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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " Lord Aberdeen " and " The Earl of Aberdeen " redirect here . For other holders of the title , see Earl of Aberdeen . The Right Honourable The Earl of Aberdeen KG KT PC FRS FRSE FSA Scot Lord Aberdeen in July 1860 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom In office 19 December 1852 - 30 January 1855 Monarch Victoria Preceded by The Earl of Derby Succeeded by The Viscount Palmerston Foreign Secretary In office 2 September 1841 - 6 July 1846 Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel Preceded by The Viscount Palmerston Succeeded by The Viscount Palmerston In office 2 June 1828 - 22 November 1830 Prime Minister The Duke of Wellington Preceded by The Earl of Dudley Succeeded by The Viscount Palmerston Secretary of State for War and the Colonies In office 20 December 1834 - 8 April 1835 Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel Preceded by Thomas Spring Rice Succeeded by The Lord Glenelg Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster In office 26 January 1828 - 2 June 1828 Prime Minister The Duke of Wellington Preceded by The Lord Bexley Succeeded by Charles Arbuthnot Personal details Born George Gordon ( 1784-01-28) 28 January 1784 Edinburgh , Midlothian , Scotland , Great Britain Died 14 December 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) St James 's , Middlesex , England , United Kingdom Resting place St John the Evangelist , Great Stanmore Political party Peelite ( 1846-1859 ) Other political affiliations Liberal ( 1859-1860 ) Conservative ( 1834-1846 ) Tory ( before 1834 ) Spouses * Lady Catherine Hamilton ​ ​ ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ * Harriet Douglas ​ ​ ( m. 1815 ; died 1833 )​ Children 9 , including George Parent(s ) George Gordon , Lord Haddo Charlotte Baird Alma mater St John 's College , Cambridge Signature George Hamilton-Gordon , 4th Earl of Aberdeen ( 28 January 1784 - 14 December 1860 ) , styled Lord Haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a British statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a Tory , Conservative and Peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . He served as Prime Minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the Whigs and Peelites , with Radical and Irish support . The Aberdeen ministry was filled with powerful and talented politicians , whom Aberdeen was largely unable to control and direct . Despite his efforts to avoid this happening , his ministry took Britain into the Crimean War , and fell when the war 's conduct became unpopular . Subsequently , Aberdeen retired from politics . Born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in Scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . His daughters died young , and his relations with his sons were difficult . He travelled extensively in Europe , including Greece , and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology . Aberdeen inherited and subsequently modernized his father 's Scottish estates . After 1812 he became a diplomat , and in 1813 , at age 29 , was given the critically important embassy to Vienna , where he organised and financed the sixth coalition that defeated Napoleon . His rise in politics was equally rapid and lucky , and " two accidents — Canning 's death and Wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the Canningite resignations " led to his becoming Foreign Secretary for Prime Minister Wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . After holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as Foreign Secretary again under Robert Peel for a longer term . His diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against Napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-Napoleonic France , settling the old border dispute between Canada and the United States , and ending the First Opium War with China in 1842 , whereby Hong Kong was obtained . Aberdeen was a poor speaker , but this scarcely mattered in the House of Lords . He exhibited a " dour , awkward , occasionally sarcastic exterior " . His friend William Ewart Gladstone , said of him that he was " the man in public life of all others whom I have loved . I say emphatically loved . I have loved others , but never like him " . Early life Born in Edinburgh on 28 January 1784 , he was the eldest son of George Gordon , Lord Haddo , son of George Gordon , 3rd Earl of Aberdeen . His mother was Charlotte , youngest daughter of William Baird of Newbyth . He lost his father on 18 October 1791 and his mother in 1795 , and he was brought up by Henry Dundas , 1st Viscount Melville , and William Pitt the Younger . He was educated at Harrow , and St John 's College , Cambridge , where he graduated with a Master of Arts in 1804 . Before this , however , he had become Earl of Aberdeen on his grandfather 's death in 1801 , and had travelled all over Europe . On his return to Britain , he founded the Society of Athenian Travellers . In 1805 , he married Lady Catherine Elizabeth , daughter of John Hamilton , 1st Marquess of Abercorn . Political and diplomatic career , 1805-1828 In December 1805 , Lord Aberdeen took his seat as a Tory Scottish representative peer in the House of Lords . In 1808 , he was created a Knight of the Thistle . Following the death of his wife from tuberculosis in 1812 he joined the Foreign Service . He was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria , and signed the Treaty of Töplitz between Britain and Austria in Vienna in October 1813 . In the company of the Austrian Emperor , Francis II , he was an observer at the decisive Coalition victory of the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 ; he had met Napoleon in his earlier travels . He became one of the central diplomatic figures in European diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the British representatives at the Congress of Châtillon in February 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the Treaty of Paris in May of that year . Aberdeen was greatly affected by the aftermath of war which he witnessed at first hand . He wrote home : The near approach of war and its effects are horrible beyond what you can conceive . The whole road from Prague to was covered with waggons full of wounded , dead , and dying . The shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what I could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . I have been quite haunted by them . Returning home he was created a peer of the United Kingdom as Viscount Gordon , of Aberdeen in the County of Aberdeen ( 1814 ) , and made a member of the Privy Council . In July 1815 , he married his former sister-in-law Harriet , daughter of John Douglas , and widow of James Hamilton , Viscount Hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . During the ensuing thirteen years Aberdeen took a less prominent part in public affairs . Political career , 1828-1852 Portrait of Lord Aberdeen by Thomas Lawrence , 1830 Lord Aberdeen c. 1847 by John Partridge Lord Aberdeen served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between January and June 1828 and subsequently as Foreign Secretary until 1830 under the Duke of Wellington . He resigned with Wellington over the Reform Bill of 1832 . He was Secretary of State for War and the Colonies in the first Peel ministry ( December 1834 - April 1835 ) , and again Foreign Secretary between 1841 and 1846 under Sir Robert Peel ( second Peel ministry ) . It was during his second stint as Foreign Secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' Little Hong Kong ' , on the south side of Hong Kong Island , named after him . It was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the US : the northeast boundary dispute by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty ( 1842 ) , and the Oregon dispute by the Oregon Treaty of 1846 . He enjoyed the trust of Queen Victoria , which was still important for a Foreign Secretary . He worked closely with Henry Bulwer , his ambassador to Madrid , to help arrange marriages for Queen Isabella and her younger sister the Infanta Luisa Fernanda . They helped stabilize Spain 's internal and external relations . He sought better relations with France , relying on his friendship with Guizot , but Britain was annoyed with France on a series of issues , especially French colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the French desire to control Belgium , disputes in the Pacific and the French intervention in Morocco . In opposition Aberdeen again followed his leader and resigned with Peel over the issue of the Corn Laws . After Peel 's death in July 1850 he became the recognised leader of the Peelites . In August 1847 , a general election of Parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 Tory/Conservative party members to Parliament . This represented 42.7 % of the seats in Parliament . The main opposition to the Tory/Conservative Party was the Whig Party , which had 292 seats . While the Peelites agreed with the Whigs on issues dealing with international trade , there were other issues on which the Peelites disagreed with the Whigs . Indeed , Lord Aberdeen 's own dislike of the Ecclesiastical Titles Assumption Bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the Whig government of Lord John Russell in that year . Additionally , 113 of the members of Parliament elected in 1847 were Free Traders . These members agreed with the Peelites on the repeal of the " Corn Laws " , but they felt that the tariffs on all consumer products should be removed . Furthermore , 36 members of Parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " Irish Brigade " , who voted with the Peelites and the Whigs for the repeal of the Corn Laws because they sought an end the Great Irish Famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in Ireland . Currently , however , the Free Traders and the Irish Brigade had disagreements with the Whigs that prevented them from joining with the Whigs to form a government . Accordingly , the Tory/Conservative Party leader the Earl of Derby was asked to form a " minority government " . Derby appointed Benjamin Disraeli as the Chancellor of the Exchequer for the minority government . The general election in July 1852 had no clear winner . When in December 1852 Disraeli submitted his budget to Parliament on behalf of the minority government , the Peelites , the Free Traders , and the Irish Brigade were all alienated by the proposed budget . Accordingly , those groups suddenly forgot their differences with the Whig Party and voted with the Whigs against the proposed budget . The vote was 286 in favour of the budget and 305 votes against the budget . Because the leadership of the minority government had made the vote on the budget vote a vote of confidence , the defeat of the Disraeli budget was a " vote of no confidence " in the minority government and meant its downfall . Lord Aberdeen was asked to form a new government ; Gladstone became his Chancellor . Prime Minister , 1852-1855 Further information : Aberdeen ministry Aberdeen in the 1850s Following the downfall of the Tory/Conservative minority government under Lord Derby in December 1852 , Lord Aberdeen formed a new government from the coalition of Free Traders , Peelites , and Whigs that had voted no confidence in the minority government . Lord Aberdeen was able to put together a coalition that held 53.8 % of the seats of Parliament . Thus Lord Aberdeen , a Peelite , became Prime Minister and headed a coalition ministry of Whigs and Peelites . Although united on international trade issues and on questions of domestic reform , his cabinet also contained Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell , who were certain to differ on questions of foreign policy . Charles Greville wrote in his Memoirs , " In the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and Sir James Graham wrote , " It is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which Aberdeen was unable to provide . During the administration , much trouble was caused by the rivalry between Palmerston and Russell , and over the course of it Palmerston managed to out-manoeuvre Russell to emerge as the Whig heir apparent . The cabinet also included a single Radical , Sir William Molesworth , but much later , when justifying to the Queen his own new appointments , Gladstone told her : " For instance , even in Ld Aberdeen 's Govt , in 52 , Sir William Molesworth had been selected , at that time , a very advanced Radical , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... He said these people generally became very moderate , when they were in office " , which she admitted had been the case . One of the foreign policy issues on which Palmerston and Russell disagreed was the type of relationship that Britain should have with France and especially France 's ruler , Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte . Bonaparte was the nephew of the famous Napoleon Bonaparte , who had become dictator and then Emperor of France from 1804 until 1814 . The younger Bonaparte had been elected to a three-year term as President of the Second Republic of France on 20 December 1848 . The Constitution of the Second Republic limited the President to a single term in office . Thus , Louis Bonaparte would be unable to succeed himself and after 20 December 1851 would no longer be president . Consequently , on 2 December 1851 , shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire , Bonaparte staged a coup against the Second Republic in France , disbanded the elected Constituent Assembly , arrested some of the Republican leaders , and declared himself Emperor Napoleon III of France . This coup upset many democrats in England as well as in France . Some British government officials felt that Louis Bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , Napoleon I . Consequently , these officials felt that any close association with Bonaparte would eventually lead Britain into another series of wars , like the wars with France and Napoleon dating from 1793 until 1815 . British relations with France had scarcely improved since 1815 . As prime minister , the Earl of Aberdeen was one of these officials who feared France and Bonaparte . However , other British government officials were beginning to worry more about the rising political dominance of the Russian Empire in eastern Europe and the corresponding decline of the Ottoman Empire . Lord Palmerston at the time of Louis Bonaparte 's 2 December 1851 coup was serving as the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in the Whig government of Prime Minister Lord John Russell . Without informing the rest of the cabinet or Queen Victoria , Palmerston had sent a private note to the French ambassador endorsing Louis Bonaparte 's coup and congratulating Louis Bonaparte himself on the coup . Queen Victoria and members of the Russell government demanded that Palmerston be dismissed as Foreign Minister . Russell requested Palmerston 's resignation and Palmerston reluctantly provided it . George Hamilton Gordon , 4th Earl of Aberdeen , c. June 1858 In February 1852 , Palmerston took revenge on Russell by voting with the Conservatives in a " no confidence " vote against the Russell government . This brought an end to the Russell Whig government and set the stage for a general election in July 1852 which eventually brought the Conservatives to power in a minority government under the Earl of Derby . Later in the year , another problem facing the Earl of Aberdeen in the formation of his own new government in December 1852 was Lord John Russell himself . Russell was the leader of the Whig Party , the largest group in the coalition government . Consequently , Lord Aberdeen , was required to appoint Russell as the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , which he had done on 29 December 1852 . However , Russell sometimes liked to use this position to speak for the whole government , as if he were the prime minister . In 1832 , Russell had been nicknamed " Finality John " because of his statement that the 1832 Reform Act had just been approved by both the House of Commons and the House of Lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in Britain . There would be no further extension of the ballot to the common people of Britain . However , as political pressure in favour of further reform had risen over the twenty years since 1832 , Russell had changed his mind . Russell had said , in January 1852 , that he intended to introduce a new reform bill into the House of Commons which would equalise the populations of the districts from which members of Parliament were elected . Probably as a result of their continuing feud , Palmerston declared himself against this Reform Bill of 1852 . As a result , support for the bill dwindled and Russell was forced to change his mind again and not introduce any Reform Bill in 1852 . In order to form the coalition government , the Earl of Aberdeen had been required to appoint both Palmerston and Russell to his cabinet . Because of the controversy surrounding Palmerston 's removal as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , Palmerston could not now be appointed Foreign Minister again so soon after his removal from that position . Accordingly , on 28 December 1852 , Aberdeen appointed Palmerston as Home Secretary and appointed Russell as Foreign Minister . The " Eastern Question " Given the differences of opinion within the Lord Aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between Britain and France under Napoleon III , it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as Louis Bonaparte , now assuming the title of Emperor Napoleon III . As Prime Minister of the Peelite/Whig coalition government , Aberdeen eventually led Britain into war on the side of the French and Ottomans against the Russian Empire . This war would eventually be called the Crimean War , but throughout the foreign policy negotiations surrounding the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire , which would continue throughout the middle and end of nineteenth century , the problem would be referred to as the " Eastern Question " . The cabinet was bitterly divided . Palmerston stirred up anti-reform feeling in Parliament and pro-war public opinion to out-maneuver Russell . The result was that the weak Aberdeen government went to war with Russia as the result of internal British political rivalries . Aberdeen accepted Russian arguments at face value because he sympathised with Russian interests against French pressure and was not in favour of the Crimean War . However , he was unable to resist the pressure that was being exerted on him by Palmerston 's faction . In the end , the Crimean War proved to be the downfall of his government . The Eastern Question flared up on 2 December 1852 , with the Napoleon 's coup against the Second Republic . As Napoleon III was forming his new imperial government , he sent an ambassador to the Ottoman Empire with instructions to assert France 's right to protect Christian sites in Jerusalem and the Holy Land . The Ottoman Empire agreed to this condition to avoid conflict or even war with France . Aberdeen , as Foreign Secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first Anglican church in Jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first European Consul in Jerusalem on Britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . Both resulted from Lord Shaftesbury 's canvassing with substantial public support . Nevertheless , Britain became increasingly worried about the situation in Turkey , and Prime Minister Aberdeen sent Lord Stratford de Redcliffe , a diplomat with vast experience in Turkey , as a special envoy to the Ottoman Empire to guard British interests . Russia protested the Turkish agreement with the French as a violation of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1778 , which ended the Russo-Turkish War ( 1768-1774 ) . Under the treaty , the Russians had been granted the exclusive right to protect the Christian sites in the Holy Land . Accordingly , on 7 May 1853 , the Russians sent Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov , one their premier statesmen , to negotiate a settlement of the issue . Prince Menshikov called the attention of the Turks to the fact that during the Russo-Turkish War , the Russians had occupied the Turkish-controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia on the north bank of the Danube River , and he reminded them that pursuant to the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca , the Russians had returned these " Danubian provinces " to Ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the Christian sites in the Holy Land . Accordingly , the Turks reversed themselves and agreed with the Russians . The French sent one of their premier ships-of-the-line , the Charlemagne , to the Black Sea as a show of force . In light of the French show of force , the Turks , again , reversed themselves and recognised the French right to protect the Christian sites . Lord Stratford de Redcliffe was advising the Ottomans during this time , and later it was alleged that he had been instrumental in persuading the Turks to reject the Russian arguments . As war became inevitable , Aberdeen wrote to Russell : The abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which I am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . My conscience upbraids me the more , because seeing , as I did from the first , all that was to be apprehended , it is possible that by a little more energy and vigour , not on the Danube , but in Downing Street , it might have been prevented . Crimean War 1853-1856 The coalition Aberdeen ministry of 1854 after a painting by Sir John Gilbert , 1855 In response this latest change of mind by the Ottomans , the Russians on 2 July 1853 occupied the Turkish satellite states of Wallachia and Moldavia , as they had during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 . Almost immediately , the Russian troops deployed along the northern banks of the Danube River , implying that they might cross the river . Aberdeen ordered the British Fleet to Constantinople and later into the Black Sea . On 23 October 1853 , the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia . A Russian naval raid on Sinope , on 30 November 1853 , resulted in the destruction of the Turkish fleet in the battle of Sinope . When Russia ignored an Anglo-French ultimatum to abandon the Danubian provinces , Britain and France declared war on Russia on 28 March 1854 . In September 1854 , British and French troops landed on the Crimean peninsula at Eupatoria , north of Sevastopol . The Allied troops then moved across the Alma River on 20 September 1854 at the battle of Alma and set siege to the fort of Sevastopol . A Russian attack on the allied supply base at Balaclava on 25 October 1854 was rebuffed . The Battle of Balaclava is noted for its famous ( or rather infamous ) Charge of the Light Brigade . On 5 November 1854 , Russian forces tried to relieve the siege at Sevastopol and defeat the Allied armies in the field in the Battle of Inkerman . However , this attempt failed . Dissatisfaction as to the course of the war grew in England . As reports returned detailing the mismanagement of the conflict , Parliament began to investigate . On 29 January 1855 , John Arthur Roebuck introduced a motion for the appointment of a select committee to enquire into the conduct of the war . This motion was carried by the large majority of 305 in favour and 148 against . Treating this as a vote of no confidence in his government , Aberdeen resigned , and retired from active politics , speaking for the last time in the House of Lords in 1858 . In visiting Windsor Castle to resign , he told the Queen : " Nothing could have been better , he said than the feeling of the members towards each other . Had it not been for the incessant attempts of Ld John Russell to keep up party differences , it must be acknowledged that the experiment of a coalition had succeeded admirably . We discussed future possibilities & agreed that nothing remained to be done , but to offer the Govt to Ld Derby,... " . The Queen continued to criticise Lord John Russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " A man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during Ld Aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . Relations with the United States British-American relations had been troublesome under Palmerston , but Aberdeen proved much more conciliatory , and worked well with Daniel Webster , the American Secretary of State who was himself an Anglophile . In 1842 , Aberdeen sent Lord Ashburton to Washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between Canada and Maine , the boundary along the Great Lakes , the Oregon boundary , the African slave trade , the Caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the Creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 solved most of the problems amicably . Thus Maine got most of the disputed land , but Canada obtained a vital , strategic strip of land connecting it to a warm water port . Aberdeen helped solve the Oregon dispute amicably in 1846 . However , as prime minister , Aberdeen had trouble with the United States . In 1854 , an American naval vessel bombarded the mosquito port of Greytown , Nicaragua in retaliation for an insult ; Britain protested . Later in 1846 , the United States announced its intention of annexing Hawaii , and Britain not only complained but sent a naval force to make the point . Negotiations for reciprocal trade agreement between the United States and Canada dragged on for eight years until a reciprocity treaty was reached in 1854 . Legacy Further information : International relations of the Great Powers ( 1814-1919 ) Aberdeen was generally successful as a hard-working diplomat , but his reputation has suffered greatly because of the lack of military success in the Crimean War and from the ridicule of enemies such as Disraeli who regarded him as weak , inefficient , and cold . Before the Crimean debacle that ended his career , Aberdeen scored numerous diplomatic triumphs , starting in 1813-14 when as ambassador to the Austrian Empire he negotiated the alliances and financing that led to the defeat of Napoleon . In Paris , he normalized relations with the newly restored Bourbon government and convinced London it could be trusted . He worked well with top European diplomats such as his friends Klemens von Metternich in Vienna and François Guizot in Paris . He brought Britain into the center of Continental diplomacy on critical issues , such as the local wars in Greece , Portugal , and Belgium . Simmering troubles on numerous issues with the United States were ended by friendly compromises . He played a central role in winning the Opium Wars against China , gaining control of Hong Kong in the process . Family Bust of Aberdeen in Westminster Abbey by Matthew Noble Lord Aberdeen married Lady Catherine Elizabeth ( 10 January 1784 - 29 February 1812 ; daughter of Lord Abercorn ) on 28 July 1805 . They had three daughters and a son , none of whom lived to be 21 : * Lady Jane Hamilton-Gordon ( 11 February 1807 - 18 August 1824 ) died aged 17 * Lady Charlotte Catherine Hamilton-Gordon ( 28 March 1808 - 24 July 1818 ) died aged 10 * Lady Alice Hamilton-Gordon ( 12 July 1809 - 21 April 1829 ) died aged 19 * Lord Haddo ( born and died 23 November 1810 ) , survived only one hour After the death of his first wife , Aberdeen remarried Harriet Douglas ( granddaughter of James Douglas , 14th Earl of Morton and Edward Lascelles , 1st Earl of Harewood ) on 8 July 1815 . They had five children : * George John James Hamilton-Gordon , 5th Earl of Aberdeen ( 28 September 1816 - 22 March 1864 ) . He married Lady Mary Baillie ( younger sister of George Baillie-Hamilton , 10th Earl of Haddington ) on 5 November 1840 . They had six children . * General Sir Alexander Hamilton-Gordon ( 11 December 1817 - 19 May 1890 ) . He married Caroline Herschel ( daughter of Sir John Herschel , 1st Baronet ) on 9 December 1852 . They had nine children . * Lady Frances Hamilton-Gordon ( 4 December 1818 - 20 April 1834 ) died aged 15 * Reverend Hon . Douglas Hamilton-Gordon ( 13 March 1824 - 6 December 1901 ) . He married Lady Ellen Douglas ( maternal first cousin ) on 15 July 1851 . * Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon ( 26 November 1829 - 30 January 1912 ) . He married Rachel Emily Shaw-Lefevre on 20 September 1865 . They had two children . The Countess of Aberdeen died in August 1833 . Lord Aberdeen died at Argyll House , St. James 's , London , on 14 December 1860 , and was buried in the family vault at Stanmore church . In 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician Ferdinand Mount used George Gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , Umbrella . Apart from his political career , Aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published An Inquiry into the Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture ( London , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin Lord Byron in his English Bards and Scotch Reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , Athenian Aberdeen . " He was appointed Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen in 1827 and was President of the Society of Antiquaries of London . Ancestry Ancestors of George Hamilton-Gordon , 4th Earl of Aberdeen 32 . Sir John Gordon , 1st Baronet , of Haddo 16 . George Gordon , 1st Earl of Aberdeen 33 . Mary Forbes 8 . William Gordon , 2nd Earl of Aberdeen 34 . George Lockhart of Tarbrax 17 . Anne Lockhart of Tarbrax 35 . Anne Lockhart of Tarbrax 4. George Gordon , 3rd Earl of Aberdeen 36 . John Murray , 1st Marquess of Atholl 18 . John Murray , 1st Duke of Atholl 37 . Lady Amelia Sophia Stanley 9 . Lady Anna Susan Murray 38 . William Hamilton , Duke of Hamilton 19 . Lady Catherine Hamilton 39 . Anne Hamilton , 3rd Duchess of Hamilton 2 . George Gordon , Lord Haddo 10 . Oswald Hanson 5. Catherine Elizabeth Hanson 11 . Mary Collett 1. George Hamilton-Gordon , 4th Earl of Aberdeen 12 . William Baird 6 . William Baird 3. Charlotte Baird 7 . Alicia Johnstone Religious interests Aberdeen 's biographer Muriel Chamberlain summarises , " Religion never came easy to him " . In his Scots landowning capacity " North of the border , he considered himself ex officio a Presbyterian " . In England " he privately considered himself an Anglican " ; as early as 1840 he told Gladstone he preferred what Aberdeen called " the sister church " and when in London worshipped at St James 's Piccadilly . He was ultimately buried in the Anglican parish church at Stanmore , Middlesex . He was a member of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his Scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the Disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the Free Church of Scotland . In the House of Lords , in 1840 and 1843 , he raised two Compromise Bills to allow presbyteries but not congregations the right of veto . The first failed to pass ( and was voted against by the General Assembly ) but the latter , raised post-schism , became law for Scotland and remained in force until patronage of Scots livings was abolished in 1874 . It was under his prime ministership that the revival of the Convocations of Canterbury and York began , though they did not obtain their potential power until 1859 . He is said in the last few months of his life , after the Crimean War , to have declined to contribute to building a church on his Scotland estates because of a sense of guilt in having " shed much blood " , citing biblically King David 's being forbidden to build the Temple in Jerusalem .

