACE | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
130 | carroll county courthouse | 1 | PERSON | a statue of shields stands in front of the carroll county courthouse in carrollton , missouri . |
131 | legs | 1 | PERSON | however , after a time , an accident left shields disabled , and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months . ^ : 713 after the accident , he volunteered and fought in the second seminole war , reaching the rank of lieutenant . |
132 | office may | 1 | PERIOD | in office may 11 , 1858 - march 3 , 1859 preceded by himself ( shadow senator ) |
133 | valley campaign | 1 | PERSON | he commanded the 2nd division of the v corps , army of the potomac ( subsequently part of the army of the shenandoah ) , during the valley campaign of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields was wounded at the battle of kernstown on march 22 , 1862 , but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of general thomas j. " stonewall " jackson during the campaign ( or the war ) . |
134 | twenty piece brass band | 1 | PERSON |  |
135 | clergyman | 1 | DEVICE | shields obtained early schooling at a hedge school near his home , later at a school run by a clergyman from maynooth college , and subsequently his uncle . |
136 | family | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | shields was not a wealthy man in later life , ^ : 725 and upon his death the most valuable possessions he had to leave his family were his ceremonial swords , given to him following the end of the mexican-american war . ^ : 717 |
137 | state railroad commission | 1 | PLACE | he served as member of the missouri state house of representatives , and as railroad commissioner was involved in establishing the state railroad commission . ^ : 725-6 |
138 | bronze monument | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
139 | friend julia jayne | 1 | PERSON | lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , mary todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend julia jayne , continued writing to the paper without lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca " as she was , denounced shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : |
140 | shields guards | 1 | PERSON | in 1854 , a military company in chicago was named " the shields guards " in his honor . |
141 | work | 1 | ACTIVITY | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
142 | government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
143 | division | 1 | ESTATE | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
144 | governorship | 1 | UNKNOWN | however , he declined the position and joseph lane was nominated and became the first governor of the new territory . ^ : 6-7 , 10 shields declined the governorship to run for the senate from illinois . |
145 | field | 1 | LAND | he remained on the field until the conclusion of the battle , ^ : 716-7 but was then forced to spend several months recuperating , where he remained until after the final battles of the war . ^ : 606 |
146 | way runoff | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in 1855 , shields was defeated for re-election in illinois in a three way runoff between himself , lincoln , and lyman trumbull , with trumbull eventually winning the seat after several ballots . ^ : 119 |
147 | granite | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
148 | office march | 1 | PERIOD | in office march 4 , 1849 - |
149 | grave | 1 | RESULT | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
150 | weapons | 1 | WEAPON | lincoln , as the one challenged , chose the weapons for the duel , and selected the cavalry broadsword , as shields was an excellent marksman , and because lincoln stood 6 feet 4 inches ( 1.93 m ) to shields ' 5 feet 9 inches ( 1.75 m ) . ^ : 114-5 |
151 | united states senate | 1 | PLACE | following the war , on august 14 , 1848 , he was nominated by president polk , and confirmed by the united states senate to serve as governor of oregon territory , which had been created that same day . |
152 | gold | 1 | EVENT | at the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . |
153 | straw | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | shields drew the short straw and thus served until only march 1859 , losing his 1859 re-election bid to morton s. |
154 | girls | 1 | PERSON | he was paying his money to this one and that one and tother one , and sufferin great loss because it wasn ' silver instead of state paper ... " dear girls , it is distressing , but i cannot marry you all . |
155 | excitement | 1 | STATE | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
156 | satisfaction | 1 | PERSON | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
157 | u.s. citizen | 1 | PERSON | he won , but the election was voided by on the grounds that he had not been a u.s. citizen for the nine years required by the united states constitution ; having been naturalized october 21 , 1840 , and elected on january 13 , 1849 . |
158 | disambiguation | 1 | ACT | for other people named james shields , see james shields ( disambiguation ) . |
159 | catholic church | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
160 | war edwin stanton | 1 | PERSON | shields declined owing to a poor relationship with secretary of war edwin stanton . ^ : 721-724 |
161 | u.s. congress | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
162 | president james k | 1 | PERSON | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
163 | farmer | 1 | PERSON | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
164 | letters | 1 | SPEECH ACT | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
165 | saint paul | 1 | PERSON | a third statue stands on the grounds of the state capitol in saint paul , minnesota , dedicated in 1914 . |
166 | east coast | 1 | PERSON | he arranged for irish immigrants to move from the east coast to minnesota , settling in rice and le sueur counties . |
167 | soldier | 1 | UNKNOWN | american politician and soldier |
168 | hostilities | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | hardin and r. w. english intervening and convincing the two to cease hostilities . |
169 | practices | 1 | COLLECTION | this was done , at times , through practices that proved unpopular . ^ : 45 duel with abraham lincoln shields almost fought a duel on september 22 , 1842 , with abraham lincoln , then a young lawyer in springfield , illinois . |
170 | whig party | 1 | FORCE | the illinois state bank had been forced to close , and shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the whig party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . |
