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Lista de candidatos sometidos a examen:
1) translational (*)
(*) Términos presentes en el nuestro glosario de lingüística
1) Candidate: translational
Is in goldstandard
1
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt220 - : The Dynamic Translation Model (DTM) (Bolaños, 2008) is a conceptual proposal I have been developing for some years now to try to describe the key factors that partake in the process of translation. It is a communicative model that includes the participants in the translational process: initiator or client, translator, original author, and target audience . In monolingual non–mediated communication the original author writes a text that can be directly read by the target audience as they share the same language and a somehow common cultural background. On the contrary, in the case of translation one deals with a mediated communicative process where the original author produces a text in a source language (SLT) that is received by the translator, bilingual and bicultural by definition, who is in charge of producing a translated text in the target language (TLT). The translation is addressed at a target audience that generally is not knowledgeable in the source language and culture. This is a
2
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt220 - : The translational communicative process described in DTM has, besides a contextual level, i.e. historical, cultural and sociopolitical factors where the Translational Norms are active, a textual level where the communicative purpose or intention of the original author, the translator, and the initiator is concretized. The guiding dimension of the text construction is pragmatic, i.e. it follows the general communicative purpose of the active participants in the translational process: what is intended to be achieved by author, translator and initiator . The audience does not actively partake in this part of the process, but a projection of its main features is made by the other participants in terms of anticipating a possible effect to be achieved. According to the prevailing pragmatic dimension, a text type will be produced by the translator. The Default Text Type will be a similar text type to that of the original text. When no equivalent target text type is available the possibility arises
3
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt220 - : In the end, DEP is a benchmark for defining translation, then an abstract concept, which is generally realized partially i.e. a typical translation will display, among other things, the use of foreignizing and domesticating strategies according to the translational norms valid in the target community for a specific period of time. I have analyzed some instances of the concretization of DEP in the translations of Gabriel García Marquez's Cien años de soledad into several languages (Bolaños, 2010). Different translational norms were at work regarding the use of intertextuality (Genette, 1982): paratexts (titles, marginal notes, footnotes, etc .) and metatexts (commentaries or other accompanying texts). For instance, the English translation One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gregory Rabassa includes a family tree (metatext) that is not present in the original. Rabassa explains that he concocted it following the Initiator's (= Editor's) Instruction. The implicit Translational Norm is that family
4
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt52 - : For Pym, based on the information Venuti himself provides, the manipulation consists in presenting a biased picture of reality: "book production increased and translation production increased. 'And', not 'but'" (ibid). Besides, with regard to the 'resistant' strategy proclaimed by Venuti, Pym says that "one might imagine Venuti's generalized call for 'resistant' translators being socially cordoned off as a trick for intellectuals, thus causing virtually no changes beyond an academic coterie"^[36]11 (ibid, p. 121). Likewise, Pym criticizes Venuti's assumption that translators belong to the target culture: "This can be seen in minor slips like his suggestions that translators working into English somehow need to defend their 'rights as a British or American citizen' (1995, p. 9)" (ibid, p. 179). And he reminds that he works into English but he is not neither British nor American. Again, from a practiceoriented standpoint, Pym assesses Venuti's translational approach:
5
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt105 - : As can be seen in the above quotation, the first translation strategy Rabassa mentions is to translate as one reads for the first time. This strategy would seem to contradict initial indications that appear in translation manuals for beginners. It is generally assumed that translation should have some kind of preparatory stage where the totality or at least the first paragraphs of the original are read. This is done in order to get a 'feeling' of the text to be translated or to pinpoint any technical, unknown or difficult words to translate. How can then Rabassa's strategy be explained? This has to do with the specifics of reading a text for translation purposes. Whenever one reads a text it is done mainly for informative or aesthetic purposes, whereas when one reads a text for translational purposes a special type of reading is performed where an additional purpose is added: the translator attempts to find out how the text has been constructed . He is interested in finding out what lexical
6
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt105 - : The second step in translational problem solving is to describe the problem: "Cien is our first problem because in Spanish it bears no article so that the word can waver between one hundred and a hundred" .
7
paper CO_FormayFuncióntxt105 - : The third step consists in analyzing the different possible translational choices:
Evaluando al candidato translational:
2) target: 7
7) translator: 5 (*)
8) communicative: 5 (*)
9) author: 5
10) venuti: 5
12) strategy: 4 (*)
13) rabassa: 4
16) translators: 3 (*)
17) initiator: 3 (*)
20) norms: 3 (*)
translational
Lengua: eng
Frec: 64
Docs: 14
Nombre propio: 1 / 64 = 1%
Coocurrencias con glosario: 6
Puntaje: 6.924 = (6 + (1+5.49185309632967) / (1+6.02236781302845)));
Candidato aceptado
Referencias bibliográficas encontradas sobre cada término
(Que existan referencias dedicadas a un término es también indicio de terminologicidad.)| translational |
: 10. Chaume, F. (2004c). Synchronization in dubbing: A translational approach. In Orero, P. (Ed.), Topics in Audiovisual Translation (pp. 35-52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. : 2. Hermans, T. (1991). Translational Norms and Correct Translation. En K. M. van Leuven-Zwart & T. Naaijkens (Eds.), Translation Studies: The State of the Art (pp. 155-169). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Rodopi. : 8. Nord, C. (1991). Scopos, Loyalty and Translational Conventions. Target, 3(1), 91–109. : Bolaños Cuéllar, S. (2016). Equivalence within the Dynamic Translation Model (DTM): Default Equivalence Position, Equivalence Range, Initiator's Instructions, and Translational Norms. Forma y Función, 29(2), 183-201. : Chiaro, D. (2004). Translational and marketing communication: A comparison of print and web advertising of Italian agro–food products. The Translator, 10(2), 313–328. : Vermeer, H. (2000). Skopos and Commission in Translational Action. In L. Venuti (Ed.), The Translation Studies Reader (pp. 221-232). London & New York: Routledge. : Zanettin, Federico. 2002b. "CEXI. Designing an English Italian Translational Corpus". En Bernhard Ketteman y Georg Marko (eds). Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 329-343. |