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prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] of the united kingdom [PLACE] from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] " and " the earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] " redirect here . for other holders [CONCEPT] of the title [BUILDING] , see earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] . the right honourable the earl [PERSON] of aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] [PERSON] in july [PERIOD] 1860 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] of the united kingdom [PLACE] in office [PLACE] 19 december [PERIOD] 1852 - 30 january [PERIOD] 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] succeeded by the viscount palmerston [UNKNOWN] foreign secretary [PERSON] [PERSON] in office [PLACE] 2 september [PERIOD] 1841 - 6 july [PERIOD] 1846 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] sir robert peel [PERSON] [PERSON] preceded by the viscount palmerston [UNKNOWN] succeeded by the viscount palmerston [UNKNOWN] in office [PLACE] 2 june [PERIOD] 1828 - 22 november [PERIOD] 1830 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] the duke [PERSON] of wellington [PERSON] preceded by the earl [PERSON] of dudley [PERSON] succeeded by the viscount palmerston [UNKNOWN] secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for war [EVENT] and the colonies [UNKNOWN] in office [PLACE] 20 december [PERIOD] 1834 - 8 april [PERIOD] 1835 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] sir robert peel [PERSON] [PERSON] preceded by thomas spring rice [PERSON] succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor [PERSON] of the duchy [UNKNOWN] of lancaster [PLACE] in office [PLACE] 26 january [PERIOD] 1828 - 2 june [PERIOD] 1828 prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] the duke [PERSON] of wellington [PERSON] preceded by the lord bexley [PERSON] succeeded by charles arbuthnot personal details born george gordon [PERSON] ( 1784-01-28) 28 january [PERIOD] 1784 edinburgh [PLACE] , midlothian [UNKNOWN] , scotland [PLACE] , great britain [PLACE] died 14 december [PERIOD] 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james [PERSON] 's , middlesex [PLACE] , england [PLACE] , united kingdom [PLACE] resting place st john [PERSON] the evangelist [PERSON] , great stanmore [UNKNOWN] political party peelite [UNKNOWN] ( 1846-1859 ) other political affiliations liberal [PERSON] ( 1859-1860 ) conservative [PERSON] ( 1834-1846 ) tory [PERSON] ( before 1834 ) spouses [PERSON] * lady catherine hamilton [PERSON] ​ [PERSON] ​ [PERSON] ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ [PERSON] * harriet douglas ​ [PERSON] ​ [PERSON] ( m. 1815 ; died 1833 )​ children [PERSON] 9 , including george parent(s ) george gordon [PERSON] , lord haddo [PERSON] charlotte baird alma [PERSON] mater st john [PERSON] 's college [INSTITUTION] , cambridge [PERSON] signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] ( 28 january [PERIOD] 1784 - 14 december [PERIOD] 1860 ) , styled lord haddo [PERSON] from 1791 to 1801 , was a british [UNKNOWN] statesman [PERSON] , diplomat [PERSON] and landowner [PERSON] , successively a tory [PERSON] , conservative [PERSON] and peelite [UNKNOWN] politician [PERSON] and specialist [PERSON] in foreign affairs [PERSON] . he served as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition [GROUP] between the whigs [LIQUID] and peelites [UNKNOWN] , with radical [PERSON] and irish support [ACT] . the aberdeen ministry [INSTITUTION] was filled with powerful and talented politicians [PERSON] , whom aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was largely unable to control [STATE] and direct . despite his efforts [ACTION] to avoid this happening [EVENT] , his ministry [INSTITUTION] took britain [PLACE] into the crimean war [EVENT] , and fell when the war [EVENT] 's conduct [ACT] became unpopular . subsequently , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] retired from politics [ACTION] . born into a wealthy family [HUMAN GROUP] with the largest estates [ESTATE] in scotland [PLACE] , his personal life [EVENT] was marked by the loss [ACT] of both parents [PERSON] by the time [PERIOD] he was eleven , and of his first wife [PERSON] after only seven years [PERIOD] of a happy marriage [ACT] . his daughters [PERSON] died young , and his relations [RELATION] with his sons [PERSON] were difficult . he travelled extensively in europe [PLACE] , including greece [PLACE] , and he had a serious interest [ELEMENT] in the classical civilisations [UNKNOWN] and their archaeology [STUDY] . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] inherited and subsequently modernized his father [PERSON] 's scottish estates [ESTATE] . after 1812 he became a diplomat [PERSON] , and in 1813 , at age [PROPERTY] 29 , was given the critically important embassy [FUNCTION] to vienna [PLACE] , where he organised and financed the sixth coalition [GROUP] that defeated napoleon [EVENT] . his rise in politics [ACTION] was equally rapid and lucky , and " two accidents [PERSON] — canning [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] and wellington [PERSON] 's impulsive acceptance [DOCUMENT] of the canningite resignations [EVENT] " led to his becoming foreign secretary [PERSON] for prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] wellington [PERSON] in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack [DEFICIENCY] of official experience [COGNITIVE STATE] " ; he had been a minister [HUMAN ROLE] for less than six months [PERIOD] . after holding the position [POSITION] for two years [PERIOD] , followed by another cabinet role [ROLE] , by 1841 his experience [COGNITIVE STATE] led to his appointment [DECISION] as foreign secretary [PERSON] again under robert peel [PERSON] for a longer term [TERM] . his diplomatic successes [ACT] include organizing the coalition [GROUP] against [UNKNOWN] napoleon [EVENT] in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations [RELATION] with post-napoleonic france [PLACE] , settling the old border dispute [DISPUTE] between canada [PLACE] and the united states [PLACE] , and ending the first opium war [EVENT] with china [PLACE] in 1842 , whereby hong kong [PERSON] was obtained . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was a poor speaker [CONCEPT] , but this scarcely mattered in the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] . he exhibited a " dour [PERSON] , awkward , occasionally sarcastic exterior [PERSON] " . his friend william ewart gladstone [PERSON] , said of him that he was " the man [PERSON] in public life [EVENT] of all others [UNKNOWN] whom i have loved . i say emphatically loved . i have loved others [UNKNOWN] , but never like him " . early life [EVENT] born in edinburgh [PLACE] on 28 january [PERIOD] 1784 , he was the eldest son [PERSON] of george gordon [PERSON] , lord haddo [PERSON] , son [PERSON] of george gordon [PERSON] , 3rd earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] . his mother [PERSON] was charlotte , youngest daughter [PERSON] of william baird [PERSON] of newbyth [UNKNOWN] . he lost his father [PERSON] on 18 october [PERIOD] 1791 and his mother [PERSON] in 1795 , and he was brought up by henry dundas [PERSON] , 1st viscount melville [PERSON] , and william pitt [PERSON] the younger [PERSON] . he was educated at harrow [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , and st john [PERSON] 's college [INSTITUTION] , cambridge [PERSON] , where he graduated with a master [PERSON] of arts [BALL] in 1804 . before this , however , he had become earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] on his grandfather [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] in 1801 , and had travelled all over europe [PLACE] . on his return [ABILITY] to britain [PLACE] , he founded the society [INSTITUTION] of athenian travellers [PERSON] . in 1805 , he married lady catherine elizabeth [PERSON] , daughter [PERSON] of john hamilton [PERSON] , 1st marquess [PERSON] of abercorn [PERSON] . political and diplomatic career [QUANTITY] , 1805-1828 in december [PERIOD] 1805 , lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] took his seat [EVENT] as a tory [PERSON] scottish representative peer [PERSON] in the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] . in 1808 , he was created a knight [PERSON] of the thistle [PERSON] . following the death [EVENT] of his wife [PERSON] from tuberculosis [DISEASE] in 1812 he joined the foreign service [INSTITUTION] . he was appointed ambassador extraordinary [UNKNOWN] and minister plenipotentiary [PERSON] to austria [PLACE] , and signed the treaty [ARTIFACT] of töplitz [UNKNOWN] between britain [PLACE] and austria [PLACE] in vienna [PLACE] in october [PERIOD] 1813 . in the company [INSTITUTION] of the austrian emperor [PERSON] , francis [PERSON] ii , he was an observer [PLACE] at the decisive coalition victory [PERSON] of the battle [PERSON] of leipzig [PLACE] in october [PERIOD] 1813 ; he had met napoleon [EVENT] in his earlier travels . he became one of the central diplomatic figures [FIGURE] in european diplomacy [BRANCH] at this time [PERIOD] , and he was one of the british [UNKNOWN] representatives at the congress [STATE] of châtillon [UNKNOWN] in february [PERIOD] 1814 , and at the negotiations [PROCESS] which led to the treaty [ARTIFACT] of paris [PLACE] in may [PERIOD] of that year [PERIOD] . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was greatly affected by the aftermath [PLACE] of war [EVENT] which he witnessed at first hand [PROCESS] . he wrote home [PLACE] : the near approach [ACT] of war [EVENT] and its effects [EFFECT] are horrible beyond what you can conceive . the whole road [PLACE] from prague [PLACE] to was covered with waggons [UNKNOWN] full of wounded , dead , and dying . the shock [EVENT] and disgust [PERSON] and pity [EMOTION] produced by such scenes [SET] are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes [SET] of distress [INSTANCE] and misery [CONDITION] have sunk deeper in my mind [FORM] . i have been quite haunted by them . returning home [PLACE] he was created a peer [PERSON] of the united kingdom [PLACE] as viscount gordon [PERSON] , of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] in the county [PLACE] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] ( 1814 ) , and made a member [PERSON] of the privy council [HUMAN GROUP] . in july [PERIOD] 1815 , he married his former sister-in-law harriet , daughter [PERSON] of john douglas [UNKNOWN] , and widow [PERSON] of james hamilton [PERSON] , viscount hamilton [PERSON] ; the marriage [ACT] was much less happy than his first . during the ensuing thirteen years aberdeen [INSTITUTION] took a less prominent part in public affairs [PERSON] . political career [QUANTITY] , 1828-1852 portrait [PERSON] of lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] by thomas lawrence [PERSON] , 1830 lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] c. 1847 by john partridge lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] [PERSON] served as chancellor [PERSON] of the duchy [UNKNOWN] of lancaster [PLACE] between january [PERIOD] and june [PERIOD] 1828 and subsequently as foreign secretary [PERSON] until 1830 under the duke [PERSON] of wellington [PERSON] . he resigned with wellington [PERSON] over the reform bill [PERSON] of 1832 . he was secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for war [EVENT] and the colonies [UNKNOWN] in the first peel ministry [INSTITUTION] ( december [PERIOD] 1834 - april [PERIOD] 1835 ) , and again foreign secretary [PERSON] between 1841 and 1846 under sir robert peel [PERSON] [PERSON] ( second peel ministry [INSTITUTION] ) . it was during his second stint [PERIOD] as foreign secretary [PERSON] that he had the harbor settlement [LANGUAGE] of ' little hong kong [PERSON] ' , on the south side [PLACE] of hong kong island [PLACE] , named after him . it was probably the most productive period [PERIOD] of his career [QUANTITY] ; he settled two disagreements [EVENT] with the us : the northeast boundary dispute [DISPUTE] by the webster-ashburton treaty [ARTIFACT] ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute [DISPUTE] by the oregon treaty [ARTIFACT] of 1846 . he enjoyed the trust [TRUST] of queen victoria [PERSON] , which was still important for a foreign secretary [PERSON] . he worked closely with henry bulwer [PERSON] , his ambassador [RANK] to madrid [PLACE] , to help arrange marriages [ACT] for queen isabella [PERSON] and her younger [PERSON] sister [PERSON] the infanta luisa fernanda [PERSON] . they helped stabilize spain [PLACE] 's internal and external relations [RELATION] . he sought better relations [RELATION] with france [PLACE] , relying on his friendship [RELATIONSHIP] with guizot [PERSON] , but britain [PLACE] was annoyed with france [PLACE] on a series [SERIES] of issues [QUESTION] , especially french [PLACE] colonial policies [RULE] , the right [UNKNOWN] to search slave ships [UNKNOWN] , the french [PLACE] desire [EVENT] to control [STATE] belgium [PLACE] , disputes [DISPUTE] in the pacific [PLACE] and the french [PLACE] intervention [ACTION] in morocco [PLACE] . in opposition [EVENT] aberdeen [INSTITUTION] again followed his leader [PERSON] and resigned with peel [PERSON] over the issue [QUESTION] of the corn laws [PERSON] . after peel [PERSON] 's death [EVENT] in july [PERIOD] 1850 he became the recognised leader [PERSON] of the peelites [UNKNOWN] . in august [PERIOD] 1847 , a general election [PROCESS] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] had been held which resulted in the election [PROCESS] of 325 tory/conservative party [FORCE] members [PERSON] to parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . this represented 42.7 % of the seats [EVENT] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . the main opposition [EVENT] to the tory/conservative party [FORCE] was the whig party [FORCE] , which had 292 seats [EVENT] . while the peelites [UNKNOWN] agreed with the whigs [LIQUID] on issues [QUESTION] dealing with international trade [PERSON] , there were other issues [QUESTION] on which the peelites [UNKNOWN] disagreed with the whigs [LIQUID] . indeed , lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill [PERSON] , the rejection [PERSON] of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government [GOVERNMENT] of lord john russell [PERSON] in that year [PERIOD] . additionally , 113 of the members [PERSON] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] elected in 1847 were free traders [PERSON] . these members [PERSON] agreed with the peelites [UNKNOWN] on the repeal [ACT] of the " corn laws [PERSON] " , but they felt that the tariffs [PERSON] on all consumer products [RESULT] should be removed . furthermore , 36 members [PERSON] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] elected in 1847 were members [PERSON] of the " irish brigade [PERSON] " , who voted with the peelites [UNKNOWN] and the whigs [LIQUID] for the repeal [ACT] of the corn laws [PERSON] because they sought an end [UNKNOWN] the great irish famine [PERSON] by means [UNKNOWN] of cheaper wheat [LIGHT] and bread prices [PERSON] for the poor and middle [PLACE] classes [UNKNOWN] in ireland [PLACE] . currently , however , the free traders [PERSON] and the irish brigade [PERSON] had disagreements [EVENT] with the whigs [LIQUID] that prevented them from joining with the whigs [LIQUID] to form a government [GOVERNMENT] . accordingly , the tory/conservative party leader [PERSON] the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] was asked to form a " minority government [GOVERNMENT] " . derby [PERSON] appointed benjamin disraeli [PERSON] as the chancellor [PERSON] of the exchequer [AMOUNT] for the minority government [GOVERNMENT] . the general election [PROCESS] in july [PERIOD] 1852 had no clear winner [PERSON] . when in december [PERIOD] 1852 disraeli [PERSON] submitted his budget [DOCUMENT PART] to parliament [HUMAN GROUP] on behalf [PERSON] of the minority government [GOVERNMENT] , the peelites [UNKNOWN] , the free traders [PERSON] , and the irish brigade [PERSON] were all alienated by the proposed budget [DOCUMENT PART] . accordingly , those groups [GROUP] suddenly forgot their differences [RESULT] with the whig party [FORCE] and voted with the whigs [LIQUID] against [UNKNOWN] the proposed budget [DOCUMENT PART] . the vote [EVENT] was 286 in favour [PERSON] of the budget [DOCUMENT PART] and 305 votes [EVENT] against [UNKNOWN] the budget [DOCUMENT PART] . because the leadership [PERSON] of the minority government [GOVERNMENT] had made the vote [EVENT] on the budget [DOCUMENT PART] vote [EVENT] a vote [EVENT] of confidence [EMOTION] , the defeat [ACT] of the disraeli budget [DOCUMENT PART] was a " vote [EVENT] of no confidence [EMOTION] " in the minority government [GOVERNMENT] and meant its downfall [PROCESS] . lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was asked to form a new government [GOVERNMENT] ; gladstone [PERSON] became his chancellor [PERSON] . prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , 1852-1855 further information [INFORMATION] : aberdeen ministry [INSTITUTION] aberdeen [INSTITUTION] in the 1850s following the downfall [PROCESS] of the tory/conservative minority government [GOVERNMENT] under lord derby [PERSON] in december [PERIOD] 1852 , lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] formed a new government [GOVERNMENT] from the coalition [GROUP] of free traders [PERSON] , peelites [UNKNOWN] , and whigs [LIQUID] that had voted no confidence [EMOTION] in the minority government [GOVERNMENT] . lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was able to put together a coalition [GROUP] that held 53.8 % of the seats [EVENT] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] . thus lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] , a peelite [UNKNOWN] , became prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] and headed a coalition ministry [INSTITUTION] of whigs [LIQUID] and peelites [UNKNOWN] . although united on international trade issues [QUESTION] and on questions [QUESTION] of domestic reform [PERSON] , his cabinet [EVENT] also contained lord palmerston [UNKNOWN] and lord john russell [PERSON] , who were certain to differ on questions [QUESTION] of foreign policy [RULE] . charles greville [PERSON] wrote in his memoirs [UNKNOWN] , " in the present cabinet [EVENT] are five or six first-rate men [PERSON] of equal [PERSON] , or nearly equal [PERSON] , pretensions [QUALITY] , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority [STATE] or defer [PERSON] to the opinions [AMOUNT] of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler [SPEECH ACT] and more important than their premier [EVENT] " ; and sir james graham [PERSON] wrote , " it is a powerful team [EVENT] , but it will require good driving [ACT] " , which aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was unable to provide . during the administration [ARRANGEMENT] , much trouble [STATE] was caused by the rivalry [PERSON] between palmerston [UNKNOWN] and russell [PERSON] , and over the course [PERSON] of it palmerston [UNKNOWN] managed to out-manoeuvre russell [PERSON] to emerge as the whig heir [PERSON] apparent . the cabinet [EVENT] also included a single radical [PERSON] , sir william molesworth [PERSON] , but much later , when justifying to the queen [PERSON] his own new appointments [DECISION] , gladstone [PERSON] told her : " for instance [INSTANCE] , even in ld aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 's govt [GOVERNMENT] , in 52 , sir william molesworth [PERSON] had been selected , at that time [PERIOD] , a very advanced radical [PERSON] , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... he said these people [HUMAN GROUP] generally became very moderate , when they were in office [PLACE] " , which she admitted had been the case [STUDY] . one of the foreign policy issues [QUESTION] on which palmerston [UNKNOWN] and russell [PERSON] disagreed was the type [UNKNOWN] of relationship [RELATIONSHIP] that britain [PLACE] should have with france [PLACE] and especially france [PLACE] 's ruler [PLACE] , louis-napoléon bonaparte [PERSON] . bonaparte [PERSON] was the nephew [PERSON] of the famous napoleon bonaparte [PERSON] , who had become dictator [PERSON] and then emperor [PERSON] of france [PLACE] from 1804 until 1814 . the younger [PERSON] bonaparte [PERSON] had been elected to a three-year term [TERM] as president [PERSON] of the second republic [PLACE] of france [PLACE] on 20 december [PERIOD] 1848 . the constitution [ACT] of the second republic [PLACE] limited the president [PERSON] to a single term [TERM] in office [PLACE] . thus , louis bonaparte [PERSON] would be unable to succeed himself and after 20 december [PERIOD] 1851 would no longer be president [PERSON] . consequently , on 2 december [PERIOD] 1851 , shortly before the end [UNKNOWN] of his single three-year term [TERM] in office [PLACE] was to expire , bonaparte [PERSON] staged a coup [EVENT] against [UNKNOWN] the second republic [PLACE] in france [PLACE] , disbanded the elected constituent assembly [HUMAN GROUP] , arrested some of the republican leaders [PERSON] , and declared himself emperor napoleon iii [PERSON] of france [PLACE] . this coup [EVENT] upset many democrats [UNKNOWN] in england [PLACE] as well as in france [PLACE] . some british government officials [UNKNOWN] [UNKNOWN] felt that louis bonaparte [PERSON] was seeking foreign adventure [ENTITY] in the spirit [STATE] of his uncle [RELATION] , napoleon [EVENT] i . consequently , these officials [UNKNOWN] felt that any close association [INSTITUTION] with bonaparte [PERSON] would eventually lead britain [PLACE] into another series [SERIES] of wars [EVENT] , like the wars [EVENT] with france [PLACE] and napoleon [EVENT] dating from 1793 until 1815 . british [UNKNOWN] relations [RELATION] with france [PLACE] had scarcely improved since 1815 . as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , the earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was one of these officials [UNKNOWN] who feared france [PLACE] and bonaparte [PERSON] . however , other british government officials [UNKNOWN] [UNKNOWN] were beginning to worry more about the rising political dominance [PERSON] of the russian empire [PERSON] in eastern europe [PLACE] and the corresponding decline [ACT] of the ottoman empire [STATE] . lord palmerston [UNKNOWN] at the time [PERIOD] of louis bonaparte [PERSON] 's 2 december [PERIOD] 1851 coup [EVENT] was serving as the secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for foreign affairs [PERSON] in the whig government [GOVERNMENT] of prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] lord john russell [PERSON] [PERSON] . without informing the rest [STATE] of the cabinet [EVENT] or queen victoria [PERSON] , palmerston [UNKNOWN] had sent a private note [ABILITY] to the french [PLACE] ambassador endorsing louis bonaparte [PERSON] [PERSON] 's coup [EVENT] and congratulating louis bonaparte [PERSON] himself on the coup [EVENT] . queen victoria [PERSON] and members [PERSON] of the russell government [GOVERNMENT] demanded that palmerston [UNKNOWN] be dismissed as foreign minister [HUMAN ROLE] . russell [PERSON] requested palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's resignation [EVENT] and palmerston [UNKNOWN] reluctantly provided it . george hamilton [PERSON] gordon [PERSON] , 4th earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] , c. june [PERIOD] 1858 in february [PERIOD] 1852 , palmerston [UNKNOWN] took revenge [FORM] on russell [PERSON] by voting with the conservatives [UNKNOWN] in a " no confidence [EMOTION] " vote [EVENT] against [UNKNOWN] the russell government [GOVERNMENT] . this brought an end [UNKNOWN] to the russell [PERSON] whig government [GOVERNMENT] and set the stage [STAGE] for a general election [PROCESS] in july [PERIOD] 1852 which eventually brought the conservatives [UNKNOWN] to power [POWER] in a minority government [GOVERNMENT] under the earl [PERSON] of derby [PERSON] . later in the year [PERIOD] , another problem [STATEMENT] facing the earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] in the formation [ARRANGEMENT] of his own new government [GOVERNMENT] in december [PERIOD] 1852 was lord john russell [PERSON] himself . russell [PERSON] was the leader [PERSON] of