171 | weeks | 1 | PERIOD | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
172 | bundles | 1 | SPACE | all the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... |
173 | daughter | 1 | PERSON | after his death , mary shields remained in carrollton , with their daughter and two sons , until eventually moving to new york to live with their son daniel . ^ : 728-9 |
174 | mathew brady | 1 | PERSON | american civil war photograph by mathew brady c. 1861-1865 |
175 | appointment | 1 | ACT | at the outbreak of the mexican-american war , he left the land office to take an appointment as brigadier general of volunteers . |
176 | french | 1 | PLACE | he was educated in military science , fencing , and the french language by a veteran of the napoleonic wars , of which there were many in ireland at the time . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 |
177 | general land office | 1 | PLACE | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
178 | aid | 1 | PERSON | shields was involved in fundraising to provide aid to the yellow fever stricken southern us . |
179 | year | 1 | PERIOD | the result was disputed , and congress awarded a year 's salary to shields . |
180 | shadow senator | 1 | PERSON | in office may 11 , 1858 - march 3 , 1859 preceded by himself ( shadow senator ) |
181 | wife | 1 | PERSON | lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , mary todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend julia jayne , continued writing to the paper without lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca " as she was , denounced shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : |
182 | underneath | 1 | UNKNOWN | shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the battle of chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 |
183 | minnesota state capitol statue | 1 | PLACE | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
184 | congresses | 1 | UNKNOWN | a member of the democratic party , shields represented illinois from 1849 to 1855 , in the 31st , 32nd , and 33rd congresses , minnesota from 1858 to 1859 , in the 35th congress , and missouri in 1879 , in the 45th congress . |
185 | younger shields | 1 | PERSON |  |
186 | hundreds | 1 | UNKNOWN | dedicated on november 12 , 1910 , newspapers reported " hundreds of visitors from several states " that were present at the unveiling . |
187 | peace | 1 | EVENT | shields challenged lincoln to a duel , and the two nearly fought on september 22 , 1842 , before making peace , and eventually becoming friends . |
188 | vera cruz | 1 | PLACE | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
189 | u.s. capitol | 1 | EVENT | a bronze statue of shields was given by the state of illinois in 1893 , to the u.s. capitol , and represents the state in the national statuary hall . |
190 | congressman | 1 | DEVICE | the elder shields was a professor of greek and latin , and served as a congressman from ohio . |
191 | thereafter | 1 | UNKNOWN | shields resigned his commission shortly thereafter . |
192 | legacy shields | 1 | PERSON |  |
193 | order | 1 | PERSON | he therefore resigned from the senate on march 14 , returned to illinois , campaigned once again for the seat he had resigned , and won a special election held by the governor in december ( after nine years had passed ) , in order to replace himself as senator . ^ : 717 ^ : 118 ^ : 79 |
194 | missouri state house | 1 | PLACE | he served as member of the missouri state house of representatives , and as railroad commissioner was involved in establishing the state railroad commission . ^ : 725-6 |
195 | marksman | 1 | PERSON | lincoln , as the one challenged , chose the weapons for the duel , and selected the cavalry broadsword , as shields was an excellent marksman , and because lincoln stood 6 feet 4 inches ( 1.93 m ) to shields ' 5 feet 9 inches ( 1.75 m ) . ^ : 114-5 |
196 | frederick w. lander | 1 | PERSON | he was engaged in a mining venture in mexico , and it was there that shields was when he was appointed as brigadier general of volunteers from that state following the outbreak of the american civil war , succeeding the late frederick w. lander . |
197 | james shields united states senator | 1 | PERSON | james shields united states senator from missouri |
198 | churubusco | 1 | PERSON | he returned to fight in a single day , at both the battles of contreras and churubusco . |
199 | americas | 1 | UNKNOWN | born and initially educated in ireland , shields emigrated to the americas in 1826 . |
200 | identity | 1 | PERSON | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
201 | lands | 1 | LAND | shields then moved to minnesota , to inspect lands he had been awarded there in return for his military service . |
202 | song | 1 | ARTWORK | derek warfield wrote a song named the ballad of general shields about him . |
203 | panic | 1 | ACT | as auditor , shields was involved in correcting the state 's finances following the panic of 1837 . |
204 | state paper | 1 | PLACE | he was paying his money to this one and that one and tother one , and sufferin great loss because it wasn ' silver instead of state paper ... " dear girls , it is distressing , but i cannot marry you all . |
205 | united states capitol | 1 | PLACE | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
206 | series | 1 | SERIES | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
207 | trumbull | 1 | PERSON | in office october 27 , 1849 - march 3 , 1855 preceded by himself succeeded by lyman trumbull |
208 | august | 1 | PERIOD | following the war , on august 14 , 1848 , he was nominated by president polk , and confirmed by the united states senate to serve as governor of oregon territory , which had been created that same day . |
209 | campaign | 1 | PERSON | he commanded the 2nd division of the v corps , army of the potomac ( subsequently part of the army of the shenandoah ) , during the valley campaign of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields was wounded at the battle of kernstown on march 22 , 1862 , but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of general thomas j. " stonewall " jackson during the campaign ( or the war ) . |
210 | history | 1 | UNIT | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
211 | chicago | 1 | PLACE | in 1854 , a military company in chicago was named " the shields guards " in his honor . |
212 | ballots | 1 | AMOUNT | in 1855 , shields was defeated for re-election in illinois in a three way runoff between himself , lincoln , and lyman trumbull , with trumbull eventually winning the seat after several ballots . ^ : 119 |