the whig party [FORCE] , the largest group [GROUP] in the coalition government [GOVERNMENT] . consequently , lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] , was required to appoint russell [PERSON] as the secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for foreign affairs [PERSON] , which he had done on 29 december [PERIOD] 1852 . however , russell [PERSON] sometimes liked to use this position [POSITION] to speak for the whole government [GOVERNMENT] , as if he were the prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] . in 1832 , russell [PERSON] had been nicknamed " finality john [PERSON] " because of his statement [STATEMENT] that the 1832 reform act [ACT] had just been approved by both the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] and the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] would be the " final " expansion [ACT] of the vote [EVENT] in britain [PLACE] . there would be no further extension [SITUATION] of the ballot [PROCESS] to the common people [HUMAN GROUP] of britain [PLACE] . however , as political pressure [OCCURRENCE] in favour [PERSON] of further reform [PERSON] had risen over the twenty years [PERIOD] since 1832 , russell [PERSON] had changed his mind [FORM] . russell [PERSON] had said , in january [PERIOD] 1852 , that he intended to introduce a new reform bill [PERSON] into the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] which would equalise the populations [PERSON] of the districts [CONCEPT] from which members [PERSON] of parliament [HUMAN GROUP] were elected . probably as a result [RESULT] of their continuing feud [PERSON] , palmerston [UNKNOWN] declared himself against [UNKNOWN] this reform bill [PERSON] of 1852 . as a result [RESULT] , support [ACT] for the bill [PERSON] dwindled and russell [PERSON] was forced to change [UNKNOWN] his mind [FORM] again and not introduce any reform bill [PERSON] in 1852 . in order [GARMENT] to form the coalition government [GOVERNMENT] , the earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] had been required to appoint both palmerston [UNKNOWN] and russell [PERSON] to his cabinet [EVENT] . because of the controversy [UNKNOWN] surrounding palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's removal [PROCESS] as secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for foreign affairs [PERSON] , palmerston [UNKNOWN] could not now be appointed foreign minister [HUMAN ROLE] again so soon after his removal [PROCESS] from that position [POSITION] . accordingly , on 28 december [PERIOD] 1852 , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] appointed palmerston [UNKNOWN] as home secretary [PERSON] and appointed russell [PERSON] as foreign minister [HUMAN ROLE] . the " eastern question [QUESTION] " given the differences [RESULT] of opinion [AMOUNT] within the lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] cabinet [EVENT] over the direction [DIRECTION] of foreign policy [RULE] with regard [EVENT] to relations [RELATION] between britain [PLACE] and france [PLACE] under napoleon iii [PERSON] , it is not surprising that debate [STATE] raged within the government [GOVERNMENT] as louis bonaparte [PERSON] , now assuming the title [BUILDING] of emperor napoleon iii [PERSON] . as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] of the peelite/whig coalition government [GOVERNMENT] [GOVERNMENT] , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] eventually led britain [PLACE] into war [EVENT] on the side [PLACE] of the french [PLACE] and ottomans [PLACE] against [UNKNOWN] the russian empire [PERSON] . this war [EVENT] would eventually be called the crimean war [EVENT] , but throughout the foreign policy negotiations [PROCESS] surrounding the dismemberment [ACT] of the ottoman empire [STATE] , which would continue throughout the middle [PLACE] and end [UNKNOWN] of nineteenth century [PERIOD] , the problem [STATEMENT] would be referred to as the " eastern question [QUESTION] " . the cabinet [EVENT] was bitterly divided . palmerston [UNKNOWN] stirred up anti-reform feeling [ACTIVITY] in parliament [HUMAN GROUP] and pro-war public opinion [AMOUNT] to out-maneuver russell [PERSON] . the result [RESULT] was that the weak aberdeen government [GOVERNMENT] went to war [EVENT] with russia [PLACE] as the result [RESULT] of internal british [UNKNOWN] political rivalries [PERSON] . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] accepted russian arguments [STATE] at face value [VALUE] because he sympathised with russian interests [ELEMENT] against [UNKNOWN] french [PLACE] pressure [OCCURRENCE] and was not in favour [PERSON] of the crimean war [EVENT] . however , he was unable to resist the pressure [OCCURRENCE] that was being exerted on him by palmerston [UNKNOWN] 's faction [GROUP] . in the end [UNKNOWN] , the crimean war [EVENT] proved to be the downfall [PROCESS] of his government [GOVERNMENT] . the eastern question [QUESTION] flared up on 2 december [PERIOD] 1852 , with the napoleon [EVENT] 's coup [EVENT] against [UNKNOWN] the second republic [PLACE] . as napoleon iii [PERSON] was forming his new imperial government [GOVERNMENT] , he sent an ambassador [RANK] to the ottoman empire [STATE] with instructions [INSTANCE] to assert france [PLACE] 's right [UNKNOWN] to protect christian sites [UNKNOWN] in jerusalem [PLACE] and the holy land [LAND] . the ottoman empire [STATE] agreed to this condition [CONDITION] to avoid conflict [EVENT] or even war [EVENT] with france [PLACE] . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] , as foreign secretary [PERSON] in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction [ABSTRACT ENTITY] of the first anglican [PERSON] church [PERSON] in jerusalem [PLACE] , following his predecessor [GROUP] 's commission [INSTANCE] in 1838 of the first european consul [PERSON] in jerusalem [PLACE] on britain [PLACE] 's behalf [PERSON] , which lead to series [SERIES] of successive appointments [DECISION] by other nations [PERSON] . both resulted from lord shaftesbury [PERSON] 's canvassing with substantial public support [ACT] . nevertheless , britain [PLACE] became increasingly worried about the situation [SITUATION] in turkey [PLACE] , and prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] aberdeen [INSTITUTION] sent lord stratford de redcliffe [PERSON] , a diplomat [PERSON] with vast experience [COGNITIVE STATE] in turkey [PLACE] , as a special envoy [STATE] to the ottoman empire [STATE] to guard british [UNKNOWN] interests [ELEMENT] . russia [PLACE] protested the turkish agreement [AGREEMENT] with the french [PLACE] as a violation [ACT] of the treaty [ARTIFACT] of küçük kaynarca [UNKNOWN] of 1778 , which ended the russo-turkish war [EVENT] ( 1768-1774 ) . under the treaty [ARTIFACT] , the russians [UNKNOWN] had been granted the exclusive right [UNKNOWN] to protect the christian sites [UNKNOWN] in the holy land [LAND] . accordingly , on 7 may [PERIOD] 1853 , the russians [UNKNOWN] sent prince alexander sergeyevich menshikov [PERSON] , one their premier [EVENT] statesmen [PERSON] , to negotiate a settlement [LANGUAGE] of the issue [QUESTION] . prince menshikov [PERSON] called the attention [ELEMENT] of the turks [PLACE] to the fact [UNKNOWN] that during the russo-turkish war [EVENT] , the russians [UNKNOWN] had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces [ENTITY] of wallachia [UNKNOWN] and moldavia [PLACE] on the north [PLACE] bank [PLACE] of the danube river [PERSON] , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty [ARTIFACT] of küçük kaynarca [UNKNOWN] , the russians [UNKNOWN] had returned these " danubian provinces [ENTITY] " to ottoman control [STATE] in exchange [RESULT] for the right [UNKNOWN] to protect the christian sites [UNKNOWN] in the holy land [LAND] . accordingly , the turks [PLACE] reversed themselves and agreed with the russians [UNKNOWN] . the french [PLACE] sent one of their premier [EVENT] ships-of-the-line , the charlemagne [PERSON] , to the black sea [PLACE] as a show [EVENT] of force [FORCE] . in light [LIGHT] of the french [PLACE] show [EVENT] of force [FORCE] , the turks [PLACE] , again , reversed themselves and recognised the french [PLACE] right [UNKNOWN] to protect the christian sites [UNKNOWN] . lord stratford de redcliffe [PERSON] was advising the ottomans [PLACE] during this time [PERIOD] , and later it was alleged that he had been instrumental in persuading the turks [PLACE] to reject the russian arguments [STATE] . as war [EVENT] became inevitable , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] wrote to russell [PERSON] : the abstract justice [PROPERTY] of the cause [CAUSE] , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation [INSTANCE] for the inevitable calamities [STATE] of all war [EVENT] , or for a decision [DECISION] which i am not without fear [EMOTION] may [PERIOD] prove to have been impolitic and unwise . my conscience [EVENT] upbraids me the more , because seeing , as i did from the first , all that was to be apprehended , it is possible that by a little more energy [ENERGY] and vigour [PERSON] , not on the danube [PERSON] , but in downing street [PLACE] , it might have been prevented . crimean war [EVENT] 1853-1856 the coalition aberdeen ministry [INSTITUTION] [INSTITUTION] of 1854 after a painting [ABSTRACT ENTITY] by sir john gilbert [PERSON] , 1855 in response [ACT] this latest change [UNKNOWN] of mind [FORM] by the ottomans [PLACE] , the russians [UNKNOWN] on 2 july [PERIOD] 1853 occupied the turkish satellite states [PLACE] of wallachia [UNKNOWN] and moldavia [PLACE] , as they had during the russo-turkish war [EVENT] of 1768-1774 . almost immediately , the russian troops [HUMAN GROUP] deployed along the northern banks [PLACE] of the danube river [PERSON] , implying that they might cross the river [PERSON] . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] ordered the british fleet [PERSON] to constantinople [UNKNOWN] and later into the black sea [PLACE] . on 23 october [PERIOD] 1853 , the ottoman empire [STATE] declared war [EVENT] on russia [PLACE] . a russian naval [PERSON] raid on sinope [PLACE] , on 30 november [PERIOD] 1853 , resulted in the destruction [RESULT] of the turkish fleet [PERSON] in the battle [PERSON] of sinope [PLACE] . when russia [PLACE] ignored an anglo-french ultimatum [EVENT] to abandon the danubian provinces [ENTITY] , britain [PLACE] and france [PLACE] declared war [EVENT] on russia [PLACE] on 28 march [PERIOD] 1854 . in september [PERIOD] 1854 , british [UNKNOWN] and french troops [HUMAN GROUP] landed on the crimean peninsula [UNKNOWN] at eupatoria [PLACE] , north [PLACE] of sevastopol [UNKNOWN] . the allied troops [HUMAN GROUP] then moved across the alma river [PERSON] on 20 september [PERIOD] 1854 at the battle [PERSON] of alma [PERSON] and set siege [PROPERTY] to the fort [PLACE] of sevastopol [UNKNOWN] . a russian attack [EVENT] on the allied supply base [ABSTRACT ENTITY] at balaclava [ABSTRACT ENTITY] on 25 october [PERIOD] 1854 was rebuffed . the battle [PERSON] of balaclava [ABSTRACT ENTITY] is noted for its famous ( or rather infamous ) charge of the light brigade [USE] . on 5 november [PERIOD] 1854 , russian forces [FORCE] tried to relieve the siege [PROPERTY] at sevastopol [UNKNOWN] and defeat [ACT] the allied armies [FORCE] in the field [LAND] in the battle [PERSON] of inkerman [UNKNOWN] . however , this attempt [ACTION] failed . dissatisfaction [CAUSE] as to the course [PERSON] of the war [EVENT] grew in england [PLACE] . as reports [PERSON] returned detailing the mismanagement [PROCESS] of the conflict [EVENT] , parliament [HUMAN GROUP] began to investigate . on 29 january [PERIOD] 1855 , john arthur roebuck [PERSON] introduced a motion [ACTION] for the appointment [DECISION] of a select committee [HUMAN GROUP] to enquire into the conduct [ACT] of the war [EVENT] . this motion [ACTION] was carried by the large majority [PROPERTY] of 305 in favour [PERSON] and 148 against [UNKNOWN] . treating this as a vote [EVENT] of no confidence [EMOTION] in his government [GOVERNMENT] , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] resigned , and retired from active politics [ACTION] , speaking for the last time [PERIOD] in the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] in 1858 . in visiting windsor castle [PERSON] to resign , he told the queen [PERSON] : " nothing [PERSON] could have been better , he said than the feeling [ACTIVITY] of the members [PERSON] towards each other . had it not been for the incessant attempts [ACTION] of ld john russell [PERSON] to keep up party differences [RESULT] , it must be acknowledged that the experiment [COLLECTION] of a coalition [GROUP] had succeeded admirably . we discussed future possibilities [AGREEMENT] & agreed that nothing [PERSON] remained to be done , but to offer the govt [GOVERNMENT] to ld derby,... " . the queen [PERSON] continued to criticise lord john russell [PERSON] for his behaviour [UNKNOWN] for the rest [STATE] of his life [EVENT] ; on his death [EVENT] in 1878 her journal records [INSTANCE] that he was " a man [PERSON] of much talent [EVENT] , who leaves a name [NAME] behind him , kind [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , & good , with a great knowledge [STATE] of the constitution [ACT] , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions [ABSTRACT ENTITY] ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , especially during ld aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 's administration [ARRANGEMENT] ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . relations [RELATION] with the united states [PLACE] british-american relations [RELATION] had been troublesome under palmerston [UNKNOWN] , but aberdeen [INSTITUTION] proved much more conciliatory [UNKNOWN] , and worked well with daniel webster [PERSON] , the american secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] who was himself an anglophile [UNKNOWN] . in 1842 , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] sent lord ashburton [PERSON] to washington [PLACE] to settle all disputes [DISPUTE] , especially the border [SCORE] between canada [PLACE] and maine [PLACE] , the boundary [BODY] along the great lakes [PERSON] , the oregon boundary [BODY] , the african slave trade [PERSON] , the caroline affair [PERSON] about boundaries [BODY] in 1837 and the creole case [STUDY] of 1841 involving a slave revolt [ACT] on the high seas [QUANTITY] . the webster-ashburton treaty [ARTIFACT] of 1842 solved most of the problems [STATEMENT] amicably . thus maine [PLACE] got most of the disputed land [LAND] , but canada [PLACE] obtained a vital , strategic strip [PLACE] of land [LAND] connecting it to a warm water port [PLACE] . aberdeen [INSTITUTION] helped solve [ACT] the oregon dispute [DISPUTE] amicably in 1846 . however , as prime minister [HUMAN ROLE] , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] had trouble [STATE] with the united states [PLACE] . in 1854 , an american naval vessel [PERSON] bombarded the mosquito port [PLACE] of greytown [PLACE] , nicaragua [PLACE] in retaliation [ACT] for an insult [SPEECH] ; britain [PLACE] protested . later in 1846 , the united states [PLACE] announced its intention [PROCESS] of annexing hawaii [PERSON] , and britain [PLACE] not only complained but sent a naval [PERSON] force [FORCE] to make the point [PLACE] . negotiations [PROCESS] for reciprocal trade agreement [AGREEMENT] between the united states [PLACE] and canada [PLACE] dragged on for eight years [PERIOD] until a reciprocity treaty [ARTIFACT] was reached in 1854 . legacy further information [INFORMATION] : international relations [RELATION] of the great powers [PERSON] ( 1814-1919 ) aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was generally successful as a hard-working diplomat [PERSON] , but his reputation [REPUTATION] has suffered greatly because of the lack [DEFICIENCY] of military success [ACT] in the crimean war [EVENT] and from the ridicule [ACT] of enemies [PERSON] such as disraeli [PERSON] who regarded him as weak , inefficient , and cold . before the crimean debacle [EVENT] that ended his career [QUANTITY] , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] scored numerous diplomatic triumphs [ABSTRACT ENTITY] , starting in 1813-14 when as ambassador [RANK] to the austrian empire [PERSON] he negotiated the alliances [STATE] and financing that led to the defeat [ACT] of napoleon [EVENT] . in paris [PLACE] , he normalized relations [RELATION] with the newly restored bourbon government [GOVERNMENT] and convinced london [PLACE] it could be trusted . he worked well with top european diplomats [PERSON] such as his friends klemens von metternich in vienna [PLACE] and françois guizot [PERSON] in paris [PLACE] . he brought britain [PLACE] into the center [UNKNOWN] of continental diplomacy [BRANCH] on critical issues [QUESTION] , such as the local wars [EVENT] in greece [PLACE] , portugal [PLACE] , and belgium [PLACE] . simmering troubles [STATE] on numerous issues [QUESTION] with the united states [PLACE] were ended by friendly compromises [AGREEMENT] . he played a central role [ROLE] in winning the opium wars [EVENT] against [UNKNOWN] china [PLACE] , gaining control [STATE] of hong kong [PERSON] in the process [PROCESS] . family bust [ENTITY] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] in westminster abbey [PERSON] by matthew noble lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] [PERSON] married lady catherine elizabeth [PERSON] ( 10 january [PERIOD] 1784 - 29 february [PERIOD] 1812 ; daughter [PERSON] of lord abercorn [PERSON] ) on 28 july [PERIOD] 1805 . they had three daughters [PERSON] and a son [PERSON] , none of whom lived to be 21 : * lady jane hamilton-gordon ( 11 february [PERIOD] 1807 - 18 august [PERIOD] 1824 ) died aged 17 * lady charlotte catherine hamilton-gordon ( 28 march [PERIOD] 1808 - 24 july [PERIOD] 1818 ) died aged 10 * lady alice hamilton-gordon ( 12 july [PERIOD] 1809 - 21 april [PERIOD] 1829 ) died aged 19 * lord haddo [PERSON] ( born and died 23 november [PERIOD] 1810 ) , survived only one hour [PERIOD] after the death [EVENT] of his first wife [PERSON] , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] remarried harriet douglas [PERSON] ( granddaughter [PERSON] of james douglas [PERSON] , 14th earl [PERSON] of morton [PERSON] and edward lascelles [PERSON] , 1st earl [PERSON] of harewood [MONEY] ) on 8 july [PERIOD] 1815 . they had five children [PERSON] : * george john james hamilton-gordon , 5th earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] ( 28 september [PERIOD] 1816 - 22 march [PERIOD] 1864 ) . he married lady mary baillie [PERSON] ( younger [PERSON] sister [PERSON] of george baillie-hamilton , 10th earl [PERSON] of haddington [PLACE] ) on 5 november [PERIOD] 1840 . they had six children [PERSON] . * general sir alexander hamilton-gordon ( 11 december [PERIOD] 1817 - 19 may [PERIOD] 1890 ) . he married caroline herschel [PERSON] ( daughter [PERSON] of sir john herschel [PERSON] , 1st baronet [PERSON] ) on 9 december [PERIOD] 1852 . they had nine children [PERSON] . * lady frances hamilton-gordon ( 4 december [PERIOD] 1818 - 20 april [PERIOD] 1834 ) died aged 15 * reverend hon [PERSON] . douglas hamilton-gordon ( 13 march [PERIOD] 1824 - 6 december [PERIOD] 1901 ) . he married lady ellen douglas [PERSON] ( maternal first cousin [PERSON] ) on 15 july [PERIOD] 1851 . * arthur charles hamilton-gordon ( 26 november [PERIOD] 1829 - 30 january [PERIOD] 1912 ) . he married rachel emily shaw-lefevre on 20 september [PERIOD] 1865 . they had two children [PERSON] . the countess [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] died in august [PERIOD] 1833 . lord aberdeen [INSTITUTION] died at argyll house [PLACE] , st. james [PERSON] 's , london [PLACE] , on 14 december [PERIOD] 1860 , and was buried in the family vault [PERSON] at stanmore church [PERSON] . in 1994 the novelist [PERSON] , columnist [NUMBER] , and politician ferdinand mount [PERSON] used george gordon [PERSON] 's life [EVENT] as the basis [GROUP] for a historical novel [EVENT] , umbrella [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . apart from his political career [QUANTITY] , aberdeen [INSTITUTION] was also a scholar [PERSON] of the classical civilisations [UNKNOWN] , who published an inquiry [ACT] into the principles [EVENT] of beauty [INSTANCE] in grecian architecture [ACT] ( london [PLACE] , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron [PERSON] in his english bards [REPUTATION] and scotch reviewers [PERSON] ( 1809 ) as " the travell [PERSON] 'd thane , athenian aberdeen [INSTITUTION] . " he was appointed chancellor [PERSON] of the university [INSTITUTION] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] in 1827 and was president [PERSON] of the society [INSTITUTION] of antiquaries [UNKNOWN] of london [PLACE] . ancestry ancestors [GROUP] of george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 32 . sir john gordon [PERSON] , 1st baronet [PERSON] , of haddo [PERSON] 16 . george gordon [PERSON] , 1st earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 33 . mary forbes [PERSON] 8 . william gordon [PERSON] , 2nd earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 34 . george lockhart [PERSON] of tarbrax [UNKNOWN] 17 . anne lockhart [PERSON] of tarbrax [UNKNOWN] 35 . anne lockhart [PERSON] of tarbrax [UNKNOWN] 4. george gordon [PERSON] , 3rd earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 36 . john murray [PERSON] , 1st marquess [PERSON] of atholl [PERSON] 18 . john murray [PERSON] , 1st duke [PERSON] of atholl [PERSON] 37 . lady amelia sophia stanley [PERSON] 9 . lady anna susan murray [PERSON] 38 . william hamilton [PERSON] , duke [PERSON] of hamilton [PERSON] 19 . lady catherine hamilton [PERSON] 39 . anne hamilton [PERSON] , 3rd duchess [EVENT] of hamilton [PERSON] 2 . george gordon [PERSON] , lord haddo [PERSON] 10 . oswald hanson 5. catherine elizabeth hanson 11 . mary collett 1. george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl [PERSON] of aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 12 . william baird [PERSON] 6 . william baird [PERSON] 3. charlotte baird 7 . alicia johnstone religious interests [ELEMENT] aberdeen [INSTITUTION] 's biographer muriel chamberlain [PERSON] summarises , " religion [UNKNOWN] never came easy to him " . in his scots [MONEY] landowning capacity [ARTIFACT] " north [PLACE] of the border [SCORE] , he considered himself ex officio a presbyterian [UNKNOWN] " . in england [PLACE] " he privately considered himself an anglican [PERSON] " ; as early as 1840 he told gladstone [PERSON] he preferred what aberdeen [INSTITUTION] called " the sister church [PERSON] " and when in london [PLACE] worshipped at st james [PERSON] 's piccadilly [UNKNOWN] . he was ultimately buried in the anglican parish church [PERSON] at stanmore [UNKNOWN] , middlesex [PLACE] . he was a member [PERSON] of the general assembly [HUMAN GROUP] of the church [PERSON] of scotland [PLACE] from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights [UNKNOWN] to present ministers [RANK] to parishes [GROUP] on his scottish estates [ESTATE] through a time [PERIOD] when the right [UNKNOWN] of churches [PERSON] to veto [PERSON] the appointment [DECISION] or ' call [UNKNOWN] ' of a minister [HUMAN ROLE] became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism [SITUATION] known as " the disruption [EVENT] " when a third [PROCESS] of ministers [RANK] broke away to form the free church [PERSON] of scotland [PLACE] . in the house [PLACE] of lords [PERSON] , in 1840 and 1843 , he raised two compromise bills [PERSON] to allow presbyteries [PLACE] but not congregations the right [UNKNOWN] of veto [PERSON] . the first failed to pass [ACT] ( and was voted against [UNKNOWN] by the general assembly [HUMAN GROUP] ) but the latter [UNKNOWN] , raised post-schism , became law [PERSON] for scotland [PLACE] and remained in force [FORCE] until patronage [PERSON] of scots livings [PERSON] was abolished in 1874 . it was under his prime ministership [UNKNOWN] that the revival [PERSON] of the convocations [UNKNOWN] of canterbury [PLACE] and york [PLACE] began , though they did not obtain their potential power [POWER] until 1859 . he is said in the last few months [PERIOD] of his life [EVENT] , after the crimean war [EVENT] , to have declined to contribute to building a church [PERSON] on his scotland [PLACE] estates [ESTATE] because of a sense [UNKNOWN] of guilt [INSTANCE] in having " shed much blood [STATE] " , citing biblically king david [PERSON] 's being forbidden to build the temple [PERSON] in jerusalem [PLACE] .

## Objects found

Id | Form | Freq | Tag | Context | Error
1 | aberdeen | 37 | INSTITUTION | prime minister of the united kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen " and " the earl of aberdeen " redirect here . |
2 | earl | 22 | PERSON | prime minister of the united kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen " and " the earl of aberdeen " redirect here . |
3 | december | 17 | PERIOD | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
4 | france | 16 | PLACE | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
5 | palmerston | 16 | UNKNOWN | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
6 | britain | 16 | PLACE | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
7 | war | 15 | EVENT | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
8 | russell | 14 | PERSON | indeed , lord aberdeen 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government of lord john russell in that year . |
9 | government | 10 | GOVERNMENT | indeed , lord aberdeen 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government of lord john russell in that year . |
10 | lord aberdeen | 10 | PERSON | prime minister of the united kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen " and " the earl of aberdeen " redirect here . |
11 | july | 10 | PERIOD | the right honourable the earl of aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen in july 1860 prime minister of the united kingdom |
12 | parliament | 9 | HUMAN GROUP | in august 1847 , a general election of parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 tory/conservative party members to parliament . |
13 | peelites | 9 | UNKNOWN | he served as prime minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the whigs and peelites , with radical and irish support . |
14 | whigs | 9 | LIQUID | he served as prime minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the whigs and peelites , with radical and irish support . |
15 | minority government | 8 | GOVERNMENT | accordingly , the tory/conservative party leader the earl of derby was asked to form a " minority government " . |
16 | relations | 8 | RELATION | his daughters died young , and his relations with his sons were difficult . |
17 | january | 7 | PERIOD | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
18 | house | 7 | PLACE | aberdeen was a poor speaker , but this scarcely mattered in the house of lords . |
19 | napoleon | 7 | EVENT | after 1812 he became a diplomat , and in 1813 , at age 29 , was given the critically important embassy to vienna , where he organised and financed the sixth coalition that defeated napoleon . |
20 | crimean war | 7 | EVENT | despite his efforts to avoid this happening , his ministry took britain into the crimean war , and fell when the war 's conduct became unpopular . |
21 | vote | 7 | EVENT | the vote was 286 in favour of the budget and 305 votes against the budget . |
22 | members | 7 | PERSON | in august 1847 , a general election of parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 tory/conservative party members to parliament . |
23 | foreign secretary | 7 | PERSON | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
24 | time | 7 | PERIOD | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
25 | right | 7 | UNKNOWN | the right honourable the earl of aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen in july 1860 prime minister of the united kingdom |
26 | cabinet | 6 | EVENT | after holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as foreign secretary again under robert peel for a longer term . |
27 | death | 6 | EVENT | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
28 | budget | 6 | DOCUMENT PART | when in december 1852 disraeli submitted his budget to parliament on behalf of the minority government , the peelites , the free traders , and the irish brigade were all alienated by the proposed budget . |
29 | russians | 6 | UNKNOWN | under the treaty , the russians had been granted the exclusive right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
30 | ottoman empire | 6 | STATE | however , other british government officials were beginning to worry more about the rising political dominance of the russian empire in eastern europe and the corresponding decline of the ottoman empire . |
31 | coalition | 6 | GROUP | he served as prime minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the whigs and peelites , with radical and irish support . |
32 | scotland | 6 | PLACE | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
33 | state | 6 | STATE | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
34 | george gordon | 6 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the lord bexley succeeded by charles arbuthnot personal details born george gordon ( 1784-01-28) 28 |
35 | life | 6 | EVENT | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
36 | united states | 5 | PLACE | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
37 | career | 5 | QUANTITY | political and diplomatic career , 1805-1828 |
38 | november | 5 | PERIOD | in office 2 june 1828 - 22 november 1830 prime minister |
39 | end | 5 | UNKNOWN | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
40 | louis bonaparte | 5 | PERSON | thus , louis bonaparte would be unable to succeed himself and after 20 december 1851 would no longer be president . |
41 | wellington | 5 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
42 | treaty | 5 | ARTIFACT | he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to austria , and signed the treaty of töplitz between britain and austria in vienna in october 1813 . |
43 | duke | 5 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
44 | bonaparte | 5 | PERSON | one of the foreign policy issues on which palmerston and russell disagreed was the type of relationship that britain should have with france and especially france 's ruler , louis-napoléon bonaparte . |
45 | russia | 5 | PLACE | the result was that the weak aberdeen government went to war with russia as the result of internal british political rivalries . |
46 | prime minister | 5 | HUMAN ROLE | prime minister of the united kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen " and " the earl of aberdeen " redirect here . |
47 | confidence | 5 | EMOTION | because the leadership of the minority government had made the vote on the budget vote a vote of confidence , the defeat of the disraeli budget was a " vote of no confidence " in the minority government and meant its downfall . |
48 | minister | 5 | HUMAN ROLE | prime minister of the united kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen " and " the earl of aberdeen " redirect here . |
49 | lords | 5 | PERSON | aberdeen was a poor speaker , but this scarcely mattered in the house of lords . |
50 | coup | 5 | EVENT | consequently , on 2 december 1851 , shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire , bonaparte staged a coup against the second republic in france , disbanded the elected constituent assembly , arrested some of the republican leaders , and declared himself emperor napoleon iii of france . |
51 | battle | 5 | PERSON | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
52 | london | 5 | PLACE | in paris , he normalized relations with the newly restored bourbon government and convinced london it could be trusted . |
53 | issues | 5 | QUESTION | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
54 | daughter | 5 | PERSON | his mother was charlotte , youngest daughter of william baird of newbyth . |
55 | sites | 4 | UNKNOWN | as napoleon iii was forming his new imperial government , he sent an ambassador to the ottoman empire with instructions to assert france 's right to protect christian sites in jerusalem and the holy land . |
56 | jerusalem | 4 | PLACE | as napoleon iii was forming his new imperial government , he sent an ambassador to the ottoman empire with instructions to assert france 's right to protect christian sites in jerusalem and the holy land . |
57 | turks | 4 | PLACE | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
58 | lord haddo | 4 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
59 | traders | 4 | PERSON | additionally , 113 of the members of parliament elected in 1847 were free traders . |
60 | february | 4 | PERIOD | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
61 | england | 4 | PLACE | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
62 | children | 4 | PERSON | harriet douglas ​ ​ ( m. 1815 ; died 1833 )​ children 9 , including george parent(s ) |
63 | diplomat | 4 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
64 | chancellor | 4 | PERSON | in office 20 december 1834 - 8 april 1835 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by thomas spring rice succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor of the duchy of lancaster |
65 | lord john russell | 4 | PERSON | indeed , lord aberdeen 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government of lord john russell in that year . |
66 | term | 4 | TERM | after holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as foreign secretary again under robert peel for a longer term . |
67 | mind | 4 | FORM | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
68 | derby | 4 | PERSON | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
69 | reform bill | 4 | PERSON | he resigned with wellington over the reform bill of 1832 . |
70 | secretary | 4 | PERSON | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
71 | church | 4 | PERSON | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
72 | march | 4 | PERIOD | when russia ignored an anglo-french ultimatum to abandon the danubian provinces , britain and france declared war on russia on 28 march 1854 . |
73 | favour | 4 | PERSON | the vote was 286 in favour of the budget and 305 votes against the budget . |
74 | canada | 4 | PLACE | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
75 | result | 4 | RESULT | probably as a result of their continuing feud , palmerston declared himself against this reform bill of 1852 . |
76 | october | 4 | PERIOD | october 1791 and his mother in 1795 , and he was brought up by henry dundas , 1st viscount melville , and william pitt the younger . |
77 | years | 4 | PERIOD | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
78 | force | 4 | FORCE | the french sent one of their premier ships-of-the-line , the charlemagne , to the black sea as a show of force . |
79 | second republic | 4 | PLACE | the younger bonaparte had been elected to a three-year term as president of the second republic of france on 20 december 1848 . |
80 | september | 4 | PERIOD | in office 2 september 1841 - 6 july 1846 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by the viscount palmerston succeeded by the viscount palmerston |
81 | election | 4 | PROCESS | in august 1847 , a general election of parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 tory/conservative party members to parliament . |
82 | radical | 3 | PERSON | he served as prime minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the whigs and peelites , with radical and irish support . |
83 | experience | 3 | COGNITIVE STATE | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
84 | son | 3 | PERSON | born in edinburgh on 28 january 1784 , he was the eldest son of george gordon , lord haddo , son of george gordon , 3rd earl of aberdeen . |
85 | wars | 3 | EVENT | consequently , these officials felt that any close association with bonaparte would eventually lead britain into another series of wars , like the wars with france and napoleon dating from 1793 until 1815 . |
86 | united kingdom | 3 | PLACE | prime minister of the united kingdom from 1852 to 1855 " lord aberdeen " and " the earl of aberdeen " redirect here . |
87 | leader | 3 | PERSON | in opposition aberdeen again followed his leader and resigned with peel over the issue of the corn laws . |
88 | ottomans | 3 | PLACE | as prime minister of the peelite/whig coalition government , aberdeen eventually led britain into war on the side of the french and ottomans against the russian empire . |
89 | seats | 3 | EVENT | this represented 42.7 % of the seats in parliament . |
90 | august | 3 | PERIOD | in august 1847 , a general election of parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 tory/conservative party members to parliament . |
91 | pressure | 3 | OCCURRENCE | however , as political pressure in favour of further reform had risen over the twenty years since 1832 , russell had changed his mind . |
92 | downfall | 3 | PROCESS | because the leadership of the minority government had made the vote on the budget vote a vote of confidence , the defeat of the disraeli budget was a " vote of no confidence " in the minority government and meant its downfall . |
93 | foreign minister | 3 | HUMAN ROLE | queen victoria and members of the russell government demanded that palmerston be dismissed as foreign minister . |
94 | queen | 3 | PERSON | he enjoyed the trust of queen victoria , which was still important for a foreign secretary . |
95 | irish brigade | 3 | PERSON | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
96 | french | 3 | PLACE | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
97 | wife | 3 | PERSON | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
98 | office | 3 | PLACE | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
99 | gladstone | 3 | PERSON | his friend william ewart gladstone , said of him that he was " the man in public life of all others whom i have loved . |
100 | russo turkish war | 3 | EVENT |  |
101 | ambassador | 3 | RANK | he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to austria , and signed the treaty of töplitz between britain and austria in vienna in october 1813 . |
102 | british | 3 | UNKNOWN | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
103 | april | 3 | PERIOD | in office 20 december 1834 - 8 april 1835 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by thomas spring rice succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor of the duchy of lancaster |
104 | sevastopol | 3 | UNKNOWN | in september 1854 , british and french troops landed on the crimean peninsula at eupatoria , north of sevastopol . |
105 | may | 3 | PERIOD | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
106 | politics | 3 | ACTION | subsequently , aberdeen retired from politics . |
107 | queen victoria | 3 | PERSON | he enjoyed the trust of queen victoria , which was still important for a foreign secretary . |
108 | position | 3 | POSITION | after holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as foreign secretary again under robert peel for a longer term . |
109 | series | 3 | SERIES | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
110 | tory | 3 | PERSON | other political affiliations liberal ( 1859-1860 ) conservative ( 1834-1846 ) tory ( before 1834 ) |
111 | holy land | 3 | LAND | as napoleon iii was forming his new imperial government , he sent an ambassador to the ottoman empire with instructions to assert france 's right to protect christian sites in jerusalem and the holy land . |
112 | paris | 3 | PLACE | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
113 | estates | 3 | ESTATE | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
114 | europe | 3 | PLACE | he travelled extensively in europe , including greece , and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology . |
115 | corn laws | 3 | PERSON | in opposition aberdeen again followed his leader and resigned with peel over the issue of the corn laws . |
116 | president | 3 | PERSON | the younger bonaparte had been elected to a three-year term as president of the second republic of france on 20 december 1848 . |
117 | foreign affairs | 3 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
118 | appointment | 3 | DECISION | after holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as foreign secretary again under robert peel for a longer term . |
119 | year | 3 | PERIOD | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
120 | whig party | 3 | FORCE | the main opposition to the tory/conservative party was the whig party , which had 292 seats . |
121 | vienna | 3 | PLACE | after 1812 he became a diplomat , and in 1813 , at age 29 , was given the critically important embassy to vienna , where he organised and financed the sixth coalition that defeated napoleon . |
122 | appointments | 2 | DECISION | the cabinet also included a single radical , sir william molesworth , but much later , when justifying to the queen his own new appointments , gladstone told her : " for instance , even in ld aberdeen 's govt , in 52 , sir william molesworth had been selected , at that time , a very advanced radical , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... |
123 | office december | 2 | PERIOD |  |
124 | moldavia | 2 | PLACE | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
125 | others | 2 | UNKNOWN | his friend william ewart gladstone , said of him that he was " the man in public life of all others whom i have loved . |
126 | society | 2 | INSTITUTION | on his return to britain , he founded the society of athenian travellers . |
127 | black sea | 2 | PLACE | the french sent one of their premier ships-of-the-line , the charlemagne , to the black sea as a show of force . |
128 | sister | 2 | PERSON | in july 1815 , he married his former sister in-law harriet , daughter of john douglas , and widow of james hamilton , viscount hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . |
129 | st james | 2 | PERSON | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
130 | peer | 2 | PERSON | in december 1805 , lord aberdeen took his seat as a tory scottish representative peer in the house of lords . |
131 | people | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | he said these people generally became very moderate , when they were in office " , which she admitted had been the case . |
132 | ministers | 2 | RANK | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
133 | civilisations | 2 | UNKNOWN | he travelled extensively in europe , including greece , and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology . |
134 | hong kong | 2 | PERSON | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
135 | months | 2 | PERIOD | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
136 | austria | 2 | PLACE | he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to austria , and signed the treaty of töplitz between britain and austria in vienna in october 1813 . |
137 | differences | 2 | RESULT | accordingly , those groups suddenly forgot their differences with the whig party and voted with the whigs against the proposed budget . |
138 | provinces | 2 | ENTITY | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
139 | russell government | 2 | GOVERNMENT | queen victoria and members of the russell government demanded that palmerston be dismissed as foreign minister . |
140 | nothing | 2 | PERSON | in visiting windsor castle to resign , he told the queen : " nothing could have been better , he said than the feeling of the members towards each other . |
141 | greece | 2 | PLACE | he travelled extensively in europe , including greece , and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology . |
142 | conservatives | 2 | UNKNOWN | in february 1852 , palmerston took revenge on russell by voting with the conservatives in a " no confidence " vote against the russell government . |
143 | occasions | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
144 | scenes | 2 | SET | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
145 | commons | 2 | UNKNOWN | in 1832 , russell had been nicknamed " finality john " because of his statement that the 1832 reform act had just been approved by both the house of commons and the house of lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in britain . |
146 | oregon dispute | 2 | DISPUTE | it was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the us : the northeast boundary dispute by the webster-ashburton treaty ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute by the oregon treaty of 1846 . |
147 | administration | 2 | ARRANGEMENT | during the administration , much trouble was caused by the rivalry between palmerston and russell , and over the course of it palmerston managed to out-manoeuvre russell to emerge as the whig heir apparent . |
148 | father | 2 | PERSON | aberdeen inherited and subsequently modernized his father 's scottish estates . |
149 | lord palmerston | 2 | PERSON | although united on international trade issues and on questions of domestic reform , his cabinet also contained lord palmerston and lord john russell , who were certain to differ on questions of foreign policy . |
150 | control | 2 | STATE | the aberdeen ministry was filled with powerful and talented politicians , whom aberdeen was largely unable to control and direct . |
151 | information | 2 | INFORMATION | further information : |
152 | negotiations | 2 | PROCESS | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
153 | interests | 2 | ELEMENT | aberdeen accepted russian arguments at face value because he sympathised with russian interests against french pressure and was not in favour of the crimean war . |
154 | sinope | 2 | PLACE | a russian naval raid on sinope , on 30 november 1853 , resulted in the destruction of the turkish fleet in the battle of sinope . |
155 | june | 2 | PERIOD | in office 2 june 1828 - 22 november 1830 prime minister |
156 | middlesex | 2 | PLACE | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
157 | general assembly | 2 | HUMAN GROUP | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
158 | china | 2 | PLACE | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
159 | issue | 2 | QUESTION | in opposition aberdeen again followed his leader and resigned with peel over the issue of the corn laws . |
160 | napoleon iii | 2 | PERSON | consequently , on 2 december 1851 , shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire , bonaparte staged a coup against the second republic in france , disbanded the elected constituent assembly , arrested some of the republican leaders , and declared himself emperor napoleon iii of france . |
161 | siege | 2 | PROPERTY | the allied troops then moved across the alma river on 20 september 1854 at the battle of alma and set siege to the fort of sevastopol . |
162 | maine | 2 | PLACE | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
163 | problem | 2 | STATEMENT | later in the year , another problem facing the earl of aberdeen in the formation of his own new government in december 1852 was lord john russell himself . |
164 | college | 2 | INSTITUTION | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
165 | conflict | 2 | EVENT | the ottoman empire agreed to this condition to avoid conflict or even war with france . |
166 | ld aberdeen | 2 | PERSON | the cabinet also included a single radical , sir william molesworth , but much later , when justifying to the queen his own new appointments , gladstone told her : " for instance , even in ld aberdeen 's govt , in 52 , sir william molesworth had been selected , at that time , a very advanced radical , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... |
167 | peel ministry | 2 | INSTITUTION | he was secretary of state for war and the colonies in the first peel ministry ( december 1834 - april 1835 ) , and again foreign secretary between 1841 and 1846 under sir robert peel ( second peel ministry ) . |
168 | side | 2 | PLACE | it was during his second stint as foreign secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' little hong kong ' , on the south side of hong kong island , named after him . |
169 | member | 2 | PERSON | returning home he was created a peer of the united kingdom as viscount gordon , of aberdeen in the county of aberdeen ( 1814 ) , and made a member of the privy council . |
170 | mother | 2 | PERSON | his mother was charlotte , youngest daughter of william baird of newbyth . |
171 | küçük kaynarca | 2 | UNKNOWN | russia protested the turkish agreement with the french as a violation of the treaty of küçük kaynarca of 1778 , which ended the russo-turkish war ( 1768-1774 ) . |
172 | opposition | 2 | EVENT | in opposition aberdeen again followed his leader and resigned with peel over the issue of the corn laws . |