213 | accident | 1 | OCCURRENCE | however , after a time , an accident left shields disabled , and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months . ^ : 713 after the accident , he volunteered and fought in the second seminole war , reaching the rank of lieutenant . |
214 | zachary taylor | 1 | PERSON | he served under zachary taylor , then also a brigadier general , and later under brigadier general john e. wool and major general winfield scott . ^ : 606 |
215 | party democratic education university | 1 | INSTITUTION | ottumwa , iowa , u.s. political party democratic education university of glasgow ( ba ) |
216 | offense | 1 | PORTION | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
217 | ohio | 1 | PLACE | the elder shields was a professor of greek and latin , and served as a congressman from ohio . |
218 | fever stricken southern us | 1 | PERSON | shields was involved in fundraising to provide aid to the yellow fever stricken southern us . |
219 | company | 1 | INSTITUTION | in 1854 , a military company in chicago was named " the shields guards " in his honor . |
220 | morton s. wilkinson | 1 | PERSON | succeeded by morton s. wilkinson united states shadow senator from the minnesota territory |
221 | charles shiells/o`shiells/shields | 1 | PERSON | shields was born in altmore , county tyrone , ireland , to parents , charles shiells/o`shiells/shields and anne mcdonnell , the first of three children . |
222 | chest pains | 1 | CONDITION | shields died unexpectedly in ottumwa , iowa , on june 1 , 1879 , while on a lecture tour , after reportedly complaining of chest pains . ^ : 329 |
223 | smell | 1 | SMELL | if i was deaf and blind i could tell him by the smell ... |
224 | stephen a. douglas | 1 | PERSON |  |
225 | derek warfield | 1 | PERSON | derek warfield wrote a song named the ballad of general shields about him . |
226 | middle | 1 | PLACE | all the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... |
227 | mary | 1 | PERSON | his work as auditor was criticized by a young abraham lincoln , who ( with his then fiancée , mary todd ) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper . |
228 | united states capitol statue | 1 | PLACE | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
229 | author | 1 | PERSON | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
230 | jackson | 1 | PERSON | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
231 | monument | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
232 | illinois governor thomas ford | 1 | PERSON | shields published the 1854 book , a history of illinois , from its commencement as a state in 1818 to 1847 , originally written by illinois governor thomas ford . |
233 | death bed | 1 | UNKNOWN | according to the foreword by shields , ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed , so that shields might publish it , and use the proceeds to benefit ford 's then orphaned children . |
234 | brigades | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1846 , shields left for war with two brigades under his command . ^ : 87 |
235 | farm | 1 | PERSON | in 1866 he settled in carrollton , missouri , which remained his home , and where he tended to his farm , lectured , and continued public involvement until his death 13 years later . ^ : 724-5 |
236 | v corps | 1 | PLACE | he commanded the 2nd division of the v corps , army of the potomac ( subsequently part of the army of the shenandoah ) , during the valley campaign of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields was wounded at the battle of kernstown on march 22 , 1862 , but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of general thomas j. " stonewall " jackson during the campaign ( or the war ) . |
237 | volunteer division | 1 | ESTATE | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
238 | straws | 1 | PERSON | the two drew straws to determine who would serve out the longer and shorter terms . |
239 | sons | 1 | PERSON | after his death , mary shields remained in carrollton , with their daughter and two sons , until eventually moving to new york to live with their son daniel . ^ : 728-9 |
240 | sword | 1 | PERSON | shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the battle of chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 |
241 | funeral | 1 | ACTION | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
242 | scotland | 1 | PLACE | shields attempted to emigrate to the united states in 1822 , but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of scotland , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors . |
243 | ends | 1 | UNKNOWN | all the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... |
244 | seconds | 1 | PERIOD | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
245 | mississippi valley | 1 | PERSON | in 1863 , shields moved to san francisco , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner , and then to the mississippi valley , and to wisconsin . |
246 | state capitol | 1 | PLACE | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
247 | land | 1 | LAND | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
248 | general shields | 1 | PERSON | derek warfield wrote a song named the ballad of general shields about him . |
249 | mining venture | 1 | PERSON | he was engaged in a mining venture in mexico , and it was there that shields was when he was appointed as brigadier general of volunteers from that state following the outbreak of the american civil war , succeeding the late frederick w. lander . |
250 | fodder | 1 | NUMBER | all the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... |
251 | law practice | 1 | COLLECTION | shields returned to his law practice in illinois . |
252 | mexico | 1 | PLACE | he was engaged in a mining venture in mexico , and it was there that shields was when he was appointed as brigadier general of volunteers from that state following the outbreak of the american civil war , succeeding the late frederick w. lander . |
253 | judson bishop | 1 | PERSON | shields led a group of about 100 people from minnesota to fight the tribes ; however , by the time he arrived , the tribes had been beaten by troops under the control of judson bishop . ^ : 719-21 |
254 | job | 1 | PERSON | he successfully made it to america around 1826 , although his uncle whom he had sailed to meet had died . ^ : 712-3 shields took a job as a sailor , becoming a purser on a merchant ship . |
255 | joseph lane | 1 | PERSON | however , he declined the position and joseph lane was nominated and became the first governor of the new territory . ^ : 6-7 , 10 shields declined the governorship to run for the senate from illinois . |
256 | levi davis | 1 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