173 | marriage | 2 | ACT | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
174 | reform | 2 | PERSON | he resigned with wellington over the reform bill of 1832 . |
175 | man | 2 | PERSON | his friend william ewart gladstone , said of him that he was " the man in public life of all others whom i have loved . |
176 | lack | 2 | DEFICIENCY | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
177 | motion | 2 | ACTION | on 29 january 1855 , john arthur roebuck introduced a motion for the appointment of a select committee to enquire into the conduct of the war . |
178 | course | 2 | PERSON | during the administration , much trouble was caused by the rivalry between palmerston and russell , and over the course of it palmerston managed to out-manoeuvre russell to emerge as the whig heir apparent . |
179 | tarbrax | 2 | UNKNOWN | george lockhart of tarbrax 17 . |
180 | turkey | 2 | PLACE | nevertheless , britain became increasingly worried about the situation in turkey , and prime minister aberdeen sent lord stratford de redcliffe , a diplomat with vast experience in turkey , as a special envoy to the ottoman empire to guard british interests . |
181 | conduct | 2 | ACT | despite his efforts to avoid this happening , his ministry took britain into the crimean war , and fell when the war 's conduct became unpopular . |
182 | russian empire | 2 | PERSON | however , other british government officials were beginning to worry more about the rising political dominance of the russian empire in eastern europe and the corresponding decline of the ottoman empire . |
183 | constitution | 2 | ACT | the constitution of the second republic limited the president to a single term in office . |
184 | wallachia | 2 | UNKNOWN | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
185 | belgium | 2 | PLACE | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
186 | hamilton | 2 | PERSON | spouses * lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ * |
187 | lady catherine elizabeth | 2 | PERSON | in 1805 , he married lady catherine elizabeth , daughter of john hamilton , 1st marquess of abercorn . |
188 | george hamilton gordon | 2 | PERSON | george hamilton gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen , c. june 1858 |
189 | marquess | 2 | PERSON | in 1805 , he married lady catherine elizabeth , daughter of john hamilton , 1st marquess of abercorn . |
190 | govt | 2 | GOVERNMENT | the cabinet also included a single radical , sir william molesworth , but much later , when justifying to the queen his own new appointments , gladstone told her : " for instance , even in ld aberdeen 's govt , in 52 , sir william molesworth had been selected , at that time , a very advanced radical , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... |
191 | daughters | 2 | PERSON | his daughters died young , and his relations with his sons were difficult . |
192 | balaclava | 2 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | a russian attack on the allied supply base at balaclava on 25 october 1854 was rebuffed . |
193 | questions | 2 | QUESTION | although united on international trade issues and on questions of domestic reform , his cabinet also contained lord palmerston and lord john russell , who were certain to differ on questions of foreign policy . |
194 | atholl | 2 | PERSON | john murray , 1st marquess of atholl 18 . |
195 | emperor napoleon iii | 2 | PERSON | consequently , on 2 december 1851 , shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire , bonaparte staged a coup against the second republic in france , disbanded the elected constituent assembly , arrested some of the republican leaders , and declared himself emperor napoleon iii of france . |
196 | coalition government | 2 | GOVERNMENT | russell was the leader of the whig party , the largest group in the coalition government . |
197 | support | 2 | ACT | he served as prime minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the whigs and peelites , with radical and irish support . |
198 | rest | 2 | STATE | without informing the rest of the cabinet or queen victoria , palmerston had sent a private note to the french ambassador endorsing louis bonaparte 's coup and congratulating louis bonaparte himself on the coup . |
199 | danube river | 2 | PERSON | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
200 | peel | 2 | PERSON | in office 2 september 1841 - 6 july 1846 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by the viscount palmerston succeeded by the viscount palmerston |
201 | defeat | 2 | ACT | because the leadership of the minority government had made the vote on the budget vote a vote of confidence , the defeat of the disraeli budget was a " vote of no confidence " in the minority government and meant its downfall . |
202 | diplomacy | 2 | BRANCH | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
203 | duchy | 2 | UNKNOWN | in office 20 december 1834 - 8 april 1835 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by thomas spring rice succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor of the duchy of lancaster |
204 | opinion | 2 | AMOUNT | given the differences of opinion within the lord aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between britain and france under napoleon iii , it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as louis bonaparte , now assuming the title of emperor napoleon iii . |
205 | removal | 2 | PROCESS | because of the controversy surrounding palmerston 's removal as secretary of state for foreign affairs , palmerston could not now be appointed foreign minister again so soon after his removal from that position . |
206 | whig government | 2 | GOVERNMENT | indeed , lord aberdeen 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government of lord john russell in that year . |
207 | eastern question | 2 | QUESTION | the " eastern question " |
208 | colonies | 2 | UNKNOWN | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
209 | disagreements | 2 | EVENT | it was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the us : the northeast boundary dispute by the webster-ashburton treaty ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute by the oregon treaty of 1846 . |
210 | border | 2 | SCORE | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
211 | arguments | 2 | STATE | aberdeen accepted russian arguments at face value because he sympathised with russian interests against french pressure and was not in favour of the crimean war . |
212 | land | 2 | LAND | as napoleon iii was forming his new imperial government , he sent an ambassador to the ottoman empire with instructions to assert france 's right to protect christian sites in jerusalem and the holy land . |
213 | trouble | 2 | STATE | during the administration , much trouble was caused by the rivalry between palmerston and russell , and over the course of it palmerston managed to out-manoeuvre russell to emerge as the whig heir apparent . |
214 | affairs | 2 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
215 | baronet | 2 | PERSON | he married caroline herschel ( daughter of sir john herschel , 1st baronet ) on 9 december 1852 . |
216 | lancaster | 2 | PLACE | in office 20 december 1834 - 8 april 1835 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by thomas spring rice succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor of the duchy of lancaster |
217 | lord stratford de redcliffe | 2 | PERSON | nevertheless , britain became increasingly worried about the situation in turkey , and prime minister aberdeen sent lord stratford de redcliffe , a diplomat with vast experience in turkey , as a special envoy to the ottoman empire to guard british interests . |
218 | title | 2 | BUILDING | for other holders of the title , see earl of aberdeen . |
219 | sir william molesworth | 2 | PERSON | the cabinet also included a single radical , sir william molesworth , but much later , when justifying to the queen his own new appointments , gladstone told her : " for instance , even in ld aberdeen 's govt , in 52 , sir william molesworth had been selected , at that time , a very advanced radical , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... |
220 | william baird | 2 | PERSON | his mother was charlotte , youngest daughter of william baird of newbyth . |
221 | repeal | 2 | ACT | these members agreed with the peelites on the repeal of the " corn laws " , but they felt that the tariffs on all consumer products should be removed . |
222 | webster ashburton treaty | 2 | ARTIFACT |  |
223 | behalf | 2 | PERSON | when in december 1852 disraeli submitted his budget to parliament on behalf of the minority government , the peelites , the free traders , and the irish brigade were all alienated by the proposed budget . |
224 | show | 2 | EVENT | the french sent one of their premier ships-of-the-line , the charlemagne , to the black sea as a show of force . |
225 | anne lockhart | 2 | PERSON | anne lockhart of tarbrax 35 . |
226 | policy | 2 | RULE | although united on international trade issues and on questions of domestic reform , his cabinet also contained lord palmerston and lord john russell , who were certain to differ on questions of foreign policy . |
227 | john murray | 2 | PERSON | john murray , 1st marquess of atholl 18 . |
228 | home | 2 | PLACE | he wrote home : |
229 | officials | 2 | UNKNOWN | some british government officials felt that louis bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , napoleon i . |
230 | viscount palmerston | 2 | PERSON | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
231 | seas | 1 | QUANTITY | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
232 | conciliatory | 1 | UNKNOWN | relations with the united states british-american relations had been troublesome under palmerston , but aberdeen proved much more conciliatory , and worked well with daniel webster , the american secretary of state who was himself an anglophile . |
233 | exchange | 1 | RESULT | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
234 | reports | 1 | PERSON | as reports returned detailing the mismanagement of the conflict , parliament began to investigate . |
235 | aftermath | 1 | PLACE | aberdeen was greatly affected by the aftermath of war which he witnessed at first hand . |
236 | strip | 1 | PLACE | thus maine got most of the disputed land , but canada obtained a vital , strategic strip of land connecting it to a warm water port . |
237 | instance | 1 | INSTANCE | the cabinet also included a single radical , sir william molesworth , but much later , when justifying to the queen his own new appointments , gladstone told her : " for instance , even in ld aberdeen 's govt , in 52 , sir william molesworth had been selected , at that time , a very advanced radical , but who was perfectly harmless , & took little , or no part.... |
238 | parishes | 1 | GROUP | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
239 | approach | 1 | ACT | the near approach of war and its effects are horrible beyond what you can conceive . |
240 | hour | 1 | PERIOD | they had three daughters and a son , none of whom lived to be 21 : * lady jane hamilton-gordon ( 11 february 1807 - 18 august 1824 ) died aged 17 * lady charlotte catherine hamilton-gordon ( 28 march 1808 - 24 july 1818 ) died aged 10 * lady alice hamilton-gordon ( 12 july 1809 - 21 april 1829 ) died aged 19 * lord haddo ( born and died 23 november 1810 ) , survived only one hour |
241 | formation | 1 | ARRANGEMENT | later in the year , another problem facing the earl of aberdeen in the formation of his own new government in december 1852 was lord john russell himself . |
242 | grecian architecture | 1 | ACT | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
243 | compromises | 1 | AGREEMENT | simmering troubles on numerous issues with the united states were ended by friendly compromises . |
244 | alicia johnstone religious interests aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | baird 7 . alicia johnstone religious interests aberdeen 's biographer muriel chamberlain summarises , " religion never came easy to him " . |
245 | classes | 1 | UNKNOWN | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
246 | condition | 1 | CONDITION | the ottoman empire agreed to this condition to avoid conflict or even war with france . |
247 | york | 1 | PLACE | it was under his prime ministership that the revival of the convocations of canterbury and york began , though they did not obtain their potential power until 1859 . |
248 | driving | 1 | ACT | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
249 | arthur charles hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
250 | effects | 1 | EFFECT | the near approach of war and its effects are horrible beyond what you can conceive . |
251 | george parent s | 1 | PERSON |  |
252 | waggons | 1 | UNKNOWN | the whole road from prague to was covered with waggons full of wounded , dead , and dying . |
253 | prague | 1 | PLACE | the whole road from prague to was covered with waggons full of wounded , dead , and dying . |
254 | athenian travellers | 1 | PERSON | on his return to britain , he founded the society of athenian travellers . |
255 | travell | 1 | PERSON | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
256 | françois guizot | 1 | PERSON | klemens von metternich in vienna and françois guizot in paris . |
257 | intention | 1 | PROCESS | later in 1846 , the united states announced its intention of annexing hawaii , and britain not only complained but sent a naval force to make the point . |
258 | younger | 1 | PERSON | october 1791 and his mother in 1795 , and he was brought up by henry dundas , 1st viscount melville , and william pitt the younger . |
259 | viscount palmerston foreign secretary | 1 | PERSON | in office 19 december 1852 - 30 january 1855 monarch victoria preceded by the earl of derby succeeded by the viscount palmerston foreign secretary |
260 | sir john gordon | 1 | PERSON | sir john gordon , 1st baronet , of haddo 16 . |
261 | ​ | 1 | PERSON | spouses * lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ * |
262 | portrait | 1 | PERSON | political career , 1828-1852 portrait of lord aberdeen by thomas lawrence , 1830 lord aberdeen c. |
263 | edinburgh | 1 | PLACE | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
264 | boundary dispute | 1 | DISPUTE | it was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the us : the northeast boundary dispute by the webster-ashburton treaty ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute by the oregon treaty of 1846 . |
265 | anglophile | 1 | UNKNOWN | relations with the united states british-american relations had been troublesome under palmerston , but aberdeen proved much more conciliatory , and worked well with daniel webster , the american secretary of state who was himself an anglophile . |
266 | capacity | 1 | ARTIFACT | scots landowning capacity |
267 | queen isabella | 1 | PERSON | he worked closely with henry bulwer , his ambassador to madrid , to help arrange marriages for queen isabella and her younger sister the infanta luisa fernanda . |
268 | naval | 1 | PERSON | a russian naval raid on sinope , on 30 november 1853 , resulted in the destruction of the turkish fleet in the battle of sinope . |
269 | age | 1 | PROPERTY | after 1812 he became a diplomat , and in 1813 , at age 29 , was given the critically important embassy to vienna , where he organised and financed the sixth coalition that defeated napoleon . |
270 | marriages | 1 | ACT | he worked closely with henry bulwer , his ambassador to madrid , to help arrange marriages for queen isabella and her younger sister the infanta luisa fernanda . |
271 | problems | 1 | STATEMENT | the webster-ashburton treaty of 1842 solved most of the problems amicably . |
272 | lord abercorn | 1 | PERSON | family bust of aberdeen in westminster abbey by matthew noble lord aberdeen married lady catherine elizabeth ( 10 january 1784 - 29 february 1812 ; daughter of lord abercorn ) on 28 july 1805 . |
273 | james hamilton | 1 | PERSON | in july 1815 , he married his former sister-in-law harriet , daughter of john douglas , and widow of james hamilton , viscount hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . |
274 | trade agreement | 1 | AGREEMENT | negotiations for reciprocal trade agreement between the united states and canada dragged on for eight years until a reciprocity treaty was reached in 1854 . |
275 | anglican parish church | 1 | PERSON | he was ultimately buried in the anglican parish church at stanmore , middlesex . |
276 | aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen in july 1860 prime minister of the united kingdom |
277 | intervention | 1 | ACTION | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
278 | debate | 1 | STATE | given the differences of opinion within the lord aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between britain and france under napoleon iii , it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as louis bonaparte , now assuming the title of emperor napoleon iii . |
279 | scotch reviewers | 1 | PERSON | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
280 | december coup | 1 | EVENT |  |
281 | pretensions | 1 | QUALITY | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
282 | pacific | 1 | PLACE | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
283 | statesmen | 1 | PERSON | accordingly , on 7 may 1853 , the russians sent prince alexander sergeyevich menshikov , one their premier statesmen , to negotiate a settlement of the issue . |
284 | united states british american relations | 1 | PLACE |  |
285 | first opium war | 1 | EVENT | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
286 | widow | 1 | PERSON | in july 1815 , he married his former sister-in-law harriet , daughter of john douglas , and widow of james hamilton , viscount hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . |
287 | william pitt | 1 | PERSON | october 1791 and his mother in 1795 , and he was brought up by henry dundas , 1st viscount melville , and william pitt the younger . |
288 | defer | 1 | PERSON | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
289 | success | 1 | ACT | aberdeen was generally successful as a hard-working diplomat , but his reputation has suffered greatly because of the lack of military success in the crimean war and from the ridicule of enemies such as disraeli who regarded him as weak , inefficient , and cold . |
290 | abercorn | 1 | PERSON | in 1805 , he married lady catherine elizabeth , daughter of john hamilton , 1st marquess of abercorn . |
291 | years aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | during the ensuing thirteen years aberdeen took a less prominent part in public affairs . |
292 | finality john | 1 | PERSON | in 1832 , russell had been nicknamed " finality john " because of his statement that the 1832 reform act had just been approved by both the house of commons and the house of lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in britain . |
293 | happening | 1 | EVENT | despite his efforts to avoid this happening , his ministry took britain into the crimean war , and fell when the war 's conduct became unpopular . |
294 | austrian emperor | 1 | PERSON | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
295 | hawaii | 1 | PERSON | later in 1846 , the united states announced its intention of annexing hawaii , and britain not only complained but sent a naval force to make the point . |
296 | anti reform | 1 | PERSON |  |
297 | beauty | 1 | INSTANCE | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
298 | privy council | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | returning home he was created a peer of the united kingdom as viscount gordon , of aberdeen in the county of aberdeen ( 1814 ) , and made a member of the privy council . |
299 | countess | 1 | PERSON | the countess of aberdeen died in august 1833 . |
300 | light brigade | 1 | USE | charge of the light brigade . |
301 | ecclesiastical titles assumption bill | 1 | PERSON | indeed , lord aberdeen 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government of lord john russell in that year . |
302 | viscount palmerston secretary | 1 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
303 | holders | 1 | CONCEPT | for other holders of the title , see earl of aberdeen . |
304 | midlothian | 1 | UNKNOWN | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
305 | case | 1 | STUDY | he said these people generally became very moderate , when they were in office " , which she admitted had been the case . |
306 | westminster abbey | 1 | PERSON | family bust of aberdeen in westminster abbey by matthew noble lord aberdeen married lady catherine elizabeth ( 10 january 1784 - 29 february 1812 ; daughter of lord abercorn ) on 28 july 1805 . |
307 | st john | 1 | PERSON | resting place st john the evangelist , great stanmore political party peelite ( 1846-1859 ) |
308 | attempt | 1 | ACTION | however , this attempt failed . |
309 | oregon treaty | 1 | PLACE | it was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the us : the northeast boundary dispute by the webster-ashburton treaty ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute by the oregon treaty of 1846 . |
310 | great stanmore political party peelite | 1 | UNKNOWN | resting place st john the evangelist , great stanmore political party peelite ( 1846-1859 ) |
311 | crimean debacle | 1 | EVENT | before the crimean debacle that ended his career , aberdeen scored numerous diplomatic triumphs , starting in 1813-14 when as ambassador to the austrian empire he negotiated the alliances and financing that led to the defeat of napoleon . |
312 | rejection | 1 | PERSON | indeed , lord aberdeen 's own dislike of the ecclesiastical titles assumption bill , the rejection of which he failed to secure in 1851 , prevented him from joining the whig government of lord john russell in that year . |
313 | energy | 1 | ENERGY | my conscience upbraids me the more , because seeing , as i did from the first , all that was to be apprehended , it is possible that by a little more energy and vigour , not on the danube , but in downing street , it might have been prevented . |
314 | peelite/whig coalition government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | as prime minister of the peelite/whig coalition government , aberdeen eventually led britain into war on the side of the french and ottomans against the russian empire . |
315 | tory/conservative party | 1 | FORCE | in august 1847 , a general election of parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 tory/conservative party members to parliament . |
316 | interest | 1 | ELEMENT | he travelled extensively in europe , including greece , and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology . |
317 | politician | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
318 | agreement | 1 | AGREEMENT | russia protested the turkish agreement with the french as a violation of the treaty of küçük kaynarca of 1778 , which ended the russo-turkish war ( 1768-1774 ) . |
319 | caroline affair | 1 | PERSON | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
320 | viscount melville | 1 | PERSON | october 1791 and his mother in 1795 , and he was brought up by henry dundas , 1st viscount melville , and william pitt the younger . |
321 | peelite | 1 | UNKNOWN | resting place st john the evangelist , great stanmore political party peelite ( 1846-1859 ) |
322 | relationship | 1 | RELATIONSHIP | one of the foreign policy issues on which palmerston and russell disagreed was the type of relationship that britain should have with france and especially france 's ruler , louis-napoléon bonaparte . |
323 | revolt | 1 | ACT | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
324 | tariffs | 1 | PERSON | these members agreed with the peelites on the repeal of the " corn laws " , but they felt that the tariffs on all consumer products should be removed . |
325 | athenian aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
326 | decision | 1 | DECISION | the abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which i am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . |
327 | tory/conservative party leader | 1 | PERSON | accordingly , the tory/conservative party leader the earl of derby was asked to form a " minority government " . |
328 | acceptance | 1 | DOCUMENT | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
329 | umbrella | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | in 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician ferdinand mount used george gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , umbrella . |
330 | extension | 1 | SITUATION | there would be no further extension of the ballot to the common people of britain . |
331 | lord glenelg chancellor | 1 | PERSON | in office 20 december 1834 - 8 april 1835 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by thomas spring rice succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor of the duchy of lancaster |
332 | trust | 1 | TRUST | he enjoyed the trust of queen victoria , which was still important for a foreign secretary . |
333 | loss | 1 | ACT | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
334 | instructions | 1 | INSTANCE | as napoleon iii was forming his new imperial government , he sent an ambassador to the ottoman empire with instructions to assert france 's right to protect christian sites in jerusalem and the holy land . |
335 | water port | 1 | PLACE | thus maine got most of the disputed land , but canada obtained a vital , strategic strip of land connecting it to a warm water port . |
336 | enemies | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen was generally successful as a hard-working diplomat , but his reputation has suffered greatly because of the lack of military success in the crimean war and from the ridicule of enemies such as disraeli who regarded him as weak , inefficient , and cold . |
337 | successes | 1 | ACT | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
338 | cousin lord byron | 1 | PERSON | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
339 | statesman | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
340 | biographer muriel chamberlain | 1 | PERSON | baird 7 . alicia johnstone religious interests aberdeen 's biographer muriel chamberlain summarises , " religion never came easy to him " . |
341 | master | 1 | PERSON | he was educated at harrow , and st john 's college , cambridge , where he graduated with a master of arts in 1804 . |
342 | minister plenipotentiary | 1 | PERSON | he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to austria , and signed the treaty of töplitz between britain and austria in vienna in october 1813 . |
343 | friends klemens von metternich | 1 | PERSON |  |
344 | rivalry | 1 | PERSON | during the administration , much trouble was caused by the rivalry between palmerston and russell , and over the course of it palmerston managed to out-manoeuvre russell to emerge as the whig heir apparent . |
345 | british government officials | 1 | UNKNOWN | some british government officials felt that louis bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , napoleon i . |
346 | predecessor | 1 | GROUP | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
347 | policy negotiations | 1 | PROCESS | this war would eventually be called the crimean war , but throughout the foreign policy negotiations surrounding the dismemberment of the ottoman empire , which would continue throughout the middle and end of nineteenth century , the problem would be referred to as the " eastern question " . |
348 | disraeli budget | 1 | DOCUMENT PART | because the leadership of the minority government had made the vote on the budget vote a vote of confidence , the defeat of the disraeli budget was a " vote of no confidence " in the minority government and meant its downfall . |
349 | dominance | 1 | PERSON | however , other british government officials were beginning to worry more about the rising political dominance of the russian empire in eastern europe and the corresponding decline of the ottoman empire . |
350 | pass | 1 | ACT | the first failed to pass ( and was voted against by the general assembly ) but the latter , raised post-schism , became law for scotland and remained in force until patronage of scots livings was abolished in 1874 . |
351 | ships | 1 | UNKNOWN | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
352 | archaeology | 1 | STUDY | he travelled extensively in europe , including greece , and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology . |
353 | thistle | 1 | PERSON | in 1808 , he was created a knight of the thistle . |
354 | means | 1 | UNKNOWN | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
355 | sister in law harriet | 1 | PERSON |  |
356 | lord ashburton | 1 | PERSON | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
357 | turkish fleet | 1 | PERSON | a russian naval raid on sinope , on 30 november 1853 , resulted in the destruction of the turkish fleet in the battle of sinope . |
358 | reciprocity treaty | 1 | ARTIFACT | negotiations for reciprocal trade agreement between the united states and canada dragged on for eight years until a reciprocity treaty was reached in 1854 . |
359 | exterior | 1 | PERSON | he exhibited a " dour , awkward , occasionally sarcastic exterior " . |
360 | general sir alexander hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
361 | behaviour | 1 | UNKNOWN | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
362 | committee | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | on 29 january 1855 , john arthur roebuck introduced a motion for the appointment of a select committee to enquire into the conduct of the war . |
363 | eupatoria | 1 | PLACE | in september 1854 , british and french troops landed on the crimean peninsula at eupatoria , north of sevastopol . |
364 | cousin | 1 | PERSON | he married lady ellen douglas ( maternal first cousin ) on 15 july 1851 . |
365 | journal records | 1 | INSTANCE | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
366 | bank | 1 | PLACE | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
367 | trade issues | 1 | QUESTION | although united on international trade issues and on questions of domestic reform , his cabinet also contained lord palmerston and lord john russell , who were certain to differ on questions of foreign policy . |
368 | george lockhart | 1 | PERSON | george lockhart of tarbrax 17 . |
369 | justice | 1 | PROPERTY | the abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which i am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . |
370 | mismanagement | 1 | PROCESS | as reports returned detailing the mismanagement of the conflict , parliament began to investigate . |
371 | rights | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
372 | family bust | 1 | ENTITY | family bust of aberdeen in westminster abbey by matthew noble lord aberdeen married lady catherine elizabeth ( 10 january 1784 - 29 february 1812 ; daughter of lord abercorn ) on 28 july 1805 . |
373 | sir john herschel | 1 | PERSON | he married caroline herschel ( daughter of sir john herschel , 1st baronet ) on 9 december 1852 . |
374 | votes | 1 | EVENT | the vote was 286 in favour of the budget and 305 votes against the budget . |
375 | cambridge signature george hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
376 | dismemberment | 1 | ACT | this war would eventually be called the crimean war , but throughout the foreign policy negotiations surrounding the dismemberment of the ottoman empire , which would continue throughout the middle and end of nineteenth century , the problem would be referred to as the " eastern question " . |
377 | harewood | 1 | MONEY | after the death of his first wife , aberdeen remarried harriet douglas ( granddaughter of james douglas , 14th earl of morton and edward lascelles , 1st earl of harewood ) on 8 july 1815 . |
378 | superiority | 1 | STATE | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
379 | latter | 1 | UNKNOWN | the first failed to pass ( and was voted against by the general assembly ) but the latter , raised post-schism , became law for scotland and remained in force until patronage of scots livings was abolished in 1874 . |
380 | little hong kong | 1 | PLACE | it was during his second stint as foreign secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' little hong kong ' , on the south side of hong kong island , named after him . |
381 | dictator | 1 | PERSON | bonaparte was the nephew of the famous napoleon bonaparte , who had become dictator and then emperor of france from 1804 until 1814 . |
382 | sons | 1 | PERSON | his daughters died young , and his relations with his sons were difficult . |
383 | january edinburgh | 1 | PLACE |  |
384 | november prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE |  |
385 | duchess | 1 | EVENT | anne hamilton , 3rd duchess of hamilton 2 . |
386 | company | 1 | INSTITUTION | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
387 | consul | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
388 | great britain | 1 | PLACE | january 1784 edinburgh , midlothian , scotland , great britain died 14 december 1860 ( 1860-12-14 ) ( aged 76 ) st james 's , middlesex , england , united kingdom |
389 | premier | 1 | EVENT | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
390 | granddaughter | 1 | PERSON | after the death of his first wife , aberdeen remarried harriet douglas ( granddaughter of james douglas , 14th earl of morton and edward lascelles , 1st earl of harewood ) on 8 july 1815 . |
391 | sister church | 1 | PERSON | in england " he privately considered himself an anglican " ; as early as 1840 he told gladstone he preferred what aberdeen called " the sister church " and when in london worshipped at st james 's piccadilly . |
392 | situation | 1 | SITUATION | nevertheless , britain became increasingly worried about the situation in turkey , and prime minister aberdeen sent lord stratford de redcliffe , a diplomat with vast experience in turkey , as a special envoy to the ottoman empire to guard british interests . |
393 | supply base | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | a russian attack on the allied supply base at balaclava on 25 october 1854 was rebuffed . |
394 | groups | 1 | GROUP | accordingly , those groups suddenly forgot their differences with the whig party and voted with the whigs against the proposed budget . |
395 | regard | 1 | EVENT | given the differences of opinion within the lord aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between britain and france under napoleon iii , it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as louis bonaparte , now assuming the title of emperor napoleon iii . |
396 | bill | 1 | PERSON | he resigned with wellington over the reform bill of 1832 . |
397 | canningite resignations | 1 | EVENT | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
398 | post napoleonic france | 1 | PLACE |  |
399 | george john james hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
400 | power | 1 | POWER | whig government and set the stage for a general election in july 1852 which eventually brought the conservatives to power in a minority government under the earl of derby . |
401 | benjamin disraeli | 1 | PERSON | derby appointed benjamin disraeli as the chancellor of the exchequer for the minority government . |
402 | point | 1 | PLACE | later in 1846 , the united states announced its intention of annexing hawaii , and britain not only complained but sent a naval force to make the point . |
403 | desire | 1 | EVENT | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
404 | knowledge | 1 | STATE | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
405 | fort | 1 | PLACE | the allied troops then moved across the alma river on 20 september 1854 at the battle of alma and set siege to the fort of sevastopol . |
406 | henry bulwer | 1 | PERSON | he worked closely with henry bulwer , his ambassador to madrid , to help arrange marriages for queen isabella and her younger sister the infanta luisa fernanda . |
407 | arts | 1 | BALL | he was educated at harrow , and st john 's college , cambridge , where he graduated with a master of arts in 1804 . |
408 | mary forbes | 1 | PERSON | mary forbes 8 . william gordon , 2nd earl of aberdeen 34 . |
409 | boundaries | 1 | BODY | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
410 | friend william ewart gladstone | 1 | PERSON | his friend william ewart gladstone , said of him that he was " the man in public life of all others whom i have loved . |
411 | charles greville | 1 | PERSON | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
412 | period | 1 | PERIOD | it was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the us : the northeast boundary dispute by the webster-ashburton treaty ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute by the oregon treaty of 1846 . |
413 | law | 1 | PERSON | in july 1815 , he married his former sister-in law harriet , daughter of john douglas , and widow of james hamilton , viscount hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . |
414 | figures | 1 | FIGURE | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
415 | sense | 1 | UNKNOWN | he is said in the last few months of his life , after the crimean war , to have declined to contribute to building a church on his scotland estates because of a sense of guilt in having " shed much blood " , citing biblically king david 's being forbidden to build the temple in jerusalem . |
416 | pity | 1 | EMOTION | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
417 | principles | 1 | EVENT | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
418 | wheat | 1 | LIGHT | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
419 | july prime minister sir robert peel | 1 | PERSON |  |
420 | newbyth | 1 | UNKNOWN | his mother was charlotte , youngest daughter of william baird of newbyth . |
421 | coalition ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | thus lord aberdeen , a peelite , became prime minister and headed a coalition ministry of whigs and peelites . |
422 | ministership | 1 | UNKNOWN | it was under his prime ministership that the revival of the convocations of canterbury and york began , though they did not obtain their potential power until 1859 . |
423 | policies | 1 | RULE | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
424 | william hamilton | 1 | PERSON | william hamilton , duke of hamilton 19 . |
425 | diplomats | 1 | PERSON | he worked well with top european diplomats such as his friends |
426 | ridicule | 1 | ACT | aberdeen was generally successful as a hard-working diplomat , but his reputation has suffered greatly because of the lack of military success in the crimean war and from the ridicule of enemies such as disraeli who regarded him as weak , inefficient , and cold . |
427 | bourbon government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | in paris , he normalized relations with the newly restored bourbon government and convinced london it could be trusted . |
428 | turkish satellite states | 1 | PLACE | in response this latest change of mind by the ottomans , the russians on 2 july 1853 occupied the turkish satellite states of wallachia and moldavia , as they had during the russo-turkish war of 1768-1774 . |
429 | change | 1 | UNKNOWN | as a result , support for the bill dwindled and russell was forced to change his mind again and not introduce any reform bill in 1852 . |
430 | destruction | 1 | RESULT | a russian naval raid on sinope , on 30 november 1853 , resulted in the destruction of the turkish fleet in the battle of sinope . |
431 | george baillie hamilton | 1 | PERSON |  |
432 | harriet douglas ​ ​ | 1 | PERSON | harriet douglas ​ ​ ( m. 1815 ; died 1833 )​ children 9 , including george parent(s ) |
433 | december disraeli | 1 | PERSON |  |
434 | sir robert peel | 1 | PERSON | in office 2 september 1841 - 6 july 1846 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by the viscount palmerston succeeded by the viscount palmerston |
435 | abler | 1 | SPEECH ACT | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
436 | convocations | 1 | UNKNOWN | it was under his prime ministership that the revival of the convocations of canterbury and york began , though they did not obtain their potential power until 1859 . |
437 | note | 1 | ABILITY | without informing the rest of the cabinet or queen victoria , palmerston had sent a private note to the french ambassador endorsing louis bonaparte 's coup and congratulating louis bonaparte himself on the coup . |
438 | office january | 1 | PERIOD |  |
439 | family | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
440 | harriet douglas | 1 | PERSON | harriet douglas ​ ​ ( m. 1815 ; died 1833 )​ children 9 , including george parent(s ) |
441 | lady amelia sophia stanley | 1 | PERSON | lady amelia sophia stanley 9 . |
442 | francis | 1 | PERSON | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
443 | stanmore | 1 | UNKNOWN | resting place st john the evangelist , great stanmore political party peelite ( 1846-1859 ) |
444 | field | 1 | LAND | on 5 november 1854 , russian forces tried to relieve the siege at sevastopol and defeat the allied armies in the field in the battle of inkerman . |
445 | feud | 1 | PERSON | probably as a result of their continuing feud , palmerston declared himself against this reform bill of 1852 . |
446 | foreign service | 1 | INSTITUTION | following the death of his wife from tuberculosis in 1812 he joined the foreign service . |
447 | prime minister wellington | 1 | PERSON | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
448 | boundary | 1 | BODY | it was probably the most productive period of his career ; he settled two disagreements with the us : the northeast boundary dispute by the webster-ashburton treaty ( 1842 ) , and the oregon dispute by the oregon treaty of 1846 . |
449 | republican leaders | 1 | PERSON | consequently , on 2 december 1851 , shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire , bonaparte staged a coup against the second republic in france , disbanded the elected constituent assembly , arrested some of the republican leaders , and declared himself emperor napoleon iii of france . |
450 | william baird charlotte | 1 | PERSON |  |
451 | canning | 1 | PERSON | canning 's death and wellington 's impulsive acceptance of the canningite resignations " led to his becoming foreign secretary for prime minister wellington in 1828 despite " an almost ludicrous lack of official experience " ; he had been a minister for less than six months . |
452 | distress | 1 | INSTANCE | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
453 | james douglas | 1 | PERSON | after the death of his first wife , aberdeen remarried harriet douglas ( granddaughter of james douglas , 14th earl of morton and edward lascelles , 1st earl of harewood ) on 8 july 1815 . |
454 | viscount gordon | 1 | PERSON | returning home he was created a peer of the united kingdom as viscount gordon , of aberdeen in the county of aberdeen ( 1814 ) , and made a member of the privy council . |
455 | inquiry | 1 | ACT | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
456 | painting | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the coalition aberdeen ministry of 1854 after a painting by sir john gilbert , 1855 |
457 | haddo | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
458 | road | 1 | PLACE | the whole road from prague to was covered with waggons full of wounded , dead , and dying . |
459 | insult | 1 | SPEECH | in 1854 , an american naval vessel bombarded the mosquito port of greytown , nicaragua in retaliation for an insult ; britain protested . |
460 | disputes | 1 | DISPUTE | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
461 | forces | 1 | FORCE | on 5 november 1854 , russian forces tried to relieve the siege at sevastopol and defeat the allied armies in the field in the battle of inkerman . |
462 | british fleet | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen ordered the british fleet to constantinople and later into the black sea . |
463 | attempts | 1 | ACTION | had it not been for the incessant attempts of ld john russell to keep up party differences , it must be acknowledged that the experiment of a coalition had succeeded admirably . |
464 | lord aberdeen cabinet | 1 | PERSON | given the differences of opinion within the lord aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between britain and france under napoleon iii , it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as louis bonaparte , now assuming the title of emperor napoleon iii . |
465 | hand | 1 | PROCESS | aberdeen was greatly affected by the aftermath of war which he witnessed at first hand . |
466 | dissatisfaction | 1 | CAUSE | dissatisfaction as to the course of the war grew in england . |
467 | lady catherine hamilton | 1 | PERSON | spouses * lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ * |
468 | aberdeen government | 1 | GOVERNMENT | the result was that the weak aberdeen government went to war with russia as the result of internal british political rivalries . |
469 | banks | 1 | PLACE | almost immediately , the russian troops deployed along the northern banks of the danube river , implying that they might cross the river . |
470 | retaliation | 1 | ACT | in 1854 , an american naval vessel bombarded the mosquito port of greytown , nicaragua in retaliation for an insult ; britain protested . |
471 | morton | 1 | PERSON | after the death of his first wife , aberdeen remarried harriet douglas ( granddaughter of james douglas , 14th earl of morton and edward lascelles , 1st earl of harewood ) on 8 july 1815 . |
472 | temple | 1 | PERSON | he is said in the last few months of his life , after the crimean war , to have declined to contribute to building a church on his scotland estates because of a sense of guilt in having " shed much blood " , citing biblically king david 's being forbidden to build the temple in jerusalem . |
473 | morocco | 1 | PLACE | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
474 | st. james | 1 | PERSON | lord aberdeen died at argyll house , st. james 's , london , on 14 december 1860 , and was buried in the family vault at stanmore church . |
475 | sir john gilbert | 1 | PERSON | the coalition aberdeen ministry of 1854 after a painting by sir john gilbert , 1855 |
476 | stint | 1 | PERIOD | it was during his second stint as foreign secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' little hong kong ' , on the south side of hong kong island , named after him . |
477 | emperor | 1 | PERSON | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
478 | religion | 1 | UNKNOWN | baird 7 . alicia johnstone religious interests aberdeen 's biographer muriel chamberlain summarises , " religion never came easy to him " . |
479 | possibilities | 1 | AGREEMENT | we discussed future possibilities & agreed that nothing remained to be done , but to offer the govt to ld derby,... " . |
480 | charles arbuthnot personal details born george gordon | 1 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the lord bexley succeeded by charles arbuthnot personal details born george gordon ( 1784-01-28) 28 |
481 | home secretary | 1 | PERSON | accordingly , on 28 december 1852 , aberdeen appointed palmerston as home secretary and appointed russell as foreign minister . |
482 | july prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE |  |
483 | party differences | 1 | RESULT | had it not been for the incessant attempts of ld john russell to keep up party differences , it must be acknowledged that the experiment of a coalition had succeeded admirably . |
484 | international relations | 1 | RELATION | further information : international relations of the great powers ( 1814-1919 ) |
485 | seat | 1 | EVENT | in december 1805 , lord aberdeen took his seat as a tory scottish representative peer in the house of lords . |
486 | experiment | 1 | COLLECTION | had it not been for the incessant attempts of ld john russell to keep up party differences , it must be acknowledged that the experiment of a coalition had succeeded admirably . |
487 | tuberculosis | 1 | DISEASE | following the death of his wife from tuberculosis in 1812 he joined the foreign service . |
488 | river | 1 | PERSON | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
489 | english bards | 1 | REPUTATION | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
490 | prime minister lord john russell | 1 | PERSON | lord palmerston at the time of louis bonaparte 's 2 december 1851 coup was serving as the secretary of state for foreign affairs in the whig government of prime minister lord john russell . |
491 | misery | 1 | CONDITION | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