257 | second seminole war | 1 | EVENT | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
258 | hospital | 1 | PLACE | however , after a time , an accident left shields disabled , and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months . ^ : 713 after the accident , he volunteered and fought in the second seminole war , reaching the rank of lieutenant . |
259 | controversy | 1 | UNKNOWN | at the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . |
260 | cavalry broadsword | 1 | PERSON | lincoln , as the one challenged , chose the weapons for the duel , and selected the cavalry broadsword , as shields was an excellent marksman , and because lincoln stood 6 feet 4 inches ( 1.93 m ) to shields ' 5 feet 9 inches ( 1.75 m ) . ^ : 114-5 |
261 | manuscript | 1 | COLLECTION | according to the foreword by shields , ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed , so that shields might publish it , and use the proceeds to benefit ford 's then orphaned children . |
262 | office january | 1 | PERIOD | in office january 27 , 1879 - march 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong succeeded by george graham vest united states senator from minnesota |
263 | aunt becca | 1 | PERSON | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
264 | newspaper | 1 | QUANTITY | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
265 | paper money | 1 | MONEY | at the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . |
266 | railroad commissioner | 1 | PERSON | in 1863 , shields moved to san francisco , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner , and then to the mississippi valley , and to wisconsin . |
267 | publications | 1 | ACT | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
268 | term | 1 | TERM | his term was relatively unremarkable , and he soon resigned to become commissioner of the u.s. general land office . |
269 | ballad | 1 | SOUND | derek warfield wrote a song named the ballad of general shields about him . |
270 | abraham lincoln shields | 1 | PERSON | this was done , at times , through practices that proved unpopular . ^ : 45 duel with abraham lincoln shields almost fought a duel on september 22 , 1842 , with abraham lincoln , then a young lawyer in springfield , illinois . |
271 | new york | 1 | PLACE | after his death , mary shields remained in carrollton , with their daughter and two sons , until eventually moving to new york to live with their son daniel . ^ : 728-9 |
272 | foot | 1 | FOOT | shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the battle of chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 |
273 | morton s. wilkinson united states shadow senator | 1 | PERSON | succeeded by morton s. wilkinson united states shadow senator from the minnesota territory |
274 | civil war photograph | 1 | PERSON | american civil war photograph by mathew brady c. 1861-1865 |
275 | newspapers | 1 | QUANTITY | dedicated on november 12 , 1910 , newspapers reported " hundreds of visitors from several states " that were present at the unveiling . |
276 | horse | 1 | HORSE | shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the battle of chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 |
277 | visitors | 1 | PERSON | dedicated on november 12 , 1910 , newspapers reported " hundreds of visitors from several states " that were present at the unveiling . |
278 | states south carolina | 1 | PLACE | he was brevetted to major general , and received two honorary swords from the states south carolina and illinois . ^ : 716-7 ^ : 606 |
279 | david h. armstrong | 1 | PERSON | in office january 27 , 1879 - march 3 , 1879 preceded by david h. armstrong succeeded by george graham vest united states senator from minnesota |
280 | chapultepec | 1 | PLACE | shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the battle of chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 |
281 | clumsy | 1 | PERSON | his command that day was criticized as clumsy by some , ^ : 606 and praised as skillful by others . ^ : 75 |
282 | spirit lake | 1 | PERSON | in 1857 , native americans massacred settlers in spirit lake , iowa . |
283 | benjamin butler | 1 | PERSON | a member of congress , benjamin butler , proposed him as doorkeeper of the united states house of representatives in 1876 , but shields , viewing it as an indignity , declined . |
284 | knowledge | 1 | PERSON | lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , mary todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend julia jayne , continued writing to the paper without lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca " as she was , denounced shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : |
285 | pseudonym | 1 | NAME | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
286 | immigrants | 1 | PERSON | while at the land office , shields spent much effort boring , testing , surveying and examining land in iowa , as he planned to establish a colony for irish immigrants there . |
287 | commission | 1 | INSTANCE | shields resigned his commission shortly thereafter . |
288 | differences | 1 | RESULT | others have them resolving their differences without incident , whether through threats on the part of lincoln , or through apology and explanation from him . |
289 | relationship | 1 | RELATIONSHIP | shields declined owing to a poor relationship with secretary of war edwin stanton . ^ : 721-724 |
290 | threats | 1 | PERSON | others have them resolving their differences without incident , whether through threats on the part of lincoln , or through apology and explanation from him . |
291 | le sueur counties | 1 | LAND | he arranged for irish immigrants to move from the east coast to minnesota , settling in rice and le sueur counties . |
292 | left shields | 1 | PERSON | however , after a time , an accident left shields disabled , and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months . ^ : 713 after the accident , he volunteered and fought in the second seminole war , reaching the rank of lieutenant . |
293 | unveiling | 1 | ACT | dedicated on november 12 , 1910 , newspapers reported " hundreds of visitors from several states " that were present at the unveiling . |
294 | wisconsin | 1 | PLACE | in 1863 , shields moved to san francisco , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner , and then to the mississippi valley , and to wisconsin . |
295 | united kingdom | 1 | PLACE | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
296 | major general winfield scott | 1 | PERSON | he served under zachary taylor , then also a brigadier general , and later under brigadier general john e. wool and major general winfield scott . ^ : 606 |