492 | scholar | 1 | PERSON | apart from his political career , aberdeen was also a scholar of the classical civilisations , who published an inquiry into the principles of beauty in grecian architecture ( london , 1822 ) and was referred to by his cousin lord byron in his english bards and scotch reviewers ( 1809 ) as " the travell 'd thane , athenian aberdeen . " |
493 | prime minister aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | nevertheless , britain became increasingly worried about the situation in turkey , and prime minister aberdeen sent lord stratford de redcliffe , a diplomat with vast experience in turkey , as a special envoy to the ottoman empire to guard british interests . |
494 | troubles | 1 | STATE | simmering troubles on numerous issues with the united states were ended by friendly compromises . |
495 | envoy | 1 | STATE | nevertheless , britain became increasingly worried about the situation in turkey , and prime minister aberdeen sent lord stratford de redcliffe , a diplomat with vast experience in turkey , as a special envoy to the ottoman empire to guard british interests . |
496 | policy issues | 1 | QUESTION | one of the foreign policy issues on which palmerston and russell disagreed was the type of relationship that britain should have with france and especially france 's ruler , louis-napoléon bonaparte . |
497 | vigour | 1 | PERSON | my conscience upbraids me the more , because seeing , as i did from the first , all that was to be apprehended , it is possible that by a little more energy and vigour , not on the danube , but in downing street , it might have been prevented . |
498 | compromise bills | 1 | PERSON | in the house of lords , in 1840 and 1843 , he raised two compromise bills to allow presbyteries but not congregations the right of veto . |
499 | piccadilly | 1 | UNKNOWN | in england " he privately considered himself an anglican " ; as early as 1840 he told gladstone he preferred what aberdeen called " the sister church " and when in london worshipped at st james 's piccadilly . |
500 | creole case | 1 | STUDY | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
501 | töplitz | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to austria , and signed the treaty of töplitz between britain and austria in vienna in october 1813 . |
502 | consumer products | 1 | RESULT | these members agreed with the peelites on the repeal of the " corn laws " , but they felt that the tariffs on all consumer products should be removed . |
503 | mary collett george hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
504 | lord shaftesbury | 1 | PERSON | both resulted from lord shaftesbury 's canvassing with substantial public support . |
505 | border dispute | 1 | DISPUTE | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
506 | cambridge | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
507 | coalition aberdeen ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | the coalition aberdeen ministry of 1854 after a painting by sir john gilbert , 1855 |
508 | ambassador extraordinary | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to austria , and signed the treaty of töplitz between britain and austria in vienna in october 1813 . |
509 | trade | 1 | PERSON | while the peelites agreed with the whigs on issues dealing with international trade , there were other issues on which the peelites disagreed with the whigs . |
510 | prince menshikov | 1 | PERSON | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
511 | anglican | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
512 | thomas lawrence | 1 | PERSON | political career , 1828-1852 portrait of lord aberdeen by thomas lawrence , 1830 lord aberdeen c. |
513 | efforts | 1 | ACTION | despite his efforts to avoid this happening , his ministry took britain into the crimean war , and fell when the war 's conduct became unpopular . |
514 | william gordon | 1 | PERSON | mary forbes 8 . william gordon , 2nd earl of aberdeen 34 . |
515 | reverend hon | 1 | PERSON | * lady frances hamilton-gordon ( 4 december 1818 - 20 april 1834 ) died aged 15 * reverend hon . |
516 | exchequer | 1 | AMOUNT | derby appointed benjamin disraeli as the chancellor of the exchequer for the minority government . |
517 | against | 1 | UNKNOWN | his diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against napoleon in 1812-1814 , normalizing relations with post-napoleonic france , settling the old border dispute between canada and the united states , and ending the first opium war with china in 1842 , whereby hong kong was obtained . |
518 | oregon boundary | 1 | PLACE | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
519 | congress | 1 | STATE | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
520 | leipzig | 1 | PLACE | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
521 | violation | 1 | ACT | russia protested the turkish agreement with the french as a violation of the treaty of küçük kaynarca of 1778 , which ended the russo-turkish war ( 1768-1774 ) . |
522 | lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
523 | type | 1 | UNKNOWN | one of the foreign policy issues on which palmerston and russell disagreed was the type of relationship that britain should have with france and especially france 's ruler , louis-napoléon bonaparte . |
524 | john douglas | 1 | UNKNOWN | in july 1815 , he married his former sister-in-law harriet , daughter of john douglas , and widow of james hamilton , viscount hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . |
525 | stage | 1 | STAGE | whig government and set the stage for a general election in july 1852 which eventually brought the conservatives to power in a minority government under the earl of derby . |
526 | schism | 1 | SITUATION | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
527 | alma river | 1 | PERSON | the allied troops then moved across the alma river on 20 september 1854 at the battle of alma and set siege to the fort of sevastopol . |
528 | attention | 1 | ELEMENT | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
529 | june prime minister | 1 | HUMAN ROLE |  |
530 | john arthur roebuck | 1 | PERSON | on 29 january 1855 , john arthur roebuck introduced a motion for the appointment of a select committee to enquire into the conduct of the war . |
531 | face value | 1 | VALUE | aberdeen accepted russian arguments at face value because he sympathised with russian interests against french pressure and was not in favour of the crimean war . |
532 | stanmore church | 1 | PERSON | lord aberdeen died at argyll house , st. james 's , london , on 14 december 1860 , and was buried in the family vault at stanmore church . |
533 | affiliations liberal | 1 | PERSON | other political affiliations liberal ( 1859-1860 ) conservative ( 1834-1846 ) tory ( before 1834 ) |
534 | consolation | 1 | INSTANCE | the abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which i am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . |
535 | coalition victory | 1 | PERSON | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
536 | settlement | 1 | LANGUAGE | it was during his second stint as foreign secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' little hong kong ' , on the south side of hong kong island , named after him . |
537 | alma | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
538 | caroline herschel | 1 | PERSON | he married caroline herschel ( daughter of sir john herschel , 1st baronet ) on 9 december 1852 . |
539 | ruler | 1 | PLACE | one of the foreign policy issues on which palmerston and russell disagreed was the type of relationship that britain should have with france and especially france 's ruler , louis-napoléon bonaparte . |
540 | knight | 1 | PERSON | in 1808 , he was created a knight of the thistle . |
541 | center | 1 | UNKNOWN | he brought britain into the center of continental diplomacy on critical issues , such as the local wars in greece , portugal , and belgium . |
542 | guilt | 1 | INSTANCE | he is said in the last few months of his life , after the crimean war , to have declined to contribute to building a church on his scotland estates because of a sense of guilt in having " shed much blood " , citing biblically king david 's being forbidden to build the temple in jerusalem . |
543 | conscience | 1 | EVENT | my conscience upbraids me the more , because seeing , as i did from the first , all that was to be apprehended , it is possible that by a little more energy and vigour , not on the danube , but in downing street , it might have been prevented . |
544 | lady frances hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
545 | ultimatum | 1 | EVENT | when russia ignored an anglo-french ultimatum to abandon the danubian provinces , britain and france declared war on russia on 28 march 1854 . |
546 | adventure | 1 | ENTITY | some british government officials felt that louis bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , napoleon i . |
547 | university | 1 | INSTITUTION | he was appointed chancellor of the university of aberdeen in 1827 and was president of the society of antiquaries of london . |
548 | feeling | 1 | ACTIVITY | palmerston stirred up anti-reform feeling in parliament and pro-war public opinion to out-maneuver russell . |
549 | reputation | 1 | REPUTATION | aberdeen was generally successful as a hard-working diplomat , but his reputation has suffered greatly because of the lack of military success in the crimean war and from the ridicule of enemies such as disraeli who regarded him as weak , inefficient , and cold . |
550 | basis | 1 | GROUP | in 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician ferdinand mount used george gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , umbrella . |
551 | madrid | 1 | PLACE | he worked closely with henry bulwer , his ambassador to madrid , to help arrange marriages for queen isabella and her younger sister the infanta luisa fernanda . |
552 | lady alice hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
553 | politicians | 1 | PERSON | the aberdeen ministry was filled with powerful and talented politicians , whom aberdeen was largely unable to control and direct . |
554 | infanta luisa fernanda | 1 | PERSON | he worked closely with henry bulwer , his ambassador to madrid , to help arrange marriages for queen isabella and her younger sister the infanta luisa fernanda . |
555 | canterbury | 1 | PLACE | it was under his prime ministership that the revival of the convocations of canterbury and york began , though they did not obtain their potential power until 1859 . |
556 | lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ | 1 | PERSON | spouses * lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ * |
557 | expansion | 1 | ACT | in 1832 , russell had been nicknamed " finality john " because of his statement that the 1832 reform act had just been approved by both the house of commons and the house of lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in britain . |
558 | democrats | 1 | UNKNOWN | this coup upset many democrats in england as well as in france . |
559 | specialist | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
560 | matthew noble lord aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | family bust of aberdeen in westminster abbey by matthew noble lord aberdeen married lady catherine elizabeth ( 10 january 1784 - 29 february 1812 ; daughter of lord abercorn ) on 28 july 1805 . |
561 | fear | 1 | EMOTION | the abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which i am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . |
562 | solve | 1 | ACT | aberdeen helped solve the oregon dispute amicably in 1846 . |
563 | ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | the aberdeen ministry was filled with powerful and talented politicians , whom aberdeen was largely unable to control and direct . |
564 | anne hamilton | 1 | PERSON | anne hamilton , 3rd duchess of hamilton 2 . |
565 | ballot | 1 | PROCESS | there would be no further extension of the ballot to the common people of britain . |
566 | châtillon | 1 | UNKNOWN | he became one of the central diplomatic figures in european diplomacy at this time , and he was one of the british representatives at the congress of châtillon in february 1814 , and at the negotiations which led to the treaty of paris in may of that year . |
567 | whig heir | 1 | PERSON | during the administration , much trouble was caused by the rivalry between palmerston and russell , and over the course of it palmerston managed to out-manoeuvre russell to emerge as the whig heir apparent . |
568 | family vault | 1 | PERSON | lord aberdeen died at argyll house , st. james 's , london , on 14 december 1860 , and was buried in the family vault at stanmore church . |
569 | office june | 1 | PERIOD |  |
570 | edward lascelles | 1 | PERSON | after the death of his first wife , aberdeen remarried harriet douglas ( granddaughter of james douglas , 14th earl of morton and edward lascelles , 1st earl of harewood ) on 8 july 1815 . |
571 | guizot | 1 | PERSON | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
572 | street | 1 | PLACE | my conscience upbraids me the more , because seeing , as i did from the first , all that was to be apprehended , it is possible that by a little more energy and vigour , not on the danube , but in downing street , it might have been prevented . |
573 | accidents | 1 | PERSON | his rise in politics was equally rapid and lucky , and " two accidents — |
574 | cause | 1 | CAUSE | the abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which i am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . |
575 | revival | 1 | PERSON | it was under his prime ministership that the revival of the convocations of canterbury and york began , though they did not obtain their potential power until 1859 . |
576 | north | 1 | PLACE | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
577 | lady mary baillie | 1 | PERSON | he married lady mary baillie ( younger sister of george baillie-hamilton , 10th earl of haddington ) on 5 november 1840 . |
578 | lord bexley | 1 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the lord bexley succeeded by charles arbuthnot personal details born george gordon ( 1784-01-28) 28 |
579 | right honourable the earl | 1 | PERSON | the right honourable the earl of aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen in july 1860 prime minister of the united kingdom |
580 | disgust | 1 | PERSON | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
581 | friendship | 1 | RELATIONSHIP | he sought better relations with france , relying on his friendship with guizot , but britain was annoyed with france on a series of issues , especially french colonial policies , the right to search slave ships , the french desire to control belgium , disputes in the pacific and the french intervention in morocco . |
582 | uncle | 1 | RELATION | some british government officials felt that louis bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , napoleon i . |
583 | african slave trade | 1 | PERSON | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
584 | call | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
585 | construction | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
586 | inkerman | 1 | UNKNOWN | on 5 november 1854 , russian forces tried to relieve the siege at sevastopol and defeat the allied armies in the field in the battle of inkerman . |
587 | commission | 1 | INSTANCE | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
588 | majority | 1 | PROPERTY | this motion was carried by the large majority of 305 in favour and 148 against . |
589 | county | 1 | PLACE | returning home he was created a peer of the united kingdom as viscount gordon , of aberdeen in the county of aberdeen ( 1814 ) , and made a member of the privy council . |
590 | great irish famine | 1 | PERSON | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
591 | oswald hanson catherine elizabeth hanson | 1 | PERSON |  |
592 | team | 1 | EVENT | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
593 | lady charlotte catherine hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
594 | churches | 1 | PERSON | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
595 | greytown | 1 | PLACE | in 1854 , an american naval vessel bombarded the mosquito port of greytown , nicaragua in retaliation for an insult ; britain protested . |
596 | role | 1 | ROLE | after holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as foreign secretary again under robert peel for a longer term . |
597 | lady anna susan murray | 1 | PERSON | lady anna susan murray 38 . |
598 | embassy | 1 | FUNCTION | after 1812 he became a diplomat , and in 1813 , at age 29 , was given the critically important embassy to vienna , where he organised and financed the sixth coalition that defeated napoleon . |
599 | novel | 1 | EVENT | in 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician ferdinand mount used george gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , umbrella . |
600 | windsor castle | 1 | PERSON | in visiting windsor castle to resign , he told the queen : " nothing could have been better , he said than the feeling of the members towards each other . |
601 | scots | 1 | MONEY | scots landowning capacity |
602 | constituent assembly | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | consequently , on 2 december 1851 , shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire , bonaparte staged a coup against the second republic in france , disbanded the elected constituent assembly , arrested some of the republican leaders , and declared himself emperor napoleon iii of france . |
603 | parents | 1 | PERSON | born into a wealthy family with the largest estates in scotland , his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven , and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage . |
604 | calamities | 1 | STATE | the abstract justice of the cause , although indisputable , is but a poor consolation for the inevitable calamities of all war , or for a decision which i am not without fear may prove to have been impolitic and unwise . |
605 | washington | 1 | PLACE | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
606 | peninsula | 1 | UNKNOWN | in september 1854 , british and french troops landed on the crimean peninsula at eupatoria , north of sevastopol . |
607 | nicaragua | 1 | PLACE | in 1854 , an american naval vessel bombarded the mosquito port of greytown , nicaragua in retaliation for an insult ; britain protested . |
608 | speaker | 1 | CONCEPT | aberdeen was a poor speaker , but this scarcely mattered in the house of lords . |
609 | men | 1 | PERSON | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
610 | louis napoléon bonaparte | 1 | PERSON |  |
611 | ireland | 1 | PLACE | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
612 | landowner | 1 | PERSON | george gordon , lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john 's college , cambridge signature george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen ( 28 january 1784 - 14 december 1860 ) , styled lord haddo from 1791 to 1801 , was a british statesman , diplomat and landowner , successively a tory , conservative and peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs . |
613 | spirit | 1 | STATE | some british government officials felt that louis bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , napoleon i . |
614 | january monarch victoria | 1 | PERSON |  |
615 | douglas hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
616 | opium wars | 1 | EVENT | he played a central role in winning the opium wars against china , gaining control of hong kong in the process . |
617 | decline | 1 | ACT | however , other british government officials were beginning to worry more about the rising political dominance of the russian empire in eastern europe and the corresponding decline of the ottoman empire . |
618 | king david | 1 | PERSON | he is said in the last few months of his life , after the crimean war , to have declined to contribute to building a church on his scotland estates because of a sense of guilt in having " shed much blood " , citing biblically king david 's being forbidden to build the temple in jerusalem . |
619 | winner | 1 | PERSON | the general election in july 1852 had no clear winner . |
620 | lady ellen douglas | 1 | PERSON | he married lady ellen douglas ( maternal first cousin ) on 15 july 1851 . |
621 | thomas spring rice | 1 | PERSON | in office 20 december 1834 - 8 april 1835 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by thomas spring rice succeeded by the lord glenelg chancellor of the duchy of lancaster |
622 | tarbrax george gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
623 | fact | 1 | UNKNOWN | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
624 | great powers | 1 | PERSON | further information : international relations of the great powers ( 1814-1919 ) |
625 | light | 1 | LIGHT | in light of the french show of force , the turks , again , reversed themselves and recognised the french right to protect the christian sites . |
626 | evangelist | 1 | PERSON | resting place st john the evangelist , great stanmore political party peelite ( 1846-1859 ) |
627 | nations | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen , as foreign secretary in 1845 , had himself tacitly authorised the construction of the first anglican church in jerusalem , following his predecessor 's commission in 1838 of the first european consul in jerusalem on britain 's behalf , which lead to series of successive appointments by other nations . |
628 | office september | 1 | PERIOD |  |
629 | haddington | 1 | PLACE | he married lady mary baillie ( younger sister of george baillie-hamilton , 10th earl of haddington ) on 5 november 1840 . |
630 | scots livings | 1 | PERSON | the first failed to pass ( and was voted against by the general assembly ) but the latter , raised post-schism , became law for scotland and remained in force until patronage of scots livings was abolished in 1874 . |
631 | lady jane hamilton gordon | 1 | PERSON |  |
632 | century | 1 | PERIOD | this war would eventually be called the crimean war , but throughout the foreign policy negotiations surrounding the dismemberment of the ottoman empire , which would continue throughout the middle and end of nineteenth century , the problem would be referred to as the " eastern question " . |
633 | john partridge lord aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | 1847 by john partridge lord aberdeen served as chancellor of the duchy of lancaster between january and june 1828 and subsequently as foreign secretary until 1830 under the duke of wellington . |
634 | disraeli | 1 | PERSON | derby appointed benjamin disraeli as the chancellor of the exchequer for the minority government . |
635 | middle | 1 | PLACE | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
636 | novelist | 1 | PERSON | in 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician ferdinand mount used george gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , umbrella . |
637 | port | 1 | PLACE | thus maine got most of the disputed land , but canada obtained a vital , strategic strip of land connecting it to a warm water port . |
638 | harrow | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | he was educated at harrow , and st john 's college , cambridge , where he graduated with a master of arts in 1804 . |
639 | harbor settlement | 1 | PERSON | it was during his second stint as foreign secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' little hong kong ' , on the south side of hong kong island , named after him . |
640 | napoleon bonaparte | 1 | PERSON | bonaparte was the nephew of the famous napoleon bonaparte , who had become dictator and then emperor of france from 1804 until 1814 . |
641 | third | 1 | PROCESS | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
642 | portugal | 1 | PLACE | he brought britain into the center of continental diplomacy on critical issues , such as the local wars in greece , portugal , and belgium . |
643 | districts | 1 | CONCEPT | russell had said , in january 1852 , that he intended to introduce a new reform bill into the house of commons which would equalise the populations of the districts from which members of parliament were elected . |
644 | dour | 1 | PERSON | he exhibited a " dour , awkward , occasionally sarcastic exterior " . |