297 | party | 1 | FORCE | ottumwa , iowa , u.s. political party democratic education university of glasgow ( ba ) |
298 | challenge | 1 | EVENT | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
299 | veteran | 1 | PERSON | he was educated in military science , fencing , and the french language by a veteran of the napoleonic wars , of which there were many in ireland at the time . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 |
300 | rice | 1 | PERSON | he arranged for irish immigrants to move from the east coast to minnesota , settling in rice and le sueur counties . |
301 | front | 1 | RANK | a statue of shields stands in front of the carroll county courthouse in carrollton , missouri . |
302 | missouri statue | 1 | PERSON | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
303 | death years | 1 | PERIOD |  |
304 | illinois daguerreotype | 1 | PLACE | senator from illinois daguerreotype of shields c. 1849-1855 |
305 | nineteenth infantry | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
306 | railroads | 1 | EVENT | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
307 | distinction | 1 | SOUND | he served with distinction and was twice wounded . |
308 | end | 1 | UNKNOWN | shields was not a wealthy man in later life , ^ : 725 and upon his death the most valuable possessions he had to leave his family were his ceremonial swords , given to him following the end of the mexican-american war . ^ : 717 |
309 | explanation | 1 | ACT | others have them resolving their differences without incident , whether through threats on the part of lincoln , or through apology and explanation from him . |
310 | widows | 1 | PERSON | all the galls about town were there , and all the handsome widows , and married women , finickin about , trying to look like galls , tied as tight in the middle , and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that had n't been stacked yet , wanted stackin pretty bad ... |
311 | finances | 1 | COGNITIVE STATE | as auditor , shields was involved in correcting the state 's finances following the panic of 1837 . |
312 | seat left | 1 | PERSON | in 1879 , he was elected to fill the seat left vacant by the death of senator lewis v. |
313 | maynooth college | 1 | INSTITUTION | shields obtained early schooling at a hedge school near his home , later at a school run by a clergyman from maynooth college , and subsequently his uncle . |
314 | soldiers | 1 | UNKNOWN | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
315 | father | 1 | PERSON | as his father died when shields was six , his uncle , also named james shields and also born in ireland , played a large role in his life . ^ : 711-2 |
316 | bloody island | 1 | PLACE | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
317 | re election bid | 1 | PERSON |  |
318 | guards | 1 | PERSON | in 1854 , a military company in chicago was named " the shields guards " in his honor . |
319 | commencement | 1 | ACTION | shields published the 1854 book , a history of illinois , from its commencement as a state in 1818 to 1847 , originally written by illinois governor thomas ford . |
320 | minnesota territory | 1 | PLACE | succeeded by morton s. wilkinson united states shadow senator from the minnesota territory |
321 | americans | 1 | UNKNOWN | in 1857 , native americans massacred settlers in spirit lake , iowa . |
322 | united states constitution | 1 | PLACE | he won , but the election was voided by on the grounds that he had not been a u.s. citizen for the nine years required by the united states constitution ; having been naturalized october 21 , 1840 , and elected on january 13 , 1849 . |
323 | liar | 1 | PERSON | lincoln 's future wife and then fiancée , mary todd , helped to revise the letter , and she and a close friend julia jayne , continued writing to the paper without lincoln 's knowledge . ^ : 714 ^ : 113-5 " rebecca " as she was , denounced shields in the paper as a " fool as well as a liar , " and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women : |
324 | service | 1 | INSTITUTION | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
325 | possessions | 1 | STATE | shields was not a wealthy man in later life , ^ : 725 and upon his death the most valuable possessions he had to leave his family were his ceremonial swords , given to him following the end of the mexican-american war . ^ : 717 |
326 | apology | 1 | LANGUAGE | others have them resolving their differences without incident , whether through threats on the part of lincoln , or through apology and explanation from him . |
327 | statehood | 1 | CONDITION | when minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 , and the legislature convened in december , shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for u.s. senator along with henry mower rice . |
328 | proceeds | 1 | UNKNOWN | according to the foreword by shields , ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed , so that shields might publish it , and use the proceeds to benefit ford 's then orphaned children . |
329 | rank | 1 | RANK | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
330 | book | 1 | ENTITY | shields published the 1854 book , a history of illinois , from its commencement as a state in 1818 to 1847 , originally written by illinois governor thomas ford . |
331 | parents | 1 | PERSON | shields was born in altmore , county tyrone , ireland , to parents , charles shiells/o`shiells/shields and anne mcdonnell , the first of three children . |
332 | arm | 1 | LANGUAGE | shields was again wounded , receiving a fractured arm in the battle of chapultepec , after his horse was shot out from underneath him , and he continued fighting on foot , and leading his troops with sword . ^ : 716 ^ : 606 |
333 | loss | 1 | PERSON | he was paying his money to this one and that one and tother one , and sufferin great loss because it wasn ' silver instead of state paper ... " dear girls , it is distressing , but i cannot marry you all . |
334 | homestead act | 1 | ACT | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
335 | tampico | 1 | PLACE | in february 1847 , when tampico was abandoned , his men assumed control of the city . |
336 | stonewall jackson | 1 | PERSON | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
337 | use | 1 | USE | at the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . |
338 | napoleonic wars | 1 | EVENT | he was educated in military science , fencing , and the french language by a veteran of the napoleonic wars , of which there were many in ireland at the time . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 |
339 | legislature | 1 | BODY | when minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 , and the legislature convened in december , shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for u.s. senator along with henry mower rice . |