645 | ships of the line | 1 | PERSON |  |
646 | turkish controlled provinces | 1 | ENTITY |  |
647 | ​ children | 1 | PERSON |  |
648 | process | 1 | PROCESS | he played a central role in winning the opium wars against china , gaining control of hong kong in the process . |
649 | troops | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | almost immediately , the russian troops deployed along the northern banks of the danube river , implying that they might cross the river . |
650 | french troops | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | in september 1854 , british and french troops landed on the crimean peninsula at eupatoria , north of sevastopol . |
651 | politician ferdinand mount | 1 | PERSON | in 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician ferdinand mount used george gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , umbrella . |
652 | naval vessel | 1 | PERSON | in 1854 , an american naval vessel bombarded the mosquito port of greytown , nicaragua in retaliation for an insult ; britain protested . |
653 | ancestry ancestors | 1 | GROUP | ancestry ancestors of george hamilton-gordon , 4th earl of aberdeen 32 . |
654 | rachel emily shaw lefevre | 1 | PERSON |  |
655 | hong kong island | 1 | PLACE | it was during his second stint as foreign secretary that he had the harbor settlement of ' little hong kong ' , on the south side of hong kong island , named after him . |
656 | bread prices | 1 | PERSON | furthermore , 36 members of parliament elected in 1847 were members of the " irish brigade " , who voted with the peelites and the whigs for the repeal of the corn laws because they sought an end the great irish famine by means of cheaper wheat and bread prices for the poor and middle classes in ireland . |
657 | kind | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
658 | constantinople | 1 | UNKNOWN | aberdeen ordered the british fleet to constantinople and later into the black sea . |
659 | shock | 1 | EVENT | the shock and disgust and pity produced by such scenes are beyond what i could have supposed possible...the scenes of distress and misery have sunk deeper in my mind . |
660 | columnist | 1 | NUMBER | in 1994 the novelist , columnist , and politician ferdinand mount used george gordon 's life as the basis for a historical novel , umbrella . |
661 | henry dundas | 1 | PERSON | october 1791 and his mother in 1795 , and he was brought up by henry dundas , 1st viscount melville , and william pitt the younger . |
662 | revenge | 1 | FORM | in february 1852 , palmerston took revenge on russell by voting with the conservatives in a " no confidence " vote against the russell government . |
663 | leadership | 1 | PERSON | because the leadership of the minority government had made the vote on the budget vote a vote of confidence , the defeat of the disraeli budget was a " vote of no confidence " in the minority government and meant its downfall . |
664 | ld john russell | 1 | PERSON | had it not been for the incessant attempts of ld john russell to keep up party differences , it must be acknowledged that the experiment of a coalition had succeeded admirably . |
665 | spouses | 1 | PERSON | spouses * lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ ( m. 1805 ; died 1812 ) ​ * |
666 | allied troops | 1 | HUMAN GROUP | the allied troops then moved across the alma river on 20 september 1854 at the battle of alma and set siege to the fort of sevastopol . |
667 | viscount hamilton | 1 | PERSON | in july 1815 , he married his former sister-in-law harriet , daughter of john douglas , and widow of james hamilton , viscount hamilton ; the marriage was much less happy than his first . |
668 | name | 1 | NAME | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
669 | controversy | 1 | UNKNOWN | because of the controversy surrounding palmerston 's removal as secretary of state for foreign affairs , palmerston could not now be appointed foreign minister again so soon after his removal from that position . |
670 | antiquaries | 1 | UNKNOWN | he was appointed chancellor of the university of aberdeen in 1827 and was president of the society of antiquaries of london . |
671 | direction | 1 | DIRECTION | given the differences of opinion within the lord aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between britain and france under napoleon iii , it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as louis bonaparte , now assuming the title of emperor napoleon iii . |
672 | nephew | 1 | PERSON | bonaparte was the nephew of the famous napoleon bonaparte , who had become dictator and then emperor of france from 1804 until 1814 . |
673 | john hamilton | 1 | PERSON | in 1805 , he married lady catherine elizabeth , daughter of john hamilton , 1st marquess of abercorn . |
674 | resignation | 1 | EVENT | russell requested palmerston 's resignation and palmerston reluctantly provided it . |
675 | daniel webster | 1 | PERSON | relations with the united states british-american relations had been troublesome under palmerston , but aberdeen proved much more conciliatory , and worked well with daniel webster , the american secretary of state who was himself an anglophile . |
676 | united kingdom resting place st john | 1 | PERSON |  |
677 | presbyterian | 1 | UNKNOWN | " north of the border , he considered himself ex officio a presbyterian " . |
678 | rivalries | 1 | PERSON | the result was that the weak aberdeen government went to war with russia as the result of internal british political rivalries . |
679 | robert peel | 1 | PERSON | in office 2 september 1841 - 6 july 1846 prime minister sir robert peel preceded by the viscount palmerston succeeded by the viscount palmerston |
680 | danube | 1 | PERSON | prince menshikov called the attention of the turks to the fact that during the russo-turkish war , the russians had occupied the turkish-controlled provinces of wallachia and moldavia on the north bank of the danube river , and he reminded them that pursuant to the treaty of küçük kaynarca , the russians had returned these " danubian provinces " to ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the christian sites in the holy land . |
681 | aberdeen ministry | 1 | INSTITUTION | the aberdeen ministry was filled with powerful and talented politicians , whom aberdeen was largely unable to control and direct . |
682 | triumphs | 1 | ABSTRACT ENTITY | before the crimean debacle that ended his career , aberdeen scored numerous diplomatic triumphs , starting in 1813-14 when as ambassador to the austrian empire he negotiated the alliances and financing that led to the defeat of napoleon . |
683 | american secretary | 1 | PERSON | relations with the united states british-american relations had been troublesome under palmerston , but aberdeen proved much more conciliatory , and worked well with daniel webster , the american secretary of state who was himself an anglophile . |
684 | populations | 1 | PERSON | russell had said , in january 1852 , that he intended to introduce a new reform bill into the house of commons which would equalise the populations of the districts from which members of parliament were elected . |
685 | great lakes | 1 | PERSON | in 1842 , aberdeen sent lord ashburton to washington to settle all disputes , especially the border between canada and maine , the boundary along the great lakes , the oregon boundary , the african slave trade , the caroline affair about boundaries in 1837 and the creole case of 1841 involving a slave revolt on the high seas . |
686 | equal | 1 | PERSON | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
687 | austrian empire | 1 | PERSON | before the crimean debacle that ended his career , aberdeen scored numerous diplomatic triumphs , starting in 1813-14 when as ambassador to the austrian empire he negotiated the alliances and financing that led to the defeat of napoleon . |
688 | spain | 1 | PLACE | they helped stabilize spain 's internal and external relations . |
689 | alliances | 1 | STATE | before the crimean debacle that ended his career , aberdeen scored numerous diplomatic triumphs , starting in 1813-14 when as ambassador to the austrian empire he negotiated the alliances and financing that led to the defeat of napoleon . |
690 | attack | 1 | EVENT | a russian attack on the allied supply base at balaclava on 25 october 1854 was rebuffed . |
691 | prince alexander sergeyevich menshikov | 1 | PERSON | accordingly , on 7 may 1853 , the russians sent prince alexander sergeyevich menshikov , one their premier statesmen , to negotiate a settlement of the issue . |
692 | faction | 1 | GROUP | however , he was unable to resist the pressure that was being exerted on him by palmerston 's faction . |
693 | observer | 1 | PLACE | in the company of the austrian emperor , francis ii , he was an observer at the decisive coalition victory of the battle of leipzig in october 1813 ; he had met napoleon in his earlier travels . |
694 | cabinet role | 1 | ROLE | after holding the position for two years , followed by another cabinet role , by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as foreign secretary again under robert peel for a longer term . |
695 | return | 1 | ABILITY | on his return to britain , he founded the society of athenian travellers . |
696 | reform act | 1 | ACT | in 1832 , russell had been nicknamed " finality john " because of his statement that the 1832 reform act had just been approved by both the house of commons and the house of lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in britain . |
697 | talent | 1 | EVENT | the queen continued to criticise lord john russell for his behaviour for the rest of his life ; on his death in 1878 her journal records that he was " a man of much talent , who leaves a name behind him , kind , & good , with a great knowledge of the constitution , who behaved very well , on many trying occasions ; but he was impulsive , very selfish ( as shown on many occasions , especially during ld aberdeen 's administration ) vain , & often reckless & imprudent " . |
698 | disruption | 1 | EVENT | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
699 | grandfather | 1 | PERSON | before this , however , he had become earl of aberdeen on his grandfather 's death in 1801 , and had travelled all over europe . |
700 | statement | 1 | STATEMENT | in 1832 , russell had been nicknamed " finality john " because of his statement that the 1832 reform act had just been approved by both the house of commons and the house of lords would be the " final " expansion of the vote in britain . |
701 | sir james graham | 1 | PERSON | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
702 | question | 1 | QUESTION | the " eastern question " |
703 | government officials | 1 | UNKNOWN | some british government officials felt that louis bonaparte was seeking foreign adventure in the spirit of his uncle , napoleon i . |
704 | blood | 1 | STATE | he is said in the last few months of his life , after the crimean war , to have declined to contribute to building a church on his scotland estates because of a sense of guilt in having " shed much blood " , citing biblically king david 's being forbidden to build the temple in jerusalem . |
705 | patronage | 1 | PERSON | the first failed to pass ( and was voted against by the general assembly ) but the latter , raised post-schism , became law for scotland and remained in force until patronage of scots livings was abolished in 1874 . |
706 | ambassador endorsing louis bonaparte | 1 | PERSON | without informing the rest of the cabinet or queen victoria , palmerston had sent a private note to the french ambassador endorsing louis bonaparte 's coup and congratulating louis bonaparte himself on the coup . |
707 | association | 1 | INSTITUTION | consequently , these officials felt that any close association with bonaparte would eventually lead britain into another series of wars , like the wars with france and napoleon dating from 1793 until 1815 . |
708 | dudley | 1 | PERSON | the duke of wellington preceded by the earl of dudley succeeded by the viscount palmerston secretary of state for war and the colonies |
709 | order | 1 | GARMENT | in order to form the coalition government , the earl of aberdeen had been required to appoint both palmerston and russell to his cabinet . |
710 | opinions | 1 | AMOUNT | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
711 | armies | 1 | FORCE | on 5 november 1854 , russian forces tried to relieve the siege at sevastopol and defeat the allied armies in the field in the battle of inkerman . |
712 | group | 1 | GROUP | russell was the leader of the whig party , the largest group in the coalition government . |
713 | charlemagne | 1 | PERSON | the french sent one of their premier ships-of-the-line , the charlemagne , to the black sea as a show of force . |
714 | memoirs | 1 | UNKNOWN | charles greville wrote in his memoirs , " in the present cabinet are five or six first-rate men of equal , or nearly equal , pretensions , none of them likely to acknowledge the superiority or defer to the opinions of any other , and every one of these five or six considering himself abler and more important than their premier " ; and sir james graham wrote , " it is a powerful team , but it will require good driving " , which aberdeen was unable to provide . |
715 | post schism | 1 | SITUATION |  |
716 | response | 1 | ACT | in response this latest change of mind by the ottomans , the russians on 2 july 1853 occupied the turkish satellite states of wallachia and moldavia , as they had during the russo-turkish war of 1768-1774 . |
717 | veto | 1 | PERSON | he was a member of the general assembly of the church of scotland from 1818 to 1828 and exercised his existing rights to present ministers to parishes on his scottish estates through a time when the right of churches to veto the appointment or ' call ' of a minister became so contentious as to lead in 1843 to the schism known as " the disruption " when a third of ministers broke away to form the free church of scotland . |
718 | party members | 1 | PERSON | in august 1847 , a general election of parliament had been held which resulted in the election of 325 tory/conservative party members to parliament . |
719 | conservative | 1 | PERSON | other political affiliations liberal ( 1859-1860 ) conservative ( 1834-1846 ) tory ( before 1834 ) |
720 | april prime minister sir robert peel | 1 | PERSON |  |
721 | presbyteries | 1 | PLACE | in the house of lords , in 1840 and 1843 , he raised two compromise bills to allow presbyteries but not congregations the right of veto . |
722 | lord derby | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen ministry aberdeen in the 1850s following the downfall of the tory/conservative minority government under lord derby in december 1852 , lord aberdeen formed a new government from the coalition of free traders , peelites , and whigs that had voted no confidence in the minority government . |
723 | argyll house | 1 | PLACE | lord aberdeen died at argyll house , st. james 's , london , on 14 december 1860 , and was buried in the family vault at stanmore church . |
724 | aberdeen ministry aberdeen | 1 | PERSON | aberdeen ministry aberdeen in the 1850s following the downfall of the tory/conservative minority government under lord derby in december 1852 , lord aberdeen formed a new government from the coalition of free traders , peelites , and whigs that had voted no confidence in the minority government . |

## Objects sorted by category

Categoría | Objetos
PERSON | ​ children abercorn aberdeen kg kt pc frs frse fsa scot lord aberdeen aberdeen ministry aberdeen accidents affairs affiliations liberal african slave trade alicia johnstone religious interests aberdeen alma alma river ambassador endorsing louis bonaparte american secretary anglican anglican parish church anne hamilton anne lockhart anti reform april prime minister sir robert peel arthur charles hamilton gordon athenian aberdeen athenian travellers atholl austrian emperor austrian empire baronet battle behalf benjamin disraeli bill biographer muriel chamberlain bonaparte bread prices british fleet cambridge cambridge signature george hamilton gordon canning caroline affair caroline herschel chancellor charlemagne charles arbuthnot personal details born george gordon charles greville children church churches coalition victory compromise bills conservative consul corn laws countess course cousin cousin lord byron daniel webster danube danube river daughter daughters december disraeli defer derby dictator diplomat diplomats disgust disraeli dominance douglas hamilton gordon dour dudley duke earl ecclesiastical titles assumption bill edward lascelles emperor emperor napoleon iii enemies equal evangelist exterior family vault father favour feud finality john foreign affairs foreign secretary francis françois guizot friend william ewart gladstone friends klemens von metternich general sir alexander hamilton gordon george baillie hamilton george gordon george hamilton gordon george john james hamilton gordon george lockhart george parent s gladstone granddaughter grandfather great irish famine great lakes great powers guizot haddo hamilton harbor settlement harriet douglas harriet douglas ​ ​ hawaii henry bulwer henry dundas home secretary hong kong infanta luisa fernanda irish brigade james douglas james hamilton january monarch victoria john arthur roebuck john hamilton john murray john partridge lord aberdeen july prime minister sir robert peel king david knight lady alice hamilton gordon lady amelia sophia stanley lady anna susan murray lady catherine elizabeth lady catherine hamilton lady catherine hamilton ​ ​ lady charlotte catherine hamilton gordon lady ellen douglas lady frances hamilton gordon lady jane hamilton gordon lady mary baillie landowner law ld aberdeen ld john russell leader leadership lord abercorn lord aberdeen lord aberdeen cabinet lord ashburton lord bexley lord derby lord glenelg chancellor lord haddo lord haddo charlotte baird alma mater st john lord john russell lord palmerston lord shaftesbury lord stratford de redcliffe lords louis bonaparte louis napoléon bonaparte man marquess mary collett george hamilton gordon mary forbes master matthew noble lord aberdeen member members men minister plenipotentiary morton mother napoleon bonaparte napoleon iii nations naval naval vessel nephew nothing novelist oswald hanson catherine elizabeth hanson parents party members patronage peel peer politician politician ferdinand mount politicians populations portrait president prime minister aberdeen prime minister lord john russell prime minister wellington prince alexander sergeyevich menshikov prince menshikov queen queen isabella queen victoria rachel emily shaw lefevre radical reform reform bill rejection reports republican leaders reverend hon revival right honourable the earl rivalries rivalry river robert peel russell russian empire scholar scotch reviewers scots livings secretary ships of the line sir james graham sir john gilbert sir john gordon sir john herschel sir robert peel sir william molesworth sister sister church sister in law harriet son sons specialist spouses st james st john st. james stanmore church statesman statesmen tarbrax george gordon tariffs temple thistle thomas lawrence thomas spring rice tory tory/conservative party leader trade traders travell turkish fleet united kingdom resting place st john veto vigour viscount gordon viscount hamilton viscount melville viscount palmerston viscount palmerston foreign secretary viscount palmerston secretary wellington westminster abbey whig heir widow wife william baird william baird charlotte william gordon william hamilton william pitt windsor castle winner years aberdeen younger ​
PLACE | aftermath argyll house austria bank banks belgium black sea britain canada canterbury china county edinburgh england eupatoria europe fort france french great britain greece greytown haddington home hong kong island house ireland january edinburgh jerusalem lancaster leipzig little hong kong london madrid maine middle middlesex moldavia morocco nicaragua north observer office oregon boundary oregon treaty ottomans pacific paris point port portugal post napoleonic france prague presbyteries road ruler russia scotland second republic side sinope spain street strip turkey turkish satellite states turks united kingdom united states united states british american relations vienna washington water port york
EVENT | attack cabinet canningite resignations conflict conscience coup crimean debacle crimean war death december coup desire disagreements disruption duchess first opium war happening life napoleon novel opium wars opposition premier principles regard resignation russo turkish war seat seats shock show talent team ultimatum vote votes war wars
ACT | approach conduct constitution decline defeat dismemberment driving expansion grecian architecture inquiry loss marriage marriages pass reform act repeal response retaliation revolt ridicule solve success successes support violation
PERIOD | april august century december february hour january july june march may months november october office december office january office june office september period september stint time year years
STATE | alliances arguments blood calamities congress control debate envoy knowledge ottoman empire rest spirit state superiority trouble troubles
INSTITUTION | aberdeen aberdeen ministry association coalition aberdeen ministry coalition ministry college company foreign service ministry peel ministry society university
PROCESS | ballot downfall election hand intention mismanagement negotiations policy negotiations process removal third
HUMAN GROUP | allied troops committee constituent assembly family french troops general assembly parliament people privy council troops
ABSTRACT ENTITY | balaclava construction harrow kind occasions painting supply base triumphs umbrella
GOVERNMENT | aberdeen government bourbon government coalition government government govt minority government peelite/whig coalition government russell government whig government
GROUP | ancestry ancestors basis coalition faction group groups parishes predecessor
INSTANCE | beauty commission consolation distress guilt instance instructions journal records
QUESTION | eastern question issue issues policy issues question questions trade issues
HUMAN ROLE | foreign minister july prime minister june prime minister minister november prime minister prime minister
ACTION | attempt attempts efforts intervention motion politics
RESULT | consumer products destruction differences exchange party differences result
FORCE | armies force forces tory/conservative party whig party
ENTITY | adventure family bust provinces turkish controlled provinces
SITUATION | extension post schism schism situation
AGREEMENT | agreement compromises possibilities trade agreement
DISPUTE | border dispute boundary dispute disputes oregon dispute
PROPERTY | age justice majority siege
ARTIFACT | capacity reciprocity treaty treaty webster ashburton treaty
AMOUNT | exchequer opinion opinions
STUDY | archaeology case creole case
ELEMENT | attention interest interests
LAND | field holy land land
EMOTION | confidence fear pity
DECISION | appointment appointments decision
STATEMENT | problem problems statement
RELATION | international relations relations uncle
CONCEPT | districts holders speaker
ABILITY | note return
RELATIONSHIP | friendship relationship
LIGHT | light wheat
RANK | ambassador ministers
ROLE | cabinet role role
CAUSE | cause dissatisfaction
BODY | boundaries boundary
CONDITION | condition misery
RULE | policies policy
REPUTATION | english bards reputation
DOCUMENT PART | budget disraeli budget
ARRANGEMENT | administration formation
FORM | mind revenge
MONEY | harewood scots
QUANTITY | career seas
DIRECTION | direction
INFORMATION | information
BALL | arts
ACTIVITY | feeling
NAME | name
SPEECH | insult
DISEASE | tuberculosis
LANGUAGE | settlement
GARMENT | order
DOCUMENT | acceptance
FIGURE | figures
TERM | term
TRUST | trust
ESTATE | estates
POWER | power
COGNITIVE STATE | experience
POSITION | position
USE | light brigade
FUNCTION | embassy
DEFICIENCY | lack
SET | scenes
NUMBER | columnist
SPEECH ACT | abler
VALUE | face value
SERIES | series
SCORE | border
ENERGY | energy
LIQUID | whigs
EFFECT | effects
BRANCH | diplomacy
QUALITY | pretensions
BUILDING | title
OCCURRENCE | pressure
STAGE | stage
COLLECTION | experiment