340 | lawyer | 1 | PERSON | this was done , at times , through practices that proved unpopular . ^ : 45 duel with abraham lincoln shields almost fought a duel on september 22 , 1842 , with abraham lincoln , then a young lawyer in springfield , illinois . |
341 | bronze statue | 1 | PERSON | a bronze statue of shields was given by the state of illinois in 1893 , to the u.s. capitol , and represents the state in the national statuary hall . |
342 | money | 1 | MONEY | at the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . |
343 | san francisco | 1 | PLACE | in 1863 , shields moved to san francisco , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner , and then to the mississippi valley , and to wisconsin . |
344 | lieutenant | 1 | PERSON | however , after a time , an accident left shields disabled , and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months . ^ : 713 after the accident , he volunteered and fought in the second seminole war , reaching the rank of lieutenant . |
345 | u.s. united states general land office | 1 | PLACE | in 1845 , shields was appointed to the illinois supreme court , from which he resigned to become commissioner of the u.s. united states general land office . |
346 | target | 1 | PERSON | the illinois state bank had been forced to close , and shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the whig party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . |
347 | office april | 1 | PERIOD | breese succeeded by himself commissioner of the general land office in office april 16 , 1845 - january 5 , 1847 president james k . |
348 | role | 1 | ROLE | as his father died when shields was six , his uncle , also named james shields and also born in ireland , played a large role in his life . ^ : 711-2 |
349 | doorkeeper | 1 | UNKNOWN | a member of congress , benjamin butler , proposed him as doorkeeper of the united states house of representatives in 1876 , but shields , viewing it as an indignity , declined . |
350 | science | 1 | STUDY | he was educated in military science , fencing , and the french language by a veteran of the napoleonic wars , of which there were many in ireland at the time . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 |
351 | members | 1 | PERSON | the illinois state bank had been forced to close , and shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the whig party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . |
352 | articles | 1 | ARTICLE | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
353 | indignity | 1 | STATE | a member of congress , benjamin butler , proposed him as doorkeeper of the united states house of representatives in 1876 , but shields , viewing it as an indignity , declined . |
354 | democratic party | 1 | PLACE | a member of the democratic party , shields represented illinois from 1849 to 1855 , in the 31st , 32nd , and 33rd congresses , minnesota from 1858 to 1859 , in the 35th congress , and missouri in 1879 , in the 45th congress . |
355 | compromise candidate | 1 | AMOUNT | when minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 , and the legislature convened in december , shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for u.s. senator along with henry mower rice . |
356 | survivors | 1 | PERSON | shields attempted to emigrate to the united states in 1822 , but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of scotland , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors . |
357 | editor | 1 | PERSON | the publications caused " intense excitement " in springfield , and shields , taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed , demanded satisfaction , as well as the true identity of the author , then known only to the editor of the paper . |
358 | retraction | 1 | ACT | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
359 | territory | 1 | PLACE | succeeded by morton s. wilkinson united states shadow senator from the minnesota territory |
360 | involvement | 1 | ACT | in 1866 he settled in carrollton , missouri , which remained his home , and where he tended to his farm , lectured , and continued public involvement until his death 13 years later . ^ : 724-5 |
361 | land grants | 1 | PERSON | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
362 | son daniel | 1 | PERSON | after his death , mary shields remained in carrollton , with their daughter and two sons , until eventually moving to new york to live with their son daniel . ^ : 728-9 |
363 | illinois volunteer infantry regiment | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | the guards would come to make up companies i and k in the 23rd illinois volunteer infantry regiment . |
364 | sangamo journal | 1 | QUANTITY | lincoln had published an inflammatory letter in a local newspaper , the sangamo journal , that attacked shields , impersonating a local farmer , and taking the pseudonym of aunt becca , or simply rebecca . |
365 | president polk | 1 | PERSON | following the war , on august 14 , 1848 , he was nominated by president polk , and confirmed by the united states senate to serve as governor of oregon territory , which had been created that same day . |
366 | henry mower rice | 1 | PERSON | when minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 , and the legislature convened in december , shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for u.s. senator along with henry mower rice . |
367 | responsibility | 1 | RESPONSIBILITY | lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge . ^ : 714 shields confronted lincoln , demanded a full retraction , and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds , ^ : 714 ^ : 115 and meeting on an island located between missouri and illinois called bloody island to participate in a duel . |
368 | lecture tour | 1 | ACT | shields died unexpectedly in ottumwa , iowa , on june 1 , 1879 , while on a lecture tour , after reportedly complaining of chest pains . ^ : 329 |
369 | salary | 1 | AMOUNT | the result was disputed , and congress awarded a year 's salary to shields . |
370 | elections | 1 | PERSON | the illinois state bank had been forced to close , and shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the whig party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . |
371 | william lee d. ewing personal details born | 1 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
372 | shenandoah | 1 | PERSON | he commanded the 2nd division of the v corps , army of the potomac ( subsequently part of the army of the shenandoah ) , during the valley campaign of 1862 . ^ : 721-4 ^ : 120 shields was wounded at the battle of kernstown on march 22 , 1862 , but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of general thomas j. " stonewall " jackson during the campaign ( or the war ) . |
373 | california | 1 | PLACE | shields then moved to california , and married mary carr in 1861 . |
374 | united states | 1 | PLACE | james shields united states senator from missouri |
375 | sidney | 1 | PLACE | march 15 , 1849 preceded by sidney |
376 | colony | 1 | PLACE | while at the land office , shields spent much effort boring , testing , surveying and examining land in iowa , as he planned to establish a colony for irish immigrants there . |
377 | cerro gordo | 1 | PERSON | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
378 | illinois state bank | 1 | PLACE | the illinois state bank had been forced to close , and shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the whig party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . |
379 | train | 1 | TRAIN | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
380 | resentment | 1 | PERSON | the illinois state bank had been forced to close , and shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the whig party , and more so given the upcoming 1842 elections . |
381 | conclusion | 1 | CONCLUSION | he remained on the field until the conclusion of the battle , ^ : 716-7 but was then forced to spend several months recuperating , where he remained until after the final battles of the war . ^ : 606 |
382 | hedge school | 1 | INSTITUTION | shields obtained early schooling at a hedge school near his home , later at a school run by a clergyman from maynooth college , and subsequently his uncle . |
383 | county tyrone | 1 | PLACE | shields was born in altmore , county tyrone , ireland , to parents , charles shiells/o`shiells/shields and anne mcdonnell , the first of three children . |
384 | r. w. english | 1 | EVENT | hardin and r. w. english intervening and convincing the two to cease hostilities . |
385 | grapeshot | 1 | UNKNOWN | he commanded the 3rd brigade , volunteer division , at the battles of vera cruz and cerro gordo , where he was severely wounded by grapeshot , and spent nine weeks recuperating . |
386 | office december | 1 | PERIOD | in office december 19 , 1857 - may 11 , 1858 preceded by seat established succeeded by himself ( u.s. |
387 | craig rifles | 1 | PERSON | his body was transferred to carrollton , missouri by train , ^ : 121-2 where a funeral was held at the local catholic church , and his body escorted to st . mary 's cemetery by two companies of the nineteenth infantry , the craig rifles , and a twenty-piece brass band . ^ : 330-1 his grave remained unmarked for 30 years , until the local government and the u.s. congress funded a granite and bronze monument there in his honor . ^ : 729 |
388 | state railroad commissioner | 1 | PLACE | in 1863 , shields moved to san francisco , where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner , and then to the mississippi valley , and to wisconsin . |
389 | colleges | 1 | INSTITUTION | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
390 | stonewall | 1 | PERSON | he served in the american civil war , and at the battle of kernstown , his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of stonewall jackson in the war . |
391 | office governor thomas carlin thomas ford | 1 | PERSON |  |
392 | city | 1 | PLACE | in february 1847 , when tampico was abandoned , his men assumed control of the city . |
393 | mary carr | 1 | PERSON | shields then moved to california , and married mary carr in 1861 . |
394 | united states house | 1 | PLACE | a member of congress , benjamin butler , proposed him as doorkeeper of the united states house of representatives in 1876 , but shields , viewing it as an indignity , declined . |
395 | foreword | 1 | RANK | according to the foreword by shields , ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed , so that shields might publish it , and use the proceeds to benefit ford 's then orphaned children . |
396 | thomas h. blake | 1 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
397 | debts | 1 | MONEY | at the time , there was great controversy over the use of paper money , or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts . |
398 | aground | 1 | UNKNOWN | shields attempted to emigrate to the united states in 1822 , but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of scotland , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors . |
399 | income | 1 | MONEY | eventually , shields settled in kaskaskia , randolph county , illinois , where he studied and began practicing law in 1832 , supplementing his income by teaching french . ^ : 712-3 ^ : 26 |
400 | prisoners | 1 | PERSON | he required reinforcements to overcome strong enemy resistance , but his brigade took over 800 prisoners . ^ : 606 |
401 | language | 1 | LANGUAGE | he was educated in military science , fencing , and the french language by a veteran of the napoleonic wars , of which there were many in ireland at the time . ^ : 712 ^ : 26 |
402 | contreras | 1 | PERSON | he returned to fight in a single day , at both the battles of contreras and churubusco . |
403 | brigadier general john e. wool | 1 | PERSON | he served under zachary taylor , then also a brigadier general , and later under brigadier general john e. wool and major general winfield scott . ^ : 606 |
404 | november | 1 | PERIOD | dedicated on november 12 , 1910 , newspapers reported " hundreds of visitors from several states " that were present at the unveiling . |
405 | u.s. history | 1 | UNIT | signature military service allegiance united states branch/service united states army union army years of service 1832 1835-1842 1846-1848 1861-1862 rank brigadier general battles/wars second seminole war mexican-american war american civil war james shields ( may 10 , 1806 - june 1 , 1879 ) was an irish american politician and united states army officer , who is the only person in u.s. history to serve as a senator for three different states , and one of only two to represent multiple states in the u.s. |
406 | polk | 1 | PERSON | polk preceded by thomas h. blake succeeded by richard m. young auditor of illinois in office 1841-1843 governor thomas carlin thomas ford preceded by levi davis succeeded by william lee d. ewing personal details born ( 1806-05-10 ) may 10 , 1806 altmore , ireland , united kingdom |
407 | minnesota state capitol | 1 | PLACE | senator from missouri statue of shields at the minnesota state capitol statue of shields in the minnesota state capitol , 2008 statue of shields in the united states capitol statue of shields in the united states capitol , 2011 |
408 | reinforcements | 1 | GROUP | he required reinforcements to overcome strong enemy resistance , but his brigade took over 800 prisoners . ^ : 606 |
409 | leonard volk | 1 | PERSON | the statue was sculpted by leonard volk , and dedicated in december 1893 . |
410 | mary shields | 1 | PERSON | after his death , mary shields remained in carrollton , with their daughter and two sons , until eventually moving to new york to live with their son daniel . ^ : 728-9 |
411 | slavery | 1 | UNIT | as senator , he opposed slavery , and supported land grants to agricultural colleges , to railroads , to soldiers , and to settlers under a homestead act . ^ : 717 |
412 | settlement | 1 | GROUP | shields himself founded shieldsville , minnesota , and was also involved in the early settlement of faribault , minnesota . |
413 | glasgow | 1 | INSTITUTION | ottumwa , iowa , u.s. political party democratic education university of glasgow ( ba ) |
414 | secretary | 1 | PERSON | shields declined owing to a poor relationship with secretary of war edwin stanton . ^ : 721-724 |
415 | purser | 1 | PERSON | he successfully made it to america around 1826 , although his uncle whom he had sailed to meet had died . ^ : 712-3 shields took a job as a sailor , becoming a purser on a merchant ship . |
416 | coast | 1 | PERSON | shields attempted to emigrate to the united states in 1822 , but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of scotland , leaving him one of only either three or four survivors . |

## Objects sorted by category

Categoría | Objetos
PERSON | abraham lincoln abraham lincoln shields aid anne mcdonnell aunt becca author battle battles benjamin butler brigadier general brigadier general john e. wool bronze monument bronze statue campaign career shields carroll county courthouse catholic church cavalry broadsword cerro gordo charles shiells/o`shiells/shields children churubusco civil war photograph clumsy coast commissioner companies congress contreras craig rifles daughter david h. armstrong derek warfield duel east coast editor election elections enemy resistance farm farmer father fever stricken southern us ford frederick w. lander friend julia jayne friends general general shields george graham vest united states senator girls governor granite guards henry mower rice honor identity illinois governor thomas ford illinois supreme court immigrants irish immigrants jackson james shields james shields united states senator job john j. hardin joseph lane judson bishop knowledge land grants law lawyer left shields legacy shields legs leonard volk levi davis liar lieutenant lincoln loss lyman trumbull major general winfield scott man marksman mary mary carr mary shields mary todd mathew brady member members men mining venture mississippi valley missouri missouri statue monument morton s. wilkinson morton s. wilkinson united states shadow senator nineteenth infantry office governor thomas carlin thomas ford order paper parents person politician polk president james k president polk prisoners professor purser railroad commissioner re election re election bid rebecca resentment rice richard m. young auditor sailor saint paul satisfaction seat left secretary senate senator senator lewis v. bogy settlers shadow senator shenandoah shields shields guards son daniel sons spirit lake statue stephen a. douglas stonewall stonewall jackson straws survivors sword target thomas h. blake threats tribes trumbull twenty piece brass band u.s. citizen u.s. congress u.s. senator uncle valley campaign veteran visitors volunteers war edwin stanton widows wife william lee d. ewing personal details born women younger shields zachary taylor
PLACE | altmore america bloody island california cemetery chapultepec chicago city colony county tyrone democratic party french general land office home hospital illinois illinois daguerreotype illinois house illinois state bank iowa ireland island kernstown land office mexico middle minnesota minnesota state capitol minnesota state capitol statue minnesota territory missouri state house national statuary hall new york ohio oregon territory potomac quebec randolph county san francisco scotland sidney springfield state auditor state capitol state paper state railroad commission state railroad commissioner states states south carolina tampico territory town u.s. general land office u.s. united states general land office united kingdom united states united states army officer united states capitol united states capitol statue united states constitution united states house united states senate united states senator v corps vera cruz wisconsin
PERIOD | august day death years december february january july june march may months november october office april office december office january office march office may seconds september time weeks year years
EVENT | american civil war challenge death gold incident life mexican american war napoleonic wars peace r. w. english railroads second seminole war u.s. capitol war
ACT | appointment defeat disambiguation explanation homestead act involvement lecture tour panic promotion publications retraction return unveiling
INSTITUTION | colleges company glasgow hedge school maynooth college party democratic education university school service
HUMAN GROUP | army family illinois volunteer infantry regiment people troops
COLLECTION | accounts law practice manuscript practices
MONEY | debts income money paper money
FORCE | brigade effort party whig party
UNIT | feet inches history slavery u.s. history
LAND | field land lands le sueur counties
STATE | excitement indignity possessions state
AMOUNT | ballots compromise candidate grounds salary
RESULT | differences grave result
QUANTITY | newspaper newspapers sangamo journal
GROUP | group reinforcements settlement
RANK | foreword front rank
LANGUAGE | apology arm language
ABSTRACT ENTITY | hostilities straw way runoff
OCCURRENCE | accident outbreak
SPEECH ACT | letter letters
CONDITION | chest pains statehood
DEVICE | clergyman congressman
INSTANCE | commission galls
BODY | body legislature
ESTATE | division volunteer division
ACTION | commencement funeral
SOUND | ballad distinction
RESOURCE | swords
ARTWORK | song
RESPONSIBILITY | responsibility
PORTION | offense
SMELL | smell
ARTICLE | articles
SERIES | series
SHIP | ship
GOVERNMENT | government
PROPERTY | seat
FOOT | foot
TRAIN | train
SET | control
NUMBER | fodder
HORSE | horse
SPACE | bundles
POSITION | position
USE | use
COGNITIVE STATE | finances
ROLE | role
STUDY | science
CONCLUSION | conclusion
TERM | term
COMMAND | command
NAME | pseudonym
ACTIVITY | work
WEAPON | weapons
RELATIONSHIP | relationship
ENTITY | book